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Bianchi G, Pessina A, Ami D, Signorelli S, de Divitiis M, Natalello A, Lotti M, Brambilla L, Brocca S, Mangiagalli M. Sustainable production of a biotechnologically relevant β-galactosidase in Escherichia coli cells using crude glycerol and cheese whey permeate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131063. [PMID: 38964512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Responsible use of natural resources and waste reduction are key concepts in bioeconomy. This study demonstrates that agro-food derived-biomasses from the Italian food industry, such as crude glycerol and cheese whey permeate (CWP), can be combined in a high-density fed-batch culture to produce a recombinant β-galactosidase from Marinomonas sp. ef1 (M-βGal). In a small-scale process (1.5 L) using 250 mL of crude glycerol and 300 mL of lactose-rich CWP, approximately 2000 kU of recombinant M-βGal were successfully produced along with 30 g of galactose accumulated in the culture medium. The purified M-βGal exhibited high hydrolysis efficiency in lactose-rich matrices, with hydrolysis yields of 82 % in skimmed milk at 4 °C and 94 % in CWP at 50 °C, highlighting its biotechnological potential. This approach demonstrates the effective use of crude glycerol and CWP in sustainable and cost-effective high-density Escherichia coli cultures, potentially applicable to recombinant production of various proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Bianchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Alex Pessina
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Samuele Signorelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Marcella de Divitiis
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Luca Brambilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, Milano 20126, Italy.
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2
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Loughran ST, Walls D. Tagging Recombinant Proteins to Enhance Solubility and Aid Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:97-123. [PMID: 37646996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has a long history, and there is a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to address issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel. In this chapter, the rationale and applications of a range of established and more recently developed solubility-enhancing and affinity tags is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Loughran
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Louth, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Wang H, Wang L, Zhong B, Dai Z. Protein Splicing of Inteins: A Powerful Tool in Synthetic Biology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:810180. [PMID: 35265596 PMCID: PMC8899391 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.810180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inteins are protein segments that are capable of enabling the ligation of flanking extein into a new protein, a process known as protein splicing. Since its discovery, inteins have become powerful biotechnological tools for applications such as protein engineering. In the last 10 years, the development in synthetic biology has further endowed inteins with enhanced functions and diverse utilizations. Here we review these efforts and discuss the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baihua Zhong
- Materials Interfaces Center, Institute of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Materials Synthetic Biology Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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4
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ClearColi as a platform for untagged pneumococcal surface protein A production: cultivation strategy, bioreactor culture, and purification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1011-1029. [PMID: 35024919 PMCID: PMC8755982 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several studies have searched for new antigens to produce pneumococcal vaccines that are more effective and could provide broader coverage, given the great number of serotypes causing pneumococcal diseases. One of the promising subunit vaccine candidates is untagged recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA4Pro), obtainable in high quantities using recombinant Escherichia coli as a microbial factory. However, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in E. coli cell extracts must be removed, in order to obtain the target protein at the required purity, which makes the downstream process more complex and expensive. Endotoxin-free E. coli strains, which synthesize a nontoxic mutant LPS, may offer a cost-effective alternative way to produce recombinant proteins for application as therapeutics. This paper presents an investigation of PspA4Pro production employing the endotoxin-free recombinant strain ClearColi® BL21(DE3) with different media (defined, auto-induction, and other complex media), temperatures (27, 32, and 37 °C), and inducers. In comparison to conventional E. coli cells in a defined medium, ClearColi presented similar PspA4Pro yields, with lower productivities. Complex medium formulations supplemented with salts favored PspA4Pro yields, titers, and ClearColi growth rates. Induction with isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (0.5 mM) and lactose (2.5 g/L) together in a defined medium at 32 °C, which appeared to be a promising cultivation strategy, was reproduced in 5 L bioreactor culture, leading to a yield of 146.0 mg PspA4Pro/g dry cell weight. After purification, the cell extract generated from ClearColi led to 98% purity PspA4Pro, which maintained secondary structure and biological function. ClearColi is a potential host for industrial recombinant protein production. Key points • ClearColi can produce as much PspA4Pro as conventional E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. • 10.5 g PspA4Pro produced in ClearColi bioreactor culture using a defined medium. • Functional PspA4Pro (98% of purity) was obtained in ClearColi bioreactor culture.Graphical abstract ![]() Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11758-9.
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5
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Sun XM, Zhang ZX, Wang LR, Wang JG, Liang Y, Yang HF, Tao RS, Jiang Y, Yang JJ, Yang S. Downregulation of T7 RNA polymerase transcription enhances pET-based recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) by suppressing autolysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:153-163. [PMID: 32897579 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) is an excellent and widely used host for recombinant protein production. Many variant hosts were developed from BL21 (DE3), but improving the expression of specific proteins remains a major challenge in biotechnology. In this study, we found that when BL21 (DE3) overexpressed glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), a significant industrial enzyme, severe cell autolysis was induced. Subsequently, we observed this phenomenon in the expression of 10 other recombinant proteins. This precludes a further increase of the produced enzyme activity by extending the fermentation time, which is not conducive to the reduction of industrial enzyme production costs. Analysis of membrane structure and messenger RNA expression analysis showed that cells could underwent a form of programmed cell death (PCD) during the autolysis period. However, blocking three known PCD pathways in BL21 (DE3) did not completely alleviate autolysis completely. Consequently, we attempted to develop a strong expression host resistant to autolysis by controlling the speed of recombinant protein expression. To find a more suitable protein expression rate, the high- and low-strength promoter lacUV5 and lac were shuffled and recombined to yield the promoter variants lacUV5-1A and lac-1G. The results showed that only one base in lac promoter needs to be changed, and the A at the +1 position was changed to a G, resulting in the improved host BL21 (DE3-lac1G), which resistant to autolysis. As a consequence, the GDH activity at 43 h was greatly increased from 37.5 to 452.0 U/ml. In scale-up fermentation, the new host was able to produce the model enzyme with a high rate of 89.55 U/ml/h at 43 h, compared to only 3 U/ml/h achieved using BL21 (DE3). Importantly, BL21 (DE3-lac1G) also successfully improved the production of 10 other enzymes. The engineered E. coli strain constructed in this study conveniently optimizes recombinant protein overexpression by suppressing cell autolysis, and shows great potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Ru Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Yan Liang
- HuaRui Biotechnology Company, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong-Sheng Tao
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Huzhou Center of Industrial Biotechnology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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6
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Cardoso VM, Campani G, Santos MP, Silva GG, Pires MC, Gonçalves VM, de C. Giordano R, Sargo CR, Horta AC, Zangirolami TC. Cost analysis based on bioreactor cultivation conditions: Production of a soluble recombinant protein using Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 26:e00441. [PMID: 32140446 PMCID: PMC7049567 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cultivation strategy on the cost of recombinant protein production is crucial for defining cost-effective bioreactor operation conditions. This paper presents a methodology to estimate and compare cost impacts related to utilities as well as medium composition, using simple design equations and accessible data. Data from batch bioreactor cultures were used as case study involving the production of pneumococcal surface protein A, a soluble recombinant protein, employing E. coli BL21(DE3). Cultivation strategies and corresponding process costs covered a wide range of operational conditions, including different media, inducers, and temperatures. The core expenses were related to the medium and cooling. When the price of peptone was above the threshold value of US$ 30/kg, defined medium became the best choice. IPTG and temperatures around 32 °C led to shorter cultures and lower PspA4Pro production costs. The procedure offers a simple, accessible theoretical tool to identify cost-effective production strategies using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemir M. Cardoso
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson Campani
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Maurício P. Santos
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G. Silva
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Manuella C. Pires
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane M. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Butantan Institute, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto de C. Giordano
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia R. Sargo
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio C.L. Horta
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa C. Zangirolami
- Graduate Program of Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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7
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Heidari-Japelaghi R, Haddad R, Valizadeh M, Dorani-Uliaie E, Jalali-Javaran M. Elastin-like polypeptide fusions for high-level expression and purification of human IFN-γ in Escherichia coli. Anal Biochem 2019; 585:113401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Kim H, Gaynor A, Chen W. Tunable modulation of antibody-antigen interaction by protease cleavage of protein M. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2834-2842. [PMID: 31286479 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While immunoglobulins find ubiquitous use in biotechnology as static binders, recent developments have created proantibodies that enable orthogonal switch-like behavior to antibody function. Previously, peptides with low binding affinity have been genetically fused to antibodies, to proteolytically control binding function by blocking the antigen-binding site. However, development of these artificial blockers requires panning for peptide sequences that reversibly affect antigen affinity for each antibody. Instead, a more general strategy to achieve dynamic control over antibody affinity may be feasible using protein M (ProtM) from Mycoplasma genitalium, a newly identified polyspecific immunity evasion protein that is capable of blocking antigen binding for a wide range of antibodies. Using C-terminus truncation to identify ProtM variants that are still capable of binding to antibodies without the ability to block antigens, we developed a novel and universal biological switch for antibodies. Using a site-specifically placed thrombin cut site, antibody affinity can be modulated by cleavage of the two distinct antibody-binding and antigen-blocking domains of ProtM. Because of the high affinity of ProtM toward a large variety of IgG subtypes, this strategy may be used as a universal approach to create proantibodies that are conditionally activated by disease-specific proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Andrew Gaynor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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9
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Ranjbar S, Rahbarizadeh F, Ahmadvand D. Designing an ELP-intein system: toward a more realistic outlook. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:222-229. [PMID: 30806151 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1509087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ever-growing demand for proteins in pharmaceutical applications, downstream processing imposes many technical and economic limitations to recombinant technology. Elastin-like polypeptides tend to aggregate reversibly at a specific temperature. These biopolymers have been joined with self-cleaving inteins to develop a non-chromatographic platform for protein purification without the need for expensive enzymatic tag removal. Following the design and expression of an ELP-intein-tagged GFP, herein, we report certain complications and setbacks associated with this protein purification system, overlooked in previous studies. Based on our results, a recovery rate of 68% was achieved using inverse transition cycling. Fluorescence intensity analysis indicated a production yield of 11 mg GFP fusion protein per liter of bacterial culture. The low expression level is attributable to several factors, such as irreversible aggregation, slipped-strand mispairing or insufficiency of aminoacyl tRNAs during protein translation of the highly repetitive ELP tag. While the goals we set out to achieve were not entirely met, a number of useful tips could be gathered as a generic means for implementing ELP-intein protein purification. Overall, we believe that such reports help clarify the exact capacity of emerging techniques and build a fairly realistic prospect toward their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ranjbar
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- b Department of Medical Laboratoty Sciences , Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,c Neuroscience Research Center , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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10
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Fletcher EE, Yan D, Kosiba AA, Zhou Y, Shi H. Biotechnological applications of elastin-like polypeptides and the inverse transition cycle in the pharmaceutical industry. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 153:114-120. [PMID: 30217600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are essential throughout the biological and biomedical sciences and the purification strategies of proteins of interest have advanced over centuries. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are compound polymers that have recently been highlighted for their sharp and reversible phase transition property when heated above their lower critical solution temperature (LCST). ELPs preserve this behavior when fused to a protein, and as a result providing a simple method to isolate a recombinant ELP fusion protein from cell contaminants by taking the solution through the soluble and insoluble phase of the ELP fusion protein, a technique designated as the inverse transition cycle (ITC). ITC is considered an inexpensive and efficient way of purifying recombinant ELP fusion proteins. In addition, ELPs render recombinant fusion protein more stability and a longer clear time in blood stream, which give ELPs a lot of valuable applications in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry. This article reviews the modernizations of ELPs and briefly highlights on the possible use of technologies such as the automatic piston discharge (APD) centrifuges to improve the efficiency of the ITC in the pharmaceutical industry to obtain benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella E Fletcher
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Anthony A Kosiba
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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Zhou Y, Li X, Yan D, Addai Peprah F, Ji X, Fletcher EE, Wang Y, Wang Y, Gu J, Lin F, Shi H. Multifunctional elastin-like polypeptide renders β-glucosidase enzyme phase transition and high stability. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:157. [PMID: 31249620 PMCID: PMC6589881 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the enzymatic conversion of biomass, it becomes an important issue to efficiently and cost-effectively degrade cellulose into fermentable glucose. β-Glucosidase (Bgluc), an essential member of cellulases, plays a critical role in cellulosic biomass degradation. The difficulty in improving the stability of Bgluc has been a bottleneck in the enzyme-dependent cellulose degradation. The traditional method of protein purification, however, leads to higher production cost and a decrease in activity. To simplify and efficiently purify Bgluc with modified special properties, Bgluc-tagged ELP and His with defined phase transitions was designed to facilitate the process. RESULTS Here, a novel binary ELP and His tag was fused with Bgluc from termite Coptotermes formosanus to construct a Bgluc-linker-ELP-His recombinant fusion protein (BglucLEH). The recombinant plasmid Bgluc expressing a His tag (BglucH) was also constructed. The BglucLEH and BglucH were expressed in E. coli BL21 and purified using inverse transition cycling (ITC) or Ni-NTA resin. The optimum salt concentration for the ITC purification of BglucLEH was 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4 and the specific activity of BglucLEH purified by ITC was 75.5 U/mg for substrate p-NPG, which was slightly higher than that of BglucLEH purified by Ni-NTA (68.2 U/mg). The recovery rate and purification fold of BglucLEH purified by ITC and Ni-NTA were 77.8%, 79.1% and 12.60, 11.60, respectively. The results indicated that purification with ITC was superior to the traditional Ni-NTA. The K m of BglucLEH and BglucH for p-NPG was 5.27 and 5.73 mM, respectively. The K ca t/K m (14.79 S-1 mM-1) of BglucLEH was higher than that of BglucH (12.10 S-1 mM-1). The effects of ELP tag on the enzyme activity, secondary structure and protein stability were also studied. The results showed that ELP tag did not affect the secondary structure or enzyme activity of Bgluc. More importantly, ELP improved the protein stability in harsh conditions such as heating and exposure to denaturant. CONCLUSION The Bgluc-linker-ELP-His system shows wide application prospect in maintaining the activity, efficient purification and improving the stability of Bgluc. These properties of BglucLEH make it an interesting tool to reduce cost, to improve the efficiency of biocatalyst and potentially to enhance the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Frank Addai Peprah
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqi Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Emmanuella Esi Fletcher
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Tripathi NK, Karothia D, Shrivastava A, Banger S, Kumar JS. Enhanced production and immunological characterization of recombinant West Nile virus envelope domain III protein. N Biotechnol 2018; 46:7-13. [PMID: 29768182 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging mosquito-borne virus which is responsible for severe and fatal encephalitis in humans and for which there is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic available to prevent infection. The envelope domain III protein (EDIII) of WNV was over-expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using a two-step chromatography process which included immobilized metal affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. E. coli cells were grown in a bioreactor to high density using batch and fed-batch cultivation. Wet biomass obtained after batch and fed-batch cultivation processes was 11.2 g and 84 g/L of culture respectively. Protein yield after affinity purification was 5.76 mg and 5.81 mg/g wet cell weight after batch and fed-batch processes respectively. The purified WNV EDIII elicited specific antibodies in rabbits, confirming its immunogenicity. Moreover, the antibodies were able to neutralize WNV in vitro. These results established that the refolded and purified WNV EDIII could be a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh K Tripathi
- Bioprocess Scale Up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India.
| | - Divyanshi Karothia
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Ambuj Shrivastava
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Swati Banger
- Bioprocess Scale Up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
| | - Jyoti S Kumar
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India
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13
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A Modular Genetic System for High-Throughput Profiling and Engineering of Multi-Target Small RNAs. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29484604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7634-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
RNA biology and RNA engineering are subjects of growing interest due to recent advances in our understanding of the diverse cellular functions of RNAs, including their roles as genetic regulators. The noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) of bacteria are a fundamental basis of regulatory control that can regulate gene expression via antisense base-pairing to one or more target mRNAs. The sRNAs can be customized to generate a range of mRNA translation rates and stabilities. The sRNAs can be applied as a platform for metabolic engineering, to control expression of genes of interest by following relatively straightforward design rules (Kushwaha et al., ACS Synth Biol 5:795-809, 2016). However, the ab initio design of functional sRNAs to precise specifications of gene control is not yet possible. Consequently, there is a need for tools to rapidly profile uncharacterized sRNAs in vivo, to screen sRNAs against "new/novel" targets, and (in the case of metabolic engineering) to develop engineered sRNAs for regulatory function against multiple desired mRNA targets. To address this unmet need, we previously constructed a modular genetic system for assaying sRNA activity in vivo against specifiable mRNA sequences, using microtiter plate assays for high-throughput productivity. This sRNA design platform consists of three modular plasmids: one plasmid contains an inducible sRNA and the RNA chaperone Hfq; the second contains an inducible fluorescent reporter protein and a LacY mutant transporter protein for inducer molecules; and the third plasmid contains a second inducible fluorescent reporter protein. The second reporter gene makes it possible to screen for sRNA regulators that have activity against multiple mRNAs. We describe the protocol for engineering sRNAs with novel regulatory activity using this system. This sRNA prototyping regimen could also be employed for validating predicted mRNA targets of uncharacterized, naturally occurring sRNAs or for testing hypotheses about the predicted roles of genes, including essential genes, in cellular metabolism and other processes, by using customized antisense sRNAs to knock down or tune down gene expression.
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14
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Bulutoglu B, Dooley K, Szilvay G, Blenner M, Banta S. Catch and Release: Engineered Allosterically Regulated β-Roll Peptides Enable On/Off Biomolecular Recognition. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:1732-1741. [PMID: 28520402 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternative scaffolds for biomolecular recognition are being developed to overcome some of the limitations associated with immunoglobulin domains. The repeat-in-toxin (RTX) domain is a repeat protein sequence that reversibly adopts the β-roll secondary structure motif specifically upon calcium binding. This conformational change was exploited for controlled biomolecular recognition. Using ribosome display, an RTX peptide library was selected to identify binders to a model protein, lysozyme, exclusively in the folded state of the peptide. Several mutants were identified with low micromolar dissociation constants. After concatenation of the mutants, a 500-fold increase in the overall affinity for lysozyme was achieved leading to a peptide with an apparent dissociation constant of 65 nM. This mutant was immobilized for affinity chromatography experiments, and the on/off nature of the molecular recognition was demonstrated as the target is captured from a mixture in the presence of calcium and is released in the absence of calcium as the RTX peptides lose their β-roll structure. This work presents the design of a new stimulus-responsive scaffold that can be used for environmentally responsive specific molecular recognition and self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Bulutoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kevin Dooley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Géza Szilvay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Mark Blenner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Scott Banta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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15
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Lahiry A, Stimple SD, Wood DW, Lease RA. Retargeting a Dual-Acting sRNA for Multiple mRNA Transcript Regulation. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:648-658. [PMID: 28067500 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multitargeting small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) represent a potentially useful tool for metabolic engineering applications. Natural multitargeting sRNAs govern bacterial gene expression by binding to the translation initiation regions of protein-coding mRNAs through base pairing. We designed an Escherichia coli based genetic system to create and assay dual-acting retargeted-sRNA variants. The variants can be assayed for coordinate translational regulation of two alternate mRNA leaders fused to independent reporter genes. Accordingly, we began with the well-characterized E. coli native DsrA sRNA. The merits of using DsrA include its well-characterized separation of function into two independently folded stem-loop domains, wherein alterations at one stem do not necessarily abolish activity at the other stem. Expression of the sRNA and each reporter mRNA was independently controlled by small inducer molecules, allowing precise quantification of the regulatory effects of each sRNA:mRNA interaction in vivo with a microtiter plate assay. Using this system, we semirationally designed DsrA variants screened in E. coli for their ability to regulate key mRNA leader sequences from the Clostridium acetobutylicum n-butanol synthesis pathway. To coordinate intervention at two points in a metabolic pathway, we created bifunctional sRNA prototypes by combining sequences from two singly retargeted DsrA variants. This approach constitutes a platform for designing sRNAs to specifically target arbitrary mRNA transcript sequences, and thus provides a generalizable tool for retargeting and characterizing multitarget sRNAs for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Lahiry
- Department
of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Samuel D. Stimple
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David W. Wood
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Richard A. Lease
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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16
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Tripathi NK, Shrivastava A. Evaluation of antibody response against recombinant domain III proteins of dengue virus type 1 and 2. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:248-266. [PMID: 31294159 PMCID: PMC6605013 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.2.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, a mosquito borne viral disease caused by dengue virus has emerged as a major health problem during the last few decades. The envelope domain III (DIII) protein of dengue virus is highly immunogenic and capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against wild-type dengue virus. The envelope domain III protein is a potential subunit vaccine candidate as well as a diagnostic reagent for dengue. This report describes the high yield production and immunogenicity of recombinant DIII proteins of dengue virus type 1 and 2. The subunit DIII proteins were produced in Escherichia coli using batch and fed-batch fermentation process. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography was used to capture DIII proteins of dengue virus type 1 and 2. The purified proteins were refolded by diafiltration to achieve biologically active proteins. After fed-batch fermentation, the recombinant E. coli resulted in purified DIII proteins of about 10.06 mg and 47.70 mg per gram of dry cell weight for recombinant dengue virus type 1 and 2 respectively with more than 95% purity. Biological function of the purified DIII proteins were confirmed by their ability to generate DIII specific antibodies in mice. The DIII antigens in combination with adjuvant resulted antibody endpoint titers of 1:64,000 and 1:1,28,000 for recombinant dengue virus type 1 and 2 respectively. These findings establish that the DIII proteins in combination with adjuvant are immunogenic, which suggests that refolded and purified DIII proteins can be a potential vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh K Tripathi
- Bioprocess Scale up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474002, India
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17
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Efficient genetic approaches for improvement of plasmid based expression of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli : A review. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has increased greatly in recent years and there now exists a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to solve issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have therefore become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel. Here, the rationale and applications of a range of established and more recently developed solubility-enhancing and affinity tags is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Loughran
- Department of Applied Sciences, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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19
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Coolbaugh M, Shakalli Tang M, Wood D. High-throughput purification of recombinant proteins using self-cleaving intein tags. Anal Biochem 2017; 516:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Expression of Codon-Optimized Plant Glycosyltransferase UGT72B14 in Escherichia coli Enhances Salidroside Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9845927. [PMID: 27597978 PMCID: PMC5002478 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9845927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside, a plant secondary metabolite in Rhodiola, has been demonstrated to have several adaptogenic properties as a medicinal herb. Due to the limitation of plant source, microbial production of salidroside by expression of plant uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) is promising. However, glycoside production usually remains hampered by poor expression of plant UGTs in microorganisms. Herein, we achieved salidroside production by expression of Rhodiola UGT72B14 in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and codon optimization was accordingly applied. UGT72B14 expression was optimized by changing 278 nucleotides and decreasing the G+C content to 51.05% without altering the amino acid sequence. The effect of codon optimization on UGT72B14 catalysis for salidroside production was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, salidroside production by codon-optimized UGT72B14 is enhanced because of a significantly improved protein yield (increased by 4.8-fold) and an equivalently high activity as demonstrated by similar kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax), compared to that by wild-type protein. In vivo, both batch and fed-batch cultivation using the codon-optimized gene resulted in a significant increase in salidroside production, which was up to 6.7 mg/L increasing 3.2-fold over the wild-type UGT72B14.
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21
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Tripathi NK. Production and Purification of Recombinant Proteins fromEscherichia coli. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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22
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Freier L, Hemmerich J, Schöler K, Wiechert W, Oldiges M, von Lieres E. Framework for Kriging-based iterative experimental analysis and design: Optimization of secretory protein production inCorynebacterium glutamicum. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Freier
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Johannes Hemmerich
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
- BioEconomy Science Center; (BioSC)
| | - Katja Schöler
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
- BioEconomy Science Center; (BioSC)
| | - Wolfgang Wiechert
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
- BioEconomy Science Center; (BioSC)
| | - Marco Oldiges
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
- BioEconomy Science Center; (BioSC)
- Institute of Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Biotechnology (IBG-1); Forschungszentrum Jülich; Jülich Germany
- Institute of Biotechnology; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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23
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Qin G, Perez PM, Mills CE, Olsen BD. Effect of ELP Sequence and Fusion Protein Design on Concentrated Solution Self-Assembly. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:928-34. [PMID: 26927835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusion proteins provide a facile route for the purification and self-assembly of biofunctional protein block copolymers into complex nanostructures; however, the use of biochemical synthesis techniques introduces unexplored variables into the design of the structures. Using model fusion constructs of the red fluorescent protein mCherry and the coil-like protein elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), it is shown that the molar mass and hydrophobicity of the ELP sequence have a large effect on the propensity of a fusion to form well-ordered nanostructures, even when the ELP is in the low temperature, highly solvated state. In contrast, the presence of a 6xHis purification tag has little effect on self-assembly, and the order of blocks in the construct (N-terminal vs C-terminal) only has a significant effect on the nanostructure when the conjugates are heated above the transition temperature of the ELP block. These results indicate that for a sufficiently hydrophobic and high molar mass ELP block, there is a great deal of design latitude in the construction of fusion protein block copolymers for self-assembling nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guokui Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paola M Perez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carolyn E Mills
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley D Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang D, Wu S, Zhang G. Enhanced thermal stability of lichenase from Bacillus subtilis 168 by SpyTag/SpyCatcher-mediated spontaneous cyclization. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:79. [PMID: 27034717 PMCID: PMC4815112 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SpyTag is a peptide that can form an irreversible covalent linkage to its 12 kDa partner SpyCatcher via a spontaneous isopeptide bond. Herein, we fused SpyTag at the N-terminal of lichenase and SpyCatcher at C-terminal so that the termini of lichenase were locked together by the covalent interaction between the partners. In addition, an elastin-like polypeptides tag was subsequently attached to the C-terminus of SpyCatcher, thereby facilitating the non-chromatographic purification of cyclized lichenase. RESULTS The study showed that the optimum temperature of the cyclized lichenase was about 5 °C higher in comparison to its linear counterpart. Moreover, nearly 80 % of the cyclized lichenase activities were retained after 100 °C exposure, whereas the linear form lost almost all of its activities. Therefore, the cyclized variant displayed a significantly higher thermal stability as temperature elevated and was resistant to hyperthermal denaturation. Besides, the Km value of the cyclized lichenase (7.58 ± 0.92 mg/mL) was approximately 1.7-fold lower than that of the linear one (12.96 ± 1.93 mg/mL), indicating a higher affinity with substrates. CONCLUSIONS This new SpyTag/SpyCatcher cyclization strategy is deemed as a generalized reference for enhancing enzyme stability and can be effectively customized to the cyclization of various enzymes, hence a tremendous potential for successful application in the biocatalytic conversion of biomass to produce fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindan Wang
- />Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
| | - Yilin Wang
- />Biochip Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000 Shandong China
| | - Xinzhe Wang
- />Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- />Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
| | - Shuyu Wu
- />Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- />Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021 Fujian China
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25
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Production of d-psicose from d-fructose by whole recombinant cells with high-level expression of d-psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:186-90. [PMID: 26183861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The specific activity of recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing the double-site variant (I33L-S213C) d-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was highest at 24 h of cultivation time in Terrific Broth (TB) medium among the media tested. The contents of crude protein and DPEase in recombinant cells at 24 h were 37.0 and 8.6% (w/w), respectively, indicating that the enzyme was highly expressed. The reaction conditions for the production of d-psicose from d-fructose by whole recombinant cells with the highest specific activity were optimal at 60°C, pH 8.5, 4 g/l cells, and 700 g/l d-fructose. Under these conditions, whole recombinant cells produced 230 g/l d-psicose after 40 min, with a conversion yield of 33% (w/w), a volumetric productivity of 345 g/l/h, and a specific productivity of 86.2 g/g/h. These are the highest conversion yield and volumetric and specific productivities of d-psicose from d-fructose by cells reported thus far.
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26
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Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Piña MJ, Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Fernández-Colino A, Arias FJ. Nanotechnological Approaches to Therapeutic Delivery Using Elastin-Like Recombinamers. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1252-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced
Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Piña
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced
Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Arturo Ibáñez-Fonseca
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced
Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Fernández-Colino
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced
Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Arias
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced
Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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27
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Mahalik S, Sharma AK, Mukherjee KJ. Genome engineering for improved recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:177. [PMID: 25523647 PMCID: PMC4300154 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A metabolic engineering perspective which views recombinant protein
expression as a multistep pathway allows us to move beyond vector design and
identify the downstream rate limiting steps in expression. In E.coli these are typically at the translational level
and the supply of precursors in the form of energy, amino acids and nucleotides.
Further recombinant protein production triggers a global cellular stress response
which feedback inhibits both growth and product formation. Countering this requires
a system level analysis followed by a rational host cell engineering to sustain
expression for longer time periods. Another strategy to increase protein yields
could be to divert the metabolic flux away from biomass formation and towards
recombinant protein production. This would require a growth stoppage mechanism which
does not affect the metabolic activity of the cell or the transcriptional or
translational efficiencies. Finally cells have to be designed for efficient export
to prevent buildup of proteins inside the cytoplasm and also simplify downstream
processing. The rational and the high throughput strategies that can be used for the
construction of such improved host cell platforms for recombinant protein expression
is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhashree Mahalik
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Krishna J Mukherjee
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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28
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Collins T, Barroca M, Branca F, Padrão J, Machado R, Casal M. High Level Biosynthesis of a Silk-Elastin-like Protein in E. coli. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2701-8. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5005564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Collins
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental
Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mário Barroca
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental
Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Branca
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental
Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental
Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Raul Machado
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental
Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- Centre
of Molecular and Environmental
Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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29
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Single-step purification of recombinant proteins using elastin-like peptide-mediated inverse transition cycling and self-processing module from Neisseria meningitides FrpC. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 98:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli: advances and challenges. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:172. [PMID: 24860555 PMCID: PMC4029002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1320] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins. Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression platform. For this reason, there are many molecular tools and protocols at hand for the high-level production of heterologous proteins, such as a vast catalog of expression plasmids, a great number of engineered strains and many cultivation strategies. We review the different approaches for the synthesis of recombinant proteins in E. coli and discuss recent progress in this ever-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Rosario, Argentina ; Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
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31
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Sheth RD, Jin M, Bhut BV, Li Z, Chen W, Cramer SM. Affinity precipitation of a monoclonal antibody from an industrial harvest feedstock using an ELP-Z stimuli responsive biopolymer. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1595-603. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D. Sheth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 110 8th Street Troy New York 12180
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Mi Jin
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Bharat V. Bhut
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Biologics Process Development; Bristol-Myers Squibb; East Syracuse New York
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; 110 8th Street Troy New York 12180
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Vélez AM, da Silva AJ, Luperni Horta AC, Sargo CR, Campani G, Gonçalves Silva G, de Lima Camargo Giordano R, Zangirolami TC. High-throughput strategies for penicillin G acylase production in rE. coli fed-batch cultivations. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:6. [PMID: 24444109 PMCID: PMC3913322 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is used industrially to catalyze the hydrolysis of penicillin G to obtain 6-aminopenicillanic acid. In Escherichia coli, the most-studied microorganism for PGA production, this enzyme accumulates in the periplasmic cell space, and temperature plays an important role in the correct synthesis of its subunits. Results This work investigates the influence of medium composition, cultivation strategy, and temperature on PGA production by recombinant E. coli cells. Shake flask cultures carried out using induction temperatures ranging from 18 to 28°C revealed that the specific enzyme activity achieved at 20°C (3000 IU gDCW-1) was 6-fold higher than the value obtained at 28°C. Auto-induction and high cell density fed-batch bioreactor cultures were performed using the selected induction temperature, with both defined and complex media, and IPTG and lactose as inducers. Final biomass concentrations of 100 and 120 gDCW L-1, and maximum enzyme productivities of 7800 and 5556 IU L-1 h-1, were achieved for high cell density cultures using complex and defined media, respectively. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the volumetric enzyme activity and productivity values achieved using the complex medium are the highest ever reported for PGA production using E. coli. Overall PGA recovery yields of 64 and 72% after purification were achieved for crude extracts obtained from cells cultivated in defined and complex media, respectively. The complex medium was the most cost-effective for PGA production, and could be used in both high cell density and straightforward auto-induction protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresa Cristina Zangirolami
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, C,P, 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Coolbaugh MJ, Wood DW. Purification of E. coli proteins using a self-cleaving chitin-binding affinity tag. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1177:47-58. [PMID: 24943313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1034-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of affinity tags to purify recombinant proteins is ubiquitous in molecular biology. However, tag removal after purification still remains a challenge. The most commonly used method, proteolytic digestion, has several drawbacks that make the process complex and costly. One alternative to the use of proteolytic digestion is the use of self-cleaving purification tags. Here, we describe a system that combines a chitin-binding domain (CBD) tag with the ∆I-CM intein to yield a self-cleaving purification tag. A protein gene of interest is genetically fused downstream of the tag, generating a fusion protein that can be rapidly and easily purified using a chitin resin. Intein self-cleavage is then induced by a simple pH and temperature shift, liberating the free target protein. This system can be used to readily purify any recombinant protein that can be expressed in E. coli, and has the potential to be applied to a wide variety of additional tags and expression hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Coolbaugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Tripathi NK, Priya R, Shrivastava A. Production of recombinant Chikungunya virus envelope 2 protein in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2461-71. [PMID: 24337252 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), has drawn substantial attention after its reemergence causing massive outbreaks in tropical regions of Asia and Africa. The recombinant envelope 2 (rE2) protein of CHIKV is a potential diagnostic as well as vaccine candidate. Development of cost-effective cultivation media and appropriate culture conditions are generally favorable for large-scale production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The effects of medium composition and cultivation conditions on the production of recombinant Chikungunya virus E2 (rCHIKV E2) protein were investigated in shake flask culture as well as batch cultivation of Escherichia coli. Further, the fed-batch process was also carried out for high cell density cultivation of E. coli expressing rE2 protein. Expression of rCHIKV E2 protein in E. coli was induced with 1 mM isopropyl-beta-thiogalactoside (IPTG) at ~23 g dry cell weight (DCW) per liter of culture and yielded an insoluble protein aggregating to form inclusion bodies. The final DCW after fed-batch cultivation was ~35 g/l. The inclusion bodies were isolated, solubilized in 8 M urea and purified through affinity chromatography to give a final product yield of ~190 mg/l. The reactivity of purified E2 protein was confirmed by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results show that rE2 protein of CHIKV may be used as a diagnostic reagent or for further prophylactic studies. This approach of producing rE2 protein in E. coli with high yield may also offer a promising method for production of other viral recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh K Tripathi
- Bioprocess Scale up Facility, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, India,
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Albertsen L, Shaw AC, Norrild JC, Strømgaard K. Recombinant production of peptide C-terminal α-amides using an engineered intein. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1883-94. [PMID: 24138202 DOI: 10.1021/bc4002689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are of increasing interest as therapeutics in a wide range of diseases, including metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. In the latter, peptide hormones such as peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic peptide (PP) are important templates for drug design. Characteristic for these peptides is that they contain a C-terminal that is α-amidated, and this amidation is crucial for biological function. A challenge is to generate such peptides by recombinant means and particularly in a production scale. Here, we have examined an intein-mediated approach to generate a PYY derivative in a larger scale. Initially, we experienced challenges with hydrolysis of the intein fusion protein, which was reduced by a T3C mutation in the intein. Subsequently, we further engineered the intein to decrease the absolute size and improve the relative yield of the PYY derivative, which was achieved by substituting 54 residues of the 198 amino acid intein with an eight amino acid linker. The optimized intein construct was used to produce the PYY derivative under high cell density cultivation conditions, generating the peptide thioester precursor in good yields and subsequent amidation provided the target peptide.
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Hauptmann V, Weichert N, Rakhimova M, Conrad U. Spider silks from plants - a challenge to create native-sized spidroins. Biotechnol J 2013; 8:1183-92. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Collins T, Azevedo-Silva J, da Costa A, Branca F, Machado R, Casal M. Batch production of a silk-elastin-like protein in E. coli BL21(DE3): key parameters for optimisation. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:21. [PMID: 23446293 PMCID: PMC3623843 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) combining the physicochemical and biological properties of silk and elastin have a high potential for use in the pharmaceutical, regenerative medicine and materials fields. Their development for use is however restrained by their production levels. Here we describe the batch production optimisation for a novel recently described SELP in the pET-E. coli BL21(DE3) expression system. Both a comprehensive empirical approach examining all process variables (media, induction time and period, temperature, pH, aeration and agitation) and a detailed characterisation of the bioprocess were carried out in an attempt to maximise production with this system. Results This study shows that maximum SELP volumetric production is achieved at 37°C using terrific broth at pH 6–7.5, a shake flask volume to medium volume ratio of 10:1 and an agitation speed of 200 rpm. Maximum induction is attained at the beginning of the stationary phase with 0.5 mM IPTG and an induction period of at least 4 hours. We show that the selection agents ampicillin and carbenicillin are rapidly degraded early in the cultivation and that plasmid stability decreases dramatically on induction. Furthermore, acetate accumulates during the bioprocess to levels which are shown to be inhibitory to the host cells. Using our optimised conditions, 500 mg/L of purified SELP was obtained. Conclusions We have identified the optimal conditions for the shake flask production of a novel SELP with the final production levels obtained being the highest reported to date. While this study is focused on SELPs, we believe that it could also be of general interest to any study where the pET (ampicillin selective marker)-E. coli BL21(DE3) expression system is used. In particular, we show that induction time is critical in this system with, in contrast to that which is generally believed, optimal production being obtained by induction at the beginning of the stationary phase. Furthermore, we believe that we are at or near the maximum productivity for the system used, with rapid degradation of the selective agent by plasmid encoded β-lactamase, plasmid instability on induction and high acetate production levels being the principal limiting factors for further improved production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Collins
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Shur O, Banta S. Rearranging and concatenating a native RTX domain to understand sequence modularity. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 26:171-80. [PMID: 23173179 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of repetitive peptide sequences forming predictable secondary structures has been a key paradigm in recent efforts to engineer biomolecular recognition. The modularity and predictability of these scaffolds enables precise identification and mutation of the active interface, providing a level of control which non-repetitive scaffolds often lack. However, the majority of these scaffolds are well-folded stable structures. If the structures had a stimulus-responsive character, this would enable the allosteric regulation of their function. The calcium-responsive beta roll-forming repeats in toxin (RTX) domain potentially offer both of these properties. To further develop this scaffold, we synthesized a set of RTX peptides ranging in size from 5 to 17 repeats, with and without C-terminal capping. We found that while the number of repeats can be altered to tune the size of the RTX face, repeat ordering and C-terminal capping are critical for successful folding. Comparing all of the constructs, we also observed that native configuration with nine repeats exhibited the highest affinity for calcium. In addition, we performed a comparison on a set of known RTX-containing proteins and find that C-terminal repeats often possess deviations from the consensus RTX sequence which may be essential for proper folding. We further find that there seems to be a narrow size range in which RTX domains exist. These results demonstrate that the deviations from the consensus RTX sequence that are observed in natural proteins are important for high-affinity calcium binding and folding. Therefore, the RTX scaffolds will be less modular as compared with other, non-responsive scaffolds, and the sequence-dependent interactions between different repeats will need to be retained in these scaffolds as they are developed in future protein-engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Shur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Ferrer-Miralles N, Corchero JL, Kumar P, Cedano JA, Gupta KC, Villaverde A, Vazquez E. Biological activities of histidine-rich peptides; merging biotechnology and nanomedicine. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10:101. [PMID: 22136342 PMCID: PMC3339332 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Histidine-rich peptides are commonly used in recombinant protein production as purification tags, allowing the one-step affinity separation of the His-tagged proteins from the extracellular media or cell extracts. Genetic engineering makes feasible the post-purification His-tag removal by inserting, between the tag and the main protein body, a target site for trans-acting proteases or a self-proteolytic peptide with regulatable activities. However, for technical ease, His tags are often not removed and the fusion proteins eventually used in this form. In this commentary, we revise the powerful biological properties of histidine-rich peptides as endosomolytic agents and as architectonic tags in nanoparticle formation, for which they are exploited in drug delivery and other nanomedical applications. These activities, generally unknown to biotechnologists, can unwillingly modulate the functionality and biotechnological performance of recombinant proteins in which they remain trivially attached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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