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Munir M, Zakaria ZA, Baig AA, Mohamad MB, Arshed N, Alhajj R. Global impact on human obesity - A robust non-linear panel data analysis. Nutr Health 2024; 30:531-548. [PMID: 36198038 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221129142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies in economics showed that humans are bounded rational. This being consumers, they are not perfect judges of what matters for the standard of living. While with a marked increase in economic and social wellbeing, there is a consistent rise in obesity levels, especially in the developed world. Thus, this study intends to explore the empirical and socio-economic antecedents of human obesity across countries using six global indexes. Methods: This study used the data of 40 countries between 1975 to 2018 and used the Panel FGLS Regression with the quadratic specification. Findings: The results showed that health and food indicators increase global human obesity, environment and education indicators decrease global human obesity, and economic and social indicators follow an inverted U-shaped pattern in affecting global human obesity. Originality: Previous studies have used infant mortality and life expectancy as the major health indicator in determining the standard of living while overlooking global human obesity as a major deterrent to welfare. This study has provided a holistic assessment of the causes of obesity in global contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubbasher Munir
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zahrahtul Amani Zakaria
- Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | | | - Noman Arshed
- Department of Economics, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Reda Alhajj
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Health Informatics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Tchuenchieu Kamgain AD, Onyenweaku E, Kesa H. Modern vs traditional indigenous diet preference in Gauteng region, South Africa: A public health concern? Heliyon 2024; 10:e32055. [PMID: 38882360 PMCID: PMC11176834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases still represents a public health concern in South Africa, of which eating habits are some of the main risk factors. A modern diet consisting of the consumption of highly processed foods high in fat, salt and caloric sweeteners and low in fibre is recognised as unhealthy. This study was conducted to assess the penchant of the population for these types of foods rather than traditional indigenous foods known to be healthier. This research was undertaken in the Gauteng region, which is the most urbanized province in the country. This study consisted of a quantitative research survey conducted in 2019 with 1527 participants (Asians, Black, Coloured, Indians and White) aged 18 and above who had lived in the province for at least two years. The results revealed that 30-40 % were neutral on the issue. Despite half (54.4 %) indicating that it was good to mix traditional and modern foods, a clear preference for modern food was noticed for 35.7 % of respondents, with 32.2 % reporting not being concerned that traditional foods have been replaced by modern foods. The traditional indigenous food consumption (TIFC) appeared to depend on monthly total household income, residential area, and settlement category. Participants with specific economic comfort consumed less. Race and number of people in the participants' households also significantly affected the TIFC (p < 0.05). Participants of white ethnicity and those living in a household of a maximum of 02 people displayed the lowest TIFC. In comparison to those who strongly disagree, participants with a neutral opinion about the idea of mixing eating habits were also the most neutral concerning preference for a modern diet (OR: 10.95, 95 % CI 7.00-17.12) and nutrition transition (OR: 14.66, 95 % CI 9.09-23.64). Sensitisation about healthy eating habits among the identified at-risk and target groups is undoubtedly a need in the region to avoid a resurgence of modern diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Tchuenchieu Kamgain
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Food, Food Security and Nutrition Research, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Cameroon
| | - Eridiong Onyenweaku
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hema Kesa
- Food Evolution Research Laboratory, School of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
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Pheiffer CF, McGarvey ST, Ginsburg C, Harawa S, White MJ. Dietary patterns and their socio-demographic correlates in the context of migration and urbanisation demonstrate nutrition transitions in South Africa. Glob Public Health 2024; 19:2375541. [PMID: 39048557 PMCID: PMC11346347 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2024.2375541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the demographic and socio-economic correlates of dietary patterns in South Africa, drawing on a sample of young adults experiencing internal migration and urbanisation. We use data from the 2018 baseline survey of the Migrant Health Follow-Up Study, an original longitudinal cohort study consisting of 3,087 internal migrants and rural residents aged 18-40 nested within the Agincourt Health and socio-Demographic Surveillance System in rural northeast South Africa. We employ principal components analysis to identify dietary patterns from food frequency questionnaires and ordinary least squares regression to assess whether migration and other socio-economic characteristics correlate with specific dietary patterns at baseline. We observe five distinct dietary patterns characterised by frequent consumption of processed foods, red meat, fruits and vegetables, diverse foods, and high sugar/fat foods. We find migration to be significantly associated with more frequent consumption of both processed foods and fruits and vegetables; we also find the association between migration status and dietary patterns to be heterogenous depending on migrants' destinations. This paper extends current understanding of changing dietary patterns in the context of nutrition transitions with attention to dynamic migration processes rather than static rural-urban differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel F Pheiffer
- Department of Urban Public Health, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Population Studies & Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Population Studies & Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- International Health Institute and Departments of Epidemiology and Anthropology, School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carren Ginsburg
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sadson Harawa
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michael J White
- Population Studies & Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Uusimäki K, Schneider L, Lubeka C, Kimiwye J, Mutanen M. Mothers' knowledge and practices on breastfeeding and complementary feeding in an urban slum area and rural area in Kenya: A cross-sectional interview study. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:612-627. [PMID: 35428403 PMCID: PMC10676620 DOI: 10.1177/13674935221083451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal breastfeeding and complementary feeding knowledge is an important determinant of childrens' long-term health and development. This study aims to account for associations between knowledge and practices in Kenya and report the food consumption of children from birth to 18 months. In 2015 mother-child pairs were recruited from Mother-and-Child Health Centers; 415 in an urban slum in Nairobi and 364 in rural Machakos. Knowledge and practice scores were calculated from questionnaire variables and 24-h food frequency questionnaire. The associations of knowledge and practices were studied with regression analysis. Breastfeeding knowledge (Nairobi 6.3/9, Machakos 5.9/9) and practices (Nairobi 7.5/8, Machakos 7.2/8) were good in both areas. Complementary feeding knowledge was not as good (Nairobi 7.5/14, Machakos 7.1/14). Minimum meal frequency was reached by almost 80% of the children but dietary diversity was low (Nairobi 2.7 [SD 1.4], Machakos 2.4. [SD 1.3]). Only 27% of children in Nairobi and 13% in Machakos were fed a minimum acceptable diet. The complementary feeding knowledge score was associated only with minimum dietary diversity in Nairobi (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.105-1.514). Infant and young child feeding knowledge and practices were on a similar level in both areas. Future interventions should focus on improving dietary diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerttu Uusimäki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauriina Schneider
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Crippina Lubeka
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Kimiwye
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marja Mutanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ibiyemi TE, Oldewage-Theron WH. Snack consumption frequency of children and adults in the Vaal region of Gauteng, South Africa. Health SA 2023; 28:2181. [PMID: 38058741 PMCID: PMC10696538 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Energy-dense, nutrient-poor snacks are associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the double burden of malnutrition, especially among poor communities. Aim To determine and compare the snacking preferences and consumption frequency of children and adults from a low SES community in South Africa. Setting A preschool, primary school, and an elderly centre in Gauteng. Methods A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 90 children (3-8 years) and 100 adults (≥ 18 years) to assess snack consumption frequency and preferences of children and adults by means of a snack survey. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the differences in preferences and snack consumption frequency of children and adults. Results The most preferred and consumed snacks included fruits, potato chips, corn chips, sweets, and cookies. Children frequently ate more potato chips (p < 0.001), corn chips (p < 0.001), cheese curls (p < 0.001), and muffins (p = 0.024) than adults. In contrast, adults frequently consumed more peanuts or nuts (p = 0.024), savoury biscuits (p = 0.048) and biltong (p < 0.001) than children. Conclusion Apart from fruits, the most preferred and frequently consumed snacks by the sample were highly processed snacks, which are low in fibre and high in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Contributions Findings from this study highlight current snack trends and can guide future nutrition education interventions on healthy snacking and in developing nutritious snacks for the South African community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope E Ibiyemi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States
| | - Wilna H Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, United States
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Magano NN, Tuorila H, De Kock HL. Food choice drivers at varying income levels in an emerging economy. Appetite 2023; 189:107001. [PMID: 37591447 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to explore and compare food choice drivers of low (LI), middle (MI) and high (HI) income urban people in an emerging economy (South Africa). Here, 13 focus group (FG) discussions [six LI, n = 36, 67% women; four MI, n = 22, 100% women and three HI, n = 17, 76% women; total n = 75) were transcribed, coded inductively and deductively and 17 food choice categories emerged. Eight of these, i.e., aspects related to: plant vs animal protein, food waste, food preparation, availability of resources, food exploration, social aspects and food spoilage, are not typically (e.g., sensory appeal, mood, health, convenience etc.) measured with established food choice questionnaires. Economic factors and Availability of food and resources were mentioned the most by LI participants compared to MI and HI. Whereas, Health; Familiarity and Food exploration were mostly mentioned by MI and HI participants. This study yielded a mixture of individual and environment based motives which add to our understanding of the "why" aspects underlying food choice in an urban and emerging economy. The fact that these aspects are compared by income group provides interesting information on the similarities and differences of how the food choice process unfolds across varying income groups. The insights from this study are useful for the development of an updated, quantitative food choice questionnaire for application in this and other emerging economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomzamo N Magano
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hely Tuorila
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henrietta L De Kock
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Pan S, Lin Z, Yao T, Guo X, Xu T, Sheng X, Song X, Chen Z, Wei W, Yan Y, Hu Y. Global burden of non-communicable chronic diseases associated with a diet low in fruits from 1990 to 2019. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1202763. [PMID: 37693247 PMCID: PMC10491017 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1202763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the global burden of disease from non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) due to diet low in fruits from 1990 to 2019. Methods Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, the global burden of disease due to diet low in fruits was analyzed for each country or region, disaggregated by disease type, age, sex, and year. The number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), population attributable fraction (PAF), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) were calculated, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated to describe trends in ASMR and ASDR from 1990 to 2019. Results From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs due to diet low in fruits increased by 31.5 and 27.4%, respectively. Among the tertiary diseases, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes and kidney disease were the top three contributors to the global increase in deaths and DALYs. However, both ASMR and ASDR showed a decreasing trend. The fastest decline in ASMR and ASDR was in stroke, with AAPC of -2.13 (95% CI: -2.22, -2.05, p < 0.05) and -0.56 (95% CI: -0.62, -0.51, p < 0.05), respectively. For GBD regions, high PAF occurred mainly in South Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. Age-specific PAF for stroke and ischemic heart disease death attributable to diet low in fruits was significantly negatively associated with age. Diet low in fruits related ASMR and ASDR showed an M-shaped relationship with the socio-demographic index (SDI), but with an overall decreasing trend. Conclusion The number of deaths and DALYs due to diet low in fruits continues to increase. Therefore, early nutritional interventions should be implemented by the relevant authorities to reduce the burden of diseases caused by diet low in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Pan
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhihan Lin
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tongtong Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinyan Sheng
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xi Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zuhai Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wanting Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yizhong Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yunhua Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Lopes T, Zemlin AE, Sekgala MD, Mchiza ZJR, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP. The Association between Plant-Based Diets and Dietary Patterns with Cardiometabolic Risk in a Sample of Commercial Taxi Drivers in South Africa. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071789. [PMID: 37049628 PMCID: PMC10096944 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of unhealthy foods and a sedentary lifestyle predispose individuals to non-communicable diseases. This study investigated the distribution and the association of plant-based diets (PBDs) and dietary patterns in relation to the cardiometabolic risks in commercial taxi drivers. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among males (≥19 years) who consumed street foods sold by vendors in the Cape Metropole. A validated questionnaire was administered, including a quantified 24 h dietary recall, and fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the association between dietary habits and cardiometabolic risks, while adjusting for confounding variables. The analytic sample consisted of 189 males with a median age of 38 years. The taxi drivers who ranked in the top-third of the healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) had a 1–4% lower likelihood of having raised triglycerides (TG). Furthermore, consumption patterns including refined grains and meat conferred a 33% lower likelihood of dysglycaemia (p = 0.049), while fish/seafood, potatoes, and vegetables conferred a 43% greater likelihood of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.026) and 44% greater probability of raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.027). Consumption patterns, including sugar-sweetened beverages and eggs, conferred a 37% greater probability of hypertension (p = 0.047) and 53% greater likelihood of subclinical inflammation (p = 0.017). These preliminary findings require larger and more elaborate studies to explore the associations between PBDs and dietary patterns in at-risk African populations, with or without sedentary lifestyles, and exposure to unhealthy food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Lopes
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Annalise Edith Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Machoene Derrick Sekgala
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
- Human and Social Capabilities, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Rajiv Timothy Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Roomaney RA, van Wyk B, Pillay-van Wyk V. Multimorbidity in South Africa: Is the health system ready? JOURNAL OF MULTIMORBIDITY AND COMORBIDITY 2023; 13:26335565231182483. [PMID: 37342320 PMCID: PMC10278409 DOI: 10.1177/26335565231182483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Multimorbidity is likely to be a significant contributor to ill health and inequality in South Africa and yet has been largely overlooked. Purpose: This paper focuses on the findings of a recent large study that highlighted emerging issues - namely (i) the high levels of multimorbidity among three key groups - older adults, women, and the wealthy; (ii) discordant and concordant disease clusters among the multimorbid. Research Design: Narrative. Study Sample and Data Collection: Not applicable. Results: We discuss the implications of each emerging issue for health systems policy and practice. Conclusion: Although key policies are identified, many of these policies are not implemented and are therefore not part of routine practice, leaving much space for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifqah Abeeda Roomaney
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian van Wyk
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Victoria Pillay-van Wyk
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Mahopo TC, Nesamvuni CN, Nesamvuni AE, de Bryun M, van Niekerk J, Ambikapathi R. Operational Characteristics of Women Street Food Vendors in Rural South Africa. Front Public Health 2022; 10:849059. [PMID: 35910904 PMCID: PMC9326224 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To characterize the operations of the street food enterprise in the Vhembe district, focusing on business profile, sold foods, inputs, pricing, record-keeping practices and total running cost. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional face-to-face study of 511 vendors was done using a structured researcher-administered questionnaire comprising demographic and operational characteristics. Convenience sampling was used to choose the vending sites. Chi-square tests were conducted between four categorical variables (gender, age, marital status and citizenship) and operational characteristics. P-values were considered significant at p < 0.05. However, a Bonferroni adjustment decreased the significant value to p < 0.013. Results The findings highlight the dominance of single middle-aged (35–44) women (63.1%) with some high school education. About 14% migrated from Zimbabwe. Most vendors were owners (86.1%), with 70.0% in business for at least 1–10 years. Food sold included mielie pap (stiff porridge) served with beef or chicken, sometimes with vegetables. Plate prices were R40.00 (2.6 USD) for a full plate and R30.00 (2 USD) for half a plate. The typical street food consumers were government officials, middlemen, and schoolchildren. Social media such as Whatsapp were used to communicate between the street food vendors and customers. The results highlight poor managerial skills as only 15.5% kept records, most of which were sales records (59.5%). On average, street vendors made a monthly profit of R3200.00 (213 USD) while spending R1800.00 (120 USD) on daily running expenses. There were statistically significant variations in some operational characteristics of vendor variables and gender, age, marital status, and citizenship. Conclusions There is a need for capital and management for small businesses and food training for rural street food vendors. Therefore, government officials, policymakers, and NGOs could target street vendors to offer training and microfinance to improve their business skills while promoting food safety and consumption of nutritious foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjale Cloupas Mahopo
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Tjale Cloupas Mahopo
| | - Cebisa Noxolo Nesamvuni
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Nutrition, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Azwihangwisi Edward Nesamvuni
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Melanie de Bryun
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Johan van Niekerk
- Centre for Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development and Extension, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ramya Ambikapathi
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Sousa S, Lança de Morais I, Albuquerque G, Gelormini M, Casal S, Pinho O, Motta C, Damasceno A, Moreira P, Breda J, Lunet N, Padrão P. Patterns of Street Food Purchase in Cities From Central Asia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925771. [PMID: 35811986 PMCID: PMC9263728 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Street food makes a significant contribution to the diet of many dwellers in low- and middle-income countries and its trade is a well-developed activity in the central Asian region. However, data on its purchase and nutritional value is still scarce. This study aimed to describe street food purchasing patterns in central Asia, according to time and place of purchase. A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016/2017 in the main urban areas of four central Asian countries: Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan), Ashgabat (Turkmenistan) and Almaty (Kazakhstan). Street food markets (n = 34) and vending sites (n = 390) were selected by random and systematic sampling procedures. Data on the purchased foods and beverages were collected by direct observation. Time and geographic location of the purchases was registered, and their nutritional composition was estimated. A total of 714 customers, who bought 852 foods, were observed. Customers' influx, buying rate and purchase of industrial food were higher in city centers compared to the outskirts (median: 4.0 vs. 2.0 customers/10 min, p < 0.001; 5.0 vs. 2.0 food items/10 min, p < 0.001; 36.2 vs. 28.7%, p = 0.004). Tea, coffee, bread and savory pastries were most frequently purchased in the early morning, bread, main dishes and savory pastries during lunchtime, and industrial products in the mid-morning and mid-afternoon periods. Energy and macronutrient density was highest at 11:00–12:00 and lowest at 09:00–10:00. Purchases were smaller but more energy-dense in city centers, and higher in saturated and trans-fat in the peripheries. This work provides an overview of the street food buying habits in these cities, which in turn reflect local food culture. These findings from the main urban areas of four low- and middle-income countries which are currently under nutrition transition can be useful when designing public health interventions customized to the specificities of these food environments and their customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Lança de Morais
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gabriela Albuquerque
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programme, Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Life-Course, World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susana Casal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Motta
- Departamento de Alimentação e Nutrição, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Breda
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Athens, Greece
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Patrícia Padrão
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School Food Environment in Urban Zambia: A Qualitative Analysis of Drivers of Adolescent Food Choices and Their Policy Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127460. [PMID: 35742706 PMCID: PMC9224334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying context specific points for reforming policy to promote healthier food environments and consumer behavior in critical life stages like adolescence is crucial in addressing the double burden of malnutrition. Using a qualitative study design, we conducted 20 focus group discussions with grade 10 pupils from ten secondary schools in Lusaka. Turner’s framework which conceptualizes the food environment into two domains—the external domain (availability, pricing, vendor and product properties, and marketing and regulation of food) and the internal domain (accessibility, affordability, convenience, and desirability of food)—was used to guide thematic data analysis and results interpretation. Adolescents stated their food choices are largely based on personal preference linked to the need for social acceptability among peers. Adolescents felt their food choice is limited to ‘cheap junk foods’ which are affordable and readily available at school. Healthy foods like fruits were said to be inaccessible and unaffordable by the majority of adolescents. Some adolescents stated they were attracted to certain foods by adverts they see on TV and social media. School food environments in urban Lusaka do not support healthy food choices. Policy reforms are required to increase access to affordable healthy food options in schools, and to curb the indiscriminate marketing of unhealthy foods to adolescents.
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Sodium and Potassium Content of the Most Commonly Available Street Foods in Maputo, Mozambique. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050688. [PMID: 35267321 PMCID: PMC8909601 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Street foods can contribute largely for dietary sodium intake of populations in developing countries. We aimed to assess the variability in sodium and potassium composition of the most commonly available homemade street foods in Maputo city, capital of Mozambique. In a cross-sectional evaluation, researchers canvassed areas with 500-m diameter centered around 20 randomly selected public transport stops, identified all street food vending sites and, in randomly selected sites, purchased 56 samples of the most frequently available homemade foods. Samples were analyzed for sodium and potassium concentrations, using flame photometry. The 56 samples represented main dishes (45 samples of 12 types of food item), sandwiches (8 samples of 5 types of food item) and fried snacks (3 samples of 2 types of food item). Median contents (range), in mg/serving, were 921 (198 to 2525) of sodium and 385 (24 to 1140) of potassium. Median (range) of sodium to potassium molar ratio was 4.1 (1.3 to 41.5). One serving of main dishes was estimated to contribute from 32.1% to 99.9% of the recommended maximum daily sodium intake. The present study shows a large variability and potential for improvement in sodium and potassium contents of homemade foods frequently available in the streets of Maputo city.
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Clermont A, Sufra R, Pierre JL, Mourra MN, Fox EL, Rouzier V, Dade E, St-Preux S, Inddy J, Erline H, Obed FP, Yan LD, Metz M, Lee MH, Fitzgerald DW, Deschamps MM, Pape JW, McNairy ML. Dietary Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Low-Income Haitian Adults: Findings from a Population-Based Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:787. [PMID: 35215437 PMCID: PMC8880283 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor diets are responsible for a large burden of noncommunicable disease (NCD). The prevalence of modifiable dietary risk factors is rising in lower-income countries such as Haiti, along with increasing urbanization and shifts to diets high in sugar, salt, and fat. We describe self-reported dietary patterns (intake of fruits, vegetables, fried food, sugar-sweetened beverages, and added salt and oil) among a population-based cohort of low-income adults in Port-au-Prince and assess for associated sociodemographic factors (age, sex, income, education, body mass index). Among 2989 participants, the median age was 40 years, and 58.0% were women. Less than 1% met the World Health Organization recommendation of at least five servings/day of fruits and vegetables. Participants consumed fried food on average 1.6 days/week and sugar-sweetened beverages on average 4.7 days/week; young males of low socioeconomic status were the most likely to consume these dietary risk factors. The vast majority of participants reported usually or often consuming salt (87.1%) and oil (86.5%) added to their meals eaten at home. Our findings underscore the need for public health campaigns, particularly those targeting young males and household cooks preparing family meals at home, to improve dietary patterns in Haiti in order to address the growing NCD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Clermont
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
- MD Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rodney Sufra
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Jean Lookens Pierre
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Michelle Nour Mourra
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, S2005 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.N.M.); (E.L.F.)
| | - Elizabeth L. Fox
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, S2005 Schurman Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.N.M.); (E.L.F.)
| | - Vanessa Rouzier
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Eliezer Dade
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Stephano St-Preux
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Joseph Inddy
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Hilaire Erline
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Fleurijean Pierre Obed
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Lily D. Yan
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Miranda Metz
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Myung Hee Lee
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Daniel W. Fitzgerald
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
| | - Marie Marcelle Deschamps
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Jean W. Pape
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections (GHESKIO), 33 Boulevard Harry Truman, Port-au-Prince 6110, Haiti; (R.S.); (J.L.P.); (V.R.); (E.D.); (S.S.-P.); (J.I.); (H.E.); (F.P.O.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Margaret L. McNairy
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; (L.D.Y.); (M.M.); (M.H.L.); (D.W.F.); (J.W.P.); (M.L.M.)
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15
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Wiatrowski M, Czarniecka-Skubina E, Trafiałek J, Rosiak E. An Evaluation of the Hygiene Practices of Polish Street Food Vendors in Selected Food Trucks and Stands. Foods 2021; 10:2640. [PMID: 34828921 PMCID: PMC8622227 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, street food vending is becoming a dynamically developing food industry in Europe, including Poland. Lifestyle changes and socioeconomic factors, especially among young consumers, make it a convenient food alternative, even in countries without this tradition. The aim of the study was to evaluate hygiene conditions and practices in selected street food facilities in Poland. The study was carried out in accordance with an observation checklist developed on the basis of the hygienic requirements of the European Union. The study covered 550 randomly selected street food vendors in Poland in 10 cities. The hygiene of street food outlets was assessed in three aspects: ensuring proper production conditions, hygiene of production and distribution, and hygiene of personnel. The evaluation of street food outlets showed that the level of hygiene was not fully acceptable. A small percentage of the examined objects satisfactorily fulfilled the requirements of the production conditions, production and distribution hygiene, and staff hygiene. The proposed hygienic checklist for quick daily monitoring of street food outlets can be used to perform internal and external inspections. It seems that specific codes of conduct for European street foods facilities are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Str. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (J.T.); (E.R.)
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16
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Miller M, Oldewage-Theron W, Napier C. Eat clean and safe food: a food-based dietary guideline for the elderly in South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16070658.2021.1947040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Wilna Oldewage-Theron
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Carin Napier
- Department of Food and Nutrition Consumer Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for Longitudinal Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pradeilles R, Irache A, Wanjohi MN, Holdsworth M, Laar A, Zotor F, Tandoh A, Klomegah S, Graham F, Muthuri SK, Kimani-Murage EW, Coleman N, Green MA, Osei-Kwasi HA, Bohr M, Rousham EK, Asiki G, Akparibo R, Mensah K, Aryeetey R, Bricas N, Griffiths P. Urban physical food environments drive dietary behaviours in Ghana and Kenya: A photovoice study. Health Place 2021; 71:102647. [PMID: 34375838 PMCID: PMC8520917 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We identified factors in the physical food environment that influence dietary behaviours among low-income dwellers in three African cities (Nairobi, Accra, Ho). We used Photovoice with 142 males/females (≥13 years). In the neighbourhood environment, poor hygiene, environmental sanitation, food contamination and adulteration were key concerns. Economic access was perceived as a major barrier to accessing nutritionally safe and healthy foods. Home gardening supplemented household nutritional needs, particularly in Nairobi. Policies to enhance food safety in neighbourhood environments are required. Home gardening, food pricing policies and social protection schemes could reduce financial barriers to safe and healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pradeilles
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom.
| | - Ana Irache
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Michelle Holdsworth
- IRD (French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development), NUTRIPASS Unit, Université de Montpellier-IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Amos Laar
- University of Ghana, Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Francis Zotor
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Akua Tandoh
- University of Ghana, Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Senam Klomegah
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Fiona Graham
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nathaniel Coleman
- University of Ghana, Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mark A Green
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Marco Bohr
- School of Art & Design, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Emily K Rousham
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert Akparibo
- Public Health Section, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kobby Mensah
- Department of Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Richmond Aryeetey
- University of Ghana, Department of Population, Family & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nicolas Bricas
- UMR MOISA, CIRAD- Agricultural Research & International Cooperation Organization, Montpellier, France
| | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom
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Physical Activity Levels, Food Insecurity and Dietary Behaviours in Women from Soweto, South Africa. J Community Health 2021; 46:156-164. [PMID: 32562221 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Women in Soweto in their prime reproductive years (18-25 years) report being exposed to an obesogenic environment that makes it difficult to lead a healthy lifestyle. This study aimed to determine individual and community level predictors of these behaviours, as well as whether these behaviours were related to obesity status. Women (n = 1698) were recruited from their households as part of a survey study. Physical activity and sitting time was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Participants were asked how frequently they used street vendors in a normal month, and dietary practices in the home and food insecurity were assessed using a questionnaire. Height and weight were measured. Individual and community level predictors were included in a series of linear regressions with either activity behaviours, or dietary practices as the outcomes. BMI was then treated as the outcome in a multinomial logistics regression. The majority of participants were normal weight, yet 44% were overweight or obese. Most participants were meeting the physical activity guidelines, yet less than half participated in leisure time physical activity. Most participants were meeting the sitting time guidelines, yet TV time was high. Age was positively associated with being overweight (ß = 0.145, p < 0.01) or obese (ß = 0.179, p < 0.01). Street vendor use was negatively associated with being obese (ß = - 0.236, p < 0.05), as was the community area in which women lived (ß = - 0.1098, p < 0.05). Both physical activity and sedentary behaviours were positively associated with higher socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status was also negatively related to food insecurity and dietary behaviours. The environment in which young women live plays a significant role in the development of certain health behaviours, as well as in obesity prevalence.
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O’Halloran SA, Eksteen G, Polayya N, Ropertz M, Senekal M. The Food Environment of Primary School Learners in a Low-to-Middle-Income Area in Cape Town, South Africa. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062043. [PMID: 34203651 PMCID: PMC8232268 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid changes in food environments, where less nutritious foods have become cheaper and more accessible, have led to the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). The role food environments have played in shaping the DBM has attained global interest. There is a paucity of food environment research in low-to-middle-income countries. We conducted a case study of the food environments of school aged learners. A primary school in Cape Town was recruited. A multi-method design was used: a home food and eating behaviours questionnaire completed by 102 household respondents and four questions completed by 152 learners; learner participatory photography; a semi-structured school principal interview; a tuckshop inventory; observation of three-day tuckshop purchases. Foods that were commonly present in households: refined carbohydrates, fats/oils, chicken, processed meats, vegetables, fruit, legumes, snacks/drinks. Two thirds of households had rules about unhealthy drinks/snacks, ate supper together and in front of the TV, ate a home cooked meal five–seven times/week and ate breakfast together under two times/week. Vegetables were eaten under two times/week in 45% of households. A majority of learners (84%) took a lunchbox to school. Twenty-five learners photographed their food environment and 15 participated in semi-structured interviews. Six themes emerged: where to buy; what is available in the home; meal composition; family dynamics; peer engagement; food preparation. Items bought at informal food outlets included snacks, drinks and grocery staples. The principal interview revealed the establishment of a healthy school food environment, including a vegetable garden, although unhealthy snacks were sold at the tuckshop. Key dimensions of the food environment that require further investigation in disadvantaged urban and informal settlement areas include the home availability of unhealthy foods, eating behaviours in households and healthfulness of foods sold by informal food outlets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan A. O’Halloran
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Gabriel Eksteen
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Nadene Polayya
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Megan Ropertz
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa; (G.E.); (N.P.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Consumer Eating Behavior and Opinions about the Food Safety of Street Food in Poland. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020594. [PMID: 33670190 PMCID: PMC7916948 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Street food plays an increasingly important role in the nutrition of the inhabitants of European cities. Our study aimed to analyze Polish consumers’ attitudes toward food offered in street food outlets, consumers’ eating out behavior, and the factors that determine their choice of meals from street food vendors. A survey was conducted of 1300 adult respondents who eat street food in Poland. The research enabled a detailed and comprehensive assessment of consumer behavior toward the use of street food outlets, as well as consumer opinions on vendors’ functioning, including hygiene and meals offered. Factors determining the frequency of street food consumption, preferred food types, and factors influencing the use of such outlets were identified. The most important factors were the quality of services and meals, personal preferences and price. Using cluster analysis, consumer profiles based on the types of street food outlets and food preferred were identified. Four main street food consumer preference profiles were identified: ‘burger-enthusiasts’, ‘kebab-enthusiasts’ and ‘ice-cream enthusiasts’, and ‘no specific-oriented consumers’. The Internet and social media were identified as information and promotion channels for this form of gastronomy. Results also revealed Polish consumer behavior and opinions about the food safety of street food in Poland. In summary, in Poland the habits of eating typical Polish homemade dishes is being replaced by eating meals in street food outlets, which can be classified as fast food. Increasing consumer knowledge and awareness of the quality and safety of street food may counteract improper hygiene practices of sellers.
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Tozivepi SN, Takawira S, Chikaka E, Mundagowa P, Chadambuka EM, Mukora-Mutseyekwa F. The Nexus Between Adherence to Recommended Lifestyle Behaviors and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients at Mutare Provincial Hospital, Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:1027-1037. [PMID: 34040356 PMCID: PMC8140922 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s306885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between the achievement of blood pressure (BP) control and adherence to recommended lifestyle behaviors among hypertensive patients seen at Mutare Provincial Hospital, Zimbabwe. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using BP readings from three consecutive months. A structured interviewer-administered and pretested questionnaire with components derived from the World Health Organization Stepwise Survey was employed to extract information from 350 purposively selected participants. Measurement of BP was based on the Eighth Joint National Committee Guidelines. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed using the SPSS package. RESULTS The mean age of the 350 participants was 67±11.38 years. Males made up 35% of the participants and BP control was achieved in 41.4% of the patients. Only 5.1% of the participants reported adherence to all the recommended lifestyle behaviors. Low adherence rates were reported for diet, medication, and physical activity. Bivariate analysis showed that participants who adhered to antihypertensive treatment and alcohol recommendations had reduced odds of having uncontrolled hypertension, while consuming deep-fat fried foods ≥3 times a week was associated with higher odds of uncontrolled BP (p<0.1). Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who ate traditional whole-grain "sadza" or porridge were more likely to have controlled BP [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-2.5] while those who did not add salt at the table had reduced odds of having uncontrolled BP by 40% (AOR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9). CONCLUSION Overall, adherence to the recommended lifestyle behaviors which are known to be effective in controlling BP in Mutare was poor. Health workers should include comprehensive health education messages on the importance of compliance with dietary, medication, and physical exercise recommendations when counseling patients. The intervention crafting process should focus on identifying enablers of the recommended lifestyle behaviors in the community and the health delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha N Tozivepi
- Clinical Research Centre, Africa University, Mutare, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
| | - Simon Takawira
- Department of Health Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
| | - Elliot Chikaka
- Department of Health Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
| | - Paddington Mundagowa
- Clinical Research Centre, Africa University, Mutare, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe
- Correspondence: Paddington Mundagowa Africa University Clinical Research Center, 132 Herbert Chitepo Street, Mutare, ZimbabweTel +263 773 878 116 Email
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Thakwalakwa C, Flax VL, Phuka JC, Garcia H, Jaacks LM. Drivers of food consumption among overweight mother-child dyads in Malawi. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243721. [PMID: 33332387 PMCID: PMC7745992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the increase in overweight and obesity among mothers and children in sub-Saharan Africa, an understanding of the factors that drive their food consumption is needed. We hypothesized food consumption in Malawi is driven by a combination of factors, including season, food accessibility (area of residence, convenience of purchasing food, female autonomy), food affordability (household resources, food expenditures, household food insecurity), food desirability (taste preferences, body size preferences), demographics, and morbidity. Participants in Lilongwe and Kasungu Districts were enrolled across three types of mother-child dyads: either the mother (n = 120), child (n = 80), or both (n = 74) were overweight. Seven-day dietary intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire during the dry and rainy seasons. Drivers associated with intake of calories, macronutrients, and 11 food groups at p<0.1 in univariate models were entered into separate multivariate linear regression models for each dietary intake outcome. Mother-child dyads with an overweight child had a higher percent of calories from carbohydrates and lower percent of calories from fat compared to dyads with a normal weight child (both p<0.01). These mothers also had the highest intake of grains (p<0.01) and their children had the lowest intake of oil/fat (p = 0.01). Household food insecurity, maternal taste preferences, and maternal body size preferences were the most consistent predictors of food group consumption. Household food insecurity was associated with lower intake of grains, fruits, meat and eggs, oil/fat, and snacks. Maternal taste preferences predicted increased consumption of grains, legumes/nuts, vegetables, fish, and oil/fat. Maternal body size preferences for herself and her child were associated with consumption of grains, legumes/nuts, dairy, and sweets. Predictors of food consumption varied by season, across food groups, and for mothers and children. In conclusion, indicators of food affordability and desirability were the most common predictors of food consumption among overweight mother-child dyads in Malawi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie Thakwalakwa
- Centre for Social Research, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Valerie L. Flax
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John C. Phuka
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Harrison Garcia
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsay M. Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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van Zyl S, van Rooyen FC, Joubert G, Kruger WH, Walsh CM. A Comparison of the Socio-Behavioral-Metabolic Risk Profiles and Associated Factors for Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle in Urban and Rural Communities in Central South Africa. Front Public Health 2020; 8:570676. [PMID: 33178661 PMCID: PMC7596254 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.570676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The global escalating prevalence of lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases places a significant burden on health systems. Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are a group of diseases that share similar modifiable risk factors that can result in long-term disease processes. Considering the socio-behavioral-metabolic risk profiles of communities and risk factors predictive of the presence of CDL can assist in the development of focused and effective community-based prevention, intervention, and treatment programs for CDL. Aim: To determine the socio-behavioral-metabolic risk profiles and identify associated factors for the following CDL: obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural and urban communities in central South Africa. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included adults aged 25–65 years in the rural Southern Free State and urban Mangaung. Social determinants, behavioral and metabolic risk factors, and inflammatory biomarkers for CDL were determined. Results: In total, 575 rural (mean age: 42 years; 71% female) and 429 urban (mean age: 44 years; 76% female) participants were included in the study. More than 20% of participants in both communities reported being previously diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases; with reported hypertension and diabetes mellitus more prevalent among rural participants. Insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables, alcohol use, and high blood pressure were among the top five risk factors in both communities. Physical inactivity ranked among the top two risk factors in the urban community; while alcohol and tobacco use was significantly higher in the rural community. Fibrinogen was the most prevalent inflammatory marker in both communities (32.9 rural vs. 48.3% urban). High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), only available for rural participants, was high with increased levels in more than 80% of participants. In both communities, being female, having high blood pressure and increased fibrinogen levels were associated with obesity. Conclusion: This study illustrated the high prevalence of socio-behavioral-metabolic risk factors for CDL, and identified similarities and distinct differences in the risk profiles of rural and urban communities. Considering the CDL risk profiles of communities can assist in prioritizing health needs and contribute to the development of tailor-made community-based primary health care prevention, intervention, and health promotion programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanet van Zyl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Francios C van Rooyen
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gina Joubert
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Willem H Kruger
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Corinna M Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Contreras CPA, de Cassia Vieira Cardoso R, da Silva LNN, Cuello REG. Street Food, Food Safety, and Regulation: What is the Panorama in Colombia? J Food Prot 2020; 83:1345-1358. [PMID: 32221547 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Public management of street food is a challenge in many countries. In Colombia, despite the extent of the economic, social, and food contributions of the segment and the concern from the public health perspective, the amount of research on the subject still remains insufficient. Thus, this study aimed to establish a panorama of the street food trade in Colombia, considering its mode of operation, food security, and regulatory context, based on the scientific literature published between 2000 and 2018. A literature review was carried out in the Medline, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, Redalyc, and Google Scholar databases, as well as in the University of Colombia's institutional repositories and scientific books. A set of 19 publications were selected and evaluated for three dimensions-work and culture, food safety, and regulation-according to the objectives and methodologies applied. In category 1, relative to work and culture, five studies were retrieved (26.3%), highlighting the economic and social contribution of the sector and the protection of food cultural heritage. Category 2, referring to hygiene and microbiological safety in the activity, covers 11 publications (57.9%) and comprised the largest research field of interest in the country. Among the food pathogens surveyed, Salmonella spp. were the most investigated, registering nonconformity in the samples (6.55%). Category 3, with three articles (15.8%), covered public policies and regulation of the segment, highlighting the challenges to regulating the sector and the need for intersectional articulation in administrative policies. The results confirm both the relevance of the segment to food security and the concern with microbiological hazards, demanding strategies to improve its regulation and functioning in the country, with the aim of protecting the health of consumers. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia PatrÍcia Alvarez Contreras
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, S/N, Canela, CEP 40110-907, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-407X [C.P.A.C.])
| | - Ryzia de Cassia Vieira Cardoso
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, S/N, Canela, CEP 40110-907, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lis Nery Nunes da Silva
- Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Barão de Geremoabo, S/N, Ondina, CEP 40170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Emilio Gonzalez Cuello
- Engineering Faculty, University of Cartagena, Piedra de Bolívar, Avenida del Consulado, Calle 30, no. 48-157, Cartagena de Índias, Colombia
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Pattern and Extent of Street Food Consumption in Hohoe, Volta Region, Ghana: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7131847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. For most people in developing countries, street food is a major source of sustenance, and Ghana is no exception. Street food vending has seen tremendous growth in Ghana as a result of the insurgence of urbanisation. Despite being one of the largest sectors of national economy in terms of employment and sales of food, very little is known about street food consumption patterns in Ghana. The current study explored the patterns and extent of street food consumption in the Hohoe township. Methods. A cross-sectional design which recruited 403 subjects through a multistage sampling technique. A semistructured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, types of street foods, extent of street food consumption, safety concerns, and diversity of street foods patronised. Means, standard deviations, and Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between selected variables at <0.05 level of significance. Results. The top 5 foods mostly patronised by respondents are porridge foods-Koko (17.9%), rice and stew (17.4%), banku (12.6%), waakye (11.5%), and kenkey (8.7%) with porridge foods consumed almost on a daily basis. Convenience (37.2%) and affordability (17.1%) greatly influenced the choice of street foods among consumers. Occupation and the level of education are strongly correlated with the concern for safety of street foods {(X2 = 17.3094, P<0.008); (X2 = 17.1731, P<0.002)}. The dietary diversity score of most respondents was in the high tercile (77.7%) (≥6 food groups), whilst the cereals dominate the food group mostly consumed by respondents. Conclusion. The study suggests that patronising street food is very high in Hohoe municipality, irrespective of the gender, occupation, or educational level. As an “informal” sector of food business, street foods often escape formal inspection and control. They can, therefore, both be the source of food safety problems and contribute to the deterioration of environmental hygiene. This is a call on policy makers and regulators to take a critical look at the sector.
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Factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa: a systematic mapping review. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2584-2601. [PMID: 32450938 PMCID: PMC7116038 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019005305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To identify factors influencing dietary behaviours in urban food environments in Africa and identify areas for future research. Design: We systematically reviewed published/grey literature (protocol CRD4201706893). Findings were compiled into a map using a socio-ecological model on four environmental levels: individual, social, physical and macro. Setting: Urban food environments in Africa. Participants: Studies involving adolescents and adults (11–70 years, male/female). Results: Thirty-nine studies were included (six adolescent, fifteen adolescent/adult combined and eighteen adult). Quantitative methods were most common (twenty-eight quantitative, nine qualitative and two mixed methods). Studies were from fifteen African countries. Seventy-seven factors influencing dietary behaviours were identified, with two-thirds at the individual level (45/77). Factors in the social (11/77), physical (12/77) and macro (9/77) environments were investigated less. Individual-level factors that specifically emerged for adolescents included self-esteem, body satisfaction, dieting, spoken language, school attendance, gender, body composition, pubertal development, BMI and fat mass. Studies involving adolescents investigated social environment-level factors more, for example, sharing food with friends. The physical food environment was more commonly explored in adults, for example, convenience/availability of food. Macro-level factors associated with dietary behaviours were food/drink advertising, religion and food prices. Factors associated with dietary behaviour were broadly similar for men and women. Conclusions: The dominance of studies exploring individual-level factors suggests a need for research to explore how social, physical and macro-level environments drive dietary behaviours of adolescents and adults in urban Africa. More studies are needed for adolescents and men, and studies widening the geographical scope to encompass all African countries.
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Sseguya W, Matovu N, Swann J, Draper A. Contribution of street food to dietary intake of habitual urban consumers: A cross-sectional study in Kampala city, Uganda. Nutr Health 2020; 26:187-195. [PMID: 32329392 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020919629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Street food has continued to be a popular food source in the urban settings of developing countries and is proving to be a vital urban dietary source. However, its dietary contribution among urban populations is yet to be comprehensively understood. AIM To assess how street food contributes to the dietary intake of habitual street food consumers. METHODS We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among habitual street food consumers in Kampala city. We defined habitual intake as consumption of a serving of any street food for ≥2 days/week regardless of the food group and number of times it was consumed in a particular day. Questionnaires were used to capture quantitative data on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, 24-hour diet intake and 2-month street food consumption frequency. The Nutritics® diet analysis software version 4.3 and STATA version 13.0 were used for nutrient and statistical analyses respectively. RESULTS Street food contributed considerably to the daily intake of fat (49.1%), sodium (38.4%) and calcium (36.5%) and least towards the daily intake of vitamin A (11.3%). The majority of consumers opted for street food at breakfast (50%) whereas lunch and snacks featured the least for overall street food inclusion (all 20%). Overall, men demonstrated more dietary intake and inclusion at meals from street food than women. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a significant contribution of street food for urban consumers but men derive more benefit than women in terms of nutrient intake and inclusion of street food in meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenceslaus Sseguya
- St Francis Hospital Nsambya, Uganda.,University of Westminster, United Kingdom
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Isabirye N, Bukenya JN, Nakafeero M, Ssekamatte T, Guwatudde D, Fawzi W. Dietary diversity and associated factors among adolescents in eastern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:534. [PMID: 32306947 PMCID: PMC7169017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally adolescents constitute over 16% but in SSA, they make up 23% of the population. While little is known about diets of these adolescents, rapid changes in physiological and social processes undergone require adequate diets. This study aimed to determine dietary diversity and associated factors among adolescents residing in the Iganga -Mayuge HDSS. METHODS As part of the African Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network, we analysed collected data among 598 adolescents to assess the health status and adolescents' behaviour. Dietary diversity was scored using the 9 food group categories as per the Food and Agriculture Organization -WDDS. Crude and adjusted prevalence rate ratios were estimated using the modified Poisson regression model to identify associated factors. RESULTS Among the participants, 45.3% had a low dietary diversity score. Proportions of adolescents who consumed from the different food categories over a 24-h period were; cereals/roots/tubers (99.7%), fats & oils (87.0%), spices & beverages (84.1%), sweets (77.1%), legumes (66.2%), other non-vitamin A-rich vegetables (53.8%), dark green leafy vegetables (42.3%), meat/poultry/fish (33.1%), dairy products (32.9%), eggs (11.2%), vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables (33.4%) and other fruits (8.2%). Staying with a single parent or guardian, low socio-economic class, and dependency on home meals was associated with low dietary diversity. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents diets were low in diversity and characterised with low micronutrients source foods, but plenty of fats and oils. Interventions to address contributing factors to the burden ought to target the parenting contexts of the adolescents residing in rural eastern Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Isabirye
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Mary Nakafeero
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Guwatudde
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wafaie Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, USA
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Mapping Obesogenic Food Environments in South Africa and Ghana: Correlations and Contradictions. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11143924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, urbanisation and food systems change contribute to rapid dietary transitions promoting obesity. It is unclear to what extent these changes are mediated by neighbourhood food environments or other factors. This paper correlates neighbourhood food provision with household consumption and poverty in Khayelitsha, South Africa and Ahodwo, Ghana. Georeferenced survey data of food consumption and provision were classified by obesity risk and protection. Outlets were mapped, and density and distribution correlated with risk classes. In Khayelitsha, 71% of households exceeded dietary obesity risk thresholds while 16% consumed protective diets. Obesogenic profiles were less (26%) and protective more prevalent (23%) in Ahodwo despite greater income poverty in Khayelitsha. Here, income-deprived households consumed significantly (p < 0.005) less obesogenic and protective diets. Small informal food outlets dominated numerically but supermarkets were key household food sources in Khayelitsha. Although density of food provision in Ahodwo was higher (76/km2), Khayelitsha outlets (61/km2) provided greater access to obesogenic (57% Khayelitsha; 39% Ahodwo) and protective (43% Khayelitsha; 16% Ahodwo) foods. Consumption and provision profiles correlate more strongly in Ahodwo than Khayelitsha (rKhayelitsha = 0.624; rAhodwo = 0.862). Higher obesogenic food consumption in Khayelitsha suggests that risky food environments and poverty together promote obesogenic diets.
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Sousa S, Gelormini M, Damasceno A, Lopes SA, Maló S, Chongole C, Muholove P, Casal S, Pinho O, Moreira P, Lunet N, Padrão P. Street food in Maputo, Mozambique: Availability and nutritional value of homemade foods. Nutr Health 2019; 25:37-46. [PMID: 30522397 DOI: 10.1177/0260106018816427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A nutrition transition is occurring in the urban areas of developing countries, where street food makes an important contribution to daily food intake. AIM: We aimed to characterise street food offer in Maputo, Mozambique, and to evaluate the nutritional composition of the most common homemade foods. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. Streets in the surroundings (500 m buffer) of randomly selected public transport stops in KaMpfumu district, Maputo, were canvassed to identify all street food vending sites ( n = 968). Information regarding vending site characteristics and the food offered was gathered through interview and observation. Samples ( n = 80) of the most common homemade foods were collected for laboratorial analysis. RESULTS: Most street food vending sites identified were stationary (77.4%) and sold exclusively industrial food (51.9%). Frequency of fruit, beverages and food other than fruit was 24.5%, 32.5% and 73.9%, respectively. Fried cakes were the most energy-dense (430 kcal/100 g), and richest in fats (21.0g/100 g) and carbohydrates (53.4 g/100 g). The richest sources of protein were the stewed meat/fish/liver dishes (10.7-11.6 g/100 g). Fried cakes showed the lowest sodium and potassium content (90 mg/100 g and 81 mg/100 g, respectively) whereas hamburgers exhibited the highest content of those micronutrients (455 mg/100 g and 183 mg/100 g, respectively). Stewed liver dishes presented the highest sodium/potassium ratio (11.95). Fried snacks presented the highest trans-fatty acid content (0.20 g/100 g). CONCLUSIONS: Street food in Maputo is abundant and scattered throughout the urban district, exhibiting high variability in the nutritional composition of homemade foods. Public health policies should be targeted to improve the street food offer, promoting nutrient-dense foods and the reduction of added salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- 1 Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 2 EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- 3 Agência Italiana para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- 4 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- 5 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Simão A Lopes
- 6 Departamento de Matemática e Informática, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sérgio Maló
- 7 Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Célia Chongole
- 7 Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Paulino Muholove
- 7 Departamento de Geografia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Susana Casal
- 2 EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 8 Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 9 REQUIMTE - Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pinho
- 1 Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 9 REQUIMTE - Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- 1 Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 2 EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 10 Centro de Investigação em Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- 2 EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 5 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- 1 Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- 2 EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Onipe OO, Beswa D, Jideani VA, Jideani AIO. Development of a low-fat, high-fibre snack: effect of bran particle sizes and processing conditions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01364. [PMID: 30957045 PMCID: PMC6431739 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of fine and medium wheat bran (WB) particle sizes on process and quality parameters of a cereal fried dough (magwinya) was investigated. Magwinya is a snack that resembles, but different from doughnut and it is commonly consumed in most Sub-Saharan African countries. The effect of WB, fermentation and frying time was investigated on weight, diameter, volume, colour, hardness, fat, ash, and moisture, contents of magwinya. Further investigation on mineral and fibre contents as well as the consumer acceptance of optimised samples was also carried out. Predictive models were generated from responses with all lack of fit values >0.1, R2 values ≤0.99 and desirability function of 0.82 and 0.78 for fine and medium WB, respectively. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values for fat and ash was found. The linear, quadratic and interaction effects of process variables significantly (p < 0.05) increased ash, hardness, lightness and moisture and reduced volume and fat content of magwinya. incorporation of 15 g WB, dough fermentation time of 71.66 min (fine WB) and 76.43 min (medium WB) and 3 min frying time significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fat content of magwinya by 44.96% and 22.92%, respectively, and increased ash by 50.41% and 54.20%, respectively. Fine WB resulted in the least fat content while medium WB increased the ash and minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Oladayo Onipe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa
| | - Daniso Beswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, Gauteng Province, South Africa
| | - Victoria Adaora Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, PO Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Western Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Afam Israel Obiefuna Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo Province, South Africa
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Abrahale K, Sousa S, Albuquerque G, Padrão P, Lunet N. Street food research worldwide: a scoping review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 32:152-174. [DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Abrahale
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - S. Sousa
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - G. Albuquerque
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - P. Padrão
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição; Alimentação da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - N. Lunet
- EPIUnit - Unidade de Investigação em Epidemiologia; Instituto de Saúde Pública; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Sousa S, Damasceno A, Gelormini M, Jessen N, Lunet N, Padrão P. Powdered chicken stock may be an important source of dietary sodium intake in Maputo, Mozambique. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:659-660. [PMID: 28977456 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende, n° 702, Maputo, Mozambique.,Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcello Gelormini
- Agência Italiana de Cooperação para o desenvolvimento, Rua Damião de Góis, 381, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Neusa Jessen
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende, n° 702, Maputo, Mozambique.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, Porto, Portugal
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Sanlier N, Sezgin AC, Sahin G, Yassibas E. A study about the young consumers' consumption behaviors of street foods. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:1647-1656. [PMID: 29768617 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018235.17392016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As in almost every country in the world, street foods are frequently used in Turkey. To determine the preferences for these foods, a questionnaire was given to 847 individuals constituted by randomly selected high school and university students. Of the participants, 43.4% were male and 56.6% were female; the majority of them were between 19 and 22 years of age. It was found that 40.1% of the young people ate street food 2-3 times per week, whereas 23.3% were found to eat it every day. Turkish bagels, döner, boiled corn in a cup and toast are most preferred street foods. A statistically significant negative correlations were found between consumption preference scores and education, gender, and age. Although consumers know that street foods can cause contamination with microorganisms, that sellers do not pay attention to hygiene, and that these foods are raw or not cooked well, they prefer because of their cheapness, deliciousness, variety and fast service. Street foods are widely consumed in Turkish young students and because of preventing food poisoning, they should be educated about food hygiene and safety. Also, educating vendors in personal hygiene and good manufacture practice can minimize contamination risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University. Rektörlüğü Teknik okullari, 06560 Yenimahalle Besevler. Ankara Turkey.
| | - Aybuke Ceyhun Sezgin
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Gazi University. Ankara Turkey
| | - Gulsah Sahin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University. Rektörlüğü Teknik okullari, 06560 Yenimahalle Besevler. Ankara Turkey.
| | - Emine Yassibas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University. Rektörlüğü Teknik okullari, 06560 Yenimahalle Besevler. Ankara Turkey.
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Hill J, Mchiza Z, Puoane T, Steyn NP. Food sold by street-food vendors in Cape Town and surrounding areas: a focus on food and nutrition knowledge as well as practices related to food preparation of street-food vendors. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2018.1434104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hill
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Parowvalley, South Africa
| | - Zandile Mchiza
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Thandi Puoane
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Nelia P. Steyn
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Dietary Habits and Eating Practices and Their Association with Overweight and Obesity in Rural and Urban Black South African Adolescents. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020145. [PMID: 29382137 PMCID: PMC5852721 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences/similarities in dietary habits and eating practices between younger and older, rural and urban South African adolescents in specific environments (home, community and school) and their associations with overweight and obesity. Dietary habits, eating practices, and anthropometric measurements were performed on rural (n = 392, mean age = 13 years) and urban (n = 3098, mean age = 14 years) adolescents. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between dietary habits and eating practices, with overweight and obesity risk. Differences in dietary habits and eating practices by gender and by site within the three environments were identified. After adjusting for gender, site, dietary habits, and eating practices within the home, community and school environment, eating the main meal with family some days (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.114-2.835; p ≤ 0.02), eating the main meal with family almost every day (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.106-2.343; p ≤ 0.01), and irregular frequency of consuming breakfast on weekdays (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.007-1.896; p ≤ 0.05) were all associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. For "Year 15" adolescents, irregular frequency of consuming breakfast on weekends within the home environment (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.099-2.129, p ≤ 0.01), was associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. For both early- and mid-adolescents, being male (OR = 0.401, 95% CI = 0.299-0.537; p ≤ 0.00; OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.218-0.397; p ≤ 0.00) was associated with reduced risk of overweight and obesity, while residing in a rural setting (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.324-0.924; p ≤ 0.02) was associated with reduced risk of overweight and obesity only among early-adolescents. Only dietary habits and eating practices within the home environment were associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity.
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Hu P, Wu T, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Lu L, Zeng H, Shi ZM, Sharma M, Xun L, Zhao Y. Association between Eating Out and Socio-Demographic Factors of University Students in Chongqing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111322. [PMID: 29084159 PMCID: PMC5707961 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
(1) Objective: We aimed to explore the current situation of eating out and the association with socio-demographic factors of university students in Chongqing, China. (2) Methods: We used self-administered questionnaires to collect information. There are 14 universities in Chongqing; four (Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing University, Chongqing Normal University, and Chongqing University of Science & Technology) were randomly selected. In each selected university, two disciplines were randomly selected. (3) Results: 4595 university students participated in the study. The frequency of eating out was relatively high. The frequency of eating out among females was higher than that among males during weekdays. The two main reasons for eating out were having an opportunity to meet friends (56.0%) and improving diet (39.6%). Bistros (61.7%) and hot-pot restaurants (41.1%) were the favorite places for eating out. Only 36.0% of the participants said they considered nutrition and food safety when selecting restaurants. The majority of the participants demonstrated a high demand for nutrition and food safety knowledge when eating out (77.7%). (4) Conclusions: The higher the monthly living expenses were, the higher the frequency of eating out was. An intervention strategy to reduce the frequency or change the behavior of eating out should be formulated by considering the students’ perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Chengdu Blood Center, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lu Lu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Huan Zeng
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Zu-Min Shi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Behavioral & Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA.
| | - Lei Xun
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
- The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Policy for the complex burden of malnutrition in Africa: a research agenda to bring consumers and supply chains together. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:1135-1139. [PMID: 28004620 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Haggblade S, Duodu KG, Kabasa JD, Minnaar A, Ojijo NKO, Taylor JRN. Emerging Early Actions to Bend the Curve in Sub-Saharan Africa's Nutrition Transition. Food Nutr Bull 2016; 37:219-41. [PMID: 27036627 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116637723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa is the last region to undergo a nutrition transition and can still avoid its adverse health outcomes. OBJECTIVE The article explores emerging responses to "bend the curve" in sub-Saharan Africa's nutrition transition to steer public health outcomes onto a healthier trajectory. METHODS Early responses in 3 countries at different stages of food system transformation are examined: South Africa-advanced, Ghana-intermediate, and Uganda-early. By comparing these with international experience, actions are proposed to influence nutrition and public health trajectories as Africa's food systems undergo rapid structural change. RESULTS Arising from rapid urbanization and diet change, major public health problems associated with overweight are taking place, particularly in South Africa and among adult women. However, public health responses are generally tepid in sub-Saharan Africa. Only in South Africa have policy makers instituted extensive actions to combat overweight and associated noncommunicable diseases through regulation, education, and public health programs. Elsewhere, in countries in the early and middle stages of transition, public health systems continue to focus their limited resources primarily on undernutrition. Related pressures on the supply side of Africa's food systems are emerging that also need to be addressed. CONCLUSIONS Three types of intervention appear most feasible: maternal and child health programs to simultaneously address short-term undernutrition problems while at the same time helping to reduce future tendencies toward overweigh; regulatory and fiscal actions to limit access to unhealthy foods; and modernization of Africa's agrifood food system through job skills training, marketing reforms, and food industry entrepreneurship.
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Galván-Salazar HR, Arreola-Cruz A, Madrigal-Pérez D, Soriano-Hernández AD, Guzman-Esquivel J, Montes-Galindo DA, López-Flores RA, Espinoza-Gomez F, Rodríguez-Sanchez IP, Newton-Sanchez OA, Lara-Esqueda A, Martinez-Fierro ML, Briseño-Gomez XG, Delgado-Enciso I. Association of Milk and Meat Consumption with the Development of Breast Cancer in a Western Mexican Population. Breast Care (Basel) 2015; 10:393-6. [PMID: 26989358 DOI: 10.1159/000442230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a public health problem and it is the most common gynecologic neoplasia worldwide. The risk factors for its development are of both hereditary and environmental origin. Certain foods have been clearly associated with modifying the breast cancer risk. The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the effects of cow's milk and meat consumption on the development of breast cancer in a population from Western Mexico (Colima). MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 97 patients presenting with a histopathologic diagnosis of breast cancer and 104 control individuals who did not present with the disease (Breast Imaging Report and Data System (BI-RADS) 1-2). 80% of the population belonged to a low socioeconomic stratum. The main clinical characteristics were analyzed along with the lifetime consumption of meat and milk. RESULTS High milk consumption increased the breast cancer risk by 7.2 times (p = 0.008) whereas the consumption of meat was not significantly associated with the disease. CONCLUSIONS High consumption of cow's milk was a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of dietary patterns on the development of breast cancer in diverse populations with ethnic, cultural, and economic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector R Galván-Salazar
- Instituto Estatal de Cancerologıa, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Colima, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Madrigal-Pérez
- Instituto Estatal de Cancerologıa, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Colima, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
| | - Alejandro D Soriano-Hernández
- Instituto Estatal de Cancerologıa, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Colima, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Delgado-Enciso
- Instituto Estatal de Cancerologıa, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Colima, Mexico; School of Medicine, University of Colima, Mexico
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Gelormini M, Damasceno A, Lopes SA, Maló S, Chongole C, Muholove P, Casal S, Pinho O, Moreira P, Padrão P, Lunet N. Street Food Environment in Maputo (STOOD Map): a Cross-Sectional Study in Mozambique. JMIR Res Protoc 2015; 4:e98. [PMID: 26245231 PMCID: PMC4705368 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Street food represents a cultural, social, and economic phenomenon that is typical of urbanized areas, directly linked with a more sedentary lifestyle and providing a very accessible and inexpensive source of nutrition. Food advertising may contribute to shaping consumers' preferences and has the potential to drive the supply of specific foods. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to characterize the street food offerings available to the urban population of Maputo, the capital city of Mozambique, and the billboard food advertising in the same setting. METHODS People selling ready-to-eat foods, beverages, or snacks from venues such as carts, trucks, stands, and a variety of improvised informal setups (eg, shopping carts, trunks of cars, sides of vans, blankets on the sidewalk, etc) will be identified in the district of KaMpfumu. We will gather information about the actual food being sold through direct observation and interviews to vendors, and from the billboard advertising in the same areas. A second phase of the research entails collecting food samples to be analyzed in a specialized laboratory. The street food environment will be characterized, overall and according to socioeconomic and physical characteristics of the neighborhood, using descriptive statistics and spatial analysis. The study protocol was approved by the National Committee for Bioethics for Health in Mozambique. RESULTS Data collection, including the identification of street food vending sites and billboard advertising, started on October 20, 2014, and lasted for 1 month. The collection of food samples took place in December 2014, and the bromatological analyses are expected to be concluded in August 2015. CONCLUSIONS The district of KaMpfumu is the wealthiest and most urbanized in Maputo, and it is the area with the highest concentration and variety of street food vendors. The expected results may yield important information to assess the nutritional environment and the characteristics of the foods to which a great majority of the urban population living or working in Maputo are exposed. Furthermore, this study protocol provides a framework for a stepwise standardized characterization of the street food environment, comprising 3 steps with increasing complexity and demand for human and technical resources: Step 1 consists of the evaluation of food advertising in the streets; Step 2 includes the identification of street food vendors and the characterization of the products available; and Step 3 requires the collection of food samples for bromatological analyses. This structured approach to the assessment of the street food environment may enable within-country and international comparisons as well as monitoring of temporal trends.
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Oranusi S, Dahunsi SO. Preliminary study on hazards and critical control points of kokoro, a Nigerian indigenous fermented maize snack. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:253. [PMID: 26090302 PMCID: PMC4467818 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The microbial and proximate composition of an indigenous snack from fermented maize was investigated. Critical control points of milling the raw materials, fermentation pH, processing temperature and time intervals during holdings in processing and storage were evaluated with a view to optimizing the product. The mean total aerobic plate count (TAPC) log10 values for samples of the finished products range from 2.07 ± 0.50 to 4.36 ± 0.10 cfu/g. Mean fungi count log10 was 2.00 ± 0.00 to 3.50 ± 0.50 while mean coliform count 1.04 ± 0.10 log10 cfu/g was detected in one of the sales outlets investigated. Bacterial and fungal species were isolated belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Cephalosporium, Alternaria, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Enterobacter. The moisture content of the samples ranged from 3.41 to 6.75%; fat content was 19.68 to 32.59%; fiber content was 1.84 to 2.78% while protein ranged from 6.76 to 9.23%. The ash and carbohydrate contents ranged from 1.97 to 2.31% and 49.21 to 61.96%, respectively. Based on the specifications by International Commission for Microbiological Specification for Foods (ICMSF), the TAPC counts of the finished products remained at low levels. However, presence of coliforms could prejudice the hygienic quality of these types of products hence, the need for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oranusi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - S O Dahunsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State Nigeria
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Libman K, Freudenberg N, Sanders D, Puoane T, Tsolekile L. The role of urban food policy in preventing diet-related non-communicable diseases in Cape Town and New York. Public Health 2015; 129:327-35. [PMID: 25731129 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cities are important settings for production and prevention of non-communicable diseases. This article proposes a conceptual framework for identification of opportunities to prevent diet-related non-communicable diseases in cities. It compares two cities, Cape Town in South Africa and New York City in the United States, to illustrate municipal, regional, national and global influences in three policy domains that influence NCDs: product formulation, shaping retail environments and institutional food practices, domains in which each city has taken action. STUDY DESIGN Comparative case study. METHODS Critical analysis of selected published studies and government and non-governmental reports on food policies and systems in Cape Town and New York City. RESULTS While Cape Town and New York City differ in governance, history and culture, both have food systems that make unhealthy food more available in low-income than higher income neighborhoods; cope with food environments in which unhealthy food is increasingly ubiquitous; and have political economies dominated by business and financial sectors. New York City has more authority and resources to take on local influences on food environments but neither city has made progress in addressing deeper social determinants of diet-related NCDs including income inequality, child poverty and the disproportionate political influence of wealthy elites. CONCLUSIONS Through their intimate connections with the daily lives of their residents, municipal governments have the potential to shape environments that promote health. Identifying the specific opportunities to prevent diet-related NCDs in a particular city requires intersectoral and multilevel analyses of the full range of influences on food environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Libman
- University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; The City University of New York School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
| | - N Freudenberg
- University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; The City University of New York School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - D Sanders
- University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; The City University of New York School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
| | - T Puoane
- University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; The City University of New York School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
| | - L Tsolekile
- University of the Western Cape School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa; The City University of New York School of Public Health and Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
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Mamabolo RL, Sparks M, Moss SJ, Monyeki MA. The association between dyslipidemia and anthropometric indicators in black and white adolescents residing in Tlokwe Municipality, North-West Province, South Africa: the PAHL study. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:929-38. [PMID: 25834504 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dyslipidemia associated with excess weight is a risk for cardiovascular disease. Worldwide and in South Africa adolescent obesity has been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine the association between dyslipidemia and anthropometric indices in black and white adolescents. METHODS The study involved 129 black and 69 white adolescents aged 12 to 16 years. Data collected included height, weight, waist circumference (WC) and skinfolds, blood pressure and blood for glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (Trig) and C - reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS WC correlated negatively with HDL in both blacks (p=0.042) and whites (p=0.008) and in whites it correlated positively with LDL (p=0.006); TC/HDL (p=<0.001) and LDL/HDL ratio (p<0.0001). WC/Hgt correlated negatively with HDL (p=0.028) and positively with LDL/HDL (p=0.026 and p<0.0001) in both races. In whites positive correlations were between WC/Hgt and TC (p=0.049); LDL (p=0.003) and TC/HDL (p<0.0001). BAZ correlated positively with TC/HDL ratio (p=0.004) and LDL/HDL ratio (p=0.002). The most common abnormalities were HDL and LDL. CONCLUSION Whites exhibited more associations between dyslipidemia and anthropometric indicators as compared to Blacks, suggesting that there might be differences in the lipid metabolism or even susceptibility to risk factors in adolescents.
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Oguttu JW, McCrindle CM, Makita K, Grace D. Investigation of the food value chain of ready-to-eat chicken and the associated risk for staphylococcal food poisoning in Tshwane Metropole, South Africa. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Whitton C, Ma Y, Bastian AC, Fen Chan M, Chew L. Fast-food consumers in Singapore: demographic profile, diet quality and weight status. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1805-13. [PMID: 23905623 PMCID: PMC10282443 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013001997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the demographic profile of fast-food consumers among adult Singapore residents and ascertain whether fast-food consumption frequency is associated with diet quality and weight status. DESIGN A nationally representative cross-sectional survey including an FFQ and anthropometric measures. Participants were grouped based on their fast-food consumption frequency as non-consumer, occasional consumer or regular consumer, with regular defined as at least once per week. SETTING Individuals living in the community in Singapore. SUBJECTS Singapore residents (n 1627) aged 18-69 years of Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicity. RESULTS Proportions of regular fast-food consumers were higher in younger age groups, higher income groups and middle education level groups. Mean daily energy intake was positively associated with fast-food consumption frequency (non-consumers 9636 kJ (2303 kcal); occasional consumers 11 159 kJ (2667 kcal); regular consumers 13 100 kJ (3131 kcal); P for trend < 0·001). Fast-food consumers were more likely to exceed the RDA for energy, fat and saturated fat, and less likely to meet wholegrain and fruit recommendations. Both regular consumers (OR = 1·24; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·51) and occasional consumers (OR = 1·52; 95 % CI 1·32, 1·77) were more likely to have a waist:hip ratio indicating abdominal obesity. Occasional consumers were more likely to have a BMI ≥ 23·0 kg/m2 (OR = 1·19; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·37), whereas regular consumers were less likely (OR = 0·76; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·91) to have an 'at-risk' BMI. CONCLUSIONS Fast-food consumption is most prevalent in young adults, high income and middle education level groups. Frequent fast-food consumption in Singapore is associated with unfavourable dietary and nutrient profiles and abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Whitton
- Research and Evaluation Department, Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168937
| | - Yi Ma
- Research and Evaluation Department, Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168937
| | - Amber Carla Bastian
- Centre of Excellence (Nutrition), Adult Health Division, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
| | - Mei Fen Chan
- Research and Evaluation Department, Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, 3 Second Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168937
| | - Ling Chew
- Research and Strategic Planning Division, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
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Steyn NP, Mchiza Z, Hill J, Davids YD, Venter I, Hinrichsen E, Opperman M, Rumbelow J, Jacobs P. Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:1363-74. [PMID: 23680029 PMCID: PMC10282211 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review studies examining the nutritional value of street foods and their contribution to the diet of consumers in developing countries. DESIGN The electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Proquest Health and Science Direct were searched for articles on street foods in developing countries that included findings on nutritional value. RESULTS From a total of 639 articles, twenty-three studies were retained since they met the inclusion criteria. In summary, daily energy intake from street foods in adults ranged from 13 % to 50 % of energy and in children from 13 % to 40 % of energy. Although the amounts differed from place to place, even at the lowest values of the percentage of energy intake range, energy from street foods made a significant contribution to the diet. Furthermore, the majority of studies suggest that street foods contributed significantly to the daily intake of protein, often at 50 % of the RDA. The data on fat and carbohydrate intakes are of some concern because of the assumed high contribution of street foods to the total intakes of fat, trans-fat, salt and sugar in numerous studies and their possible role in the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Few studies have provided data on the intake of micronutrients, but these tended to be high for Fe and vitamin A while low for Ca and thiamin. CONCLUSIONS Street foods make a significant contribution to energy and protein intakes of people in developing countries and their use should be encouraged if they are healthy traditional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelia Patricia Steyn
- Centre for the Study of Social and Environmental Determinants of Nutrition, Population Health, Health Systems and Innovation, Human Sciences Research Council, PO Bag X9182, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Zandile Mchiza
- Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jillian Hill
- Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Unit, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yul Derek Davids
- Democracy, Governance and Service Delivery, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Irma Venter
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Enid Hinrichsen
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maretha Opperman
- Functional Foods Research Unit, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Julien Rumbelow
- Centre for Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators (CeSTII), Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Jacobs
- Economic Performance and Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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Drimie S, Faber M, Vearey J, Nunez L. Dietary diversity of formal and informal residents in Johannesburg, South Africa. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:911. [PMID: 24088249 PMCID: PMC3851006 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper considers the question of dietary diversity as a proxy for nutrition insecurity in communities living in the inner city and the urban informal periphery in Johannesburg. It argues that the issue of nutrition insecurity demands urgent and immediate attention by policy makers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was undertaken for households from urban informal (n = 195) and urban formal (n = 292) areas in Johannesburg, South Africa. Foods consumed by the respondents the previous day were used to calculate a Dietary Diversity Score; a score < 4 was considered low. Results Statistical comparisons of means between groups revealed that respondents from informal settlements consumed mostly cereals and meat/poultry/fish, while respondents in formal settlements consumed a more varied diet. Significantly more respondents living in informal settlements consumed a diet of low diversity (68.1%) versus those in formal settlements (15.4%). When grouped in quintiles, two-thirds of respondents from informal settlements fell in the lowest two, versus 15.4% living in formal settlements. Households who experienced periods of food shortages during the previous 12 months had a lower mean DDS than those from food secure households (4.00 ± 1.6 versus 4.36 ± 1.7; p = 0.026). Conclusions Respondents in the informal settlements were more nutritionally vulnerable. Achieving nutrition security requires policies, strategies and plans to include specific nutrition considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Drimie
- Human Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Avenue, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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Hiamey SE, Amuquandoh FE, Boison GA. Are we indeed what we eat? Street food consumption in the Market Circle area of Takoradi, Ghana. Nutr Health 2013; 22:215-235. [PMID: 26341743 DOI: 10.1177/0260106015599482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper examines street foods consumption in the Market Circle of Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana. The data used for the study were obtained from individuals who were either purchasing or consuming street foods in the Market Circle in August of 2011. The results revealed that the average consumer makes use of street foods six times in a week and there was a penchant for carbohydrate based foods over other types of street foods. Reasons including cost saving, convenience and eating on credit were noted to underlie the consumption of street foods in the area. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the high consumption of street foods in the Market Circle was for reasons other than nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Edem Hiamey
- Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis Eric Amuquandoh
- Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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