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Jena R, Choudhury PK. Bifidobacteria in Fermented Dairy Foods: A Health Beneficial Outlook. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10189-w. [PMID: 37979040 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria, frequently present in the human gastrointestinal tract, play a crucial role in preserving gut health and are mostly recognized as beneficial probiotic microorganisms. They are associated with fermenting complex carbohydrates, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids, bioactive peptides, exopolysaccharides, and vitamins, which provide energy and contribute to gut homeostasis. In light of these findings, research in food processing technologies has harnessed probiotic bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria for the formulation of a wide range of fermented dairy products, ensuring their maximum survival and contributing to the development of distinctive quality characteristics and therapeutic benefits. Despite the increased interest in probiotic dairy products, introducing bifidobacteria into the dairy food chain has proved to be complicated. However, survival of Bifidobacterium species is conditioned by strain of bacteria used, metabolic interactions with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), fermentation parameters, and the temperature of storage and preservation of the dairy products. Furthermore, fortification of dairy foods and whey beverages with bifidobacteria have ability to change physicochemical and rheological properties beyond economic value of dairy products. In summary, this review underscores the significance of bifidobacteria as probiotics in diverse fermented dairy foods and accentuates their positive impact on human health. By enhancing our comprehension of the beneficial repercussions associated with the consumption of bifidobacteria-rich products, we aim to encourage individuals to embrace these probiotics as a means of promoting holistic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Jena
- Department of Dairy Technology, School of Agricultural and Bioengineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Choudhury
- Department of Dairy Technology, School of Agricultural and Bioengineering, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, Odisha, 761211, India.
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2
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Dahiya D, Nigam PS. Nutraceuticals Prepared with Specific Strains of Probiotics for Supplementing Gut Microbiota in Hosts Allergic to Certain Foods or Their Additives. Nutrients 2023; 15:2979. [PMID: 37447306 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain nutrients cause discomfort, sensitivity reaction, and an intolerance for certain foods or their ingredients when ingested by some consumers. Food reactions and gut inflammation-related problems are increasing worldwide. The primary form of management would be the avoidance of such foods, followed by treatment of their symptoms. Adopting a nutritional-therapeutic approach and establishing practices for the inclusion of functional foods and nutraceuticals in the diet could improve the ecology of gut microbiota and alleviate inflammation in the GIT. For this purpose, specific species of microorganisms characterized as probiotic strains have been studied to produce functional food and fermented beverage products. Commercially sold, such items are labelled as probiotic products, displaying the name/s of strain/s and the viable numbers of them contained in the portion size of the products. The importance of the growth of probiotic functional foods is that they can be consumed as a source of nutrition and their intake helps in the subsistence and recuperation of friendly gut bacteria. Probiotics have been reported for their role in ameliorating the risk of food reactions. Probiotic administration has been implemented for its role as an auxiliary improvement and for the prevention of food sensitivities common among pediatric patients. Probiotic products based on non-dairy substrates have potential as nutraceuticals for lactose intolerant consumers who are allergic to dairy milk products. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review GRAS microbial species characterized as probiotics up to the level of their specific strain's name and/or number. These have been used to produce nutraceuticals that are sources of beneficial bacteria for easing discomfort and allergic reactions by maintaining an inflammation-free gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Singh Nigam
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
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3
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Zhang L, Zhang R, Li L. Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise and the Underlying Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091787. [PMID: 37174325 PMCID: PMC10178086 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term, high-intensity exercise can trigger stress response pathways in multiple organs, including the heart and lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, and neuroendocrine system, thus affecting their material and energy metabolism, immunity, oxidative stress, and endocrine function, and reducing exercise function. As a natural, safe, and convenient nutritional supplement, probiotics have been a hot research topic in the field of biomedical health in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that probiotic supplementation improves the health of the body through the gut-brain axis and the gut-muscle axis, and probiotic supplementation may also improve the stress response and motor function of the body. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in material and energy metabolism, intestinal barrier function, immunity, oxidative stress, neuroendocrine function, and the health status of the body, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruhao Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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4
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Corriero A, Gadaleta RM, Puntillo F, Inchingolo F, Moschetta A, Brienza N. The central role of the gut in intensive care. Crit Care 2022; 26:379. [PMID: 36476497 PMCID: PMC9730662 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients undergo early impairment of their gut microbiota (GM) due to routine antibiotic therapies and other environmental factors leading to intestinal dysbiosis. The GM establishes connections with the rest of the human body along several axes representing critical inter-organ crosstalks that, once disrupted, play a major role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases and their complications. Key players in this communication are GM metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, neurotransmitters, hormones, interleukins, and toxins. Intensivists juggle at the crossroad of multiple connections between the intestine and the rest of the body. Harnessing the GM in ICU could improve the management of several challenges, such as infections, traumatic brain injury, heart failure, kidney injury, and liver dysfunction. The study of molecular pathways affected by the GM in different clinical conditions is still at an early stage, and evidence in critically ill patients is lacking. This review aims to describe dysbiosis in critical illness and provide intensivists with a perspective on the potential as adjuvant strategies (e.g., nutrition, probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics supplementation, adsorbent charcoal, beta-lactamase, and fecal microbiota transplantation) to modulate the GM in ICU patients and attempt to restore eubiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Corriero
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine - ICU Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Maria Gadaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Puntillo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine - ICU Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Dental Medicine Section, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Brienza
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine - ICU Section, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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5
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Zhang D, Liu J, Cheng H, Wang H, Tan Y, Feng W, Peng C. Interactions between polysaccharides and gut microbiota: A metabolomic and microbial review. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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De Giani A, Sandionigi A, Zampolli J, Michelotti A, Tursi F, Labra M, Di Gennaro P. Effects of Inulin-Based Prebiotics Alone or in Combination with Probiotics on Human Gut Microbiota and Markers of Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Subjects. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061256. [PMID: 35744774 PMCID: PMC9229734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is implicated in diverse interactions affecting human health. The present study reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study conducted by administering a new synbiotic formulation composed of two Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum and L. acidophilus) and one Bifidobacterium strain (B. animalis subsp. lactis) and two types of fructans (fructo-oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization of 3–5 and inulin-type fructans with 10 DP). The effects of this synbiotic were evaluated on healthy subjects for 28 days and the maintenance of its efficacy was evaluated at the end of a follow-up period of 28 days. The synbiotic treatment contributes to higher biodiversity of the gut microbiota, increasing the community richness with respect to the group with the prebiotics alone and the placebo group. Its positive effect is also reflected in the variation of microbial community structure favoring the beneficial short-chain fatty acids bacterial producers. The amelioration of the health status of the subjects was also established by the reduction of common infectious disease symptom incidence, the stimulation of the gut immune system showing a noteworthy variation of fecal β-defensin2 and calprotectin levels, and the modulation of the response of the respiratory tract’s immune system by salivary IgA as well as total antioxidant capacity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra De Giani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Jessica Zampolli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Angela Michelotti
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, PV, Italy; (A.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Francesco Tursi
- Complife Italia S.r.l., Via Angelini 21, 27028 San Martino Siccomario, PV, Italy; (A.M.); (F.T.)
| | - Massimo Labra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy; (A.D.G.); (A.S.); (J.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264482949; Fax: +39-0264483450
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7
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Kwok KO, Fries LR, Silva-Zolezzi I, Thakkar SK, Iroz A, Blanchard C. Effects of Probiotic Intervention on Markers of Inflammation and Health Outcomes in Women of Reproductive Age and Their Children. Front Nutr 2022; 9:889040. [PMID: 35734372 PMCID: PMC9207510 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.889040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiota has been shown to be modulated during inflammatory conditions. Probiotic administration has been shown to affect the immune system and cytokine expression which can affect inflammation and health outcomes. There seems to be an association between the mother's intestinal microbiota and inflammation biomarkers, both of which may contribute to newborn early life immune and metabolic programming and impact short and long-term health outcomes. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to influence metabolic health, immunity, and gastrointestinal health of the mother, and can also have carry-over benefits to infants such as infant allergy risk reduction. Therefore, this review focuses on the evidence of probiotic administration in women of reproductive age, including during pregnancy and its impact on inflammatory markers and on maternal and infant health. We performed a PubMed search for articles published in English in the last 20 years. Immune markers were narrowed to serum and breast milk levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β, IgA, and IL-10. Studies that investigated the beneficial effects of interventions in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and infant allergy management are summarized. These results show a beneficial or neutral effect on selected health outcomes and that it is safe for woman and their infants. The effect of probiotics on modulation of inflammatory markers was probiotic specific. More research is needed to further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of probiotics on inflammation and how these effects improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Onn Kwok
- Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Alison Iroz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carine Blanchard
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Carine Blanchard
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Okyere SK, Wen J, Cui Y, Xie L, Gao P, Zhang M, Wang J, Wang S, Ran Y, Ren Z, Hu Y. Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 Isolated From Ageratina adenophora Alleviates the Intestinal Structure and Integrity Damage Associated With Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Fed High Fat Diet. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820236. [PMID: 35250935 PMCID: PMC8891614 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to identify potential probiotic endophytes from Ageratina adenophora and evaluate their ameliorating effects on gut injury and integrity damage associated with microbiota dysbiosis in mice fed high fat diet. Using morphological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique, two bacteria endophytes were identified as strains of Bacillus toyonensis and were named Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 (GenBank No. MW287198) and Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20 (GenBank No. MW287199). Sixty (60) mice were divided into five groups, group 1 was the negative control fed normal diet (NS), group 2 was fed High fat diet (HF), Group 3 was fed High fat diet + 106 Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LGG), group 4 was fed High fat + 106 Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and group 5 fed High fat diet + 106 Bacillus toyonensis SAU-20. After 35 days, histological and immunohistochemistry examination were performed in the ileum tissues. Furthermore, DAO and antioxidants activities were measured in serum, mRNA expressions of tight junction proteins (occludin and ZO-1) and inflammation related cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the ileum tissues as well as sIgA levels and total bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, and Lactobacillus) in the small intestine and cecum content. The results showed an increase in the DAO activity, oxidative stress parameter (MDA), pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, TFN-α, IL-2), reduce immunity (sIgA), and destroyed intestinal structure and integrity (reduce tight junction proteins) in the high fat diet group and this was associated with destruction of the gut microbiota composition (increasing pathogenic bacteria; E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and reducing beneficial bacteria, Lactobacillus spp.) in mice (P < 0.05). However, the administration of Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 reverted these effects. Our findings indicated that, Bacillus toyonensis SAU-19 and SAU-20 isolated from A. adenophora could prevent the excess weight gain from high fat diet feeding, improved antioxidant status and alleviated the intestine integrity damage as well as reduce the population of enteric bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus and increasing the population of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus in the gut of mice fed high fat diet, therefore, can serve as a potential probiotics in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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9
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Aoki Y, Ikeda T, Tani N, Watanabe M, Ishikawa T. Evaluation of the Relationships between Intestinal Regional Lymph Nodes and Immune Responses in Viral Infections in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010318. [PMID: 35008744 PMCID: PMC8745466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections increase the risk of developing allergies in childhood, and disruption of mucosal homeostasis is presumed to be involved. However, no study has reported a role for viral infections in such disruption. In this study, we clarified the mechanism of immunoglobulin A (IgA) overproduction in viral infections. Autopsies were performed on 33 pediatric cases, IgA and interferon (IFN)β levels were measured, and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were conducted. Furthermore, we cultured human cells and measured IFNβ and IgA levels to examine the effect of viral infections on IgA production. Blood IgA levels in viral infections were higher than in bacterial infections. Moreover, IFNβ levels in most viral cases were below the detection limit. Cell culture revealed increased IgA in gastrointestinal lymph nodes, especially in Peyer’s patches, due to enhanced IFNβ after viral stimulation. Conversely, respiratory regional lymph nodes showed enhanced IgA with no marked change in IFNβ. Overproduction of IgA, identified as an aberration of the immune system and resulting from excessive viral infection-induced IFNβ was observed in the intestinal regional lymph nodes, particularly in Peyer’s patches. Further, increased IgA without elevated IFNβ in the respiratory system suggested the possibility of a different mechanism from the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Aoki
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6645-3767
| | - Tomoya Ikeda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Tani
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Miho Watanabe
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Health and Medical Science Innovation Laboratory 403, Tsukuba City 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takaki Ishikawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan; (T.I.); (N.T.); (M.W.); (T.I.)
- Forensic Autopsy Section, Medico-Legal Consultation and Postmortem Investigation Support Center (MLCPI-SC), Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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10
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Agraib LM, Yamani MI, Rayyan YM, Abu-Sneineh AT, Tamimi TA, Tayyem RF. The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:7-19. [PMID: 35385892 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics' uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits. CONTENT A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted. SUMMARY UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii, and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10. OUTLOOK More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Agraib
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed I Yamani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yaser Mohammed Rayyan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awni Taleb Abu-Sneineh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tarek A Tamimi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema Fayez Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Agraib LM, Yamani MI, Rayyan YM, Abu-Sneineh AT, Tamimi TA, Tayyem RF. The probiotic supplementation role in improving the immune system among people with ulcerative colitis: a narrative review. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2021-0150. [PMID: 34428363 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current evidence on probiotics' uses as an adjuvant for ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide an understanding of the effect of probiotics supplement on the immune system and inflammatory responses among UC patients and subsequent therapeutic benefits. CONTENT A narrative review of all the relevant published papers known to the author was conducted. SUMMARY UC is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that results in inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The primary symptoms of active disease are diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding. About 70% of the human immune system (mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue) originates in the intestine. Probiotics are live microorganisms that help in stabilizing the gut microbiota (nonimmunologic gut defense), restores normal flora, and enhance the humoral immune system. Probiotics especially Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces boulardii, and lactic acid-producing bacteria have been used as an adjunct therapy for treating UC to ameliorate disease-related symptoms and reduce relapse rate. Probiotics, in general, modulate the immune system through their ability to enhance the mucosal barrier function, or through their interaction with the local immune system to enhance regulatory T cell responses, decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta and increase anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10. OUTLOOK More studies are needed to explore the properties of the various probiotic bacterial strains, their different uses, as well as the dosage of probiotics and duration for treating different disorders. Further clinical investigations on mechanisms of action and how probiotics modulate the immune system may lead to further advances in managing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana M Agraib
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammed I Yamani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yaser Mohammed Rayyan
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Awni Taleb Abu-Sneineh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tarek A Tamimi
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, School of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reema Fayez Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Sasaki K, Mori T, Hoshi N, Sasaki D, Inoue J, Shinkura R, Kondo A. W27 IgA suppresses growth of Escherichia in an in vitro model of the human intestinal microbiota. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14627. [PMID: 34272464 PMCID: PMC8285510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
W27 monoclonal immunoglobulin A (IgA) suppresses pathogenic Escherichia coli cell growth; however, its effect on the human intestine remains unclear. We aimed to determine how W27 IgA affects the human colonic microbiota using the in vitro microbiota model. This model was established using fecal samples collected from 12 healthy volunteers; after anaerobic cultivation, each model was found to retain the genera found in the original human fecal samples. After pre-incubating W27 IgA with the respective fecal sample under aerobic conditions, the mixture of W27 IgA (final concentration, 0.5 μg/mL) and each fecal sample was added to the in vitro microbiota model and cultured under anaerobic conditions. Next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that W27 IgA significantly decreased the relative abundance of bacteria related to the genus Escherichia in the model. Additionally, at a final concentration of 5 μg/mL, W27 IgA delayed growth in the pure culture of Escherichia coli isolated from human fecal samples. Our study thus revealed the suppressive effect of W27 IgA on the genus Escherichia at relatively low-concentrations and the usefulness of an in vitro microbiota model to evaluate the effect of IgA as a gut microbiota regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
- BioPalette Co., Ltd., 6-3-7 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Mori
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Namiko Hoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infection Control, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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Xin J, Zeng D, Wang H, Sun N, Zhao Y, Dan Y, Pan K, Jing B, Ni X. Probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 Promotes Growth Performance, Intestinal Immunity, and Gut Microbiota in Piglets. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:184-193. [PMID: 30617949 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus johnsonii strain BS15 on mice and broilers. This study aimed to understand the growth-promoting effects of BS15 on piglets. We determined the effects of L. johnsonii BS15 and a commercial probiotic strain, Bacillus subtilis JS01. Seventy-two suckling piglets (1 ± 2-day-old) were divided into three groups and fed with diets supplemented with 1 × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) BS15 per gram of feed (BS15 group); 1 × 106 cfu JS01 per gram of feed (JS01 group); or de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe liquid medium (control group) 35 days. Compared with JS01, BS15 significantly improved the daily weight gain and diarrhea index of the piglets. The BS15 group had higher fecal sIgA levels, whereas the JS01 group had high fecal sIgA levels only after 35 days of treatment. Additionally, BS15 altered T cell subsets in peripheral blood by significantly increasing the CD3+CD4+ T cell percentage and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio and decreasing the CD3+CD8+ T cell percentage. Moreover, BS15 exerted better beneficial effects on fecal microbiota than JS01. Specifically, the BS15 group had markedly increased Clostridium, Peptococcus, and Lactobacillus populations on days 7 and 21 of treatment and reduced Escherichia coli populations on day 35 of treatment. These findings indicated that BS15 can be applied as a probiotic that promotes growth performance and controls diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Dan
- Chongqing Fishery Sciences Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Gao J, Li X, Zhang G, Sadiq FA, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Sang Y. Probiotics in the dairy industry-Advances and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3937-3982. [PMID: 33938124 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a global surge in the application of probiotics as functional ingredients in food, animal feed, and pharmaceutical products. Among food industries, the dairy industry is the largest sector where probiotics are employed in a number of dairy products including sour/fermented milk, yogurt, cheese, butter/cream, ice cream, and infant formula. These probiotics are either used as starter culture alone or in combination with traditional starters, or incorporated into dairy products following fermentation, where their presence imparts many functional characteristics to the product (for instance, improved aroma, taste, and textural characteristics), in addition to conferring many health-promoting properties. However, there are still many challenges related to the stability and functionality of probiotics in dairy products. This review highlights the advances, opportunities, and challenges of application of probiotics in dairy industries. Benefits imparted by probiotics to dairy products including their role in physicochemical characteristics and nutritional properties (clinical and functional perspective) are also discussed. We transcend the traditional concept of the application of probiotics in dairy products and discuss paraprobiotics and postbiotics as a newly emerged concept in the field of probiotics in a particular relation to the dairy industry. Some potential applications of paraprobiotics and postbiotics in dairy products as functional ingredients for the development of functional dairy products with health-promoting properties are briefly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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15
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Freedman SB, Horne R, Johnson-Henry K, Xie J, Williamson-Urquhart S, Chui L, Pang XL, Lee B, Schuh S, Finkelstein Y, Gouin S, Farion KJ, Poonai N, Hurley K, Schnadower D, Sherman PM. Probiotic stool secretory immunoglobulin A modulation in children with gastroenteritis: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:905-914. [PMID: 34269370 PMCID: PMC8023833 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously conducted the Probiotic Regimen for Outpatient Gastroenteritis Utility of Treatment (PROGUT) study, which identified no improvements in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) administered a probiotic. However, the aforementioned study did not evaluate immunomodulatory benefits. OBJECTIVES The object of this study was to determine if stool secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations in children with AGE increase more among participants administered a Lactobacillus rhamnosus/helveticus probiotic compared with those administered placebo. METHODS This a priori planned multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled ancillary study enrolled children presenting for emergency care who received a 5-d probiotic or placebo course. Participants submitted stool specimens on days 0, 5, and 28. The primary endpoint was the change in stool sIgA concentrations on day 5 compared with baseline. RESULTS A total of 133 (n = 66 probiotic, 67 placebo) of 886 PROGUT participants (15.0%) provided all 3 specimens. Median stool sIgA concentrations did not differ between the probiotic and placebo groups at any of the study time points: day 0 median (IQR): 1999 (768, 4071) compared with 2198 (702, 5278) (P = 0.27, Cohen's d = 0.17); day 5: 2505 (1111, 5310) compared with 3207 (982, 7080) (P = 0.19, Cohen's d = 0.16); and day 28: 1377 (697, 2248) compared with 1779 (660, 3977) (P = 0.27, Cohen's d = 0.19), respectively. When comparing measured sIgA concentrations between days 0 and 5, we found no treatment allocation effects [β: -0.24 (-0.65, 0.18); P = 0.26] or interaction between treatment and specimen collection day [β: -0.003 (-0.09, 0.09); P = 0.95]. Although stool sIgA decreased between day 5 and day 28 within both groups (P < 0.001), there were no differences between the probiotic and placebo groups in the median changes in sIgA concentrations when comparing day 0 to day 5 median (IQR) [500 (-1135, 2362) compared with 362 (-1122, 4256); P = 0.77, Cohen's d = 0.075] and day 5 to day 28 [-1035 (-3130, 499) compared with -1260 (-4437, 843); P = 0.70, Cohen's d = 0.067], respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found no effect of an L. rhamnosus/helveticus probiotic, relative to placebo, on stool IgA concentrations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01853124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Freedman
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rachael Horne
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathene Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jianling Xie
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah Williamson-Urquhart
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Linda Chui
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - ProvLab, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiao-Li Pang
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - ProvLab, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bonita Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Suzanne Schuh
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yaron Finkelstein
- Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Serge Gouin
- Departments of Pediatric Emergency Medicine & Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ken J Farion
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Pediatric Emergency Department, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Naveen Poonai
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, Canada
| | - Katrina Hurley
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - David Schnadower
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, and the Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Protective Role of a New Polysaccharide Extracted from Lonicera japonica Thunb in Mice with Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulphate Sodium. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8878633. [PMID: 33490281 PMCID: PMC7801063 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8878633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating intestinal inflammation. The extraction method of Lonicera japonica Thunb polysaccharide (LJP) has been developed previously by our research group. In this study, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) was used to perform a qualitative analysis of LJP and a precolumn derivatization high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ((Palo Alto, CA, USA) method was used to explore the monosaccharide composition of LJP. Then, we studied the effect of LJP on the intestinal flora and immune functions of dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colitis ulcerative mouse models. The results showed that LJP was consisted of 6 types of monosaccharides and had the characteristic absorption of typical polysaccharides. LJP can increase significantly the weight, organ index, serum cytokines (interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon-γ), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) concentration, and natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) activities in DSS-treated mice. The results of intestinal flora showed that a high dose (150 mg kg−1) of LJP had the best effects on improving the intestinal probiotics (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacilli) and antagonizing the pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus). In addition, the measurement results of the spleen lymphocyte apoptosis confirmed from another perspective that LJP had protective effects of immune cells for DSS-treated mice.
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Perazza LR, Daniel N, Dubois MJ, Pilon G, Varin TV, Blais M, Martinez Gonzales JL, Bouchard M, Asselin C, Lessard M, Pouliot Y, Roy D, Marette A. Distinct Effects of Milk-Derived and Fermented Dairy Protein on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Markers in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:2673-2686. [PMID: 32886125 PMCID: PMC7549311 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent meta-analyses suggest that the consumption of fermented dairy products reduces type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether dairy protein products modulated gut microbiota and cardiometabolic features in mouse models of diet-induced obesity and CVD. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and LDLr-/-ApoB100/100 (LRKO) male mice were fed for 12 and 24 wk, respectively, with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet [66% kcal lipids, 22% kcal carbohydrates (100% sucrose), 12% kcal proteins]. The protein sources of the 4 diets were 100% nondairy protein (NDP), or 50% of the NDP energy replaced by milk (MP), milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus (FMP), or Greek-style yogurt (YP) protein. Fecal 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing, intestinal gene expression, and glucose tolerance test were conducted. Hepatic inflammation and circulating adhesion molecules were measured by multiplex assays. RESULTS Feeding WT mice for 12 wk led to a 74% increase in body weight, whereas after 24 wk the LRKO mice had a 101.5% increase compared with initial body weight. Compared with NDP and MP, the consumption of FMP and YP modulated the gut microbiota composition in a similar clustering pattern, upregulating the Streptococcus genus in both genotypes. In WT mice, feeding YP compared with NDP increased the expression of genes involved in jejunal (Reg3b, 7.3-fold, P = 0.049) and ileal (Ocln, 1.7-fold, P = 0.047; Il1-β,1.7-fold, P = 0.038; Nos2, 3.8-fold, P = 0.018) immunity and integrity. In LRKO mice, feeding YP compared with MP improved insulin sensitivity by 65% (P = 0.039). In LRKO mice, feeding with FMP versus NDP attenuated hepatic inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 2.1-fold, P ˂ 0.0001; IL1-β, 5.7-fold, P = 0.0003; INF-γ, 1.7-fold, P = 0.002) whereas both FMP [vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), 1.3-fold, P = 0.0003] and YP (VCAM1, 1.04-fold, P = 0.013; intracellular adhesion molecule 1, 1.4-fold, P = 0.028) decreased circulating adhesion molecules. CONCLUSION Both fermented dairy protein products reduce cardiometabolic risk factors in diet-induced obese mice, possibly by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Rossi Perazza
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noëmie Daniel
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Julie Dubois
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thibault Vincent Varin
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mylène Blais
- Sherbrooke R & D Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Michaël Bouchard
- Sherbrooke R & D Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claude Asselin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martin Lessard
- Sherbrooke R & D Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Pouliot
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Flavonoid-Rich Orange Juice Intake and Altered Gut Microbiome in Young Adults with Depressive Symptom: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061815. [PMID: 32570775 PMCID: PMC7353347 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is not just a general mental health problem but a serious medical illness that can worsen without treatment. The gut microbiome plays a major role in the two-way communication system between the intestines and brain. The current study examined the effects of flavonoids on depression by observing the changes in the gut microbiome and depressive symptoms of young participants consuming flavonoid-rich orange juice. The depressive symptom was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a psychiatric screening tool used to detect preexisting mental disorders. The study population was randomly divided into two groups: the flavonoid-rich orange juice (FR) and an equicaloric flavonoid-low orange cordial (FL) group. For 8 weeks, participants consumed FR (serving a daily 380 mL, 600 ± 5.4 mg flavonoids) or FL (serving a daily 380 mL, 108 ± 2.6 mg flavonoids). In total, 80 fecal samples from 40 participants (mean age, 21.83 years) were sequenced. Regarding depression, we observed positive correlations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the Lachnospiraceae family (Lachnospiraceae_uc and Murimonas) before flavonoid orange juice treatment. Most notably, the abundance of the Lachnospiraceae family (Lachnospiraceae_uc, Eubacterium_g4, Roseburia_uc, Coprococcus_g2_uc, Agathobacter_uc) increased after FR treatment compared to that after FL treatment. We also validated the presence of unclassified Lachnospiraceae through sensitive real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using stool samples from participants before and after flavonoid treatment. Our results provide novel interventional evidence that alteration in the microbiome due to flavonoid treatment is related to a potential improvement in depression in young adults.
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Interactions between Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 and its environments based on extracellular proteins and polysaccharides prediction by comparative analysis. Genomics 2020; 112:3579-3587. [PMID: 32320822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a significant role in food industry and artisan fermented-food. Most of the applicable LABs were commonly obtained from natural fermented food or human gut. And Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 was screened from a LAB-dominated traditional Chinese sauerkraut (TCS). In order to comprehend the interaction between NCU116 and its environments, comparative genomics were performed to identify genes involved in extracellular protein biosynthesis and secretion. Four secretory pathways were identified, including Sec and FPE pathways, holins and efflux ABC transporter system. Then 348 potential secretory proteins were identified, including 11 alpha-amylases responsible for degradation of macromolecules, and 8 mucus binding proteins which attribute to adherence to intestine epithelium. Besides, EPS clusters of NCU116 (EPS116) were identified and analyzed by comparing to other strains, which suggested a novel genotype of EPS clusters. These findings could be critical to extend the application of NCU116 in food and pharmaceuticals industries.
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20
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Tang C, Lu Z. Health promoting activities of probiotics. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12944. [PMID: 31368544 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, probiotics have received increasing attention and become one type of popular functional food because of their many biological functions. Among these desirable biological functions, the immune regulation, antioxidative activities, and antimicrobial effects are essential properties to maintain host health. Probiotics can regulate the immune system and improve the antioxidative system by producing microbial components and metabolites. Meanwhile, probiotics also possess antimicrobial abilities owing to their competition for nutrient requirements and mucus adherence, reducing pathogenic toxins, producing antimicrobial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, reuterin, linoleic acid, and secondary bile acids) and enhancing intestinal, or systemic immunity. Therefore, probiotics could be used to alleviate heavy metal toxicity and metabolic disorders by improving immunity, the antioxidative system, and intestinal micro-environment. This comprehensive review mainly highlights the potential health promoting activities of probiotics based on their antioxidative, antimicrobial, and immune regulatory effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The antioxidative defense and the immune system are essential to maintain human health. However, many factors may result in microbial dysbiosis in the gut, which subsequently leads to pathogenic expansion, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is important to explore beneficial foods to prevent or suppress these abnormal responses. Successful application of probiotics in the functional foods has attracted increasing attention due to their immune regulatory, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this review is to introduce immune regulatory antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of probiotics, which provides some basic theories for scientific research and development of potential functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Progesterone Increases Bifidobacterium Relative Abundance during Late Pregnancy. Cell Rep 2019; 27:730-736.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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22
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Xu Q, Zhai Z, An H, Yang Y, Yin J, Wang G, Ren F, Hao Y. The MarR Family Regulator BmrR Is Involved in Bile Tolerance of Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 via Controlling the Expression of an ABC Transporter. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02453-18. [PMID: 30478236 PMCID: PMC6344635 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02453-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to colonize the human gastrointestinal tract and exert their beneficial effects, bifidobacteria must effectively cope with toxic bile salts in the intestine; however, the molecular mechanism underlying bile tolerance is poorly understood. In this study, heterologous expression of a MarR family transcriptional regulator, BmrR, significantly reduced the ox bile resistance of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000, suggesting that BmrR might play a role in the bile stress response. In silico analysis combined with reverse transcription-PCR assays demonstrated that bmrR was cotranscribed with bmrA and bmrB, which encoded multidrug resistance (MDR) ABC transporters. Promoter prediction and electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that BmrR could autoregulate the bmrRAB operon by binding to the bmr box (ATTGTTG-6nt-CAACAAT) in the promoter region. Moreover, heterologous expression of bmrA and bmrB in L. lactis yielded 20.77-fold higher tolerance to 0.10% ox bile, compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, ox bile could disrupt the DNA binding activity of BmrR as a ligand. Taken together, our findings indicate that the bmrRAB operon is autoregulated by the transcriptional regulator BmrR and ox bile serves as an inducer to activate the bile efflux transporter BmrAB in response to bile stress in Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68.IMPORTANCE Bifidobacteria are natural inhabitants of the human intestinal tract. Some bifidobacterial strains are used as probiotics in fermented dairy production because of their health-promoting effects. Following consumption, bifidobacteria colonize the lower intestinal tract, where the concentrations of bile salts remain nearly 0.05% to 2.0%. Bile salts, as detergent-like antimicrobial compounds, can cause cellular membrane disruption, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. Therefore, tolerance to physiological bile stress is indeed essential for bifidobacteria to survive and to exert probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal tract. In B. longum BBMN68, the MarR-type regulator BmrR was involved in the bile stress response by autoregulating the bmrRAB operon, and ox bile as an inducer could increase the expression of the BmrAB transporter to enhance the bile tolerance of BBMN68. Our study represents a functional analysis of the bmrRAB operon in the bile stress response, which will provide new insights into bile tolerance mechanisms in Bifidobacterium and other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Haoran An
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Beijing, China
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Alehosseini A, Gomez del Pulgar EM, Fabra MJ, Gómez-Mascaraque LG, Benítez-Páez A, Sarabi-Jamab M, Ghorani B, Lopez-Rubio A. Agarose-based freeze-dried capsules prepared by the oil-induced biphasic hydrogel particle formation approach for the protection of sensitive probiotic bacteria. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Baliza DDMDS, Silva JFMD, Pimenta RS. Avaliação da aplicabilidade de uma cepa probiótica de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em barras de cereais. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização de uma levedura probiótica na produção de barra de cereais, contribuindo para a produção de um alimento funcional inovador. Uma mistura de chocolate inoculada com 8 log10 células/mL viáveis da levedura foi inserida sobre a superfície da barra de cereais. Foram verificados os parâmetros físicos, químicos e sensoriais, e quantificado o número de células durante o período de armazenamento, até a morte celular da levedura. Os resultados demonstraram que a presença da levedura não afetou negativamente as propriedades físicas e químicas da barra de cereais. Nos parâmetros avaliados sensorialmente, não foi observada preferência em relação às barras sem levedura probiótica. A levedura se manteve viva (104 células/g) por 45 dias.
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Marques da Silva T, Jacob Lopes E, Codevilla CF, Cichoski AJ, Flores ÉMDM, Motta MH, da Silva CDB, Grosso CRF, de Menezes CR. Development and characterization of microcapsules containing Bifidobacterium Bb-12 produced by complex coacervation followed by freeze drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Survival of Bifidobacterium bifidum in cow- and camel-milk yogurts enriched with Cinnamomum verum and Allium sativum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaubas.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Yuan H, Shi F, Meng L, Wang W. Effect of sea buckthorn protein on the intestinal microbial community in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1168-1174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Witkowski M, Witkowski M, Gagliani N, Huber S. Recipe for IBD: can we use food to control inflammatory bowel disease? Semin Immunopathol 2017; 40:145-156. [PMID: 29124320 PMCID: PMC5809523 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system and the microbiota in the intestinal tract have recently been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both of these can be influenced by food. Thus, we propose dietary intervention as a therapeutic option for IBD. In this review, we discuss the interaction of the intestinal mucosal immune system and the intestinal microbiota in the context of IBD. In addition, we discuss the impact of food components on immune responses in IBD. Finally, we address the current evidence of how this interaction (i.e., immune system-microbiota) can be modulated by food components, pre/probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and how these approaches can support intestinal homeostasis. By gathering the vast amount of literature available on the impact of food on IBD, we aim to distinguish between scientifically sound data and theories, which have not been included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Witkowski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Witkowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Sorndech W, Tongta S, Blennow A. Slowly Digestible‐ and Non‐Digestible α‐Glucans: An Enzymatic Approach to Starch Modification and Nutritional Effects. STARCH-STARKE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Sorndech
- School of Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Technology Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand
| | - Sunanta Tongta
- School of Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Technology Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Faculty of Sciences Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C 1871Denmark
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Strunk T, Hibbert J, Doherty D, Granland C, Trend S, Simmer K, Burgner D, Patole S, Currie A. Probiotics and antimicrobial protein and peptide levels in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1747-1753. [PMID: 28294428 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterise the secreted and inducible antimicrobial protein and peptide (APP) levels in a prospective cohort of preterm infants (<30 weeks gestational age) with or without Bifidobacterium breve M16V supplementation during the first month of life. METHODS We analysed serial biosamples of infants who did (n = 13) or did not receive (n = 62) B. breve (3 × 109 cfu/day). Peripheral blood was obtained on days 1, 14 and 28, and infant stool prior to commencement of probiotic supplementation and on day 21. Levels of APP (bactericidal/permeability inducing protein (BPI), beta defensins 1 and 2, lactoferrin, human cathelicidin, secretory phospholipase A2) in plasma and stool were determined. Further, we characterised induced APP levels in whole blood cultured with live S. epidermidis or with agonists of Toll-like receptors 2/6 and 4. RESULTS Stool, plasma and stimulated blood APP levels changed significantly during the first month of life. Supplementation with B. breve did not affect basal or stimulated APP levels except for a transient increase in inducible BPI. CONCLUSION Supplementation with B. breve does not appear to act via modulation of systemic or enteric APP expression in preterm infants although small effects cannot be excluded. Further work with other probiotic preparations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Strunk
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit; King Edward Memorial Hospital; Perth WA Australia
| | - Julie Hibbert
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Dorota Doherty
- School of Women's and Infant's Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Caitlyn Granland
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Stephanie Trend
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit; King Edward Memorial Hospital; Perth WA Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Royal Children's Hospital; Parkville VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Sanjay Patole
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- Neonatal Clinical Care Unit; King Edward Memorial Hospital; Perth WA Australia
| | - Andrew Currie
- Centre for Neonatal Research and Education; School of Paediatrics and Child Health; University of Western Australia; Perth WA Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Perth WA Australia
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Bamola VD, Ghosh A, Kapardar RK, Lal B, Cheema S, Sarma P, Chaudhry R. Gut microbial diversity in health and disease: experience of healthy Indian subjects, and colon carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease patients. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2017; 28:1322447. [PMID: 28588430 PMCID: PMC5444350 DOI: 10.1080/16512235.2017.1322447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The intestinal microbiota, through complex interactions with the gut mucosa, play a key role in the pathogenesis of colon carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The disease condition and dietary habits both influence gut microbial diversity. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the gut microbial profile of healthy subjects and patients with colon carcinoma and IBD. Healthy subjects included 'Indian vegetarians/lactovegetarians', who eat plant produce, milk and milk products, and 'Indian non-vegetarians', who eat plant produce, milk and milk products, certain meats and fish, and the eggs of certain birds and fish. 'Indian vegetarians' are different from 'vegans', who do not eat any foods derived wholly or partly from animals, including milk products. Design: Stool samples were collected from healthy Indian vegetarians/lactovegetarians and non-vegetarians, and colon cancer and IBD patients. Clonal libraries of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of bacteria were created from each sample. Clones were sequenced from one representative sample of each group. Approximately 500 white colonies were picked at random from each sample and 100 colonies were sequenced after amplified rDNA restriction analysis. Results: The dominant phylum from the healthy vegetarian was Firmicutes (34%), followed by Bacteroidetes (15%). The balance was reversed in the healthy non-vegetarian (Bacteroidetes 84%, Firmicutes 4%; ratio 21:1). The colon cancer and IBD patients had higher percentages of Bacteroidetes (55% in both) than Firmicutes (26% and 12%, respectively) but lower Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratios (3.8:1 and 2.4:1, respectively) than the healthy non-vegetarian. Bacterial phyla of Verrucomicrobiota and Actinobacteria were detected in 23% and 5% of IBD and colon patients, respectively. Conclusions: Ribosomal Database Project profiling of gut flora in this study population showed remarkable differences, with unique diversity attributed to different diets and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Deepak Bamola
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kishor Kapardar
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Banwari Lal
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Simrita Cheema
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyangshu Sarma
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Evivie SE, Huo GC, Igene JO, Bian X. Some current applications, limitations and future perspectives of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1318034. [PMID: 28659729 PMCID: PMC5475324 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1318034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanism and non-mechanism-based studies supporting the claim that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains confer health benefits and play immune-modulatory roles were examined in this review. Probiotic applications of LAB on global burdens such as obesity and type-2 diabetes were discussed as well as the use of yoghurt and ice cream as important vehicles to convey several beneficial LAB strains. Probiotic and symbiotic dairy products may be used in the nearest future to treat a variety of health disorders. Current studies suggest that lactic acid bacteria possess anti-obesity and anti-diabetic propensities on their hosts and thus can play a crucial role in human health care. Research in the rheological and physicochemical properties of ice cream as well as its applications are also on the increase. These applications face certain hurdles including technological (for less developed countries), consumer acceptability of new functional foods may be influenced by culture, ethics or religion. There is need for more studies on the genetic basis for probiotic properties which will give further understanding regarding novel manipulation skills and applicability in nutrition and health sectors. More studies confirming the direct effects of probiotic LABs in lowering the spread of food-borne and other pathogens are also anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smith Etareri Evivie
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Gui-Cheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
| | - John Oamen Igene
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Xin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Sciences, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University (NEAU), Harbin, PR China
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Anaerobic Probiotics: The Key Microbes for Human Health. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 156:397-431. [PMID: 26907552 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal microbiota (HGIM) incorporate a large number of microbes from different species. Anaerobic bacteria are the dominant organisms in this microbial consortium and play a crucial role in human health. In addition to their functional role as the main source of many essential metabolites for human health, they are considered as biotherapeutic agents in the regulation of different human metabolites. They are also important in the prevention and in the treatment of different physical and mental diseases. Bifidobacteria are the dominant anaerobic bacteria in HGIM and are widely used in the development of probiotic products for infants, children and adults. To develop bifidobacteria-based bioproducts, therefore, it is necessary to develop a large-scale biomass production platform based on a good understanding of the ideal medium and bioprocessing parameters for their growth and viability. In addition, high cell viability should be maintained during downstream processing and storage of probiotic cell powder or the final formulated product. In this work we review the latest information about the biology, therapeutic activities, cultivation and industrial production of bifidobacteria.
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Jørgensen MR, Keller MK, Kragelund C, Hamberg K, Ericson D, Nielsen CH, Twetman S. Lactobacillus reuteri supplements do not affect salivary IgA or cytokine levels in healthy subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Acta Odontol Scand 2016; 74:399-404. [PMID: 27104984 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2016.1169439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of daily ingestion of probiotic lactobacilli on the levels of secretory IgA (sIgA) and selected cytokines in whole saliva of healthy young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 47 healthy adults (18-32 years) who volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial after informed consent. During intervention, the subjects ingested two lozenges per day containing two strains of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) or placebo lozenges. The intervention and wash-out periods were 3 weeks. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, immediately after each intervention period and 3 weeks post-intervention. ELISA was used to measure sIgA and luminex technology was used to measure the interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. For statistical analyses a mixed ANOVA model was employed to calculate changes in the salivary outcome variables. RESULTS Forty-one subjects completed the study and reported a good compliance. No significant differences in the concentrations of salivary sIgA or cytokines were recorded between the L. reuteri and placebo interventions or between baseline and 3 weeks post-intervention levels. No side- or adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with two strains of the probiotic L. reuteri did not affect sIgA or cytokine levels in whole saliva in healthy young adults. The results thereby indicate that daily oral supplementation with L. reuteri do not seem to modulate the salivary oral immune response in healthy young subjects (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02017886).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Rose Jørgensen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Kirstine Keller
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Kragelund
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Hamberg
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Ericson
- Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology and Spine Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Differential immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20, Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Xie J, Nie S, Yu Q, Yin J, Xiong T, Gong D, Xie M. Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Regulates Th17/Treg Cell Immune Responses in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1291-1297. [PMID: 26822718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The balance of T helper cells 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) plays a key role in maintaining a normal immune response. It is well-known that cyclophosphamide (CTX) applied at high dose often damages the immune system by inhibiting immune cell proliferation. In this study, the immunomodulating effects of Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116 in CTX-induced immunosuppression mice were investigated. Results showed that the levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-21 were significantly increased after 10 days of treatment with a high dose of NCU116 (46.92 ± 4.28 and 119.92 ± 10.89, respectively) compared with the model group (36.20 ± 2.63, 61.00 ± 6.92, respectively), and the levels of cytokines IL-23 and TGF-β3 of the three NCU116 treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the model group (90.48 ± 6.33 and 140.45 ± 14.30, respectively) (p < 0.05) and close to 62 and 69% of the normal group's level (140.98 ± 14.74 and 266.95 ± 23.11, respectively) at 10 days. The bacterium was also found to increase the expression levels of Th17 immune response and Treg immune response specific transcription factors RORγt and Foxp3. In addition, the bacterium significantly increased the number of CD4(+)T cells and dendrtic cells (DCs) and up-regulated mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). These findings demonstrated that NCU116 has the potential ability to enhance intestinal mucosa immunity and regulate the Th17/Treg balance, which may be attributed to the TLR pathway in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Junyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Deming Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330047, China
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Lefevre M, Racedo SM, Ripert G, Housez B, Cazaubiel M, Maudet C, Jüsten P, Marteau P, Urdaci MC. Probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis CU1 stimulates immune system of elderly during common infectious disease period: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:24. [PMID: 26640504 PMCID: PMC4669646 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Bacillus probiotics health benefits have been until now quite poorly studied in the elderly population. This study aimed to assess the effects of Bacillus subtilis CU1 consumption on immune stimulation and resistance to common infectious disease (CID) episodes in healthy free-living seniors. Results One hundred subjects aged 60–74 were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arms study. Subjects consumed either the placebo or the probiotic (2.109B. subtilis CU1 spores daily) by short periodical courses of 10 days intermittently, alternating 18-day course of break. This scheme was repeated 4 times during the study. Symptoms of gastrointestinal and upper/lower respiratory tract infections were recorded daily by the subjects throughout the study (4 months). Blood, saliva and stool samples were collected in a predefined subset of the first forty-four subjects enrolled in the study. B. subtilis CU1 supplementation did not statistically significantly decrease the mean number of days of reported CID symptoms over the 4-month of study (probiotic group: 5.1 (7.0) d, placebo group: 6.6 (7.3) d, P = 0.2015). However, in the subset of forty-four randomized subjects providing biological samples, we showed that consumption of B. subtilis CU1 significantly increased fecal and salivary secretory IgA concentrations compared to the placebo. A post-hoc analysis on this subset showed a decreased frequency of respiratory infections in the probiotc group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion Taken together, our study provides evidence that B. subtilis CU1 supplementation during the winter period may be a safe effective way to stimulate immune responses in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lefevre
- Lesaffre Human Care, Lesaffre Group, 278 Avenue de la Marne, Château rouge, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, France
| | - Silvia M Racedo
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5248, Bordeaux Sci Agro, Gradignan, France
| | - Gabrielle Ripert
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5248, Bordeaux Sci Agro, Gradignan, France
| | | | | | | | - Peter Jüsten
- Lesaffre Human Care, Lesaffre Group, 278 Avenue de la Marne, Château rouge, 59700 Marcq en Baroeul, France
| | - Philippe Marteau
- Paris 7 University and AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Maria C Urdaci
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 5248, Bordeaux Sci Agro, Gradignan, France
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Derrien M, van Hylckama Vlieg JE. Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:354-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pei R, Martin DA, DiMarco DM, Bolling BW. Evidence for the effects of yogurt on gut health and obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:1569-1583. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.883356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wan LYM, Chen ZJ, Shah NP, El-Nezami H. Modulation of Intestinal Epithelial Defense Responses by Probiotic Bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 56:2628-41. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.905450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ushkalova EA, Gushchina YS. Linex forte in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:138-144. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20158712138-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Triggered by the growing knowledge on the link between the intestinal microbiome and human health, the interest in probiotics is ever increasing. The authors aimed to review the recent literature on probiotics, from definitions to clinical benefits, with emphasis on children. SOURCES Relevant literature from searches of PubMed, CINAHL, and recent consensus statements were reviewed. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS While a balanced microbiome is related to health, an imbalanced microbiome or dysbiosis is related to many health problems both within the gastro-intestinal tract, such as diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease, and outside the gastro-intestinal tract such as obesity and allergy. In this context, a strict regulation of probiotics with health claims is urgent, because the vast majority of these products are commercialized as food (supplements), claiming health benefits that are often not substantiated with clinically relevant evidence. The major indications of probiotics are in the area of the prevention and treatment of gastro-intestinal related disorders, but more data has become available on extra-intestinal indications. At least two published randomized controlled trials with the commercialized probiotic product in the claimed indication are a minimal condition before a claim can be sustained. Today, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii are the best-studied strains. Although adverse effects have sporadically been reported, these probiotics can be considered as safe. CONCLUSIONS Although regulation is improving, more stringent definitions are still required. Evidence of clinical benefit is accumulating, although still missing in many areas. Misuse and use of products that have not been validated constitute potential drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Vandenplas
- UZ Brussel, Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Geert Huys
- Laboratory of Microbiology & BCCM/LMG Bacteria Collection, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Département des Sciences des Denrées Alimentaires, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Wang L, Zhang J, Guo Z, Kwok L, Ma C, Zhang W, Lv Q, Huang W, Zhang H. Effect of oral consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus planatarum P-8 on fecal microbiota, SIgA, SCFAs, and TBAs of adults of different ages. Nutrition 2014; 30:776-83.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Gou S, Yang Z, Liu T, Wu H, Wang C. Use of probiotics in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R57. [PMID: 24684832 PMCID: PMC4056604 DOI: 10.1186/cc13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Necrotic tissue infection can worsen the prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and probiotics have been shown to be beneficial in reducing the infection rate in animal experiments and primary clinical trials. However, the results of multicenter randomized clinical trials have been contradictory. Our aim in this study was to systematically review and quantitatively analyze all randomized controlled trials with regard to important outcomes in patients with predicted SAP who received probiotics. Methods A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was conducted using specific search terms. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotic with placebo treatment in patients with predicted SAP. Mean difference (MD), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed- and random-effects models. A meta-analysis on the use of probiotics in the treatment of critically ill patients was also performed to serve as a reference. Results In this study, 6 trials comprising an aggregate total of 536 patients were analyzed. Significant heterogeneities were observed in the type, dose, treatment duration and clinical effects of probiotics in these trials. Systematic analysis showed that probiotics did not significantly affect the pancreatic infection rate (RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.74 to 1.93; P = 0.47), total infections (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.48; P = 0.57), operation rate (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.43 to 3.47; P = 0.71), length of hospital stay (MD = 2.45, 95% CI = −2.71 to 7.60; P = 0.35) or mortality (RR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.42 to 1.45; P = 0.25). Conclusions Probiotics showed neither beneficial nor adverse effects on the clinical outcomes of patients with predicted SAP. However, significant heterogeneity was noted between the trials reviewed with regard to the type, dose and treatment duration of probiotics, which may have contributed to the heterogeneity of the clinical outcomes. The current data are not sufficient to draw a conclusion regarding the effects of probiotics on patients with predicted SAP. Carefully designed clinical trials are needed to validate the effects of particular probiotics given at specific dosages and for specific treatment durations.
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Kato I, Startup J, Ram JL. Fecal Biomarkers for Research on Dietary and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Colorectal Cancer Etiology. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-013-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Theodorakopoulou M, Perros E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Dimopoulos G. Controversies in the management of the critically ill: the role of probiotics. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42 Suppl:S41-4. [PMID: 23664676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are commercially available, viable, non-pathogenic micro-organisms that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, exert a health benefit to the host derived through modification of the gut flora, local release of antimicrobial factors, maintenance of integrity of the gut barrier, competition for epithelial adherence, prevention of bacterial translocation, and modulation of the local immune response. In critically ill patients, probiotics appear to lead to decreased susceptibility to antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, necrotising enterocolitis, acute severe pancreatitis, sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as well as a shortened duration of infections. Current scientific evidence supporting the use of probiotics is not conclusive and is mainly derived from single-centre, not very well designed trials that are limited by many factors including small sample sizes, heterogeneity in the probiotic strains used, effectiveness of the combined strains, optimum dose regimens, frequency and duration of administration, and certainly incomplete knowledge of the mechanism of action of each strain. Probiotics appear to be well tolerated, whilst adverse events are very rare. The most commonly reported adverse events include bacteraemia, fungaemia and sepsis. At present, based on the available evidence and although helpful and relatively safe for certain disease conditions, routine use of probiotics in the critically ill is not recommended.
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Páez R, Lavari L, Audero G, Cuatrin A, Zaritzky N, Reinheimer J, Vinderola G. Study of the effects of spray-drying on the functionality of probiotic lactobacilli. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Páez
- INTA EEA; Ruta 34 km 227; Rafaela; Santa Fe; Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Noemí Zaritzky
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CONICET); La Plata; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Jorge Reinheimer
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829; Santa Fe (3000); Argentina
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (INLAIN, UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829; Santa Fe (3000); Argentina
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Rajasekaran A, Kalaivani M. Designer foods and their benefits: A review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 50:1-16. [PMID: 24425882 PMCID: PMC3550947 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Designer foods are normal foods fortified with health promoting ingredients. These foods are similar in appearance to normal foods and are consumed regularly as a part of diet. In this article we have reviewed the global regulatory status and benefits of available designer foods such as designer egg, designer milk, designer grains, probiotics, designer foods enriched with micro and macronutrients and designer proteins. Designer foods are produced by the process of fortification or nutrification. With the advances in the biotechnology, biofortification of foods using technologies such as recombinant DNA technology and fermentation procedures are gaining advantage in the industry. The ultimate acceptability and extensive use of designer foods depend on proper regulation in the market by the regulatory authorities of the country and by creating consumer awareness about their health benefits through various nationwide programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rajasekaran
- />KMCH College of Pharmacy, Kalapatti Road, Coimbatore, 641 048 Tamil Nadu India
| | - M. Kalaivani
- />Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad-201002, Uttar Pradesh India
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González-Rodríguez I, Ruiz L, Gueimonde M, Margolles A, Sánchez B. Factors involved in the colonization and survival of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC); Villaviciosa; Asturias; Spain
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC); Villaviciosa; Asturias; Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC); Villaviciosa; Asturias; Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC); Villaviciosa; Asturias; Spain
| | - Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC); Villaviciosa; Asturias; Spain
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