1
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Hulme J. COVID-19 and Diarylamidines: The Parasitic Connection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6583. [PMID: 37047556 PMCID: PMC10094973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants (Omicron) continue to outpace and negate combinatorial vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the spike protein (S) receptor binding domain (RBD), the appetite for developing similar COVID-19 treatments has significantly diminished, with the attention of the scientific community switching to long COVID treatments. However, treatments that reduce the risk of "post-COVID-19 syndrome" and associated sequelae remain in their infancy, particularly as no established criteria for diagnosis currently exist. Thus, alternative therapies that reduce infection and prevent the broad range of symptoms associated with 'post-COVID-19 syndrome' require investigation. This review begins with an overview of the parasitic-diarylamidine connection, followed by the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and associated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSSR2) involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Subsequently, the ability of diarylamidines to inhibit S-protein binding and various membrane serine proteases associated with SARS-CoV-2 and parasitic infections are discussed. Finally, the roles of diarylamidines (primarily DIZE) in vaccine efficacy, epigenetics, and the potential amelioration of long COVID sequelae are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Republic of Korea
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2
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MRE11 as a molecular signature and therapeutic target for cancer treatment with radiotherapy. Cancer Lett 2021; 514:1-11. [PMID: 34022282 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
MRE11, the core of the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 complex, is one of key DNA damage response proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that its expression in cancer cells is critical to developing radioresistance; as such, MRE11 is an emerging marker for targeted radiosensitization strategies. Elevated MRE11 in tumor tissues has been associated with poor survival in patients undergoing radiotherapy, although in some cancer types, the opposite has been noted. The recent discovery of ionizing radiation-induced truncation of MRE11, which decreases its efficacy, may explain some of these paradoxical findings. The progress of research on the biological modulation of MRE11 expression is also discussed, with the potential application of small molecule or large molecule inhibitors of MRE11 for enhancing radiosensitivity. Current research has further highlighted both nuclease and non-nuclease activities of MRE11 in cancer cells treated with ionizing radiation, and differentiation between these is essential to verify the targeting effects of radiosensitizing agents. These updates clarify our understanding of how MRE11 expression may be utilized in future stratification of cancer patients for radiotherapy, and how it may be leveraged in shaping novel radiosensitization strategies.
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3
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Li T, Petreaca RC, Forsburg SL. Schizosaccharomyces pombe KAT5 contributes to resection and repair of a DNA double-strand break. Genetics 2021; 218:6173406. [PMID: 33723569 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling is essential for effective repair of a DNA double-strand break (DSB). KAT5 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mst1, human TIP60) is a MYST family histone acetyltransferase conserved from yeast to humans that coordinates various DNA damage response activities at a DNA DSB, including histone remodeling and activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. In S. pombe, mutations in mst1+ causes sensitivity to DNA damaging drugs. Here we show that Mst1 is recruited to DSBs. Mutation of mst1+ disrupts recruitment of repair proteins and delays resection. These defects are partially rescued by deletion of pku70, which has been previously shown to antagonize repair by homologous recombination (HR). These phenotypes of mst1 are similar to pht1-4KR, a nonacetylatable form of histone variant H2A.Z, which has been proposed to affect resection. Our data suggest that Mst1 functions to direct repair of DSBs toward HR pathways by modulating resection at the DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Program of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| | - Ruben C Petreaca
- Program of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Marion, OH 43302, USA
| | - Susan L Forsburg
- Program of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
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4
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Sadoughi F, Mirsafaei L, Dana PM, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Montazer M, Hosseinpour M, Yousefi B. The role of DNA damage response in chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer cells: Can DDR inhibitors sole the problem? DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 101:103074. [PMID: 33640757 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, many improvements have been made in providing more therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. The lack of susceptibility to common therapies like chemo- and radio-therapy is one of the reasons why we need more methods in the field of cancer therapy. DNA damage response (DDR) is a set of mechanisms which identifies DNA lesions and triggers the repair process for restoring DNA after causing an arrest in the cell cycle. The ability of DDR in maintaining the genome stability and integrity can be favorable to cancerous cells which are exposed to radiation therapy or are treated with chemotherapeutic agents. When DDR mechanisms are error-free in cancer cells, they can escape the expected cellular death and display resistance to treatment. In this regard, targeting different components of DDR can help to increase the susceptibility of advanced tumors to chemo- and radio-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Liaosadat Mirsafaei
- Department of Cardiology, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Montazer
- Department of Thorax Surgery, Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosseinpour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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6
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Shi L, Sun J, Kinomura A, Fukuto A, Horikoshi Y, Tashiro S. Matrin3 promotes homologous recombinational repair by regulation of RAD51. J Biochem 2019; 166:343-351. [PMID: 31119278 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrin3 is a highly conserved inner nuclear matrix protein involved in multiple stages of RNA metabolism. Although Matrin3 may also play a role in DNA repair, its precise roles have remained unclear. In this study, we showed that the depletion of Matrin3 led to decreased homologous recombination (HR) efficiency and increased radiation sensitivity of cells. Matrin3-depleted cells showed impaired DNA damage-dependent focus formation of RAD51, a key protein in HR. These findings suggest that Matrin3 promotes HR by regulating RAD51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine
| | - Jiying Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine
| | - Aiko Kinomura
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine
| | - Atsuhiko Fukuto
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunori Horikoshi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine
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7
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Di Martile M, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. The multifaceted role of lysine acetylation in cancer: prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55789-55810. [PMID: 27322556 PMCID: PMC5342454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates gene transcription by targeting histones as well as a variety of transcription factors in the nucleus. Recently, several reports have demonstrated that numerous cytosolic proteins are also acetylated and that this modification, affecting protein activity, localization and stability has profound consequences on their cellular functions. Interestingly, most non-histone proteins targeted by acetylation are relevant for tumorigenesis. In this review, we will analyze the functional implications of lysine acetylation in different cellular compartments, and will examine our current understanding of lysine acetyltransferases family, highlighting the biological role and prognostic value of these enzymes and their substrates in cancer. The latter part of the article will address challenges and current status of molecules targeting lysine acetyltransferase enzymes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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8
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Brown JAL. In Vitro Histone Acetylation Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 79:3.14.1-3.14.16. [PMID: 29261229 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation is a core cellular process involved in maintaining genomic integrity, gene regulation, and metabolism. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are an enzyme family that regulates these processes by catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl moiety onto target proteins. Perturbations of cellular acetylation profiles have been associated with a variety of disease states, including cancer. Changes in acetylation profiles can be achieved by mechanisms associated with acetyltransferases, such as gene down-regulation or alterations in the activity of key acetyltransferase enzymes. An important set of tools for quantifying enzyme activity are in vitro histone acetylation assays, using either endogenous or tagged overexpressed proteins. Detailed in this unit is an in vitro acetylation assay used to quantify HAT activity. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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9
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Abstract
Two opposing enzyme classes regulate fundamental elements of genome maintenance, gene regulation and metabolism, either through addition of an acetyl moiety by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) or its removal by histone de-acetyltransferases (HDAC), and are exciting targets for drug development. Importantly, dysfunctional acetylation has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Within the HAT superfamily the MYST family holds particular interest, as its members are directly involved in the DNA damage response and repair pathways and crucially, several members have been shown to be down-regulated in common cancers (such as breast and prostate). In the present study we focus on the development of lysine (K) acetyltransferase inhibitors (KATi) targeting the MYST family member Tip60 (Kat5), an essential protein, designed or discovered through screening libraries. Importantly, Tip60 has been demonstrated to be significantly down-regulated in many cancers which urgently require new treatment options. We highlight current and future efforts employing these KATi as cancer treatments and their ability to synergize and enhance current cancer treatments. We investigate the different methods of KATi production or discovery, their mechanisms and their validation models. Importantly, the utility of KATi is based on a key concept: using KATi to abrogate the activity of an already down-regulated essential protein (effectively creating a lethal knockout) provides another innovative mechanism for targeting cancer cells, while significantly minimizing any off-target effects to normal cells. This approach, combined with the rapidly developing interest in KATi, suggests that KATi have a bright future for providing truly personalized therapies.
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10
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Zhou H, Kawamura K, Yanagihara H, Kobayashi J, Zhang-Akiyama QM. NBS1 is regulated by two kind of mechanisms: ATM-dependent complex formation with MRE11 and RAD50, and cell cycle-dependent degradation of protein. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:487-494. [PMID: 28369484 PMCID: PMC5570008 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), a condition similar to Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), is a radiation-hypersensitive genetic disorder showing chromosomal instability, radio-resistant DNA synthesis, immunodeficiency, and predisposition to malignances. The product of the responsible gene, NBS1, forms a complex with MRE11 and RAD50 (MRN complex). The MRN complex is necessary for the DNA damage-induced activation of ATM. However, the regulation of MRN complex formation is still unclear. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of MRN complex formation. We used an immunoprecipitation assay to determine whether levels of the MRN complex were increased by radiation-induced DNA damage and found that the levels of these proteins and their mRNAs did not increase. ATM-dependent phosphorylation of NBS1 contributed to the DNA damage-induced MRN complex formation. However, pre-treatment of cells with an ATM-specific inhibitor did not affect homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair. G0 phase cells, decreasing NBS1 and HR activity but not NHEJ, gained HR-related chromatin association of RAD51 by overexpression of NBS1, suggesting that the amount of NBS1 may be important for repressing accidental activation of HR. These evidences suggest that NBS1 is regulated by two kind of mechanisms: complex formation dependent on ATM, and protein degradation mediated by an unknown MG132-resistant pathway. Such regulation of NBS1 may contribute to cellular responses to double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kasumi Kawamura
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagihara
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Qiu-Mei Zhang-Akiyama
- Laboratory of Stress Response Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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11
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Su WP, Ho YC, Wu CK, Hsu SH, Shiu JL, Huang JC, Chang SB, Chiu WT, Hung JJ, Liu TL, Wu WS, Wu PY, Su WC, Chang JY, Liaw H. Chronic treatment with cisplatin induces chemoresistance through the TIP60-mediated Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination repair pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3879. [PMID: 28634400 PMCID: PMC5478611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia pathway in coordination with homologous recombination is essential to repair interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) caused by cisplatin. TIP60 belongs to the MYST family of acetyltransferases and is involved in DNA repair and regulation of gene transcription. Although the physical interaction between the TIP60 and FANCD2 proteins has been identified that is critical for ICL repair, it is still elusive whether TIP60 regulates the expression of FA and HR genes. In this study, we found that the chemoresistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, derived from chronic treatment of cisplatin, show elevated expression of TIP60. Furthermore, TIP60 binds to the promoters of FANCD2 and BRCA1 by using the chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and promote the expression of FANCD2 and BRCA1. Importantly, the depletion of TIP60 significantly reduces sister chromatid exchange, a measurement of HR efficiency. The similar results were also shown in the FNACD2-, and BRCA1-deficient cells. Additionally, these TIP60-deficient cells encounter more frequent stalled forks, as well as more DNA double-strand breaks resulting from the collapse of stalled forks. Taken together, our results suggest that TIP60 promotes the expression of FA and HR genes that are important for ICL repair and the chemoresistant phenotype under chronic treatment with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.35, Xiaodong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Chih Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuei Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.35, Xiaodong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Sen-Huei Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Shiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.35, Xiaodong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Song-Bin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Science, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Hungjiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No.1 University Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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12
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Hoa NN, Shimizu T, Zhou ZW, Wang ZQ, Deshpande RA, Paull TT, Akter S, Tsuda M, Furuta R, Tsutsui K, Takeda S, Sasanuma H. Mre11 Is Essential for the Removal of Lethal Topoisomerase 2 Covalent Cleavage Complexes. Mol Cell 2016; 64:580-592. [PMID: 27814490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex initiates double-strand break repair by homologous recombination (HR). Loss of Mre11 or its nuclease activity in mouse cells is known to cause genome aberrations and cellular senescence, although the molecular basis for this phenotype is not clear. To identify the origin of these defects, we characterized Mre11-deficient (MRE11-/-) and nuclease-deficient Mre11 (MRE11-/H129N) chicken DT40 and human lymphoblast cell lines. These cells exhibit increased spontaneous chromosomal DSBs and extreme sensitivity to topoisomerase 2 poisons. The defects in Mre11 compromise the repair of etoposide-induced Top2-DNA covalent complexes, and MRE11-/- and MRE11-/H129N cells accumulate high levels of Top2 covalent conjugates even in the absence of exogenous damage. We demonstrate that both the genome instability and mortality of MRE11-/- and MRE11-/H129N cells are significantly reversed by overexpression of Tdp2, an enzyme that eliminates covalent Top2 conjugates; thus, the essential role of Mre11 nuclease activity is likely to remove these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Hoa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Zhong Wei Zhou
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rajashree A Deshpande
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Salma Akter
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryohei Furuta
- Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken Tsutsui
- Department of Neurogenomics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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13
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Her S, Cui L, Bristow RG, Allen C. Dual Action Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization by Pentamidine in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Radiat Res 2016; 185:549-62. [PMID: 27135970 DOI: 10.1667/rr14315.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a high risk of recurrence and death. Here, we present a novel strategy to enhance the radiotherapy of TNBC by combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with pentamidine, a clinically approved anti-parasitic agent with anti-cancer properties. The radiosensitization effects of PEG-stabilized AuNPs (PEG-AuNPs) in combination with pentamidine were evaluated in two human TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436). Our results showed that PEG-AuNPs alone sensitized both cell lines to radiation, achieving dose enhancement factors of 1.26 and 1.15 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436, respectively. In combination with pentamidine, the greatest dose enhancement was achieved in MDA-MB-231 after 24 h of treatment with 500 μM PEG-AuNPs and 20 μM pentamidine (dose enhancement factor of 1.55). Based on the in vitro data, it is projected that this combination would result in a 10 log increase in cell kill compared to radiation alone in a clinical setting, where 50 Gy is administered to breast cancer patients in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism of radiosensitization revealed that the adsorption of pentamidine onto the PEG-AuNP surface increased the cellular uptake of gold compared to PEG-AuNPs alone. In addition, the combination resulted in a significantly greater number of residual DNA double-strand breaks compared to that of either agent alone after a 2 Gy dose. Taken together, the dual action of pentamidine on the physical and biological pathways of radiosensitization by PEG-AuNPs results in superior radiotherapeutic effects of the combined treatment group in MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyoung Her
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Lei Cui
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Robert G Bristow
- b Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics and.,d Ontario Cancer Institute and.,e STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy.,c The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,e STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Machida S, Hayashida R, Takaku M, Fukuto A, Sun J, Kinomura A, Tashiro S, Kurumizaka H. Relaxed Chromatin Formation and Weak Suppression of Homologous Pairing by the Testis-Specific Linker Histone H1T. Biochemistry 2016; 55:637-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Machida
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Ryota Hayashida
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Motoki Takaku
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Fukuto
- Department
of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and
Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jiying Sun
- Department
of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and
Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Aiko Kinomura
- Department
of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and
Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department
of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and
Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Institute
for Medical-oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, 2-2
Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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15
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Judes G, Rifaï K, Ngollo M, Daures M, Bignon YJ, Penault-Llorca F, Bernard-Gallon D. A bivalent role of TIP60 histone acetyl transferase in human cancer. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1351-63. [PMID: 26638912 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetylation is a major modification that is required for gene regulation, genome maintenance and metabolism. A dysfunctional acetylation plays an important role in several diseases, including cancer. A group of enzymes-lysine acetyltransferases are responsible for this modification and act in regulation of transcription as cofactors and by acetylation of histones and other proteins. Tip60, a member of MYST family, is expressed ubiquitously and is the acetyltransferase catalytic subunit of human NuA4 complex. This HAT has a well-characterized involvement in many processes, such as cellular signaling, DNA damage repair, transcriptional and cellular cycle. Aberrant lysine acetyltransferase functions promote or suppress tumorigenesis in different cancers such as colon, breast and prostate tumors. Therefore, Tip60 might be a potential and important therapeutic target in the cancer treatment; new histone acetyl transferase inhibitors were identified and are more selective inhibitors of Tip60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Judes
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Khaldoun Rifaï
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marjolaine Ngollo
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Daures
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Laboratory of Biopathology, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,EA 4677 'ERTICA', University of Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Hoa NN, Akagawa R, Yamasaki T, Hirota K, Sasa K, Natsume T, Kobayashi J, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Komatsu K, Kanemaki MT, Pommier Y, Takeda S, Sasanuma H. Relative contribution of four nucleases, CtIP, Dna2, Exo1 and Mre11, to the initial step of DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination in both the chicken DT40 and human TK6 cell lines. Genes Cells 2015; 20:1059-76. [PMID: 26525166 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is initiated by double-strand break (DSB) resection, during which DSBs are processed by nucleases to generate 3' single-strand DNA. DSB resection is initiated by CtIP and Mre11 followed by long-range resection by Dna2 and Exo1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To analyze the relative contribution of four nucleases, CtIP, Mre11, Dna2 and Exo1, to DSB resection, we disrupted genes encoding these nucleases in chicken DT40 cells. CtIP and Dna2 are required for DSB resection, whereas Exo1 is dispensable even in the absence of Dna2, which observation agrees with no developmental defect in Exo1-deficient mice. Despite the critical role of Mre11 in DSB resection in S. cerevisiae, loss of Mre11 only modestly impairs DSB resection in DT40 cells. To further test the role of CtIP and Mre11 in other species, we conditionally disrupted CtIP and MRE11 genes in the human TK6 B cell line. As with DT40 cells, CtIP contributes to DSB resection considerably more significantly than Mre11 in TK6 cells. Considering the critical role of Mre11 in HR, this study suggests that Mre11 is involved in a mechanism other than DSB resection. In summary, CtIP and Dna2 are sufficient for DSB resection to ensure efficient DSB repair by HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Ngoc Hoa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Remi Akagawa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamasaki
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kouji Hirota
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sasa
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Natsume
- Centre for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Centre for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan.,JST, PREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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17
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Okimoto S, Sun J, Fukuto A, Horikoshi Y, Matsuda S, Matsuda T, Ikura M, Ikura T, Machida S, Kurumizaka H, Miyamoto Y, Oka M, Yoneda Y, Kiuchi Y, Tashiro S. hCAS/CSE1L regulates RAD51 distribution and focus formation for homologous recombinational repair. Genes Cells 2015; 20:681-94. [PMID: 26123175 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Homologous recombinational repair (HR) is one of the major repair systems for DNA double-strand breaks. RAD51 is a key molecule in HR, and the RAD51 concentration in the cell nucleus increases after DNA damage induction. However, the mechanism that regulates the intracellular distribution of RAD51 is still unclear. Here, we show that hCAS/CSE1L associates with RAD51 in human cells. We found that hCAS/CSE1L negatively regulates the nuclear protein level of RAD51 under normal conditions. hCAS/CSE1L is also required to repress the DNA damage-induced focus formation of RAD51. Moreover, we show that hCAS/CSE1L plays roles in the regulation of the HR activity and in chromosome stability. These findings suggest that hCAS/CSE1L is responsible for controlling the HR activity by directly interacting with RAD51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okimoto
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jiying Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Fukuto
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasunori Horikoshi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shun Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
| | - Tomonari Matsuda
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan
| | - Masae Ikura
- Laboratory of Chromatin Regulatory Network, Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikura
- Laboratory of Chromatin Regulatory Network, Department of Mutagenesis, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Masahiro Oka
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoneda
- National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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18
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Liu NA, Sun J, Kono K, Horikoshi Y, Ikura T, Tong X, Haraguchi T, Tashiro S. Regulation of homologous recombinational repair by lamin B1 in radiation-induced DNA damage. FASEB J 2015; 29:2514-25. [PMID: 25733566 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the major lethal lesion induced by ionizing radiation (IR). RAD51-dependent homologous recombination (HR) is one of the most important pathways in DSB repair and genome integrity maintenance. However, the mechanism of HR regulation by RAD51 remains unclear. To understand the mechanism of RAD51-dependent HR, we searched for interacting partners of RAD51 by a proteomics analysis and identified lamin B1 in human cells. Lamins are nuclear lamina proteins that play important roles in the structural organization of the nucleus and the regulation of chromosome functions. Immunoblotting analyses revealed that siRNA-mediated lamin B1 depletion repressed the DNA damage-dependent increase of RAD51 after IR. The repression was abolished by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, suggesting that lamin B1 stabilizes RAD51 by preventing proteasome-mediated degradation in cells with IR-induced DNA damage. We also showed that lamin B1 depletion repressed RAD51 focus formation and decreased the survival rates after IR. On the basis of these results, we propose that lamin B1 promotes DSB repair and cell survival by maintaining the RAD51 protein levels for HR upon DSB induction after IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ang Liu
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jiying Sun
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Kono
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasunori Horikoshi
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikura
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xing Tong
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- *Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, and Research Center for the Mathematics on Chromatin Live Dynamics (RcMcD), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Mutagenesis, Laboratory of Chromatin Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Laboratory Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, Japan
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19
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Kobayashi J, Saito Y, Okui M, Miwa N, Komatsu K. Increased oxidative stress in AOA3 cells disturbs ATM-dependent DNA damage responses. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 782:42-50. [PMID: 25868131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is caused by a mutation in the ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene; the condition is associated with hyper-radiosensitivity, abnormal cell-cycle checkpoints, and genomic instability. AT patients also show cerebellar ataxia, possibly due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity in neural cells. The ATM protein is a key regulator of the DNA damage response. Recently, several AT-like disorders have been reported. The genes responsible for them are predicted to encode proteins that interact with ATM in the DNA-damage response. Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia types 1-3 (AOA1, 2, and 3) result in a neurodegenerative and cellular phenotype similar to AT; however, the basis of this phenotypic similarity is unclear. Here, we show that the cells of AOA3 patients display aberrant ATM-dependent phosphorylation and apoptosis following γ-irradiation. The ATM-dependent response to H2O2 treatment was abrogated in AOA3 cells. Furthermore, AOA3 cells had reduced ATM activity. Our results suggest that the attenuated ATM-related response is caused by an increase in endogenous ROS in AOA3 cells. Pretreatment of cells with pyocyanin, which induces endogenous ROS production, abolished the ATM-dependent response. Moreover, AOA3 cells had decreased homologous recombination (HR) activity, and pyocyanin pretreatment reduced HR activity in HeLa cells. These results indicate that excess endogenous ROS represses the ATM-dependent cellular response and HR repair in AOA3 cells. Since the ATM-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint is an important block to carcinogenesis, such inactivation of ATM may lead to tumorigenesis as well as neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Saito
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michiyo Okui
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8503, Japan
| | - Noriko Miwa
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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20
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Farria A, Li W, Dent SYR. KATs in cancer: functions and therapies. Oncogene 2015; 34:4901-13. [PMID: 25659580 PMCID: PMC4530097 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational acetylation of lysines is most extensively studied in histones, but this modification is also found in many other proteins and is implicated in a wide range of biological processes in both the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. Like phosphorylation, acetylation patterns and levels are often altered in cancer, therefore small molecule inhibition of enzymes that regulate acetylation and deacetylation offers much potential for inhibiting cancer cell growth, as does disruption of interactions between acetylated residues and ‘reader’ proteins. For more than a decade now, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been investigated for their ability to increase acetylation and promote expression of tumor suppressor genes. However, emerging evidence suggests that acetylation can also promote cancer, in part by enhancing the functions of oncogenic transcription factors. In this review we focus on how acetylation of both histone and non-histone proteins may drive cancer, and we will discuss the implications of such changes on how patients are assigned to therapeutic agents. Finally, we will explore what the future holds in the design of small molecule inhibitors for modulation of levels or functions of acetylation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Farria
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - W Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, Texas, USA
| | - S Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M.D Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, Texas, USA
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21
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Saito Y, Zhou H, Kobayashi J. Chromatin modification and NBS1: their relationship in DNA double-strand break repair. Genes Genet Syst 2015; 90:195-208. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.15-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Saito
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University
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22
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Gao C, Bourke E, Scobie M, Famme MA, Koolmeister T, Helleday T, Eriksson LA, Lowndes NF, Brown JAL. Rational design and validation of a Tip60 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5372. [PMID: 24947938 PMCID: PMC4064327 DOI: 10.1038/srep05372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is required for many aspects of gene regulation, genome maintenance and metabolism and dysfunctional acetylation is implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer. Acetylation is regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases and currently, few general HAT inhibitors have been described. We identified the HAT Tip60 as an excellent candidate for targeted drug development, as Tip60 is a key mediator of the DNA damage response and transcriptional co-activator. Our modeling of Tip60 indicated that the active binding pocket possesses opposite charges at each end, with the positive charges attributed to two specific side chains. We used structure based drug design to develop a novel Tip60 inhibitor, TH1834, to fit this specific pocket. We demonstrate that TH1834 significantly inhibits Tip60 activity in vitro and treating cells with TH1834 results in apoptosis and increased unrepaired DNA damage (following ionizing radiation treatment) in breast cancer but not control cell lines. Furthermore, TH1834 did not affect the activity of related HAT MOF, as indicated by H4K16Ac, demonstrating specificity. The modeling and validation of the small molecule inhibitor TH1834 represents a first step towards developing additional specific, targeted inhibitors of Tip60 that may lead to further improvements in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Gao
- 1] School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2] Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden [3]
| | - Emer Bourke
- 1] Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, Clinical Science Institute, Costello Road, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2]
| | - Martin Scobie
- 1] Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2]
| | - Melina Arcos Famme
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- 1] School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2] Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden [3]
| | - Noel F Lowndes
- Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - James A L Brown
- 1] Genome Stability Laboratory, Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland [2] [3]
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23
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Machida S, Takaku M, Ikura M, Sun J, Suzuki H, Kobayashi W, Kinomura A, Osakabe A, Tachiwana H, Horikoshi Y, Fukuto A, Matsuda R, Ura K, Tashiro S, Ikura T, Kurumizaka H. Nap1 stimulates homologous recombination by RAD51 and RAD54 in higher-ordered chromatin containing histone H1. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4863. [PMID: 24798879 PMCID: PMC4010968 DOI: 10.1038/srep04863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination plays essential roles in mitotic DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and meiotic genetic recombination. In eukaryotes, RAD51 promotes the central homologous-pairing step during homologous recombination, but is not sufficient to overcome the reaction barrier imposed by nucleosomes. RAD54, a member of the ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor family, is required to promote the RAD51-mediated homologous pairing in nucleosomal DNA. In higher eukaryotes, most nucleosomes form higher-ordered chromatin containing the linker histone H1. However, the mechanism by which RAD51/RAD54-mediated homologous pairing occurs in higher-ordered chromatin has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that a histone chaperone, Nap1, accumulates on DSB sites in human cells, and DSB repair is substantially decreased in Nap1-knockdown cells. We determined that Nap1 binds to RAD54, enhances the RAD54-mediated nucleosome remodeling by evicting histone H1, and eventually stimulates the RAD51-mediated homologous pairing in higher-ordered chromatin containing histone H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Machida
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Motoki Takaku
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Masae Ikura
- Department of Mutagenesis, Division of Chromatin Regulatory Network, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jiying Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Wataru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Aiko Kinomura
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Akihisa Osakabe
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tachiwana
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yasunori Horikoshi
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Fukuto
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuda
- Department of Mutagenesis, Division of Chromatin Regulatory Network, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Ura
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikura
- Department of Mutagenesis, Division of Chromatin Regulatory Network, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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24
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Huang TL, Mayence A, Vanden Eynde JJ. Some non-conventional biomolecular targets for diamidines. A short survey. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1983-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Martin NT, Nakamura K, Paila U, Woo J, Brown C, Wright JA, Teraoka SN, Haghayegh S, McCurdy D, Schneider M, Hu H, Quinlan AR, Gatti RA, Concannon P. Homozygous mutation of MTPAP causes cellular radiosensitivity and persistent DNA double-strand breaks. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1130. [PMID: 24651433 PMCID: PMC3973239 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of rare human syndromes characterized by radiosensitivity has been instrumental in identifying novel proteins and pathways involved in DNA damage responses to ionizing radiation. In the present study, a mutation in mitochondrial poly-A-polymerase (MTPAP), not previously recognized for its role in the DNA damage response, was identified by exome sequencing and subsequently associated with cellular radiosensitivity. Cell lines derived from two patients with the homozygous MTPAP missense mutation were radiosensitive, and this radiosensitivity could be abrogated by transfection of wild-type mtPAP cDNA into mtPAP-deficient cell lines. Further analysis of the cellular phenotype revealed delayed DNA repair, increased levels of DNA double-strand breaks, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased cell death after irradiation (IR). Pre-IR treatment of cells with the potent anti-oxidants, α-lipoic acid and n-acetylcysteine, was sufficient to abrogate the DNA repair and clonogenic survival defects. Our results firmly establish that mutation of the MTPAP gene results in a cellular phenotype of increased DNA damage, reduced repair kinetics, increased cell death by apoptosis, and reduced clonogenic survival after exposure to ionizing radiation, suggesting a pathogenesis that involves the disruption of ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Martin
- 1] UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] UCLA Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Nakamura
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - U Paila
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Woo
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Brown
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J A Wright
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S N Teraoka
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Haghayegh
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D McCurdy
- UCLA Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - H Hu
- UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A R Quinlan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R A Gatti
- 1] UCLA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MacDonald Research Laboratories, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] UCLA Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] UCLA Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - P Concannon
- 1] Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA [2] Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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26
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Shima H, Suzuki H, Sun J, Kono K, Shi L, Kinomura A, Horikoshi Y, Ikura T, Ikura M, Kanaar R, Igarashi K, Saitoh H, Kurumizaka H, Tashiro S. Activation of the SUMO modification system is required for the accumulation of RAD51 at sites of DNA damage. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5284-92. [PMID: 24046452 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.133744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic information encoded in chromosomal DNA is challenged by intrinsic and exogenous sources of DNA damage. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are extremely dangerous DNA lesions. RAD51 plays a central role in homologous DSB repair, by facilitating the recombination of damaged DNA with intact DNA in eukaryotes. RAD51 accumulates at sites containing DNA damage to form nuclear foci. However, the mechanism of RAD51 accumulation at sites of DNA damage is still unclear. Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as phosphorylation, acetylation and ubiquitylation play a role in the regulation of protein localization and dynamics. Recently, the covalent binding of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins to target proteins, termed SUMOylation, at sites containing DNA damage has been shown to play a role in the regulation of the DNA-damage response. Here, we show that the SUMOylation E2 ligase UBC9, and E3 ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4, are required for RAD51 accretion at sites containing DNA damage in human cells. Moreover, we identified a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in RAD51, which is necessary for accumulation of RAD51 at sites of DNA damage. These findings suggest that the SUMO-SIM system plays an important role in DNA repair, through the regulation of RAD51 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shima
- Department of Cellular Biology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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27
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Efficient gene targeting by TAL effector nucleases coinjected with exonucleases in zygotes. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1253. [PMID: 23409244 PMCID: PMC3570776 DOI: 10.1038/srep01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TAL Effector Nucleases (TALENs) are versatile tools for targeted gene editing in various species. However, their efficiency is still insufficient, especially in mammalian embryos. Here, we showed that combined expression of Exonuclease 1 (Exo1) with engineered site-specific TALENs provided highly efficient disruption of the endogenous gene in rat fibroblast cells. A similar increased efficiency of up to ~30% with Exo1 was also observed in fertilized rat eggs, and in the production of knockout rats for the albino (Tyr) gene. These findings demonstrate TALENs with Exo1 is an easy and efficient method of generating gene knockouts using zygotes, which increases the range of gene targeting technologies available to various species.
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28
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El-Sayed WM, Hussin WA. Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of novel 4-substituted phenyl-2,2'-bichalcophenes and aza-analogs. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:73-81. [PMID: 23430305 PMCID: PMC3573810 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s40129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the potential antimutagenic activities of new compounds by Ames assay has been of great interest for the development of novel therapeutics for many diseases including cancer. Ten novel bichalcophenes with in vitro and in vivo broad spectrum activities against various microbial strains were investigated throughout the present study for their cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimutagenic potential in a Salmonella reverse mutation assay system against sodium azide (NaN(3)) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). At nontoxic concentrations, all bichalcophenes alone or in combination with NaN(3) (1 μg/plate) or B[a]P (20 μM) with S9 mix were not mutagenic. The bichalcophenes significantly reduced NaN(3)- and B[a]P-induced mutagenicity under pre-exposure and co-exposure conditions in a concentration-independent manner. However, the antimutagenic activity of bichalcophenes against B[a]P varied depending on the exposure regimen, being more effective under pre-exposure conditions. The antimutagenic activity was correlated with a high antioxidant activity that could promote the DNA repair system. Bichalcophenes are least likely to interfere with the microsomal bioactivation of B[a]P. Monocationic bichalcophenes were superior to the corresponding mononitriles as antimutagenic agents against both mutagens investigated, possibly due to the higher nucleophilic centers they have which could bind and protect the bacterial DNA. Three monocationic compounds were shown to have a strong anticancer activity against the 58 cell line. Based on the results of the present investigation, monocationic compounds (1, 4, and 5B) will be selected for further time consuming and costly chemoprevention studies in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael M El-Sayed
- King Faisal University, Faculty of Science, Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Al-Hufof, Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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29
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Kobayashi J, Fujimoto H, Sato J, Hayashi I, Burma S, Matsuura S, Chen DJ, Komatsu K. Nucleolin participates in DNA double-strand break-induced damage response through MDC1-dependent pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49245. [PMID: 23145133 PMCID: PMC3492271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
H2AX is an important factor for chromatin remodeling to facilitate accumulation of DNA damage-related proteins at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites. In order to further understand the role of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR), we attempted to identify H2AX-interacting proteins by proteomics analysis. As a result, we identified nucleolin as one of candidates. Here, we show a novel role of a major nucleolar protein, nucleolin, in DDR. Nucleolin interacted with γ-H2AX and accumulated to laser micro-irradiated DSB damage sites. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay also displayed the accumulation of nucleolin around DSB sites. Nucleolin-depleted cells exhibited repression of both ATM-dependent phosphorylation following exposure to γ-ray and subsequent cell cycle checkpoint activation. Furthermore, nucleolin-knockdown reduced HR and NHEJ activity and showed decrease in IR-induced chromatin accumulation of HR/NHEJ factors, agreeing with the delayed kinetics of γ-H2AX focus. Moreover, nucleolin-knockdown decreased MDC1-related events such as focus formation of 53 BP1, RNF168, phosphorylated ATM, and H2A ubiquitination. Nucleolin also showed FACT-like activity for DSB damage-induced histone eviction from chromatin. Taken together, nucleolin could promote both ATM-dependent cell cycle checkpoint and DSB repair by functioning in an MDC1-related pathway through its FACT-like function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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30
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Mashimo T, Takizawa A, Kobayashi J, Kunihiro Y, Yoshimi K, Ishida S, Tanabe K, Yanagi A, Tachibana A, Hirose J, Yomoda JI, Morimoto S, Kuramoto T, Voigt B, Watanabe T, Hiai H, Tateno C, Komatsu K, Serikawa T. Generation and characterization of severe combined immunodeficiency rats. Cell Rep 2012; 2:685-94. [PMID: 22981234 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, the most widely used animal model of DNA-PKcs (Prkdc) deficiency, have contributed enormously to our understanding of immunodeficiency, lymphocyte development, and DNA-repair mechanisms, and they are ideal hosts for allogeneic and xenogeneic tissue transplantation. Here, we use zinc-finger nucleases to generate rats that lack either the Prkdc gene (SCID) or the Prkdc and Il2rg genes (referred to as F344-scid gamma [FSG] rats). SCID rats show several phenotypic differences from SCID mice, including growth retardation, premature senescence, and a more severe immunodeficiency without "leaky" phenotypes. Double-knockout FSG rats show an even more immunocompromised phenotype, such as the abolishment of natural killer cells. Finally, xenotransplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cells, ovarian cancer cells, and hepatocytes shows that SCID and FSG rats can act as hosts for xenogeneic tissue grafts and stem cell transplantation and may be useful for preclinical testing of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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31
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Kobayashi J, Okui M, Komatsu K, Chen DJ. Possible Role of WRN Protein in Cellular Response Induced by a Little DNA Damage. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-0025 Japan
| | - Michiyo Okui
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama 225-8502, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-0025 Japan
| | - David J. Chen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9187, USs
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