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Cruz Neto JPR, de Luna Freire MO, de Albuquerque Lemos DE, Ribeiro Alves RMF, de Farias Cardoso EF, de Moura Balarini C, Duman H, Karav S, de Souza EL, de Brito Alves JL. Targeting Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Phenolic Compounds in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2024; 13:2886. [PMID: 39335815 PMCID: PMC11431284 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Dysregulated lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the major mechanisms implicated in the development of AS. In addition, evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in atherogenesis, and modulation of the gut microbiota with probiotics and phenolic compounds has emerged as a promising strategy for preventing and treating AS. It has been shown that probiotics and phenolic compounds can improve atherosclerosis-related parameters by improving lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In addition, these compounds may modulate the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota and improve atherosclerosis. The studies evaluated in the present review showed that probiotics and phenolic compounds, when consumed individually, improved atherosclerosis by modulating the gut microbiota in various ways, such as decreasing gut permeability, decreasing TMAO and LPS levels, altering alpha and beta diversity, and increasing fecal bile acid loss. However, no study was found that evaluated the combined use of probiotics and phenolic compounds to improve atherosclerosis. The available literature highlights the synergistic potential between phenolic compounds and probiotics to improve their health-promoting properties and functionalities. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the individual effects of probiotics and phenolic compounds on AS, while providing insights into the potential benefits of nutraceutical approaches using probiotic strains, quercetin, and resveratrol as potential adjuvant therapies for AS treatment through modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Deborah Emanuelle de Albuquerque Lemos
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - Rayanne Maira Felix Ribeiro Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58037-760, PB, Brazil; (R.M.F.R.A.); (E.F.d.F.C.); (C.d.M.B.)
| | - Emmily Ferreira de Farias Cardoso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58037-760, PB, Brazil; (R.M.F.R.A.); (E.F.d.F.C.); (C.d.M.B.)
| | - Camille de Moura Balarini
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58037-760, PB, Brazil; (R.M.F.R.A.); (E.F.d.F.C.); (C.d.M.B.)
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (H.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Türkiye; (H.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Campus I—Jd. Cidade Universitária, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (J.P.R.C.N.); (M.O.d.L.F.); (D.E.d.A.L.); (E.L.d.S.)
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Cano R, Bermúdez V, Galban N, Garrido B, Santeliz R, Gotera MP, Duran P, Boscan A, Carbonell-Zabaleta AK, Durán-Agüero S, Rojas-Gómez D, González-Casanova J, Díaz-Vásquez W, Chacín M, Angarita Dávila L. Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota Cross-Talk: Molecular and Therapeutic Perspectives for Cardiometabolic Disease: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9118. [PMID: 39201807 PMCID: PMC11354808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and polyphenols has emerged as a captivating frontier in understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic potential of these bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds, renowned for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, are subject to intricate transformations within the gut milieu, where the diverse microbial ecosystem exerts profound effects on their metabolism and bioavailability. Conversely, polyphenols exhibit a remarkable capacity to modulate the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, fostering a bidirectional relationship that extends beyond mere nutrient processing. This symbiotic interaction holds significant implications for human health, particularly in cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Through a comprehensive exploration of molecular interactions, this narrative review elucidates the reciprocal dynamics between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, unveiling novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic disorders. By unravelling the intricate cross-talk between these two entities, this review underscores the multifaceted roles of polyphenols in overall health and the pivotal role of gut microbiota modulation as a promising therapeutic strategy in mitigating the burden of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cano
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela; (R.C.); (N.G.); (R.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Nestor Galban
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela; (R.C.); (N.G.); (R.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Bermary Garrido
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela; (R.C.); (N.G.); (R.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Raquel Santeliz
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela; (R.C.); (N.G.); (R.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Maria Paula Gotera
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela; (R.C.); (N.G.); (R.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Pablo Duran
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrino-Metabólicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela; (R.C.); (N.G.); (R.S.); (P.D.)
| | - Arturo Boscan
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela;
| | | | - Samuel Durán-Agüero
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7511111, Chile
| | - Diana Rojas-Gómez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370321, Chile;
| | - Jorge González-Casanova
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile
| | - Waldo Díaz-Vásquez
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7511111, Chile
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Lissé Angarita Dávila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Concepción 4260000, Chile
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Yu Cai Lim M, Kiat Ho H. Pharmacological modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) as a therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115985. [PMID: 38154545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of many therapeutic options, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia remains high. There exists a significant unmet medical need for novel drugs and/or treatment combinations to effectively combat hypercholesterolemia while minimizing adverse reactions. The modulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression via perturbation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) - dependent pathways, primarily FXR/small heterodimer partner (SHP) and FXR/ fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19/ fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-4 pathways, presents as a potential option to lower cholesterol levels. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the important role that CYP7A1 plays in cholesterol homeostasis and how its expression can be exploited to assert differential control of bile acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, the paper also summarizes the current therapeutic options for hypercholesterolemia, and positions modulators of CYP7A1 expression, namely FGFR4 inhibitors and FXR antagonists, as emerging and distinct pharmacological agents to complement and diversify the treatment regime. Their mechanistic and clinical considerations are also extensively described to interrogate the benefits and risks associated with using FXR-mediating agents, either singularly or in combination with recognised agents such as statins to target hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Yu Cai Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Yang H, Wang Q, Xi Y, Yu W, Xie D, Morisaki H, Morisaki T, Cheng J. AMPD2 plays important roles in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112039. [PMID: 37567359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism can instigate the onset of various metabolic disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase (AMPD), which converts AMP to inosine monophosphate, plays a key role in maintaining adenylate energy charge. AMPD2 is the major isoform present in the liver. However, the mechanistic link between AMPD2 and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we probed into the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in AMPD2-deficient (A2-/-) mice. These mice exhibited reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and blood glucose levels, coupled with enhanced insulin sensitivity while maintaining consistent calorie intake and spontaneous motor activity compared with wild type mice. Furthermore, A2-/- mice showed mitigated obesity and hyper-insulinemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) but elevated levels of the serum triglyceride and cholesterol. The hepatic mRNA levels of several fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism-related genes were altered in A2-/- mice. RNA sequencing unveiled multiple alterations in lipid metabolic pathways due to AMPD2 deficiency. These mice were also more susceptible to fasting or HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. The liver exhibited elevated AMP levels but unaltered AMP/ATP ratio. In addition, AMPD2 deficiency is not associated with the adenosine production. In summary, this study established a link between purine metabolism and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via AMPD2, providing novel insights into these metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuemei Xi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Genecics, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Gál R, Halmosi R, Gallyas F, Tschida M, Mutirangura P, Tóth K, Alexy T, Czopf L. Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38001889 PMCID: PMC10669290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gál
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Michael Tschida
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kálmán Tóth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Alexy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - László Czopf
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
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Tveter KM, Mezhibovsky E, Wu Y, Roopchand DE. Bile acid metabolism and signaling: Emerging pharmacological targets of dietary polyphenols. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108457. [PMID: 37268113 PMCID: PMC10528343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their role as emulsifiers of lipophilic compounds, bile acids (BAs) are signaling endocrine molecules that show differential affinity and specificity for a variety of canonical and non-canonical BA receptors. Primary BAs (PBAs) are synthesized in the liver while secondary BAs (SBAs) are gut microbial metabolites of PBA species. PBAs and SBAs signal to BA receptors that regulate downstream pathways of inflammation and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of BA metabolism or signaling has emerged as a feature of chronic disease. Dietary polyphenols are non-nutritive plant-derived compounds associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, hepatobiliary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that the health promoting effects of dietary polyphenols are linked to their ability to alter the gut microbial community, the BA pool, and BA signaling. In this review we provide an overview of BA metabolism and summarize studies that link the cardiometabolic improvements of dietary polyphenols to their modulation of BA metabolism and signaling pathways, and the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss approaches and challenges in deciphering cause-effect relationships between dietary polyphenols, BAs, and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tveter
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Esther Mezhibovsky
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Resveratrol Modulates the Redox Response and Bile Acid Metabolism to Maintain the Cholesterol Homeostasis in Fish Megalobrama amblycephala Offered a High-Carbohydrate Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010121. [PMID: 36670983 PMCID: PMC9854748 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effects of resveratrol on the redox balance, cholesterol homeostasis and bile acid metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala offered a high-carbohydrate diet. Fish (35.0 ± 0.15 g) were fed four diets including one control diet (32% nitrogen-free extract), one high-carbohydrate diet (45% nitrogen-free extract, HC), and the HC diet supplemented with different levels (0.04%, HCR1; 0.08%, HCR2) of resveratrol for 12 weeks. The HC diet-induced redox imbalance is characterized by increased MDA content and decreased T-SOD and CAT activities in the liver. Resveratrol attenuated this by up-regulating the transcription of Cu/Zn-sod, and increasing the activities of T-SOD, CAT, and GPX. The HC diet enhanced the cholesterol synthesis, but decreased the bile acid synthesis via up-regulating both hmgcr and acat2, and down-regulating cyp7a1, thus resulting in excessive cholesterol accumulation. Resveratrol supplement decreased cholesterol synthesis, and increased cholesterol uptake in the liver by down-regulating both hmgcr and acat2, and up-regulating ldlr. It also increased bile acid synthesis and biliary excretion by up-regulating cyp7a1, and down-regulating mrp2, oatp1, and oatp4 in the hindgut, thereby decreasing cholesterol accumulation. In conclusion, resveratrol improves the cholesterol homeostasis of Megalobrama amblycephala fed a high-carbohydrate diet by modulating the redox response and bile acid metabolism.
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Guo S, Zhou Y, Xie X. Resveratrol inhibiting TGF/ERK signaling pathway can improve atherosclerosis: backgrounds, mechanisms and effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Dietary Phytogenic Extracts Favorably Influence Productivity, Egg Quality, Blood Constituents, Antioxidant and Immunological Parameters of Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172278. [PMID: 36077998 PMCID: PMC9454511 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the impact of dietary phytogenic extracts on laying hen productivity, egg quality, blood constituents, antioxidant, and immunological parameters through a meta-analytical approach. A total of 28 articles (119 data points) reporting the influence of dietary phytogenic extracts on the productive performance, egg quality, blood constituents, immunological, and antioxidant parameters of laying hens were embedded into a database. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed model, with different studies treated as random effects and phytogenic extract levels treated as fixed effects. This meta-analysis revealed that dietary phytogenic extracts quadratically (p < 0.05) improved egg production and egg mass as well as decreased (p < 0.05) the feed conversion ratio (FCR) with no adverse effect on egg weight and egg quality. Feed intake and egg yolk percentage tended to increase linearly (p < 0.1). Total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) declined quadratically (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased linearly (p < 0.001), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased linearly (p < 0.01), with increasing levels of dietary phytogenic extract. In addition, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) increased linearly (p < 0.05) in line with the increase in dietary phytogenic extract level. It was concluded that the inclusion of phytogenic extracts in the diet of laying hens had a positive effect on productive performance, feed efficiency, egg mass, immunity, and antioxidant activity without interfering with egg quality. The optimum level of feed photogenic extract for egg production and feed efficiency was determined to be around 300 mg/kg feed.
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Güç İ, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K, Acar A. Toxicity mechanisms of aflatoxin M 1 assisted with molecular docking and the toxicity-limiting role of trans-resveratrol. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14471. [PMID: 36008536 PMCID: PMC9411558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, AFM1 toxicity and the protective role of trans-resveratrol (t-rsv) against this toxicity were investigated with the help of multiple parameters in albino mice. As a result, AFM1 (16 mg/kg b.w) administration caused a decrease in body, kidney and liver weights. This reduction was associated with a decrease in feed consumption. AFM1 induced an increase in AST and ALT enzyme parameters and BUN, creatinine and MDA levels and a decrease in GSH levels. These increases have been associated with liver and kidney cell damage. AFM1 decreased MI and encouraged increases in MN and CAs numbers. The decrease in MI was correlated with AFM1-tubulin and the increase in CAs was associated with the AFM1-DNA interaction, which was demonstrated by molecular docking and spectral shifting. Besides, the decrease in DNA damage and amount was demonstrated by the comet assay technique. Administration of t-rsv (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w) reduced the toxic effects of AFM1 and caused a dose-dependent improvement in all physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameter values studied. For this reason, foods containing t-rsv or food supplements should be consumed in the daily diet to reduce the effect of toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Güç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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11
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Chen M, Yang Z, Gan H, Wang Y, Li C, Gao Y. Investigation into potential mechanisms of metabolic syndrome by integrative analysis of metabolomics and proteomics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270593. [PMID: 35789338 PMCID: PMC9255766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex syndrome cluster of metabolic disorders, which greatly increases the risks of diabetic and cardiovascular diseases. Although it has become a significantly worldwide public health burden, its pathogenesis largely remains unknown. In this study, we first performed an integrated analysis of proteomic and metabonomic data of liver tissues of rats between MetS and control groups to reveal possible mechanisms of MetS. A total of 16 significantly perturbed pathways were identified, of which three pathways were shared by patients with MetS and diabetes identified by analysis of serum samples, including alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Additionally, it was found that 18 differential metabolites were closely related with 36 differential proteins, which were considered as significantly discriminant metabolites and proteins between two groups and were mainly involved in metabolic processes of gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetyl-CoA, biosynthetic processes of cholesterol and amino acids. The results of PPI network analysis and topological parameter calculation of four methods revealed that 16 proteins can serve as hub proteins of MetS. Followed by searching the PubMed database and molecular docking of Cyp7a1 and Got1, we concluded that atorvastatin and resveratrol may be potential drugs for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health Status Identification, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health Status Identification, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huijian Gan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health Status Identification, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health Status Identification, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chandong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of TCM Health Status Identification, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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12
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Liudvytska O, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J. A Review on Rhubarb-Derived Substances as Modulators of Cardiovascular Risk Factors—A Special Emphasis on Anti-Obesity Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102053. [PMID: 35631194 PMCID: PMC9144273 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available anti-obesity therapies encounter many associated risks and side effects often causing the ineffectiveness of treatment. Therefore, various plant-derived substances have been extensively studied as a promising support or even an alternative for existing anti-obesity therapies. This review is dealing with the anti-obesity potential of edible and ethnomedicinal rhubarb species and emerging possible role of the rhubarb-derived extracts or individual compounds in the prevention of obesity and perspectives for their use in an anti-obesity treatment. A special emphasis is put on the most popular edible specimens, i.e., Rheum rhabarbarum L. (garden rhubarb) and Rheum rhaponticum L. (rhapontic rhubarb, Siberian rhubarb); however, the anti-obesity potential of other rhubarb species (e.g., R. officinale, R. palmatum, and R. emodi) is presented as well. The significance of rhubarb-derived extracts and low-molecular specialized rhubarb metabolites of diversified chemical background, e.g., anthraquinones and stilbenes, as potential modulators of human metabolism is highlighted, including the context of cardiovascular disease prevention. The available reports present multiple encouraging rhubarb properties starting from the anti-lipidemic action of rhubarb fibre or its use as purgative medicines, through various actions of rhubarb-derived extracts and their individual compounds: inhibition of enzymes of cholesterol and lipid metabolism, targeting of key molecular regulators of adipogenesis, regulators of cell energy metabolism, the ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory signalling pathways and to regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis contributing to overall in vivo and clinical anti-obesity effects.
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The Effect of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular System from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Results. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810152. [PMID: 34576315 PMCID: PMC8466271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. The cardioprotective effects of natural polyphenols such as resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene) have been extensively investigated throughout recent decades. Many studies of RES have focused on its favorable effects on pathological conditions related to cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors. The aim of this review was to summarize the wide beneficial effects of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system, including signal transduction pathways of cell longevity, energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes or cardiac remodeling, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition, this paper discusses the significant preclinical and human clinical trials of recent years with resveratrol on cardiovascular system. Finally, we present a short overview of antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties and possible future perspectives on RES against COVID-19 in cardiovascular diseases.
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Li H, Yu XH, Ou X, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101109. [PMID: 34097928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, esterification, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic lipid droplets or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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15
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Zhang K, Meng J, Li X, Tang X, Ma S, Lv Y, Yang S. Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) wine prevents the oxidative stress and obesity in mice induced by high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13460. [PMID: 32902870 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) is rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and iridoids. However, its bad taste and smell make noni fruit unsuitable for consumption. After fermentation, noni wine becomes free from the undesirable smell. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether processed noni could retain its original nutrients and effects. Therefore, we conducted a series of evaluations on the nutritional composition and efficacy of noni wine. Our results showed that the polyphenol, flavonoid, and vitamin C contents in noni wine were 558.80, 234.42, and 0.30 mg/L, respectively. Our animal experiments showed that 40 ml kg-1 day-1 noni wine could reduce bodyweight, as well as the levels of body fat, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, while it simultaneously increased the amount of energy expenditure and activity, and improved the systemic antioxidant capacity in mice following a high-fat diet. The results of the gene expression and western blot analyses showed that 40 ml kg-1 day-1 noni wine could regulate the Nrf2 pathway and improve the antioxidant enzyme gene expression in mice maintained on a high-fat diet, thereby improving body lipid metabolism, reducing fatty acid synthesis, and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. Our study indicated that drinking 40 ml kg-1 day-1 noni wine could effectively prevent high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and obesity in mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Noni fruit is rich in nutrients but its bad smell and hardship of processing make its commercialization difficult. Previous studies mainly focused on fresh noni juice and its primary processed products, while few noni products, of poor taste and low quality, are available in the market. Therefore, the fruit wine with both the nutritive values and the special flavor of noni has broad market prospects. Our work provides a valuable reference for the commercialization of noni wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Zhuzhou Qianjin Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Hunan, China
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yipin Lv
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shaojun Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Chen D, Liu JR, Cheng Y, Cheng H, He P, Sun Y. Metabolism of Rhaponticin and Activities of its Metabolite, Rhapontigenin: A Review. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3168-3186. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190121143252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rhaponticin is a stilbenoid glucoside compound, found in medicinal plant of rhubarb
rhizomes. Rhapontigenin (RHAG), the stilbene aglycone metabolite of rhaponticin, has
shown various biological activities including anticancer activities to act a potential human cytochrome
P450 inhibitor, antihyperlipidemic effect, anti-allergic action, antioxidant and antibacterial
activities. Moreover, it was reported to scavenge intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS), the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylliydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and Hydrogen Peroxide
(H2O2). Meanwhile, RHAG exhibited the inhibitory activity for the synthesis of DNA, RNA
and protein, and also presented the capacity of inducing morphological changes and apoptosis
of C. albicans. Here, the structure, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects as well as underlying
mechanisms of rhaponticin and its metabolite, RHAG, have been extensively reviewed.
This review will provide a certain reference value for developing the therapeutic drug
of rhaponticin or RHAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Jing-Ru Liu
- School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yanjin Cheng
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
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Zhou L, Long J, Sun Y, Chen W, Qiu R, Yuan D. Resveratrol ameliorates atherosclerosis induced by high-fat diet and LPS in ApoE -/- mice and inhibits the activation of CD4 + T cells. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:41. [PMID: 32508962 PMCID: PMC7251691 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS), which characterized with the accumulation of lipids on the vessel wall, is the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and seriously threatens human health. Resveratrol (RES) has been reported to be benefit for AS treatment. This research aimed to observe the effects of RES on AS induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and LPS in ApoE-/- mice and investigate the underlying mechanism. Methods ApoE-/- mice were fed with HFD companied with LPS to induce AS and RES was administrated for 20 weeks. Splenic CD4+ T cells were cultured and treated with anti-CD3/CD28 together with LPS, and RES was added. Serum lipids and the atherosclerotic areas of aortas were detected. The activation of CD4+ T cells were investigated both in vivo and in vitro and the expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) in CD4+ T cells were measured. Results In vivo, administration of RES prevented HFD and LPS induced dysfunction of serum lipids including TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), ameliorated the thickened coronary artery wall and decreased the areas of atherosclerotic lesion on aortas. Besides, RES decreased the number of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, decreased the expression of CD25 and CD44, but not affected the expression of L-selectin (CD62L). In vitro, RES decreased the expression of Ki67, CD25 and CD44 in CD4+ T cells. Moreover, RES increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-β1, decreased IL-6. In addition, RES decreased both the mRNA and protein level of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b in CD4+ T cells. Conclusion These results indicated that RES ameliorated AS induced by HFD companied with LPS in ApoE-/- mice, inhibited the proliferation and activation of CD4+ T cells and regulated the expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Long
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Weikai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Dadao 138, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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Qi D, Nie XL, Zhang JJ. The effect of probiotics supplementation on blood pressure: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:79. [PMID: 32334580 PMCID: PMC7183137 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fermented milk has over the last decade been intensively studied because of the putative antihypertensive effect. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of probiotics support therapy in blood pressure and, as a kind of convenient and economic drugs for prevention and auxiliary treatment of hypertension. Materials and methods We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of probiotics consumption on blood pressure. Databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Clinical trials, CNKI and the Cochrane library were searched. Also, the grey literature and references were searched. Results Twenty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 2037 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included. Probiotic consumption significantly changed systolic blood pressure (SBP) by − 3.05 mmHg (95%CI: − 4.67, − 1.44; P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by − 1.51 mmHg (95%CI: − 2.38, − 0.65; P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated that the benefit effect of probiotics supplementation in SBP was only observed in hypertension [weight mean difference (WMD) = − 3.31 mmHg, 95%CI: − 5.71, − 0.92; P = 0.007] or type 2 diabetes (WMD = -4.85 mmHg, 95%CI: − 9.28, − 0.42; P = 0.032) patients, and the decreased DBP level by probiotics supplementation was only observed in hypertension patients (WMD = -2.02 mmHg, 95%CI: − 3.68, − 0.36; P = 0.017).This effect could only last for a short-term time of 8 or 10 weeks, but not for a long-term time. Conclusion This meta-analysis found a moderate and statistically significant reduction for either SBP or DBP with probiotics supplement compared with controls. Thus, probiotics is a potential for the dietary treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Nie
- Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, No. 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100043, China.
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KARADAĞOĞLU Ö, ŞAHİN T, ÖLMEZ M, YAKAN A, ÖZSOY B. Changes in serum biochemical and lipid profile, and fatty acid composition of breast meat of broiler chickens fed supplemental grape seed extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1906-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lv ZM, Ling MY, Chen C. Comparative proteomics reveals protective effect of resveratrol on a high-fat diet-induced damage to mice testis. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:37-49. [PMID: 31955635 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2019.1701138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, resveratrol has been shown to protect against metabolic damage, including obesity-associated subfertility/infertility. In the present study, proteomic alterations in testicular tissues were investigated by tandem mass tag (TMT) in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) without or with resveratrol supplementation (HFD+RSV). Serum testosterone levels, spermatozoa parameters and testicular histological morphology were assessed. Resveratrol treatment was shown to significantly reduce serum cholesterol, prevent the HFD-induced reductions in serum testosterone and spermatozoa parameters, and decrease the ultrastructural degeneration of testicular tissues. The comparative proteomics analysis revealed 58 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and control groups and 38 differentially expressed proteins between the HFD and HFD+RSV groups. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that the most highly enriched differential proteins were correlated to spermatozoa function and cholesterol metabolism. The real-time RT-PCR and western blotting results confirmed the differential expression of the corresponding proteins related to spermatozoa function that were identified by proteomics. The present study provides new insight into the mechanisms of the beneficial effects of resveratrol, and may present it as a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated male subfertility/infertility.Abbreviations:TMT: Tandem mass tag; HFD: High-fat diet; RSV: Resveratrol; GO: Gene ontology; Protein-proteinKEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; SDS-PAGE: Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride; ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence; RIPA: Radio-immunoprecipitation assay; CTRL: Control; PPI: interaction; RIA: Radioimmunoassay; T: Testosterone; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-c: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Crisp1: Cysteine-rich secretory protein 1; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; GPx5: Glutathione peroxidase 5; Svs4: Seminal vesicle secretory protein 4; Tssk3: Testis-specific serine kinase 3; Pate4: Prostate and testis expressed 4; Sva: Seminal vesicle antigen; Lcn5: Lipocalin 5; Spinkl: Serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Mei Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Yu Ling
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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21
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Siemienowicz KJ, Filis P, Shaw S, Douglas A, Thomas J, Mulroy S, Howie F, Fowler PA, Duncan WC, Rae MT. Fetal androgen exposure is a determinant of adult male metabolic health. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20195. [PMID: 31882954 PMCID: PMC6934666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen signalling is a critical driver of male development. Fetal steroid signalling can be dysregulated by a range of environmental insults and clinical conditions. We hypothesised that poor adult male health was partially attributable to aberrant androgen exposure during development. Testosterone was directly administered to developing male ovine fetuses to model excess prenatal androgenic overexposure associated with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Such in utero androgen excess recreated the dyslipidaemia and hormonal profile observed in sons of PCOS patients. 1,084 of 15,134 and 408 of 2,766 quantifiable genes and proteins respectively, were altered in the liver during adolescence, attributable to fetal androgen excess. Furthermore, prenatal androgen excess predisposed to adolescent development of an intrahepatic cholestasis-like condition with attendant hypercholesterolaemia and an emergent pro-fibrotic, pro-oxidative stress gene and protein expression profile evident in both liver and circulation. We conclude that prenatal androgen excess is a previously unrecognised determinant of lifelong male metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panagiotis Filis
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sophie Shaw
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jennifer Thomas
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Sally Mulroy
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK
| | - Forbes Howie
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - W Colin Duncan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mick T Rae
- School of Applied Science, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK.
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Rašković A, Ćućuz V, Torović L, Tomas A, Gojković-Bukarica L, Ćebović T, Milijašević B, Stilinović N, Cvejić Hogervorst J. Resveratrol supplementation improves metabolic control in rats with induced hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1036-1043. [PMID: 31997911 PMCID: PMC6978634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol was recognized as the major factor responsible for the beneficial properties of red wine. Several resveratrol-based dietary supplements are available, but their efficacy has not been sufficiently tested. This study was designed to examine the effect of resveratrol supplementation, using a commercially available product, on the metabolic status of experimental animals with induced hyperlipidemia or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding the rats a standard pellet diet supplemented with cholesterol. T2DM was induced by adding 10% fructose to drinking water and streptozotocin. Treatment with resveratrol-based supplement improved glycemic control in diabetic animals and significantly decreased serum low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels, concurrently increasing the high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) levels in animals with hyperlipidemia. Resveratrol-treated animals had improved tolerance to glucose loading. Supplementation did not induce alterations in parameters of liver and renal function. Findings indicate that commercial resveratrol supplement improves metabolic control in rats with induced hyperlipidemia and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Rašković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Veljko Ćućuz
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljilja Torović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Tomas
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Gojković-Bukarica
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Ćebović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Boris Milijašević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Cvejić Hogervorst
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Polyphenol Effects on Cholesterol Metabolism via Bile Acid Biosynthesis, CYP7A1: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112588. [PMID: 31661763 PMCID: PMC6893479 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the main contributor to coronary heart disease, is characterised by an accumulation of lipids such as cholesterol in the arterial wall. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) reduces cholesterol via its conversion into bile acids (BAs). During RCT in non-hepatic peripheral tissues, cholesterol is transferred to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and returned to the liver for conversion into BAs predominantly via the rate-limiting enzyme, cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Numerous reports have described that polyphenol induced increases in BA excretion and corresponding reductions in total and LDL cholesterol in animal and in-vitro studies, but the process whereby this occurs has not been extensively reviewed. There are three main mechanisms by which BA excretion can be augmented: (1) increased expression of CYP7A1; (2) reduced expression of intestinal BA transporters; and (3) changes in the gut microbiota. Here we summarise the BA metabolic pathways focusing on CYP7A1, how its gene is regulated via transcription factors, diurnal rhythms, and microRNAs. Importantly, we will address the following questions: (1) Can polyphenols enhance BA secretion by modulating the CYP7A1 biosynthetic pathway? (2) Can polyphenols alter the BA pool via changes in the gut microbiota? (3) Which polyphenols are the most promising candidates for future research? We conclude that while in rodents some polyphenols induce CYP7A1 expression predominantly by the LXRα pathway, in human cells, this may occur through FXR, NF-KB, and ERK signalling. Additionally, gut microbiota is important for the de-conjugation and excretion of BAs. Puerarin, resveratrol, and quercetin are promising candidates for further research in this area.
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Intermittent Fasting in Cardiovascular Disorders-An Overview. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030673. [PMID: 30897855 PMCID: PMC6471315 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is a form of time restricted eating (typically 16 h fasting and 8 h eating), which has gained popularity in recent years and shows promise as a possible new paradigm in the approach to weight loss and the reduction of inflammation, and has many potential long term health benefits. In this review, the authors will incorporate many aspects of fasting, mainly focusing on its effects on the cardiovascular system, involving atherosclerosis progression, benefits for diabetes mellitus type 2, lowering of blood pressure, and exploring other cardiovascular risk factors (such as lipid profile and inflammation).
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Zinkhan EK, Yu B, McKnight R. Uteroplacental Insufficiency Impairs Cholesterol Elimination in Adult Female Growth-Restricted Rat Offspring Fed a High-Fat Diet. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1173-1180. [PMID: 30453824 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118811649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and increases the risk of hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Little is known about the mechanism through which UPI increases cholesterol. Hepatic Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) is the rate-limiting and most highly regulated step of cholesterol catabolism to bile acids. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase is regulated by transcription factor liver X receptor α (Lxrα) and by microRNA-122. We previously showed that microRNA-122 inhibition of Cyp7a1 translation decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids in female IUGR rats at the time of weaning. We hypothesized that UPI would increase cholesterol and microRNA-122 and decrease Cyp7a1 protein and hepatic bile acids in young adult female IUGR rats. To test our hypothesis, we used a rat model of IUGR induced by bilateral uterine artery ligation. Both control and IUGR offspring were exposed to a maternal high-fat diet from before conception through lactation, and all offspring were weaned to a high-fat diet on postnatal day 21. At postnatal day 60, IUGR female rats had increased total and low-density lipoprotein serum cholesterol and hepatic cholesterol, decreased Lxrα and Cyp7a1 protein, and decreased hepatic bile acids. Hepatic microRNA-122 was not changed by UPI. Our findings suggest that UPI decreased cholesterol catabolism to bile acids in young adult female rats through a mechanism independent of microRNA-122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Zinkhan
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Baifeng Yu
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert McKnight
- 1 Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111651. [PMID: 30400297 PMCID: PMC6266067 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which has been shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in experimental animals, including glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have been carried out to address its potential; however, results are still inconclusive. Even though resveratrol is partly metabolized by gut microbiota, the relevance of this “forgotten organ” had not been widely considered. However, in the past few years, data has emerged suggesting that the therapeutic potential of this compound may be due to its interaction with gut microbiota, reporting changes in bacterial composition associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes. Even though data is still scarce and for the most part observational, it is promising nevertheless, suggesting that resveratrol supplementation could be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
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Comparison between red wine and isolated trans-resveratrol on the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLr (-/-) mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:48-55. [PMID: 30184518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Moderate consumption of red wine has been widely associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, mainly due to its composition in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, such as resveratrol. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of red wine vs. trans-resveratrol consumption on the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLr (-/-) mice. This study consisted of two protocols: "Prevention" (PREV) and "Regression" (REGR). Both protocols included four groups: red wine (WINE), dealcoholized red wine (EXT), trans-resveratrol (RESV), and control (CONT). In PREV protocol, animals received a regular diet for 8 weeks and then switched to an atherogenic diet for the following 8 weeks, while the opposite was performed in REGR. Animals that received atherogenic diet after an initial period of standard diet (PREV) gained more body weight (39.25±2.30%) than the opposite (29.27±1.91%, P=.0013), suggesting an interaction between age and weight gain. Trans-resveratrol showed the highest hypocholesterolemic effect during PREV, reducing total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C. Supplementation with trans-resveratrol and dealcoholized red wine changed the fatty acids profile in the liver in both protocols, leading to an increase of MDA concentrations and SOD activity in the PREV protocol. In conclusion, supplementation with trans-resveratrol, red wine and the same wine without alcohol altered biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipidemia but had no effect on the prevention or regression of fatty streaks. These data suggest that cardiovascular protection associated with the "French Paradox" may be a result of synergistic effects between wine and the Mediterranean diet.
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El Ayed M, Kadri S, Mabrouk M, Aouani E, Elkahoui S. Protective effect of grape seed and skin extract against high-fat diet-induced dyshomeostasis of energetic metabolism in rat lung. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:109. [PMID: 29747667 PMCID: PMC5944164 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is currently one of the major epidemics of this millennium and affects poeples throughout the world. It causes multiple systemic complications as it significantly interferes with respiratory function. OBJECTIVE We aimed in the present work to study the effect of high fat diet (HFD) on lung oxidative stress and energy metabolism alterations, as well as the putative protection afforded by grape seed and skin extract (GSSE). METHODS We started by characterizing the GSSE and its composition using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We used a rat model of high-fat-diet and we evaluated the effect of GSSE on oxidative stress and energetic disturbances induced by HFD. We analyzed the effect of HFD on lung oxidative status by assessing lipid oxidation level, non-protein thiols (NPSH) and superoxide anion level… We also evaluated the effect of HFD on creatine kinase (CK), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and mitochondrial complex IV. RESULTS HFD induced body weight gain, increased lung weight and lipid content without affecting insulinemia and dropped adiponectemia. HFD also provoked on lung oxidative stress characterized by increased carbonylation (+ 95%; p = 0.0045), decreased of NPSH (- 32%; p = 0.0291) and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities such as glutathione peroxidase (- 25%; p = 0.0074). HFD also altered lung intracellular mediators as superoxide anion O2¯ (+ 59%; p = 0.0027) and increased lung xanthine oxidase activity (+ 27%; p = 0.0122). HFD induced copper depletion (- 24%; p = 0.0498) and lead (- 51%: p = 0.0490) from the lung. Correlatively HFD decreased the copper associated enzyme tyrosinase (- 29%; p = 0.0500) and decreased glutamine synthetase activity (- 31%; p = 0.0027). HFD altered also lung energy metabolism by increasing CK activity (+ 22%; p = 0.0108) and decreasing MDH and mitochondrial complex IV activities (- 28%; p = 0.0120, - 31%; p = 0.0086 respectively). Importantly all these alterations were efficiently corrected with GSSE treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, GSSE has the potential to alleviate the deleterious lipotoxic effect of HFD on lung and it could find potential application in the protection against HFD-induced lung complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Ayed
- Bioactive Substance Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Safwen Kadri
- Bioactive Substance Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Maha Mabrouk
- Bioactive Substance Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Bioactive Substance Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Bioactive Substance Laboratory, Biotechnology Centre, Technopolis Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunis, Tunisia
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Disruptions in gut microbial-host co-metabolism and the development of metabolic disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:791-811. [PMID: 29661926 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The microbial-mammalian metabolic axis has become recognized as an important component governing the overall homeostatic balance of the mammalian host. Disruption of the state of homeostasis among the gut microbiota has been shown to be causally linked to the development of host metabolic diseases including obesity, cardiovascular, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. This disruption is often referred to as gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis leads to altered metabolic products derived from the microbiota and these in turn, typically shift the homeostatic metabolic balance of the host towards a low-grade chronic inflammation, a hallmark of metabolic syndrome. The primary objective of this review is to examine and discuss some very current research that has been done to study the effect of bacterial metabolites on host metabolism, sometimes referred to as microbiota-host co-metabolism. The metabolic conditions reviewed here include obesity, a known risk factor for all of the other metabolic conditions, as well as, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Only by further understanding the cause and result of gut dysbiosis will an adequate solution be found for metabolic disease, a viewpoint shared by many.
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Ben Ayed R, Ennouri K, Ercişli S, Ben Hlima H, Hanana M, Smaoui S, Rebai A, Moreau F. First study of correlation between oleic acid content and SAD gene polymorphism in olive oil samples through statistical and bayesian modeling analyses. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:74. [PMID: 29631626 PMCID: PMC5891997 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virgin olive oil is appreciated for its particular aroma and taste and is recognized worldwide for its nutritional value and health benefits. The olive oil contains a vast range of healthy compounds such as monounsaturated free fatty acids, especially, oleic acid. The SAD.1 polymorphism localized in the Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene (SAD) was genotyped and showed that it is associated with the oleic acid composition of olive oil samples. However, the effect of polymorphisms in fatty acid-related genes on olive oil monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids distribution in the Tunisian olive oil varieties is not understood. METHODS Seventeen Tunisian olive-tree varieties were selected for fatty acid content analysis by gas chromatography. The association of SAD.1 genotypes with the fatty acids composition was studied by statistical and Bayesian modeling analyses. RESULTS Fatty acid content analysis showed interestingly that some Tunisian virgin olive oil varieties could be classified as a functional food and nutraceuticals due to their particular richness in oleic acid. In fact, the TT-SAD.1 genotype was found to be associated with a higher proportion of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), mainly oleic acid (C18:1) (r = - 0.79, p < 0.000) as well as lower proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0) (r = 0.51, p = 0.037), making varieties with this genotype (i.e. Zarrazi and Tounsi) producing more monounsaturated oleic acid (C18: 1) than saturated acid. These varieties could be thus used as nutraceuticals and functional food. CONCLUSION The SAD.1 association with the oleic acid composition of olive oil was identified among the studied varieties. This correlation fluctuated between studied varieties, which might elucidate variability in lipidic composition among them and therefore reflecting genetic diversity through differences in gene expression and biochemical pathways. SAD locus would represent an excellent marker for identifying interesting amongst virgin olive oil lipidic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayda Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sezai Ercişli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Hanana
- Laboratory of Extrêmophile Plants, Biotechnology Center of Borj-Cédria, B.P. 901, 2050, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, PB '1177', 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fabienne Moreau
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Montpellier SupAgro, France
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Asami Y, Aizawa M, Kinoshita M, Ishikawa J, Sakuma K. Resveratrol attenuates denervation-induced muscle atrophy due to the blockade of atrogin-1 and p62 accumulation. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:628-637. [PMID: 29725254 PMCID: PMC5930465 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Decrease in activity stress induces skeletal muscle atrophy. A previous study showed that treatment with resveratrol inhibits muscular atrophy in mdx mice, a model of DMD. However, almost all studies using resveratrol supplementation have only looked at adaptive changes in the muscle weight. The present study was designed to elucidate whether the resveratrol-inducing attenuation of skeletal muscle actually reflects the adaptation of muscle fibers themselves, based on the modulation of atrogin-1- or p62-dependent signaling. Mice were fed either a normal diet or 0.5% resveratrol diet. One week later, the right sciatic nerve was cut. The wet weight, mean fiber area, and amount of atrogin-1 and p62 proteins were examined in the gastrocnemius muscle at 14 days after denervation. The 0.5% resveratrol diet significantly prevented denervation-induced decreases in both the muscle weight and fiber atrophy. In addition, dietary resveratrol suppressed the denervation-induced atrogin-1 and p62 immunoreactivity. In contrast, 0.5% resveratrol supplementation did not significantly modulate the total protein amount of atrogin-1 or p62 in the denervated muscle of mice. Resveratrol supplementation significantly prevents muscle atrophy after denervation in mice, possibly due to the decrease in atrogin-1 and p62-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Asami
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Miki Aizawa
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kinoshita
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Junji Ishikawa
- FANCL Research Institute, 12-13 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0806, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Sakuma
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.,Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Resveratrol and caloric restriction prevent hepatic steatosis by regulating SIRT1-autophagy pathway and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress in high-fat diet-fed rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183541. [PMID: 28817690 PMCID: PMC5560739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that resveratrol (a natural polyphenol) and caloric restriction activate Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and induce autophagy. Furthermore, autophagy is induced by the SIRT1-FoxO signaling pathway and was recently shown to be a critical protective mechanism against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. We aimed to compare the effects of resveratrol and caloric restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism and elucidate the mechanism by which resveratrol supplementation and caloric restriction alleviate hepatosteatosis by examining the molecular interplay between SIRT1 and autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (40) were divided into four groups: the STD group, which was fed a standard chow diet; the HFD group, which was fed a high-fat diet; HFD-RES group, which was fed a high-fat diet plus resveratrol (200 mg/kg.bw); and the HFD-CR group, which was fed a high-fat diet in portions containing 70% of the mean intake of the HFD group rats. The groups were maintained for 18 weeks. Metabolic parameters, Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin staining of the liver, and the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1, autophagy markers and endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress-associated genes in the liver were assessed after the 18-week treatment. We found that resveratrol (200 mg/kg bw) and caloric restriction (30%) partially prevented hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte ballooning, increased the expression of SIRT1 and autophagy markers while decreasing ER stress markers in the liver and alleviated lipid metabolism disorder. Moreover, caloric restriction provided superior protection against HFD-induced hepatic fatty accumulation compared with resveratrol and the effects were associated with decreased total energy intake and body weight. CONCLUSION We conclude that the SIRT1-autophagy pathway and decreased ER stress are universally required for the protective effects of moderate caloric restriction (30%) and resveratrol (a pharmacological SIRT1 activator) supplementation against HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Rahman MM, Alam MN, Ulla A, Sumi FA, Subhan N, Khan T, Sikder B, Hossain H, Reza HM, Alam MA. Cardamom powder supplementation prevents obesity, improves glucose intolerance, inflammation and oxidative stress in liver of high carbohydrate high fat diet induced obese rats. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:151. [PMID: 28806968 PMCID: PMC5557534 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardamom is a well-known spice in Indian subcontinent, used in culinary and traditional medicine practices since ancient times. The current investigation was untaken to evaluate the potential benefit of cardamom powder supplementation in high carbohydrate high fat (HCHF) diet induced obese rats. Method Male Wistar rats (28 rats) were divided into four different groups such as Control, Control + cardamom, HCHF, HCHF + cardamom. High carbohydrate and high fat (HCHF) diet was prepared in our laboratory. Oral glucose tolerance test, organs wet weight measurements and oxidative stress parameters analysis as well as liver marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were assayed on the tissues collected from the rats. Plasma lipids profiles were also measured in all groups of animals. Moreover, histological staining was also performed to evaluate inflammatory cells infiltration and fibrosis in liver. Results The current investigation showed that, HCHF diet feeding in rats developed glucose intolerance and increased peritoneal fat deposition compared to control rats. Cardamom powder supplementation improved the glucose intolerance significantly (p > 0.05) and prevented the abdominal fat deposition in HCHF diet fed rats. HCHF diet feeding in rats also developed dyslipidemia, increased fat deposition and inflammation in liver compared to control rats. Cardamom powder supplementation significantly prevented the rise of lipid parameters (p > 0.05) in HCHF diet fed rats. Histological assessments confirmed that HCHF diet increased the fat deposition and inflammatory cells infiltration in liver which was normalized by cardamom powder supplementation in HCHF diet fed rats. Furthermore, HCHF diet increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and increased advanced protein oxidation product level significantly (p > 0.05) both in plasma and liver tissue which were modulated by cardamom powder supplementation in HCHF diet fed rats. HCHF diet feeding in rats also increased the ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activities in plasma which were also normalized by cardamom powder supplementation in HCHF diet fed rats. Moreover, cardamom powder supplementation ameliorated the fibrosis in liver of HCHF diet fed rats. Conclusion This study suggests that, cardamom powder supplementation can prevent dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and hepatic damage in HCHF diet fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazmul Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Anayt Ulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akther Sumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Subhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Trisha Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Bishwajit Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Mahmud Reza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
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Sun S, Zhang M, Yang Q, Shen Z, Chen J, Yu B, Wang H, Qu J, Pang D, Ren W, Ouyang H, Tang X. Resveratrol suppresses lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
expression by reducing oxidative stress in macrophages and animal models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Sun
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Qiangbing Yang
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Ziying Shen
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Biao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - He Wang
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jiali Qu
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Wenzhi Ren
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Model Animal Engineering Research Center; College of Animal Sciences,; Jilin University; Changchun China
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The anti-cholesterolaemic effect of a consortium of probiotics: An acute study in C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2883. [PMID: 28588193 PMCID: PMC5460276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and it has been found that some probiotic bacteria possess cholesterol-lowering capabilities. In this study, the ability of the Lab4 probiotic consortium to hydrolyse bile salts, assimilate cholesterol and regulate cholesterol transport by polarised Caco-2 enterocytes was demonstrated. Furthermore, in wild-type C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet, 2-weeks supplementation with Lab4 probiotic consortium plus Lactobacillusplantarum CUL66 resulted in significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol levels and suppression of diet-induced weight gain. No changes in plasma levels of very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, cytokines or bile acids were observed. Increased amounts of total and unconjugated bile acids in the faeces of the probiotic-fed mice, together with modulation of hepatic small heterodimer partner and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase mRNA expression, implicates bile salt hydrolase activity as a potential mechanism of action. In summary, this study demonstrates the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of short-term feeding of the Lab4 probiotic consortium plus L. plantarum CUL66 in wild-type mice and supports further assessment in human trials.
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Cholesterol-lowering effects of piceatannol, a stilbene from wine, using untargeted metabolomics. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Han Y, Chai F, Xiang H, Huang T, Kou S, Han B, Gong X, Ye X. The antihypercholesterolemic effect of columbamine from Rhizoma Coptidis in HFHC-diet induced hamsters through HNF-4α/FTF-mediated CYP7A1 activation. Fitoterapia 2016; 115:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Shao D, Wang Y, Huang Q, Shi J, Yang H, Pan Z, Jin M, Zhao H, Xu X. Cholesterol-Lowering Effects and Mechanisms in View of Bile Acid Pathway of Resveratrol and Resveratrol Glucuronides. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2841-H2848. [PMID: 27735997 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) was previously reported to be capable of lowering plasma TC and LDL-C. The mechanism behind Res is not clearly understood, although it is presumed to have an effect on bile acid metabolism in the liver: a significant way in eliminating cholesterol from the body. As one of the major metabolites of Res in the liver, resveratrol glucuronides (Gres) is suspected to also contribute to the overall cholestrol-lowering activity of Res, which needs to be studied. In this research, when HepG2 steatosis hepatic cells were treated with Res and Gres at different concentration levels, Res and Gres showed similar activity in lowering cellular TC content. The presence of Res and Gres caused a significant increase in hepatic CYP7A1 and BSEP, indicating the increase in the synthesis and efflux of bile acids, respectively. The reduction of HMG-CoAR tied to a decrease in de novo synthesis of cholesterol and the increase of ABCG5 suggested the increase of direct efflux of cholesterol. All above variations reduced the hepatic cholesterol level, which triggered the significant enhancement of LDLR, illustrating the improvement of clearance of LDL-C from the plasma and prevention of atherosclerosis. Overall, this study demonstrated both Res and Gres might have capabilities in lowering hepatic cholesterol through increasing in the synthesis and efflux of bile acids, and decreasing in synthesis and increasing in the efflux of cholesterol. Gres would have preferred potential than Res because of its lower cytotoxicity, which indicated that the action of the metabolites should also be considered in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Zhao Z, Barcus M, Kim J, Lum KL, Mills C, Lei XG. High Dietary Selenium Intake Alters Lipid Metabolism and Protein Synthesis in Liver and Muscle of Pigs. J Nutr 2016; 146:1625-33. [PMID: 27466604 PMCID: PMC4997278 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.229955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged high intakes of dietary selenium have been shown to induce gestational diabetes in rats and hyperinsulinemia in pigs. OBJECTIVE Two experiments were conducted to explore metabolic and molecular mechanisms for the diabetogenic potential of high dietary selenium intakes in pigs. METHODS In Expt. 1, 16 Yorkshire-Landrace-Hampshire crossbred pigs (3 wk old, body weight = 7.5 ± 0.81 kg, 50% males and 50% females) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with 0.3 or 1.0 mg Se/kg (as selenium-enriched yeast for 6 wk). In Expt. 2, 12 pigs of the same crossbreed (6 wk old, body weight = 16.0 ± 1.8 kg) were fed a similar basal diet supplemented with 0.3 or 3.0 mg Se/kg for 11 wk. Biochemical and gene and protein expression profiles of lipid and protein metabolism and selenoproteins in plasma, liver, muscle, and adipose tissues were analyzed. RESULTS In Expt. 1, the 1-mg-Se/kg diet did not affect body weight or plasma concentrations of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids. In Expt. 2, the 3-mg-Se/kg diet, compared with the 0.3-mg-Se/kg diet, increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of plasma insulin (0.2 compared with 0.4 ng/mL), liver and adipose lipids (41% to 2.4-fold), and liver and muscle protein (10-14%). In liver, the 3-mg-Se/kg diet upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression, activity, or both of key factors related to gluconeogenesis [phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK); 13%], lipogenesis [sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FASN); 46-90%], protein synthesis [insulin receptor (INSR), P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70), and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (P-S6); 88-105%], energy metabolism [AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); up to 2.8-fold], and selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3; 1.4-fold) and suppressed (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of lipolysis gene cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1; 88%) and selenoprotein gene selenoprotein W1 (SEPW1; 46%). In muscle, the 3-mg-Se/kg diet exerted no effect on the lipid profiles but enhanced (P < 0.05) expression of P-S6 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; 42-176%; protein synthesis); selenoprotein P (SELP; 40-fold); and tumor suppressor protein 53 (P53) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG; 52-58%; lipogenesis) and suppressed (P < 0.05) expression of INSR (59%; insulin signaling); selenoprotein S (SELS); deiodinases, iodothyronine, type I (DIO1); and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1; 50%; selenoproteins); and ACC1 and FASN (35-51%; lipogenesis). CONCLUSION Our research showed novel roles, to our best knowledge, and mechanisms of high selenium intakes in regulating the metabolism of protein, along with that of lipid, in a tissue-specific fashion in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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He K, Li X, Xiao Y, Yong Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Zhou T, Yang D, Gao P, Xin X. Hypolipidemic effects of Myrica rubra extracts and main compounds in C57BL/6j mice. Food Funct 2016; 7:3505-15. [PMID: 27459037 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the antihyperlipidemic activity of myricetin, myricetrin, the alcohol fraction (AF) and the ethyl acetate fraction (EF) obtained from the bark of Myrica rubra (MR) in high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) induced hyperlipidemic C57BL/6j mice. Mice were treated with myricetin, myricetrin, AF and EF with a dose of 130 mg per kg per day for 35 days. After treatment, serum parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total bile acids (TBA), etc., were examined. The results revealed that EF showed the highest weight lowering activity (P < 0.01). All tested samples decreased the levels of the TC, TG, LDL-C, TBA and LPS (lipopolysaccharide) content in the serum of mice to different extents. Liver fat deposition was significantly reduced after myricetin, myricetrin, AF and EF therapy (P < 0.01). Additionally, the cell size of epididymal adipose tissue was also decreased in myricetin, AF and EF groups (P < 0.05). The antihyperlipidemic activity of these samples may be attributed to the inhibition of lipid synthesis via suppressing the expression of HMGCR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) and ACC1 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), promoting the metabolism and excretion of lipids via up-regulating the expression of SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element binding proteins), LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), UCP2 (uncoupling protein 2) and CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase). These results may provide a powerful foundation for seeking and utilizing Myrica rubra bio-active compounds for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, 418000, China.
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He K, Hu Y, Ma H, Zou Z, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Feng M, Li X, Ye X. Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids alleviate hyperlipidemia in B6 mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1696-709. [PMID: 27287254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) alkaloids exert their hypolipidemic effects primarily by targeting the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic mechanisms of RC alkaloids (at a daily dose of 140mg/kg for 35days) in high-fat and high-cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic B6 mice. After treatment, serum lipid parameters were determined, the expression of lipid metabolism related genes and pathways such as the sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and bile acid signaling in mice were also investigated. Meanwhile, Illumina sequencing was used to investigate the differences in gut microbiota of B6 mice. The results indicated that RC alkaloids reduced the body weight gain and serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total bile acids (TBA) and lipopolysaccharide of B6 mice. Liver fat deposition and epididymal adipose cell size were also deceased in therapy group. RC alkaloids feeding significantly promoted the abundance of Sporobacter termitidis, Alcaligenes faecalis, Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut of mice, whereas, the abundance of Escherichia coli, Desulfovibrio C21_c20, Parabacteroides distasonis was suppressed. The observed antihyperlipidemic effects of RC alkaloids can also be attributed to their action as agonists of FXR and TGR5, activators for SREBP2, LDLR, UCP2 and CYP7A1, inhibitors of HMGCR, TXNIP, TLR4 and JNK. Therefore, this study expands current knowledge on hypolipidemic mechanisms of RC alkaloids and presents new evidence supporting a key role for RC alkaloids as regulators of lipid homeostasis by modulation gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Yinran Hu
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zongyao Zou
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yubo Xiao
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Chongqing Productivity Promotion Center for the Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Yu Y, Zhang N, Jiang H, Xue W, Guo X, Xu X, Fang W, Wang H, Hua E. Resveratrol treatment improves plasma and blood glucose concentration and lipid metabolism in high-fat-fed C57BL/6J mice. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Resveratrol Attenuates Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO)-Induced Atherosclerosis by Regulating TMAO Synthesis and Bile Acid Metabolism via Remodeling of the Gut Microbiota. mBio 2016; 7:e02210-15. [PMID: 27048804 PMCID: PMC4817264 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02210-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is found to be strongly associated with atherosclerosis (AS). Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural phytoalexin with anti-AS effects; however, its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the anti-AS effects of RSV were related to changes in the gut microbiota. We found that RSV attenuated trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced AS in ApoE−/− mice. Meanwhile, RSV decreased TMAO levels by inhibiting commensal microbial trimethylamine (TMA) production via gut microbiota remodeling in mice. Moreover, RSV increased levels of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which increased the bile salt hydrolase activity, thereby enhancing bile acid (BA) deconjugation and fecal excretion in C57BL/6J and ApoE−/− mice. This was associated with a decrease in ileal BA content, repression of the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) axis, and increased cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression and hepatic BA neosynthesis. An FXR antagonist had the same effect on FGF15 and CYP7A1 expression as RSV, while an FXR agonist abolished RSV-induced alterations in FGF15 and CYP7A1 expression. In mice treated with antibiotics, RSV neither decreased TMAO levels nor increased hepatic BA synthesis. Additionally, RSV-induced inhibition of TMAO-caused AS was also markedly abolished by antibiotics. In conclusion, RSV attenuated TMAO-induced AS by decreasing TMAO levels and increasing hepatic BA neosynthesis via gut microbiota remodeling, and the BA neosynthesis was partially mediated through the enterohepatic FXR-FGF15 axis. Recently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been identified as a novel and independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis (AS) partially through inhibiting hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis. The gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TMAO-induced AS. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural phytoalexin with prebiotic benefits. A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that phenolic phytochemicals with poor bioavailability are possibly acting primarily through remodeling of the gut microbiota. The current study showed that RSV attenuated TMAO-induced AS by decreasing TMAO levels and increasing hepatic BA neosynthesis via gut microbiota remodeling. And RSV-induced hepatic BA neosynthesis was partially mediated through downregulating the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for RSV’s anti-AS effects and indicate that the gut microbiota may become an interesting target for pharmacological or dietary interventions to decrease the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
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Faghihzadeh F, Hekmatdoost A, Adibi P. Resveratrol and liver: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 20:797-810. [PMID: 26664429 PMCID: PMC4652315 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.168405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent studies demonstrated that resveratrol has many therapeutic effects on liver disorders. Resveratrol significantly increased survival after liver transplantation, decreased fat deposition, necrosis, and apoptosis which induced by ischemia in Wistar rats. It provided liver protection against chemical, cholestatic, and alcohol injury. Resveratrol can improve glucose metabolism and lipid profile and decrease liver fibrosis and steatosis. Furthermore, it was able to alter hepatic cell fatty acid composition. According to extension of liver disease around the world and necessity of finding new threat, this review critically examines the current preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies on the preventive and therapeutic effects of resveratrol in liver disorders. Materials and Methods: A search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus was undertaken to identify relevant literature using search terms, including “liver,” “hepatic,” and “Resveratrol.” Both in vivo and in vitro studies were included. No time limiting considered for this search. Results: A total of 76 articles were eligible for this review. In these articles, resveratrol shows antioxidative properties in different models of hepatitis resulting in reducing of hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: Resveratrol could reduce hepatic steatosis through modulating the insulin resistance and lipid profile in animals. These high quality preclinical studies propose the potential therapeutic implication of resveratrol in liver disorders especially those with hepatic steatosis. Resveratrol can play a pivotal role in prevention and treatment of liver disorders by reducing hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forouzan Faghihzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Adibi
- Department of Medicine, Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Chang GR, Chen PL, Hou PH, Mao FC. Resveratrol protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and inhibiting inflammation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:1063-71. [PMID: 26949492 PMCID: PMC4764106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol compound that has been shown a promising cardioprotective effect. However, some reports have yielded conflicting findings. Herein, we investigated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of RES in apolipoprotein E (apo E)-deficient mice on a high cholesterol diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, atherosclerosis was induced by feeding a high cholesterol diet to apo E-deficient mice. Then, we examined its effects on weight control, and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and used histopathological methods to analyze morphology and inflammatory marker of atherosclerotic lesions in mice orally supplemented with high (25 mg/kg/day) and low (5 mg/kg/day) doses of RES for 8 weeks. RESULTS Mice with high dose of RES had reduced epididymal fat pads, and lower serum IL-6 levels compared with those of control mice. Moreover, RES in high doses also decreased the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and atherogenic index (LDL-C/HDL-C) in the mice. Dissection of high-dose RES-treated mice revealed a marked reduction in fat deposition, percentage of mice with atherosclerotic lesion, and intima/media ratio in the aortic areas. The expressions of macrophage-specific marker F4/80 and cardiovascular inflammatory marker NF-κB in atherosclerotic vessels were both diminished in the atherosclerotic vessels of high-dose RES-supplementated apo E-deficient mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that RES prevented the effects of a high cholesterol diet on the rate of accretion in atherosclerosis progression by reducing the LDL-C levels and suppressing atherosclerotic inflammation. RES can therefore be valuable in the development of new anti-atherosclerotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, R.O.C,Division of Residual Control, Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substance Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 11 Guangming Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41358, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, R.O.C
| | - Po-Hsun Hou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, R.O.C,Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 160 Chung-Kang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40705, R.O.C
| | - Frank Chiahung Mao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, R.O.C,Corresponding author: Frank Chiahung Mao. Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, R.O.C. Tel: +886-4-22861053; Fax: +886-4-22861053;
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Ji G, Wang Y, Deng Y, Li X, Jiang Z. Resveratrol ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in methionine/choline-deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis through regulating autophagy. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:134. [PMID: 26498332 PMCID: PMC4619480 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease that can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Resveratrol, a naturally occurring phytoalexin, is believed to have therapeutic effects on hepatic steatosis. However, the effect of resveratrol on NASH and the underlying mechanism is not fully illustrated. In the present study, we aimed to exam the effect of resveratrol on methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet or medium-induced hepatic steatosis, oxidation and inflammation, and to explore the possible mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 mice and AML12 cells were treated with MCD alone or in combination with different concentrations of resveratrol (100 mg/kg/day or 250 mg/kg/day for mice and 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L, or 100 μmol/L for cells). Levels of aminotransferases (ALT), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured, concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were determined, and expressions of proteins involved in autophagy were analyzed. RESULTS The results indicate that MCD diet or medium induced NASH in mouse and AML12 cell, which was confirmed by the elevated levels of TG, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ALT and TBARS in mice serum or cell culture medium. Resveratrol administration slowed down NASH progression, decreased the levels of ALT, TG, TBARS, IL-1β, IL-6, downregulated mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and regulated the expressions of proteins involved in autophagy, both in vitro and in vivo. However, an autophagical inhibitor significantly impaired the protective role of resveratrol on liver injury and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol can attenuate hepatic steatosis and inflammation in MCD-induced NASH by regulating autophagy. Thus, resveratrol may be a promising agent for inhibiting lipid accumulation and inflammatory processes associated with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yingxun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China.
| | - Zhuoqin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Phytochemical Compounds and Protection from Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:918069. [PMID: 26504846 PMCID: PMC4609427 DOI: 10.1155/2015/918069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a worldwide relevant socioeconomical problem. Cardiovascular disease prevention relies also on lifestyle changes, including dietary habits. The cardioprotective effects of several foods and dietary supplements in both animal models and in humans have been explored. It was found that beneficial effects are mainly dependent on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, also involving modulation of mitochondrial function. Resveratrol is one of the most studied phytochemical compounds and it is provided with several benefits in cardiovascular diseases as well as in other pathological conditions (such as cancer). Other relevant compounds are Brassica oleracea, curcumin, and berberine, and they all exert beneficial effects in several diseases. In the attempt to provide a comprehensive reference tool for both researchers and clinicians, we summarized in the present paper the existing literature on both preclinical and clinical cardioprotective effects of each mentioned phytochemical. We structured the discussion of each compound by analyzing, first, its cellular molecular targets of action, subsequently focusing on results from applications in both ex vivo and in vivo models, finally discussing the relevance of the compound in the context of human diseases.
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Pozzo L, Pucci L, Buonamici G, Giorgetti L, Maltinti M, Longo V. Effect of white wheat bread and white wheat bread added with bioactive compounds on hypercholesterolemic and steatotic mice fed a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2454-2461. [PMID: 25348650 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of white wheat bread and white wheat bread added with a bioactive compound mixture (Cyclanthera pedata, Glycine max, Monascus-fermented red mold rice, Cynara scolymus and Medicago sativa) were examined on hypercholesterolemic and steatotic mice, divided into four groups: control diet (CTR), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with white wheat bread added with 1.5 g kg(-1) of mixture (HFD+AB) and high-fat diet with white wheat bread (HFD+B). RESULTS Total serum cholesterol in the HFD+AB and HFD+B groups and hepatic triglycerides in the HFD+AB group decreased compared with the HFD group. Liver histology confirmed lower lipid drop accumulation in the HFD+AB group than in the HFD and HFD+B groups. HFD+AB caused a 7.0-fold increase and a 3.5-fold reduction in CYP7A1 and SREBP-1c gene expression respectively compared with the HFD group. Moreover, the HFD+B group showed a 2.2-, 8.4- and 1.5-fold increase in HMG CoA reductase, CYP7A1 and LDLr gene expression respectively compared with the HFD group. CONCLUSION Both the white wheat bread and the added white wheat bread induced cholesterol reduction by increasing CYP7A1. Moreover, the added white wheat bread improved steatosis by decreasing SREBP-1c gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pozzo
- Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pucci
- Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Giorgetti
- Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Longo
- Istituto di Biotecnologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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de Ligt M, Timmers S, Schrauwen P. Resveratrol and obesity: Can resveratrol relieve metabolic disturbances? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Preclinical and clinical evidence for the role of resveratrol in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1155-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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