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Martagon AJ, Zubirán R, González-Arellanes R, Praget-Bracamontes S, Rivera-Alcántara JA, Aguilar-Salinas CA. HDL abnormalities in type 2 diabetes: Clinical implications. Atherosclerosis 2024; 394:117213. [PMID: 37580206 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) represents the primary cause of mortality among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In this population, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles exhibit abnormalities in number, composition, and function, culminating in diminished anti-atherosclerotic capabilities despite normal HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Hyperglycemic conditions contribute to these alterations in HDL kinetics, composition, and function, causing T2DM patients' HDL particles to exhibit decreased concentrations of diverse lipid species and proteins. Treatment of hyperglycemia has the potential to correct abnormal HDL particle attributes in T2DM; however, pharmacological interventions, including metformin and thiazolidinediones, yield inconsistent outcomes with respect to HDL-C concentrations and functionality. Despite numerous attempts with diverse drugs, pharmacologically augmenting HDL-C levels has not resulted in clinical benefits in mitigating ASCVD risk. In contrast, reducing Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) via statins and ezetimibe has demonstrated significant efficacy in curtailing CVD risk among T2DM individuals. Promising results have been observed in animal models and early-phase trials utilizing recombinant HDL and Lecitin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT) -enhancing agents, but the evaluation of their efficacy and safety in large-scale clinical trials is ongoing. While aberrant HDL metabolism constitutes a prevalent aspect of dyslipidemia in T2DM, HDL cholesterol concentrations and composition no longer offer valuable insights for informing therapeutic decisions. Nevertheless, HDL metabolism remains a critical research area in T2DM, necessitating further investigation to elucidate the role of HDL particles in the development of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro J Martagon
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Zubirán
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Samantha Praget-Bracamontes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México City, Mexico; Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, México City, Mexico; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Zhang Y, Luo S, Gao Y, Tong W, Sun S. High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions Remodeling: A Critical Process for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Angiology 2024; 75:441-453. [PMID: 36788038 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231157473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent biomarker of cardiovascular disease. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be a protective factor for atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, raising HDL-C has been widely recognized as a promising strategy to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). However, several studies have found that increasing HDL-C levels does not necessarily reduce the risk of ASCVD. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous in structure, composition, and biological function. Moreover, HDL particles from atherosclerotic patients exhibit impaired anti-atherogenic functions and these dysfunctional HDL particles might even promote ASCVD. This makes it uncertain that HDL-raising therapy will prevent and treat ASCVD. It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the structure and function of HDL subfractions. We review current advances related to HDL subfractions remodeling and highlight how current lipid-modifying drugs such as niacin, statins, fibrates, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors regulate cholesterol concentration of HDL and specific HDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenjuan Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shaowei Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Fu C, Xu J, Chen SL, Chen CB, Liang JJ, Liu Z, Huang C, Wu Z, Ng TK, Zhang M, Liu Q. Profile of Lipoprotein Subclasses in Chinese Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4544. [PMID: 38674129 PMCID: PMC11050298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the plasma lipoprotein subclasses in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a total of 20 Chinese POAG patients on intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering treatment and 20 age-matched control subjects were recruited. Based on the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the study subjects were divided into elevated- and normal-level subgroups. The plasma lipoprotein, lipoprotein subclasses, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels were quantitatively measured. The discrimination potential of the lipoproteins was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and their correlation with clinical parameters was also evaluated. Compared to the control subjects with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels, the levels of TC, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL), LDL subclass LDL3 and small dense LDL (sdLDL), and oxLDL were significantly higher in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels. No differences in any lipoproteins or the subclasses were found between the POAG patients and control subjects with normal TC and LDL-C levels. Moderate-to-good performance of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL, LDL3, sdLDL, and oxLDL was found in discriminating between the POAG patients and control subjects with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels (AUC: 0.710-0.950). Significant negative correlations between LDL3 and sdLDL with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the superior quadrant and between LDL3 and average RNFL thickness were observed in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels. This study revealed a significant elevation of plasma lipoproteins, especially the LDL subclasses, in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C levels, providing insights on monitoring specific lipoproteins in POAG patients with elevated TC and/or LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhen Fu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jianming Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Shao-Lang Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Zibo Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Chukai Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Zhenggen Wu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
| | - Qingping Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China; (C.F.); (J.X.); (S.-L.C.); (C.-B.C.); (J.-J.L.); (Z.L.); (C.H.); (Z.W.); (T.K.N.)
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Chen T, Wu S, Feng L, Long S, Liu Y, Lu W, Chen W, Hong G, Zhou L, Wang F, Luo Y, Zou H. The Association of HDL2b with Metabolic Syndrome Among Normal HDL-C Populations in Southern China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:363-377. [PMID: 38288339 PMCID: PMC10822767 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s446859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The annual prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing. Therefore, early screening and recognition of MetS are critical. This study aimed to evaluate the association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and MetS and to examine whether they could serve as early indicators in a Chinese community-based population with normal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Methods We used microfluidic chip technology to measure HDL subclasses in 463 people with normal HDL levels in 2018. We assessed how HDL subclasses correlated with and predicted insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), evaluated by homeostatic model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the 2009 International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the American Heart Association (AHA), and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) criteria, respectively. We used correlation tests and ROC curves for the analysis. Results The results indicate that there was a negative association between HDL2b% and the risk of IR and MetS in both sexes. Subjects in the highest quartile of HDL2b% had a significantly lower prevalence of IR and MetS than those in the lowest quartile (P<0.01). Correlation analysis between HDL2b% and metabolic risk factors showed that HDL2b% had a stronger association with these factors than HDL-C did in both sexes. ROC curve analysis also showed that HDL2b% had significant diagnostic value for IR and MetS compared to other lipid indicators. Conclusion This study showed that MetS alters the distribution of HDL subclasses even when HDL-C levels are within the normal range. HDL-2b% has better diagnostic value for IR and MetS than HDL-C alone and may be a useful marker for early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiquan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYu Long
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - WenQian Lu
- Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenya Chen
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoai Hong
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuechan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Tian Y, Lu L, Zhang Y, Wei J. The value of Lp(a) and TG/HDLC in peripheral blood to assess the stability of carotid plaque in patients with ischemic stroke. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3355. [PMID: 38376047 PMCID: PMC10761332 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), and the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS A total of 142 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected and divided into group A (59 cases of stable plaque formation) and group B (83 cases of unstable plaque formation) according to the characteristics of carotid artery plaque formation detected by carotid color Doppler ultrasound. The serum Lp(a), lipid metabolism indexes, peripheral blood routine indexes, and related serum inflammatory factors indexes were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve and multivariate logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationship between each index and the formation of carotid unstable plaque. RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between groups A and B (p > .05). The values of Lp(a), TG, and TG/HDL-C in group B were higher than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). There were no significant differences in serum TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C between groups A and B (p > .05). The values of Lp(a), TG, and TG/HDL-C in group B were higher than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). The values of HBA1C, Lp-PLA2, CRP, CysC, Hcy, TNF-α, neutrophils, and NLR in group B were higher than those in group A, and the differences were statistically significant (p < .05). There was no significant difference in FPG, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, Hb, white blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes between groups A and B (p > .05). The results of logistic regression model showed that the increase of Lp(a), TG/HDL-C, HBA1C, Lp-PLA2, CRP, CysC, Hcy, and NLR could increase the risk of carotid artery unstable plaque in patients with ischemic stroke (p < .05). CONCLUSION Lp(a) and TG/HDL-C have certain value in evaluating the stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and the increased levels of LP (a) and TG/HDL-C will significantly increase the risk of carotid unstable plaque in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tian
- Department of NeurologyHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of NeurologyHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yazhao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryHarrison International Peace HospitalHengshiuPeople's Republic of China
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Hussien NR, Al‐Niemi MS, Fahad EH, Al‐Buhadily AK, Al‐Gareeb AI, Al‐Hamash SM, Tsagkaris C, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, Batiha GE. SARS-CoV-2 induced HDL dysfunction may affect the host's response to and recovery from COVID-19. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e861. [PMID: 37249296 PMCID: PMC10187021 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Covid-19 is linked with the development of cardio-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, SARS-Co-2 infection is associated with noteworthy changes in lipid profile, which is suggested as a possible biomarker to support the diagnosis and management of Covid-19. METHODS This paper adopts the literature review method to obtain information about how Covid-19 affects high-risk group patients and may cause severe and critical effects due to the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A narrative and comprehensive review is presented. RESULTS Reducing HDL in Covid-19 is connected to the disease severity and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting that high HDL serum levels could benefit Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 binds HDL, and this complex is attached to the co-localized receptors, facilitating viral entry. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce the development of dysfunctional HDL through different mechanisms, including induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In turn, the induction of dysfunctional HDL induces the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress, increasing Covid-19 severity. CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 is linked with the development of cardio-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia in general and dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. Therefore, the present study aimed to overview the causal relationship between dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, ToxicologyMedicine College of Medicine Al‐Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Nawar R. Hussien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of PharmacyAl‐Farahidi UniversityBagdadIraq
| | - Marwa S. Al‐Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of PharmacyAl‐Farahidi UniversityBagdadIraq
| | | | - Ali K. Al‐Buhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, ToxicologyMedicine College of Medicine Al‐Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | | | - Christos Tsagkaris
- Department of Health SciencesNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP Med AustriaWienAustria
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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McGarrah RW, Ferencik M, Giamberardino SN, Hoffmann U, Foldyna B, Karady J, Ginsburg GS, Kraus WE, Douglas PS, Shah SH. Lipoprotein Subclasses Associated With High-Risk Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Insights From the PROMISE Clinical Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 12:e026662. [PMID: 36565187 PMCID: PMC9973611 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) occur in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease and are often attributed to the rupture of high-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaque (HRP). Blood-based biomarkers that associate with imaging-defined HRP and predict MACE are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS Nuclear magnetic resonance-based lipoprotein particle profiling was performed in the biomarker substudy of the PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) trial (N=4019) in participants who had stable symptoms suspicious for coronary artery disease. Principal components analysis was used to reduce the number of correlated lipoproteins into uncorrelated lipoprotein factors. The association of lipoprotein factors and individual lipoproteins of significantly associated factors with core laboratory determined coronary computed tomographic angiography features of HRP was determined using logistic regression models. The association of HRP-associated lipoproteins with MACE was assessed in the PROMISE trial and validated in an independent coronary angiography biorepository (CATHGEN [Catheterization Genetics]) using Cox proportional hazards models. Lipoprotein factors composed of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses were associated with HRP. In these factors, large HDL (odds ratio [OR], 0.70 [95% CI, 0.56-0.85]; P<0.001) and medium HDL (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72-0.98]; P=0.028) and HDL size (OR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69-0.96]; P=0.018) were associated with HRP in multivariable models. Medium HDL was associated with MACE in PROMISE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63-0.92]; P=0.004), which was validated in the CATHGEN biorepository (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.88-0.94]; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Large and medium HDL subclasses and HDL size inversely associate with HRP features, and medium HDL subclasses inversely associate with MACE in PROMISE trial participants. These findings may aid in the risk stratification of individuals with chest pain and provide insight into the pathobiology of HRP. REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01174550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. McGarrah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC,Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOR
| | | | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School–Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Borek Foldyna
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School–Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Julia Karady
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School–Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA,MTA‐SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular CenterSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - William E. Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC,Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - Pamela S. Douglas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC,Duke Clinical Research InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC,Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC,Duke Clinical Research InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC
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HDL in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: In Search of a Role. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081869. [PMID: 34440638 PMCID: PMC8394469 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been regarded as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) protective factor. Recently, several epidemiological studies, while confirming low plasma levels of HDL-C as an established predictive biomarker for atherosclerotic CVD, indicated that not only people at the lowest levels but also those with high HDL-C levels are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality. This “U-shaped” association has further fueled the discussion on the pathophysiological role of HDL in CVD. In fact, genetic studies, Mendelian randomization approaches, and clinical trials have challenged the notion of HDL-C levels being causally linked to CVD protection, independent of the cholesterol content in low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C). These findings have prompted a reconsideration of the biological functions of HDL that can be summarized with the word “HDL functionality”, a term that embraces the many reported biological activities beyond the so-called reverse cholesterol transport, to explain this lack of correlation between HDL levels and CVD. All these aspects are summarized and critically discussed in this review, in an attempt to provide a background scenario for the “HDL story”, a lipoprotein still in search of a role.
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Balder Y, Vignoli A, Tenori L, Luchinat C, Saccenti E. Exploration of Blood Lipoprotein and Lipid Fraction Profiles in Healthy Subjects through Integrated Univariate, Multivariate, and Network Analysis Reveals Association of Lipase Activity and Cholesterol Esterification with Sex and Age. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050326. [PMID: 34070169 PMCID: PMC8158518 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated blood lipoprotein and lipid fraction profiles, quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance, in a cohort of 844 healthy blood donors, integrating standard univariate and multivariate analysis with predictive modeling and network analysis. We observed a strong association of lipoprotein and lipid main fraction profiles with sex and age. Our results suggest an age-dependent remodulation of lipase lipoprotein activity in men and a change in the mechanisms controlling the ratio between esterified and non-esterified cholesterol in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmijn Balder
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessia Vignoli
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (C.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (C.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM) and Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (C.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Coimbra S, Reis F, Valente MJ, Rocha S, Catarino C, Rocha-Pereira P, Sameiro-Faria M, Bronze-da-Rocha E, Belo L, Santos-Silva A. Subpopulations of High-Density Lipoprotein: Friends or Foes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease? Biomedicines 2021; 9:554. [PMID: 34065648 PMCID: PMC8157071 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, although the altered lipid profile does not explain the number and severity of CVD events. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a heterogeneous (size, composition, and functionality) population of particles with different atherogenic or atheroprotective properties. HDL-cholesterol concentrations per se may not entirely reflect a beneficial or a risk profile for CVD. Large HDL in CKD patients may have a unique proteome and lipid composition, impairing their cholesterol efflux capacity. This lack of HDL functionality may contribute to the paradoxical coexistence of increased large HDL and enhanced risk for CVD events. Moreover, CKD is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and/or hypertension that are able to interfere with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antithrombotic properties of HDL subpopulations. How these changes interfere with HDL functions in CKD is still poorly understood. Further studies are warranted to fully clarify if different HDL subpopulations present different functionalities and/or atheroprotective effects. To achieve this goal, the standardization of techniques would be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Coimbra
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), 4585-116 Gandra-Paredes, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Valente
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Susana Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Catarino
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Petronila Rocha-Pereira
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Sameiro-Faria
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
- Hemodialysis Clinic Hospital Agostinho Ribeiro, 4610-106 Felgueiras, Portugal
| | - Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Luís Belo
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | - Alice Santos-Silva
- UCIBIO\REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.V.); (C.C.); (P.R.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (E.B.-d.-R.); (L.B.); (A.S.-S.)
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Du R, Li M, Wang X, Wang S, Li S, Tian H, Wu Y, Zhang C. LDL-C/HDL-C ratio associated with carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques in male but not female patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:215-220. [PMID: 33058844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the associations between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) with structural and functional early atherosclerosis vascular changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 814 patients with T2DM. Structural atherosclerotic parameters included carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was considered as the functional parameter. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were preformed to identify the associations between LDL-C/HDL-C with atherosclerotic parameters. RESULTS Increased LDL-C/HDL-C corresponded with the increase levels in CIMT and percentage of carotid plaque. LDL-C/HDL-C was found to be positively associated with CIMT both in female and male patients in unadjusted model. This association persisted in male patients but not in female patients after adjusted for other related factors. No association was found between LDL-C/HDL-C with CAVI both in female and male patients. LDL-C/HDL-C was positively associated with the presence of carotid plaque in male patients. However, this association was not found in female patients. CONCLUSION LDL-C/HDL-C was positively associated with CIMT and presence of carotid plaque though not with CAVI in male T2DM patients. However, these associations were not observed in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Suyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Departments of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China.
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Pappa E, Elisaf MS, Kostara C, Bairaktari E, Tsimihodimos VK. Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2964-2978. [PMID: 30714519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies showed no effect of variants altering HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels concerning Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL-C resulted to futility, the usefulness of HDL-C is unclear. OBJECTIVE As the role of HDL-C is currently doubtful, it is suggested that the atheroprotective functions of HDLs can be attributed to the number of HDL particles, and their characteristics including their lipid and protein components. Scientific interest has focused on HDL function and on the causes of rendering HDL particles dysfunctional, whereas the relevance of HDL subclasses with CVD remains controversial. METHODS The present review discusses changes in quality as much as in quantity of HDL in pathological conditions and the connection between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Emphasis is given to the recently available data concerning the cholesterol efflux capacity and the parameters that determine HDL functionality, as well as to recent investigations concerning the associations of HDL subclasses with cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS MR studies or pharmacological interventions targeting HDL-C are not in favor of the hypothesis of HDL-C levels and the relationship with CVD. The search of biomarkers that relate with HDL functionality is needed. Similarly, HDL particle size and number exhibit controversial data in the context of CVD and further studies are needed. CONCLUSION There is no room for the old concept of HDL as a silver bullet,as HDL-C cannot be considered a robust marker and does not reflect the importance of HDL particle size and number. Elucidation of the complex HDL system, as well as the finding of biomarkers, will allow the development of any HDL-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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13
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Ribas VR, Ribas RDMG, Barros MGS, Ribas KHDS, Neto NA, Barros MGS, Martins HADL. Hemodynamics, baroreflex index and blood biomarkers of a patient who died after being affected by COVID-19: case report. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2020; 42:206-211. [PMID: 32646837 PMCID: PMC7301134 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nery Adamy Neto
- Instituto do Cérebro de Pernambuco (ICerPE), Jaboatão dos Guararapes, PE, Brazil
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LDLR Gene Mutation p.Asp360His and Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Mexican Community. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:153-159. [PMID: 32113782 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by an increased LDL-cholesterol (LDLc) serum concentration and premature cardiovascular disease. Screening of small populations where at least one homozygous (HoFH) patient has been identified may be a proper approach for detecting FH patients. Previously, we reported an HoFH patient carrying the mutation p.Asp360His LDLR, who was born in the Mexican community El Triunfo (Quimixtlan, Puebla). AIM OF THE STUDY To identify patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in the community El Triunfo and to describe their clinical and biochemical characteristics. METHODS We studied 308 individuals by quantifying lipid levels and by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Sixteen of 308 individuals presented an LDLc level >170 mg/dL and all of them turned out to be heterozygous for the LDLR p.Asp360His variant. Subsequently, 34 of their first-degree relatives (mainly siblings and parents) were genotyped rendering six additional HeFH patients, which resulted in 22 carriers of the mutated allele. The study of six LDLR polymorphisms in four unrelated individuals from the community (one HoFH and three HeFH) showed the same haplotype combination, suggesting a unique ancestral origin of the mutation. CONCLUSIONS The community El Triunfo, has the highest worldwide frequency ever reported of HeFH, with 7.14% (22/308, equivalent to 1/14 inhabitants). Since the HeFH patients showed variable biochemical expression, we suggest looking for factors with the potential to modify the phenotype. Finally, we stress the importance of establishing accurate LDLc cut-off points applicable to Mexican population for the diagnosis of FH.
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PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein characteristics as cardiovascular biomarkers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e47-e54. [PMID: 31211270 PMCID: PMC6549041 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.84447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is now known to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PON1 concentration and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in patients with proven CVD, cardiovascular risk factors but no CVD (CRF), and in healthy controls (control group). Material and methods A case-control study was carried out with 69 volunteers from the Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico. Clinical parameters, lipid profile, PON1 concentration, PON1 activities (AREase and CMPAase), and HDL subclasses were evaluated. Results Patients with CVD had significantly higher glucose and lower total cholesterol than the control group had (p < 0.01). AREase activity was not different between the control (122.57 ±30.72 U/ml), CRF (115.81 ±32.81 U/ml), and CVD (109.34 ±29.60 U/ml) groups. PON1 concentration was significantly lower in CVD patients than in CRF and control patients (p < 0.001); a positive correlation was observed between AREase activity and PON1 concentration in the CVD group (Rho = 0.58; p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in PON1 level was associated with the CVD group (RRR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09–0.45) but not with the CRF group (RRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 0.89–1.90). Significant differences were observed in HDL 2a and HDL 3a concentrations between the control group and CRF and CVD groups (p < 0.05), but not between the CRF and CVD groups. Conclusions Our data suggest that PON1 status and HDL characteristics could be early biomarkers that predict the potential for developing CVD.
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Li M, Fang H, Hu J. Apelin‑13 ameliorates metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in a rat model of type 2 diabetes with a high‑fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5784-5790. [PMID: 30387843 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Fang
- Department of Cadre Ward, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110031, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Cholesterol efflux capacity of large, small and total HDL particles is unaltered by atorvastatin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2018; 277:72-79. [PMID: 30176567 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research on the biologic activities of HDL, such as cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL composition, has allowed the understanding of the effect of interventions directed to improve cardiovascular risk. Previously, statin therapy has shown conflicting results about its effects on cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL; the underlying mechanisms are unclear but studies with positive effects are associated with an increase of HDL-cholesterol levels. We investigated if 10 weeks of atorvastatin therapy changes HDL efflux capacity and the chemical composition of its subpopulations. METHODS In a before-after design basis, HDL-cholesterol levels, chemical composition and cholesterol efflux capacity from HDL subpopulations isolated by isophynic ultracentrifugation were assessed in plasma samples from 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellito (T2DM) at baseline and after 10 weeks of treatment with 20 mg atorvastatin. Cholesterol efflux was measured from human THP-1 cells using large, light HDL2b and small, dense 3c subpopulations as well as total HDL as acceptors. Changes of cholesterol efflux and chemical composition of HDL after treatment were analyzed. Correlations among variables potentially involved in cholesterol efflux were evaluated. RESULTS A significant decrease of 4% in HDL-cholesterol levels was observed from 47 (42-54) to 45 (39-56) mg/dL, p = 0.02. Cholesterol efflux from total-HDL and HDL2b and 3c subfractions was maintained unchanged after treatment. The total mass of HDL remained unaffected, except for the HDL3a subpopulation accounted for by a significant increase in total protein content. No significant correlations for variables previously known to be associated with cholesterol efflux were found in our study. CONCLUSIONS Short therapy of 10 weeks with 20 mg of atorvastatin does not modify the cholesterol efflux capacity neither the total mass of HDL2b, HDL3c and total HDL. The discrepancy with previous reports may be due to the selective effects among different classes of statins or differences in the approaches to measure cellular cholesterol efflux.
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Grygiel-Górniak B, Ziółkowska-Suchanek I, Kaczmarek E, Mosor M, Nowak J, Puszczewicz M. PPARgamma-2 and ADRB3 polymorphisms in connective tissue diseases and lipid disorders. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:463-472. [PMID: 29606859 PMCID: PMC5868601 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s157186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the research genetic study was to investigate the association between variants (C1431T and Pro12Ala) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARgamma-2) gene, Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene and lipid profile in Polish population including group of 103 patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) and 103 sex-and age-matched controls in context of statin use. Methods Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured by routine methods, followed by genotyping (TagMan® Genotyping Assays, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis). Nearly 30% of CTD patients used statins and 10% of the control group. Results Although there were no differences between alleles and genotypes prevalence between CTD vs control groups, interesting lipid-gene associations were noted in this study. A higher level of triglycerides (TAG) and TAG/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios was observed in CTD patients compared to controls. Similar differences were noted in CTD and control groups without statin treatment. Atherogenic markers: the atherogenic index of plasma, TAG/HDL and low-density lipoprotein/HDL ratio were low in the analyzed groups. Of the six analyzed polymorphisms, the Pro12Pro or C14131C or Trp64Trp genotypes were related to higher TAG and TAG/HDL ratios in patients with CTD; however, the highest TAG values were observed in the presence of the Trp64Trp genotype. Conclusion Lipid disorders were present in both groups independent of statin treatment (mixed dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were observed in the CTD and control groups, respectively). The risk of dyslipidemia increases with age. The presence of Pro12Pro, C14131C and Trp64Trp genotypes is related to higher TAG level in CTDs, and of these the Trp64Trp variant most reliably predicts hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Mosor
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jerzy Nowak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Puszczewicz
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Missimer A, Fernandez ML, DiMarco DM, Norris GH, Blesso CN, Murillo AG, Vergara-Jimenez M, Lemos BS, Medina-Vera I, Malysheva OV, Caudill MA. Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Two Eggs/Day Increased Plasma Carotenoids and Choline without Increasing Trimethyl AmineN-Oxide Concentrations. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:140-148. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1365026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Missimer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Diana M. DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gregory H. Norris
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher N. Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ana Gabriela Murillo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Bruno S. Lemos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Olga V. Malysheva
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marie A. Caudill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Moradi M, Mahmoudi M, Saedisomeolia A, Zahirihashemi R, Koohdani F. The effect of weight loss on HDL subfractions and LCAT activity in two genotypes of APOA-II -265T>C polymorphism. Nutr J 2017; 16:34. [PMID: 28545455 PMCID: PMC5445295 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People may have different responses to the same environmental changes. It has been reported that genome variations may be responsible for these differences. Also, HDL subfractions may be influenced by different genetic variations. The aim of the present study was to determine gene-diet interactions and to evaluate the influence of weight loss on HDL subfractions between two genotypes of -265 T>C APOA-II polymorphism. Methods In the present study, 56 overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from 697 genotype-specified subjects. After matching for gender, age and BMI at the beginning of the study, an equal number of patients remained on each genotype of APOA-II (TT/TC and CC group). After a 6-week calorie restriction program, 44 patients completed the study. Serum HDL subfractions, including HDL2 and HDL3 and LCAT activity, were compared between the two genotypes and, before and after the intervention, were separated in each genotype. Results Serum concentration of HDL and its subfractions decreased significantly due to the weight loss. A comparison of the mean changes between the genotypes showed that HDL3 significantly decreased in the CC genotype while, in the TT/TC group, the serum concentration of HDL2 was significantly reduced. However, the increase of LCAT activity was not significant among the two genotypes. Conclusion A comparison of mean changes of variables within two genotype groups showed that C homozygote carriers lead to a general shift toward larger size HDL subfractions and T allele carriers shift toward smaller size HDL subfractions after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdoost Ave., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Roxana Zahirihashemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdoost Ave., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Momin M, Jia J, Fan F, Li J, Dou J, Chen D, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Relationship between plasma homocysteine level and lipid profiles in a community-based Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:54. [PMID: 28288621 PMCID: PMC5348889 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies established a possible link among hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, there was limited epidemic data concerning the relation between HHcy and lipid profiles, especially in community-based Chinese populations. This study aim to investigate the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level with lipid profiles in a Chinese community-based population without lipid-lowering treatment. Method A total of 4660 Chinese subjects from a cohort of the Shijingshan district in Beijing were included in the analysis. Plasma total Hcy, serum lipid files including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as well as relevant metabolic risk factors were measured. Multivariate regression models adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, vitamin B supplement, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were used to evaluate associations of Hcy and lipid profiles. Result Subjects were 56.75 ± 8.91 years old, and 38.15% were male. Median (IQR) Hcy was 11.98 (10.00–14.93) μmol/L, and 24.4% had HHcy (defined as Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L). Mean (SD) baseline TC was 5.34 ± 0.98 mmol/L, LDL-C was 3.27 ± 0.81 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.43 ± 0.38 mmol/L. Median (IQR) of TG was 1.28 (0.91–1.85) mmol/L. In multivariable linear-regression analyses, lnHcy (ln transformation for Hcy) level was positively associated with lnTG (adjusted β = 0.075, SE = 0.021, P = 0.001). Using Hcy < 15 μmol/L as a reference, HHcy was independently associated with both lnTG (adjusted β = 0.056, SE = 0.020, P = 0.004) and lnHDL (adjusted β = −0.018, SE = 0.009, P = 0.038). In multivariable logistic-regression analyses, HHcy was associated with increasing risk of low HDL-C (HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L; adjusted odds ratio [OR] =1.406, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.143 – 1.728, P = 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; adjusted OR = 1.293, 95% CI: 1.096–1.524, P = 0.002) after adjusting the confounders. However, there were no significant associations between Hcy and TC or LDL-C. Conclusion The present study showed that HHcy was independently associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of HDL-C, which provides evidence that Hcy levels might affect HDL-C and TG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohetaboer Momin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Dou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemic & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Karathanasis SK, Freeman LA, Gordon SM, Remaley AT. The Changing Face of HDL and the Best Way to Measure It. Clin Chem 2016; 63:196-210. [PMID: 27879324 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.257725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is a commonly used lipid biomarker for assessing cardiovascular health. While a central focus has been placed on the role of HDL in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) process, our appreciation for the other cardioprotective properties of HDL continues to expand with further investigation into the structure and function of HDL and its specific subfractions. The development of novel assays is empowering the research community to assess different aspects of HDL function, which at some point may evolve into new diagnostic tests. CONTENT This review discusses our current understanding of the formation and maturation of HDL particles via RCT, as well as the newly recognized roles of HDL outside RCT. The antioxidative, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, antithrombotic, antiinfective, and vasoprotective effects of HDL are all discussed, as are the related methodologies for assessing these different aspects of HDL function. We elaborate on the importance of protein and lipid composition of HDL in health and disease and highlight potential new diagnostic assays based on these parameters. SUMMARY Although multiple epidemiologic studies have confirmed that HDL-C is a strong negative risk marker for cardiovascular disease, several clinical and experimental studies have yielded inconsistent results on the direct role of HDL-C as an antiatherogenic factor. As of yet, our increased understanding of HDL biology has not been translated into successful new therapies, but will undoubtedly depend on the development of alternative ways for measuring HDL besides its cholesterol content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lita A Freeman
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Scott M Gordon
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
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23
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Ramirez A, Hu PP. Low High-Density Lipoprotein and Risk of Myocardial Infarction. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 9:113-7. [PMID: 26692765 PMCID: PMC4670046 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s26624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Low HDL is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. This paper reviews our current understanding of HDL, HDL structure and function, HDL subclasses, the relationship of low HDL with myocardial infarction, HDL targeted therapy, and clinical trials and studies. Furthermore potential new agents, such as alirocumab (praluent) and evolocumab (repatha) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramirez
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA. ; Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - P P Hu
- University of California, Riverside, School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA. ; Riverside Medical Clinic, Riverside, CA, USA
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24
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Spadaro L, Noto D, Privitera G, Tomaselli T, Fede G, Scicali R, Piro S, Fayer F, Altieri I, Averna M, Purrello F. Apolipoprotein AI and HDL are reduced in stable cirrhotic patients with adrenal insufficiency: a possible role in glucocorticoid deficiency. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:347-54. [PMID: 25592451 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.985707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Adrenal insufficiency (AI) has been reported in patients with stable cirrhosis. A lack of substrates has been suggested as a possible contributing pathogenic mechanism leading to glucocorticoid deficiency in these subjects. To better explore this hypothesis, we studied lipoproteins in cirrhotics with and without AI. METHODS A total of 81 cirrhotic patients and 30 normal volunteers were enrolled. The severity of liver disease was graded by Child-Pugh score. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and apolipoprotein AI (Apo-AI) levels were evaluated. HDL subfractions were measured by gradient gel electrophoresis. Adrenal function was assessed by the Low-Dose Short Synacthen Test. RESULTS Cirrhotic patients showed a significant reduction of TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and Apo-AI levels compared with controls. HDL3 was significantly lower, while HDL2 was higher, in cirrhotics compared with the controls. AI was observed in 26 patients. TC, TG, HDL, and Apo-AI were significantly reduced in cirrhotics with AI compared with those with normal adrenal function. HDL2 and HDL3 did not differ between these two groups. Delta cortisol was related to TC (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), TG (r = 0.22, p = 0.05), and Apo-AI (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that Apo-AI and HDL were independently associated with AI. CONCLUSION Our study shows that TC, TG, HDL, and Apo-AI are reduced in cirrhotics with AI. In particular, because both HDL and Apo-AI play a primary role in providing substrates for steroidogenesis to adrenal cells, this deficiency may contribute to the pathogenesis of AI in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Spadaro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Garibaldi Hospital, University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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25
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Krychtiuk KA, Kastl SP, Pfaffenberger S, Pongratz T, Hofbauer SL, Wonnerth A, Katsaros KM, Goliasch G, Gaspar L, Huber K, Maurer G, Dostal E, Oravec S, Wojta J, Speidl WS. Small high-density lipoprotein is associated with monocyte subsets in stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:589-96. [PMID: 25463093 PMCID: PMC4270455 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in structure and function and the role of HDL subfractions in atherogenesis is not well understood. It has been suggested that small HDL may be dysfunctional in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Monocytes are considered to play a key role in atherosclerotic diseases. Circulating monocytes can be divided into three subtypes according to their surface expression of CD14 and CD16. Our aim was to examine whether monocyte subsets are associated with HDL subfractions in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods: We included 90 patients with angiographically stable CAD. Monocyte subsets were defined as classical monocytes (CD14++CD16-; CM), intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+; IM) and non-classical monocytes (CD14+CD16++; NCM). HDL subfractions were measured by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Results: Serum levels of small HDL correlated with circulating pro-inflammatory NCM and showed an inverse relationship to circulating CM independently from other lipid parameters, risk factors, inflammatory parameters or statin treatment regime, respectively. IM were not associated with small HDL. In particular, patients with small HDL levels in the highest tertile showed dramatically increased levels of NCM (14.7 ± 7% vs. 10.7 ± 5% and 10.8 ± 5%; p = 0.006) and a decreased proportion of CM (79.3 ± 7% vs. 83.7 ± 6% and 83.9 ± 6%; p = 0.004) compared to patients in the two lower tertiles. In contrast, intermediate HDL, large HDL and total HDL were not associated with monocyte subset distribution. Conclusion: Small HDL levels are associated with pro-inflammatory NCM and inversely correlated with CM. This may suggest that small HDL could have dysfunctional anti-inflammatory properties in patients with established CAD. Small HDL levels are associated with non-classical monocytes in stable CAD. Classical monocytes are inversely associated with small HDL levels. Associations are independent of other lipid parameters, risk factors, inflammatory parameters or statin treatment regime. Inflammatory markers do not vary according to small HDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan P Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Pfaffenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian L Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Wonnerth
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stanislav Oravec
- Krankenanstalten Dr. Dostal, Vienna, Austria; 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Gugliucci A, Menini T. Paraoxonase 1 and HDL maturation. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 439:5-13. [PMID: 25261854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics and function of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is becoming an important issue in atherosclerosis. Low PON1 activity has been consistently linked with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events in the setting of secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that there is a specific interaction of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-apoAI-PON1 on HDL surface that seems to be germane to atherogenesis. MPO specifically inhibits PON1 and PON1 mitigates MPO effects. Surprisingly, very little is known about the routes by which PON1 gets integrated into HDL or its fate during HDL remodeling in the intravascular space. We have developed a method that assesses PON1 activity in the individual HDL subclasses with the aid of which we have shown that PON1 is present across the HDL particle range and preferentially in HDL3, confirming data from ultracentrifugation (UC) studies. Upon HDL maturation ex vivo PON1 is activated and it shows a flux to both smaller and larger HDL particles as well as to VLDL and sdLDL. At the same time apoE, AI and AII are shifted across particle sizes. PON1 activation and flux across HDL particles are blocked by CETP and LCAT inhibitors. In a group of particles with such a complex biology as HDL, knowledge of the interaction between apo-lipoproteins, lipids and enzymes is key for an increased understanding of the yet multiple unknown features of its function. Solving the HDL paradox will necessitate the development of techniques to explore HDL function that are practical and well adapted to clinical studies and eventually become useful in patient monitoring. The confluence of proteomic, functional studies, HDL subclasses, PON1 assays and zymogram will yield data to draw a more elaborate and comprehensive picture of the function of HDL. It must be noted that all these studies are static and conducted in the fasting state. The crucial phase will be achieved when human kinetic studies (both in the fasting and post-prandial states) on HDL-PON1, apoA-I and lipid fate in the circulation are carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Teresita Menini
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Touro University California College of Osteopathic Medicine, Vallejo, CA, USA
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27
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Dutheil F, Walther G, Chapier R, Mnatzaganian G, Lesourd B, Naughton G, Verney J, Fogli A, Sapin V, Duclos M, Vinet A, Obert P, Courteix D, Lac G. Atherogenic subfractions of lipoproteins in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by physical activity and diet - the RESOLVE trial. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:112. [PMID: 25015177 PMCID: PMC4115215 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to comprehensively evaluate lipoprotein profile including lipid particle size following a lifestyle intervention in metabolic syndrome (MetS) volunteers and to assess the associations between lipoprotein subfractions and carotid-intima-media-thickness (CIMT) – a surrogate indicator of atherogenesis. Methods 100 participants (50–70 years) from the RESOLVE trial, underwent a one-year follow-up beginning with a three-week residential program combining high exercise volume (15-20 h/week), restrictive diet (-500 kcal/day), and education. For baseline references, 40 aged-matched healthy controls were recruited. Independent associations between subfractions of lipoproteins and CIMT were evaluated using a generalized estimating equations model accounting for variation in correlations between repeated measures. The lipoprotein subfractions profile was assessed using Lipoprint® electrophoresis allowing to separate: the very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction, then the intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) C, B and A, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with subfractions 1 and 2 as large LDL and subfractions 3 to 7 as small dense LDL (sdLDL), and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions categorized into large, intermediate, and small HDL. Apolipoproteins A1 and B were also measured. Results 78 participants completed the program. At baseline, apolipoproteins B/A1, VLDL, sdLDL and small HDL were higher in MetS than in healthy controls; IDL, LDL size, large and intermediate HDL were lower. Despite time-related regains during the follow-up, lipoprotein subfractions traditionally involved in cardiovascular risk, such as sdLDL, improved immediately after the residential program with values closest to those of healthy controls. CIMT improved throughout the lifestyle intervention. Using a generalized estimating equations model, none of the subfractions of lipoproteins nor apolipoproteins were linked to CIMT. Conclusions Lipoprotein subfractions traditionally involved in CVR, decreased after the 3-week residential program. During a 12 month follow-up, the time-related regains remained closer to the values of healthy controls than they were at baseline. CIMT improved throughout the lifestyle intervention. However, we failed to demonstrate a link between some lipoprotein subfractions and the atherogenicity directly measured from the wall thickness of arteries (CIMT). Further investigations are required to explore the atherogenicity of lipoprotein subfractions. Trial registration NCT00917917
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Geraldine Naughton
- School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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28
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Abstract
During infections or acute conditions high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decrease very rapidly and HDL particles undergo profound changes in their composition and function. These changes are associated with poor prognosis following endotoxemia or sepsis and data from genetically modified animal models support a protective role for HDL. The same is true for some parasitic infections, where the key player appears to be a specific and minor component of HDL, namely apoL-1. The ability of HDL to influence cholesterol availability in lipid rafts in immune cells results in the modulation of toll-like receptors, MHC-II complex, as well as B- and T-cell receptors, while specific molecules shuttled by HDL such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contribute to immune cells trafficking. Animal models with defects associated with HDL metabolism and/or influencing cell cholesterol efflux present features related to immune disorders. All these functions point to HDL as a platform integrating innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the connection between HDL and immunity in atherosclerosis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Pirillo
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Ospedale Bassini, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy The Blizard Institute, Centre for Diabetes, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
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29
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Yan F, Tian L, Xiao Z, Li S, Fu M, Tian H. Comparison of the efficacy of fenofibrate and acipimox on plasma lipoprotein subclasses distribution in the Chinese population with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhu Xiao
- Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingde Fu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Lu WA, Kuo CD. Three months of Tai Chi Chuan exercise can reduce serum triglyceride and endothelin-1 in the elderly. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013; 19:204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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31
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Long S, Chen Z, Han Y, Christopher DM, Zhang C, Yang Y, Tian Y. Relationship between the distribution of plasma HDL subclasses and the polymorphisms of APOA5 in hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:733-9. [PMID: 23499587 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to examine the possible associations between high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution and APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism in hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS The distribution of HDL subclasses was quantified by 2-dimensional electrophoresis in conjunction with immunodetection method. The APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism was identified in 95 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) patients and 102 healthy subjects by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The APOA5-1131C (C) allele frequency was higher in the HTG group than in the control group. Plasma triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher and apoA5 was significantly lower in patients with the C allele when compared to patients with the APOA5-1131T (T) allele, even more dramatically so in the APOA5-1131CC homozygote. In both the HTG group and the control group, the frequency of the C allele was positively correlated with levels of TG, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), and negatively correlated with levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) (P<0.001). In all subjects, the frequency of the C allele was positively correlated with the level of small-sized HDL (preβ(1)-HDL and HDL(3a)), and negatively correlated with levels of HDL(2a) and HDL(2b). CONCLUSION Changes in HDL subclass distributions in HTG may be related to the APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism. This polymorphism leads to a general shift towards smaller-sized HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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32
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Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL. High-density lipoprotein subfractions--what the clinicians need to know. Cardiology 2013; 124:116-25. [PMID: 23428644 DOI: 10.1159/000346463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the inverse relationship between plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and cardiovascular disease has been largely demonstrated, many observations have suggested that the assessment of HDL functionality might be more informative than a simple measurement of HDL-cholesterol plasma levels. HDLs are a class of structurally and functionally heterogeneous particles; in atherosclerosis-related diseases, changes in HDL subfraction levels and functions are frequently observed. Circulating levels of large HDL particles are decreased in dyslipidaemic conditions, while levels of small dense HDL particles are increased in patients with coronary heart disease. Furthermore, specific genetic defects in proteins involved in HDL metabolism significantly impact the distribution of HDL subpopulations. Finally, many drugs used for dyslipidaemia induce changes in HDL subfractions strictly related to cardiovascular disease. Although several methods exist to evaluate HDL subclass levels, most of them are not easily applicable in clinical practice, due to the costs and high variability. However, the possibility to measure the levels of specific HDL subfractions in patients with atherosclerosis-related diseases might help to better define their cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
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Mietus-Snyder ML, Shigenaga MK, Suh JH, Shenvi SV, Lal A, McHugh T, Olson D, Lilienstein J, Krauss RM, Gildengoren G, McCann JC, Ames BN. A nutrient-dense, high-fiber, fruit-based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2-wk trial. FASEB J 2012; 26:3515-27. [PMID: 22549511 PMCID: PMC3405270 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake modulates disease risk, but little is known how components within food mixtures affect pathophysiology. A low-calorie, high-fiber, fruit-based nutrient-dense bar of defined composition (e.g., vitamins and minerals, fruit polyphenolics, β-glucan, docosahexaenoic acid) appropriate for deconstruction and mechanistic studies is described and evaluated in a pilot trial. The bar was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk biomarkers were measured after 2 wk twice-daily consumption of the bar, and compared against baseline controls in 25 healthy adults. Plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) increased 6.2% (P=0.001), due primarily to a 28% increase in large HDL (HDL-L; P<0.0001). Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) decreased 19% (P=0.017), and glutathione (GSH) increased 20% (P=0.011). The changes in HDL and Hcy are in the direction associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline; increased GSH reflects improved antioxidant defense. Changes in biomarkers linked to insulin resistance and inflammation were not observed. A defined food-based supplement can, within 2 wk, positively impact metabolic biomarkers linked to disease risk. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic/deconstruction experiments to identify critical bar components and putative synergistic combinations responsible for observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Mietus-Snyder
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Mark K. Shigenaga
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Jung H. Suh
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Swapna V. Shenvi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Ashutosh Lal
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Tara McHugh
- Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Don Olson
- Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Ginny Gildengoren
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Joyce C. McCann
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
| | - Bruce N. Ames
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; and
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Are hsCRP Levels and LDL/HDL Ratio Better and Early Markers to Unmask Onset of Dyslipidemia and Inflammation in Asymptomatic Subclinical Hypothyroidism? Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 27:284-9. [PMID: 26405389 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The implications of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are many amongst which the most important is progression to overt hypothyroidism. Other debatable aspects are its association with cardiovascular risk, neuromuscular and psychiatric dysfunction, increased predisposition to developing metabolic syndrome and an underlying pro-inflammatory state. We aimed to study the lipid profile, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and hsCRP levels and insulin resistance in a group of patients with SCH in a referral hospital and see if any significant differences exist between them and euthyroids. This is a case-control study where the selection of controls and cases was based on the thyroid profile. Subjects were selected on their visit to clinical biochemistry lab for thyroid function tests. 33 euthyroids were taken as controls (Group I) and 38 patients comprising of subclinical hypothyroids were grouped as cases (Group II). Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was in the range of 0.5-5.0 mIU/L for euthyroids and for subclinical hypothyroids the concentration of TSH was more than 5 mIU/L. The concentration of tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were in normal reference range in both the groups. Individual lipid profile parameters failed to show a significant p value between cases and controls. The LDL/HDL ratio was highly significant (p value < 0.0001) and hsCRP was also statistically between the two groups (p value = 0.0054). Lp(a) and insulin resistance did not differ significantly. SCH is a common disorder that frequently progresses to overt hypothyroidism. This study underlines the importance of LDL/HDL ratio rather than measurement of individual lipid profile parameters in bringing to light the dyslipidemic state associated with SCH. Moreover the use of hsCRP to detect an underlying pro-inflammatory state in SCH can also be emphasized.
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Santos PCJL, Oliveira TGM, Lemos PA, Mill JG, Krieger JE, Pereira AC. MYLIP p.N342S polymorphism is not associated with lipid profile in the Brazilian population. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:83. [PMID: 22741812 PMCID: PMC3439349 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent study investigated the MYLIP region in the Mexican population in order to fine-map the actual susceptibility variants of this locus. The p.N342S polymorphism was identified as the underlying functional variant accounting for one of the previous signals of genome-wide association studies and the N342 allele was associated with higher cholesterol concentrations in Mexican dyslipidemic individuals. To date, there is no further evaluation on this genotype-phenotype association in the literature. In this scenario, and because of a possible pharmacotherapeutic target of dyslipidemia, the main aim of this study was to assess the influence of the MYLIP p.N342S polymorphism on lipid profile in Brazilian individuals. METHODS 1295 subjects of the general population and 1425 consecutive patients submitted to coronary angiography were selected. General characteristics, biochemical tests, blood pressures, pulse wave velocity, and coronary artery disease scores were analyzed. Genotypes for the MYLIP rs9370867 (p.N342S, c.G1025A) polymorphism were detected by high resolution melting analysis. RESULTS No association of the MYLIP rs9370867 genotypes with lipid profile, hemodynamic data, and coronary angiographic data was found. Analysis stratified by hyperlipidemia, gender, and ethnicity was also performed and the sub-groups presented similar results. In both general population and patient samples, the MYLIP rs9370867 polymorphism was differently distributed according to ethnicity. In the general population, subjects carrying GG genotypes had higher systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and mean BP values (129.0 ± 23.3; 84.9 ± 14.6; 99.5 ± 16.8 mmHg) compared with subjects carrying AA genotypes (123.7 ± 19.5; 81.6 ± 11.8; 95.6 ± 13.6 mmHg) (p = 0.01; p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively), even after adjustment for covariates. However, in analysis stratified by ethnicity, this finding was not found and there is no evidence that the polymorphism influences BP. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that association studies involving this MYLIP variant can present distinct results according to the studied population. In this moment, further studies are needed to reaffirm if the MYLIP p.N342S polymorphism is functional or not, and to identify other functional markers within this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo C J L Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Carlucci A, Cigliano L, Maresca B, Spagnuolo MS, Di Salvo G, Calabrò R, Abrescia P. LCAT cholesterol esterification is associated with the increase of ApoE/ApoA-I ratio during atherosclerosis progression in rabbit. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 68:541-53. [PMID: 22562159 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein E promote different steps of reverse cholesterol transport, including lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase stimulation. Our aim was to study the changes in the levels of Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein E, and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity during atherosclerosis progression in rabbits. Quantitative echocardiographic parameters were analyzed in order to evaluate, for the first time, whether atherosclerosis progression in rabbit is associated to apolipoproteins changes and alteration of indices of cardiac function, such as systolic strain and strain rate of the left ventricle. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding rabbits for 8 weeks with 2 % cholesterol diet. The HDL levels of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were measured by HPLC. The lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity was evaluated both ex vivo, as cholesteryl esters/cholesterol molar ratio, and in vitro. Apolipoproteins levels were analyzed by ELISA. The HDL levels of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters increased, during treatment, up to 3.7- and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to control animals. The lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in vitro was halved after 4 weeks. During cholesterol treatment, Apolipoprotein A-I level significantly decreased, whereas Apolipoprotein E concentration markedly increased. The molar ratio Apolipoprotein E/Apolipoprotein A-I was negatively correlated with the enzyme activity, and positively correlated with both increases in the intima-media thickness of common carotid wall and cardiac dysfunction signs, such as systolic strain and strain rate of the left ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carlucci
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche-Sezione di Fisiologia ed Igiene, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy
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Tian L, Fu M. The relationship between high density lipoprotein subclass profile and apolipoprotein concentrations. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:461-72. [PMID: 21747218 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The HDL fraction in human plasma is heterogeneous in terms of size, shape, composition, and surface charge. The HDL subclasses contents were quantified by 2-dimensional non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and image analysis. This research review systematically analyzed the relationship between the contents of HDL subclasses and the concentrations and ratios of the 5 major plasma apolipoproteins (apo). As the concentration of apoA-I increases, the contents of all HDL subclasses increase significantly. The most significant association was observed between large-sized HDL2b contents and apoA-I. ApoA-II played a dual function in the contents of HDL subclasses, and both small-sized HDL3b and HDL3a and large-sized HDL2b tended to increase with apoA-II concentration. An increase in the concentrations of apoC-II, C-III, and B-100 resulted in higher levels of small-sized HDL particles and lower levels of large-sized HDL particles. Plasma apoB- 100, apoC-II, and apoC-III appear to play a coordinated role in assembly of HDL particles and the determination of their contents. Higher concentrations of apoA-I could inhibit the reduction in content of large-sized HDL2b effected by apoB-100, C-II, and C-III. The preβ1-HDL contents increased significantly and those of HDL2b declined progressively with an increased apoB-100/apoA-I or a decreased apoC-III/apoC-II ratio. In summary, each apo has distinct but interrelated roles in HDL particle generation and metabolism. ApoA-I and apoC-II concentrations are independent determinants of HDL subtypes in circulation and apoA-I levels might be a more powerful factor to influence HDL subclasses distribution. Moreover, apoB- 100/apoA-I ratio could reliably and sensitively reflect the HDL subclass profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our purpose is to review recent findings highlighting the metabolic and functional diversity of HDL subspecies. RECENT FINDINGS HDL heterogeneity - both structural and functional - is the main focus of this review. Recent work indicates that the metabolism and functionality of HDL particles differ greatly among HDL subspecies. With the introduction of new and improved methodology (e.g., proteomics), new aspects of the structural complexity and functionality of HDL have been revealed. It has been confirmed that HDL functions - including, but not limited to decreasing inflammation, apoptosis, macrophage adhesion to the endothelium and insulin resistance - are due to HDL's ability to remove cholesterol from cells (reverse cholesterol transport). A new level of HDL complexity has recently been revealed by investigating the lipid composition of HDL with gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. There are about 100 different HDL-associated proteins; however, there are many more lipid species potentially associated with HDL particles. SUMMARY The most important recent findings disclose that HDL is more complex than previously thought. HDL subclasses differ in physical-chemical properties, protein and lipid composition, metabolism, physiological functions and pathophysiological significance. The staggering complexity of HDL demands significantly more investigation before we can truly begin to understand HDL metabolism and function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela F Asztalos
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Caspi RR, Silver PB, Luger D, Tang J, Cortes LM, Pennesi G, Mattapallil MJ, Chan CC. Mouse models of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Ophthalmic Res 2008; 40:169-74. [PMID: 18421234 DOI: 10.1159/000119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis, induced by immunization of mice with the retinal protein IRBP, was developed in our laboratory 20 years ago and published in 1988. Since that time it has been adopted by many investigators and has given rise to many studies that helped elucidate genetic influences, dissect the basic mechanisms of pathogenesis and test novel immunotherapeutic paradigms. The current overview will summarize the salient features of the experimental autoimmune uveitis model and discuss its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1857, USA
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