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Wilson P, Patton D, O'Connor T, Boland F, Budri AM, Moore Z, Phelan N. Biomarkers of local inflammation at the skin's surface may predict both pressure and diabetic foot ulcers. J Wound Care 2024; 33:630-635. [PMID: 39287043 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2024.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This commentary considers the similarities which exist between pressure ulcers (PUs) and diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). It aims to describe what is known to be shared-both in theory and practice-by these wound types. It goes on to detail the literature surrounding the role of inflammation in both wound types. PUs occur following prolonged exposure to pressure or pressure in conjunction with shear, either due to impaired mobility or medical devices. As a result, inflammation occurs, causing cell damage. While DFUs are not associated with immobility, they are associated with altered mobility occurring as a result of complications of diabetes. The incidence and prevalence of both types of lesions are increased in the presence of multimorbidity. The prediction of either type of ulceration is challenging. Current risk assessment practices are reported to be ineffective at predicting when ulceration will occur. While systemic inflammation is easily measured, the presence of local or subclinical inflammation is harder to discern. In patients at risk of either DFUs or PUs, clinical signs and symptoms of inflammation may be masked, and systemic biomarkers of inflammation may not be elevated sufficiently to predict imminent damage until ulceration appears. The current literature suggests that the use of local biomarkers of inflammation at the skin's surface, namely oedema and temperature, may identify early tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Wilson
- St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan Patton
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Fakeeh College of Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tom O'Connor
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Fakeeh College of Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Lida Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Fiona Boland
- Data Science, School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aglecia Mv Budri
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zena Moore
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Fakeeh College of Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- Lida Institute, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
- University of Wales, Cardiff, UK
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Gibon E, Takakubo Y, Zwingenberger S, Gallo J, Takagi M, Goodman SB. Friend or foe? Inflammation and the foreign body response to orthopedic biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1172-1187. [PMID: 37656958 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials and implants for joint replacement, fracture fixation, spinal stabilization and other orthopedic indications has revolutionized patient care by reliably decreasing pain and improving function. These surgical procedures always invoke an acute inflammatory reaction initially, that in most cases, readily subsides. Occasionally, chronic inflammation around the implant develops and persists; this results in unremitting pain and compromises function. The etiology of chronic inflammation may be specific, such as with infection, or be unknown. The histological hallmarks of chronic inflammation include activated macrophages, fibroblasts, T cell subsets, and other cells of the innate immune system. The presence of cells of the adaptive immune system usually indicates allergic reactions to metallic haptens. A foreign body reaction is composed of activated macrophages, giant cells, fibroblasts, and other cells often distributed in a characteristic histological arrangement; this reaction is usually due to particulate debris and other byproducts from the biomaterials used in the implant. Both chronic inflammation and the foreign body response have adverse biological effects on the integration of the implant with the surrounding tissues. Strategies to mitigate chronic inflammation and the foreign body response will enhance the initial incorporation and longevity of the implant, and thereby, improve long-term pain relief and overall function for the patient. The seminal research performed in the laboratory of Dr. James Anderson and co-workers has provided an inspirational and driving force for our laboratory's work on the interactions and crosstalk among cells of the mesenchymal, immune, and vascular lineages, and orthopedic biomaterials. Dr. Anderson's delineation of the fundamental biologic processes and mechanisms underlying acute and chronic inflammation, the foreign body response, resolution, and eventual functional integration of implants in different organ systems has provided researchers with a strategic approach to the use of biomaterials to improve health in numerous clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Gibon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuya Takakubo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Stefan Zwingenberger
- University Center for Orthopaedics, Traumatology, and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc Teaching Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and (by courtesy) Bioengineering, Stanford University Medical Center Outpatient Center, California, USA
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Byrne L, Guiry PJ. Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Specialised Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs). Molecules 2024; 29:2233. [PMID: 38792095 PMCID: PMC11124040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article assembles key recent advances in the synthetic chemistry and biology of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). The major medicinal chemistry developments in the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of synthetic SPM analogues of lipoxins and resolvins have been discussed. These include variations in the top and bottom chains, as well as changes to the triene core, of lipoxins, all changes intended to enhance the metabolic stability whilst retaining or improving biological activity. Similar chemical modifications of resolvins are also discussed. The biological evaluation of these synthetic SPMs is also described in some detail. Original investigations into the biological activity of endogenous SPMs led to the pairing of these ligands with the FPR2/LX receptor, and these results have been challenged in more recent work, leading to conflicting results and views, which are again discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland
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Sharma VK, Prateeksha P, Singh SP, Rao CV, Singh BN. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis bioactive extract ameliorates LPS-induced inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117382. [PMID: 37925001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. is a mythical plant used in traditional Indian medicinal systems for the treatment of inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and pain-related responses. However, its bioactive compounds and underlying mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation aimed to study the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of the bioactive extract of N. arbor-tristis (NATE), both in vitro and in vivo, elucidate the possible mechanism of action, and determine its chemicals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of NATE on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, paw-ear edema, and acetic acid-induced pain in rats and analysed its chemical components using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS). RESULTS NATE efficiently reduced the production of various inflammatory mediators and factors, such as free radicals, lipid peroxidation, nitrous oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-10, as well as their corresponding mRNA expression in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.001). Furthermore, NATE inhibited the activation of a key signaling pathway, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), as it caused a decrease in the degradation of inhibitor of kB alpha (IkBa). Administration of NATE significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema (p < 0.001), TPA-induced ear edema, and the production of inflammatory factors (p < 0.01). NATE revealed anti-nociceptive impacts in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion experiments (p < 0.001) as well as no toxicity signs. A total of six compounds, namely iridoid glycoside (6,7-di-O-benzonylnyctanthoside), arborsides A, arborsides C, betulinic acid, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, were characterized through the examination of their mass spectra in correlation with those documented in a database of mass spectra. CONCLUSIONS The present study furnishes scientific corroboration of the inhibitory potency of N. arbor-tristis as a promising herbal treatment for inflammation and pain responses without toxicity, offering a scientific basis for future drug development strategies aimed at ameliorating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Sharma
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Prateeksha Prateeksha
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Chandana V Rao
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Brahma N Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Boarescu I, Boarescu PM, Pop RM, Bocșan IC, Gheban D, Bulboacă AE, Buzoianu AD, Bolboacă SD. Zingiber officinale Root Capsule Extract Synergistically Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1781. [PMID: 38339059 PMCID: PMC10855350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root capsule extract (GRCE) in doses of 100 mg/kg b.w. (body weight) and 200 mg/kg b.w. alone and in combination with a low dose (5 mg/kg b.w.) of diclofenac sodium (D) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation (AI). The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D offered the highest inhibition percentage for edema, reaching the maximum level of inhibition (95%) after 24 h. The association of GRCE in a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. with D showed the ability to reduce tissue inflammatory changes when compared to D alone, while GRCE alone did not exhibit such properties. The association of both doses of GRCE with D showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by up to 55% (p ≤ 0.0317), with the best results obtained by the group who received GRCE in the higher dose. These associations reduced the serum and tissue levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) by up to 71% (p ≤ 0.0371). In conclusion, the association of GRCE with a low dose of D could be an appropriate combination to decrease the dose used to reduce serum and tissue levels of inflammatory molecules, edema, and histological changes in acute inflammation. Further research will be necessary to achieve clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Boarescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul-Mihai Boarescu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocșan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Gheban
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor Street, No. 3–5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Department of Pathophysiology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş Street, No. 2–4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Louis Pasteur Street, No. 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Babbar R, Kaur A, Vanya, Arora R, Gupta JK, Wal P, Tripathi AK, Koparde AA, Goyal P, Ramniwas S, Gulati M, Behl T. Impact of Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Various Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1880-1893. [PMID: 38818920 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128299615240513174041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is an individual's physiological response to a sequence of physical, chemical, or infectious stressors acting mainly to provide localized protection. Although inflammation is a protective and thus beneficial process, its excess or prolonged action can be harmful to the body. An increasing number of the population worldwide are changing their lifestyles, which leads to a rise in inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ulcerative colitis, cancer, and many more. Their treatment is based majorly on the pharmacological approach. However, natural products or bioactive compounds are of great significance in inflammation therapy because they show minimum side effects and maximum bioavailability. Therefore, it is critical to investigate bioactive substances that can modify target functions associated with oxidative stress defense and might be used to achieve various health benefits. This review accentuates the essence of bioactive chemicals used in the treatment of inflammation and other inflammatory illnesses. These bioactive compounds can be of any origin, such as plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, marine invertebrates, etc. Bioactive compounds derived from plant sources, such as glycyrrhizin, lignans, lycopene, resveratrol, indoles, and phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, work mainly by reducing oxidative stress and thereby preventing various inflammatory disorders. A large diversity of these anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds has also been discovered in marine environments, giving rise to an increase in the interest of various scientists in marine invertebrates and microbes. The vast diversity of microbes found in the marine environment represents an enormous supply to extract novel compounds, such as from bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, microalgae, tiny invertebrates, etc. In the present review, an attempt has been made to summarize such novel bioactive compounds that help prevent inflammatory responses via different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritchu Babbar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Arpanpreet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Vanya
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 209305, India
| | | | - Akshada Amit Koparde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Karad 415110, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradeep Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Saraswati College of Pharmacy, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 1444411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Singh S, Sharma K, Sharma H. Green Extracts with Metal-based Nanoparticles for Treating Inflammatory Diseases: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:544-570. [PMID: 37278036 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230602164325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, high death rates and poor quality of life are caused mainly by inflammatory diseases. Corticosteroids, which may have systemic side effects and would enhance the risk of infection, are the common forms of therapy. The field of nanomedicine has created composite nanoparticles that carry a pharmacological carrier and target ligands for distribution to sites of inflammation with less systemic toxicity. However, their relatively large size often causes systemic clearance. An interesting approach is metal-based nanoparticles that naturally reduce inflammation. They are made not only to be small enough to pass through biological barriers but also to allow label-free monitoring of their interactions with cells. The following literature review discusses the mechanistic analysis of the anti-inflammatory properties of several metal-based nanoparticles, including gold, silver, titanium dioxide, selenium, and zinc oxide. Current research focuses on the mechanisms by which nanoparticles infiltrate cells and the anti-inflammatory techniques using herbal extracts-based nanoparticles. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the literature on many environmentally friendly sources employed in nanoparticle production and the mechanisms of action of various nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Khushi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh-281406, India
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Cates WT, Denbeigh JM, Salvagno RT, Kakar S, van Wijnen AJ, Eaton C. Inflammatory Markers Involved in the Pathogenesis of Dupuytren's Contracture. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-35. [PMID: 38912961 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2024052889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Dupuytren's disease is a common fibroproliferative disease that can result in debilitating hand deformities. Partial correction and return of deformity are common with surgical or clinical treatments at present. While current treatments are limited to local procedures for relatively late effects of the disease, the pathophysiology of this connective tissue disorder is associated with both local and systemic processes (e.g., fibrosis, inflammation). Hence, a better understanding of the systemic circulation of Dupuytren related cytokines and growth factors may provide important insights into disease progression. In addition, systemic biomarker analysis could yield new concepts for treatments of Dupuytren that attenuate circulatory factors (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, neutralizing antibodies). Progress in the development of any disease modifying biologic treatment for Dupuytren has been hampered by the lack of clinically useful biomarkers. The characterization of nonsurgical Dupuytren biomarkers will permit disease staging from diagnostic and prognostic perspectives, as well as allows evaluation of biologic responses to treatment. Identification of such markers may transcend their use in Dupuytren treatment, because fibrotic biological processes fundamental to Dupuytren are relevant to fibrosis in many other connective tissues and organs with collagen-based tissue compartments. There is a wide range of potential Dupuytren biomarker categories that could be informative, including disease determinants linked to genetics, collagen metabolism, as well as immunity and inflammation (e.g., cytokines, chemokines). This narrative review provides a broad overview of previous studies and emphasizes the importance of inflammatory mediators as candidate circulating biomarkers for monitoring Dupuytren's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Cates
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Sanjeev Kakar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Hui-Beckman JW, Goleva E, Leung DYM, Kim BE. The impact of temperature on the skin barrier and atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:713-719. [PMID: 37595740 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a global threat to public health and causes or worsens various diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic, infectious, cardiovascular diseases, physical injuries, and mental disorders. The incidence of allergy, such as AD, has increased over the past several decades, and environmental factors such as climate change have been implicated as a potential mechanism. A substantial amount of literature has been published on the impact of climate factors, including cold and hot temperatures, on the skin barrier and AD. Studies in several countries have found a greater incidence of AD in children born in the colder seasons of fall and winter. The effect of cold and warm temperatures on itch, skin flares, increased outpatient visits, skin barrier dysfunction, development of AD, and asthma exacerbations have been reported. Understanding mechanisms by which changes in temperature influence allergies is critical to the development of measures for the prevention and treatment of allergic disorders, such as AD and asthma. Low and high temperatures induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators such as interleukin-1β, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and prostaglandin E2, and cause itch and flares by activation of TRPVs such as TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4. TRPV antagonists may attenuate temperature-mediated itch, skin barrier dysfunction, and exacerbation of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Goleva
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Donald Y M Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.
| | - Byung Eui Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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10
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Myburgh J, Liebenberg W, Willers C, Dube A, Gerber M. Investigation and Evaluation of the Transdermal Delivery of Ibuprofen in Various Characterized Nano-Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2413. [PMID: 37896173 PMCID: PMC10610253 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to assess the suitability of three nano-based transdermal drug delivery systems containing ibuprofen: a nano-emulsion, a nano-emulgel, and a colloidal suspension with ibuprofen-loaded nanoparticles. Understanding the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen using nano-based drug delivery systems can lead to more effective pain relief and improved patient compliance. Characterization tests assessed the suitability of the developed drug delivery systems. Membrane release and skin diffusion studies, along with tape stripping, were performed to determine drug release and skin permeation of ibuprofen. In vitro cytotoxicity studies on HaCaT cells were conducted using MTT and neutral red assays to evaluate the safety of the developed drug delivery systems. Characterization studies confirmed stable drug delivery systems with ideal properties for transdermal delivery. Membrane release studies demonstrated the successful release of ibuprofen. In vitro skin diffusion experiments and tape stripping, detecting ibuprofen in the receptor phase, stratum corneum-epidermis, and epidermis-dermis, indicating successful transdermal and topical delivery. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies observed only minor cytotoxic effects on HaCaT cells, indicating the safety of the developed drug delivery systems. The investigation demonstrated promising results for the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen using the developed drug delivery systems, which contributes to valuable insights that may lead to improved pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanri Myburgh
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.M.); (W.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Wilna Liebenberg
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.M.); (W.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Clarissa Willers
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.M.); (W.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Admire Dube
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (J.M.); (W.L.); (C.W.)
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Ravi S, Duraisamy P, Krishnan M, Martin LC, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Sitosterol-rich Digera muricata against 7-ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide-mediated atherogenic responses by modulating NF-ΚB/iNOS signalling pathway in macrophages. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:331. [PMID: 37670802 PMCID: PMC10475456 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Digera muricata L., commonly known as Tartara, is an edible herb used as traditional medicine in many countries of Africa and Asia. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of a phytosterol-rich extract of D. muricata on 7-ketocholesterol-mediated atherosclerosis in macrophages. The extract was examined by phytochemical analyses, GC-MS, TLC, DPPH scavenging and hRBC membrane stabilization assays. Macrophage polarization was studied with experimental groups framed based on alamar blue cell viability and griess assays. Regulations of arginase enzyme activity, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane integrity, pinocytosis, lipid uptake and peroxidation, as well as, intracellular calcium deposition were determined. In addition, expressions of atherogenic mediators were analysed using PCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry techniques. Diverse phytochemicals with higher free radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory potential have been detected in the D. muricata. Co-treatment with D. muricata markedly reduced the atherogenic responses induced by 7KCh in the presence of LPS such as ROS, especially, NO and O2- along with lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, D. muricata significantly normalized mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane integrity, pinocytic activity, intracellular lipid accumulation and calcium deposition. These results provided us with the potentiality of D. muricata in ameliorating atherogenesis. Additionally, it decreased the expression of pro-atherogenic mediators (iNOS, COX-2, MMP9, IL-6, IL-1β, CD36, CD163 and TGFβ1) and increased anti-atherogenic mediators (MRC1 and PPARγ) with high cellular expressions of NF-κB and iNOS. Results showed the potential of sitosterol-rich D. muricata as a versatile biomedical therapeutic agent against abnormal macrophage polarization and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | | | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni’s College for Women, Chennai, 600 015 India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025 India
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12
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Saucedo R, Ortega-Camarillo C, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Díaz-Velázquez MF, Meixueiro-Calderón C, Valencia-Ortega J. Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1812. [PMID: 37891891 PMCID: PMC10604289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common pregnancy complications. It is related to several gestational and fetal adverse outcomes. Moreover, women with GDM and their infants have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future. The pathogenesis of GDM is not completely understood; nevertheless, two factors that contribute to its development are oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation are related; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production can activate inflammatory cells and enhance the production of inflammatory mediators. Inflammation, in turn, leads to an increased ROS release, causing a vicious circle to ensue. Inflammatory responses can be achieved via the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Herein, we review the English literature regarding oxidative stress and inflammation evaluated simultaneously in the same population, attempting to identify mechanisms through which these factors contribute to the development of GDM. Furthermore, the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation by different therapies used in women with GDM and in cell models of GDM is included in the review. Probiotics and nutrient supplementations have been shown to reduce biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Saucedo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.S.); (A.F.-H.)
| | - Clara Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Aldo Ferreira-Hermosillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.S.); (A.F.-H.)
| | - Mary Flor Díaz-Velázquez
- Hospital de Gineco Obstetricia 3, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 02990, Mexico;
| | | | - Jorge Valencia-Ortega
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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13
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Bheemayya L, Kamble RR, Shettar AK, Metre TV, Kodasi B, Sannaikar MS, Inamdar SR, M MPK, Hoskeri JH. Design and Synthesis of Novel Fluorescent 2-(aryloxy)-3-(4,5-diaryl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinolines: Solvatochromic, DFT, TD-DFT Studies, COX-1 and COX-2 Inhibition and Antioxidant Properties. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03418-6. [PMID: 37733111 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the synthesis of novel heterocycles 2-(aryloxy)-3-(4,5-diaryl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)quinolines (6k-v) by an effective condensation reaction. These molecules exhibited fluorescent properties and hence for the proper understanding of their optical behavior and quantum yields, solvatochromic studies have been carried out. Further, frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), and geometrical structure optimization have been investigated using the B3LYP/6-311G ++ (d, p) method. The energy gap between the HOMO, LUMO of the optical and energy band gap is determined by DFT and UV-visible spectra for TD-DFT studies are done. The screening of these compounds for in vitro COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition and DPPH free radical scavenging ability assays produced promising results. The binding interactions of these molecules against the COX-2 enzyme (PDB: 5IKR) were validated by docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Bheemayya
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Ravindra R Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India.
| | - Arun K Shettar
- Department of Preclinical Research and Drug Development, Cytxon Biosolutions Pvt Ltd, Hubli, 580031, India
| | - Tukaram V Metre
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Barnabas Kodasi
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | | | - Sanjeev R Inamdar
- Department of Studies in Physics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India
| | - Mussuvir Pasha K M
- Department of Chemistry, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad, 580 003, India
| | - Joy H Hoskeri
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women's University, Vijayapura, 586108, India
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14
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Vera J, Castro-Nuñez MA, Troncoso-Cibrian MF, Carrillo-Varguez AG, Méndez Sánchez ER, Sarmiento V, Lanzagorta-Rebollo L, Neelakantan P, Romero M, Arias A. Effect of cryotherapy duration on experimentally induced connective tissue inflammation in vivo. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e29. [PMID: 37675446 PMCID: PMC10477420 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study tested the hypothesis that cryotherapy duration influences lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a rat model. Materials and Methods Six Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used. Five sites were selected per animal and divided into 5 groups: a negative control group (NC), 2 positive control groups (PC1 and PC2), and 2 experimental groups (E1 and E2). Cryotherapy was applied for 1 minute (E1) or 5 minutes (E2). An acute inflammatory response was induced in the PC and E groups via subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mL/kg. In the PC2 group, a catheter was inserted without additional treatment. For the E1 and E2 groups, 2.5°C saline solution was administered through the implanted catheters for 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The rats were sacrificed, and samples were obtained and processed for histological analysis, specifically examining the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and hemorrhage. The χ2 test was used to compare the presence of acute inflammation across groups. Dependent variables were compared using the linear-by-linear association test. Results Inflammation and hemorrhage varied significantly among the groups (p = 0.001). A significantly higher degree of acute inflammation was detected (p = 0.0002) in the PC and E1 samples than in the E2 group, in which cryotherapy was administered for 5 minutes. The PC and E1 groups also exhibited significantly greater numbers of neutrophils (p = 0.007), which were essentially absent in both the NC and E2 groups. Conclusions Cryotherapy administration for 5 minutes reduced the acute inflammation associated with LPS and catheter implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vera
- Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Viviana Sarmiento
- Department of Endodontics, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Tijuana, Mexico
| | | | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Romero
- Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ana Arias
- Faculty of Dentistry Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Rafiyan M, Sadeghmousavi S, Akbarzadeh M, Rezaei N. Experimental animal models of chronic inflammation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100063. [PMID: 37334102 PMCID: PMC10276141 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a general term for a wide variety of both physiological and pathophysiological processes in the body which primarily prevents the body from diseases and helps to remove dead tissues. It has a crucial part in the body immune system. Tissue damage can recruit inflammatory cells and cytokines and induce inflammation. Inflammation can be classified as acute, sub-acute, and chronic. If it remained unresolved and lasted for prolonged periods, it would be considered as chronic inflammation (CI), which consequently exacerbates tissue damage in different organs. CI is the main pathophysiological cause of many disorders such as obesity, diabetes, arthritis, myocardial infarction, and cancer. Thus, it is critical to investigate different mechanisms involved in CI to understand its processes and to find proper anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for it. Animal models are one of the most useful tools for study about different diseases and mechanisms in the body, and are important in pharmacological studies to find proper treatments. In this study, we discussed the various experimental animal models that have been used to recreate CI which can help us to enhance the understanding of CI mechanisms in human and contribute to the development of potent new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rafiyan
- Animal Model Integrated Network (AMIN), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Sadeghmousavi
- Animal Model Integrated Network (AMIN), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Akbarzadeh
- Animal Model Integrated Network (AMIN), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Dey R, Dey S, Samadder A, Saxena AK, Nandi S. Natural Inhibitors against Potential Targets of Cyclooxygenase, Lipoxygenase and Leukotrienes. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2341-2357. [PMID: 34533441 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666210917111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase (COX) and Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes catalyze the production of pain mediators like Prostaglandins (PGs) and Leukotrienes (LTs), respectively from arachidonic acid. INTRODUCTION The COX and LOX enzyme modulators are responsible for the major PGs and LTs mediated complications like asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, neuropathy and Cardiovascular Syndromes (CVS). Many synthetic Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) used in the treatment have serious side effects like nausea, vomiting, hyperacidity, gastrointestinal ulcers, CVS, etc. Methods: The natural inhibitors of pain mediators have great acceptance worldwide due to fewer side effects on long-term uses. The present review is an extensive study of the advantages of plantbased vs synthetic inhibitors. RESULTS These natural COX and LOX inhibitors control inflammatory response without causing side-effect-related complicacy. CONCLUSION Therefore, the natural COX and LOX inhibitors may be used as alternative medicines for the management of pain and inflammation due to their less toxicity and resistivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
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17
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Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Curcumin Nanoparticles Associated with Diclofenac Sodium in Experimental Acute Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911737. [PMID: 36233038 PMCID: PMC9570253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of conventional curcumin (cC) and curcumin nanoparticles (nC) associated with diclofenac sodium (D) in experimental acute inflammation (AI) induced by carrageenan administration. Seven groups of eight randomly selected Wistar-Bratislava white rats were evaluated. One group was the control (C), and AI was induced in the other six groups. The AI group was treated with saline solution, the AID group was treated with D, the AIcC200 and AInC200 groups were treated with cC and nC, respectively, while AIcC200D and AInC200D were treated with cC and nC, respectively, both associated with D. Conventional curcumin, nC, and D were administered in a single dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. for cC and nC and 5 mg/kg b.w. for D. Association of cC or nC to D resulted in significant antinociceptive activity, and improved mechanical pressure stimulation and heat thresholds at 3, 5, 7 and 24 h (p < 0.03). The association of cC and nC with D (AIcC200D and AInC200D groups) showed significantly lower plasma and tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) up to 2.5 times, with the best results in the group who received nC. Moreover, AInC200D presented the least severe histopathological changes with a reduced level of inflammation in the dermis and hypodermis. The combination of nC to D showed efficiency in reducing pain, inflammatory cytokines, and histological changes in acute inflammation.
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18
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Granja TF, Köhler D, Leiss V, Eggstein C, Nürnberg B, Rosenberger P, Beer-Hammer S. Platelets and the Cybernetic Regulation of Ischemic Inflammatory Responses through PNC Formation Regulated by Extracellular Nucleotide Metabolism and Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193009. [PMID: 36230973 PMCID: PMC9561997 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic events are associated with severe inflammation and are here referred to as ischemic inflammatory response (IIR). Recent studies identified the formation of platelet–neutrophil complexes (PNC) as key players in IIR. We investigated the role of extracellular platelet nucleotide signaling in the context of IIR and defined a cybernetic circle, including description of feedback loops. Cybernetic circles seek to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function. Our study specifies the components of the cybernetic system of platelets in IIR and describes the theoretical progression of IIR passing the cybernetic cycle with positive and negative feedback loops based on nucleotide-dependent signaling and functional regulation. The cybernetic components and feedback loops were explored by cytometry, immunohistological staining, functional blocking antibodies, and ADP/ATP measurements. Using several ex vivo and in vivo approaches we confirmed cybernetic parameters, such as controller, sensor, and effector (VASP phosphorylation, P2Y12, ADORAs and GPIIb/IIIa activity), as well as set points (ADP, adenosine) and interfering control and disturbance variables (ischemia). We demonstrate the impact of the regulated platelet–neutrophil complex (PNC) formation in blood and the resulting damage to the affected inflamed tissue. Taken together, extracellular nucleotide signaling, PNC formation, and tissue damage in IIR can be integrated in a controlled cybernetic circle of platelet function, as introduced through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F. Granja
- Lusófona’s Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, CBIOS–Universidade, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Eggstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy and Toxicology and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research (ICePhA), Tübingen University Hospital, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-29-74594
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19
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Expression profiling of inflammation-related genes including IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, THBS1 in COVID-19 patients. Biologicals 2022; 80:27-34. [PMID: 36153188 PMCID: PMC9468312 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to scrutinize the expression profile of inflammatory-related genes (IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, and THBS1) from acute to post-acute stage of this infectious epidemic. The current cross-sectional study consisted of 53 acute-phase COVID-19 patients and 53 healthy individuals between February and March 2021. The extraction of total RNA was performed from PBMC specimens and also expression level of selected genes (IFI-16, NOTCH2, CXCL8, and THBS1) was evaluated by real-time PCR. Subsequently, levels of these factors were re-measured six weeks after the acute phase to determine if the levels of chosen genes returned to normal after the acute phase of COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to test potential of genes as a diagnostic biomarker. The expression levels of inflammatory-related genes were significantly different between healthy and COVID-19 subjects. Besides, a significant higher CXCL8 level was found in the acute-phase COVID-19 compared to post-acute-phase infection which may be able to be considered as a potential biomarker for distinguishing between the acute phases from the post-acute-phase status. Deregulation of the inflammatory-related genes in COVID-19 patients, especially CXCL-8, can be serving as potent biomarkers to manage the COVID-19 infection.
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20
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Gale MS. Diagnosis: Fundamental Principles and Methods. Cureus 2022; 14:e28730. [PMID: 36204022 PMCID: PMC9528852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Dougados M, Taylor PC, Bingham CO, Fallon L, Brault Y, Roychoudhury S, Wang L, Kessouri M. The effect of tofacitinib on residual pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open 2022; 8:e002478. [PMID: 36814062 PMCID: PMC9454076 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post hoc analysis of pooled data from nine randomised controlled trials to assess the effect of tofacitinib (oral Janus kinase inhibitor for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA)) on residual pain in patients with RA or PsA with abrogated inflammation. METHODS Patients who received ≥1 dose of tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, adalimumab or placebo with/without background conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and had abrogated inflammation (swollen joint count (SJC)=0 and C reactive protein (CRP)<6 mg/L) after 3 months' therapy were included. Assessments included Patient's Assessment of Arthritis Pain at month 3 (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] 0-100 mm). Scores were summarised descriptively; treatment comparisons assessed by Bayesian network meta-analyses (BNMA). RESULTS From the total population with RA/PsA, 14.9% (382 of 2568), 17.1% (118 of 691) and 5.5% (50 of 909) of patients receiving tofacitinib, adalimumab and placebo, respectively, had abrogated inflammation after 3 months' therapy. Patients with RA/PsA with abrogated inflammation receiving tofacitinib/adalimumab had higher baseline CRP versus placebo; patients with RA receiving tofacitinib/adalimumab had lower SJC and longer disease duration versus placebo. Median residual pain (VAS) at month 3 was 17.0, 19.0 and 33.5 in patients with RA treated with tofacitinib, adalimumab or placebo, and 24.0, 21.0 and 27.0 in patients with PsA, respectively. Residual pain reductions with tofacitinib/adalimumab versus placebo were less prominent in patients with PsA versus patients with RA, with no significant differences between tofacitinib/adalimumab, per BNMA. CONCLUSION Patients with RA/PsA with abrogated inflammation receiving tofacitinib/adalimumab had greater residual pain reduction versus placebo at month 3. Results were similar between tofacitinib and adalimumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT00960440; NCT00847613; NCT00814307; NCT00856544; NCT00853385; NCT01039688; NCT02187055; NCT01877668; NCT01882439).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dougados
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Peter C Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clifton O Bingham
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lara Fallon
- Global Medical Affairs, Rheumatology, Pfizer Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Lisy Wang
- Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Hiram R. Resolution-promoting autacoids demonstrate promising cardioprotective effects against heart diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5179-5197. [PMID: 35142983 PMCID: PMC9262808 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart diseases have in common an unresolved inflammatory status. In atherosclerosis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, or atrial fibrillation, mounting evidence suggests that unresolved inflammation contributes to the chronicity, aggravation, and morbidity of the disease. Following cardiac injury or infection, acute inflammation is a normal and required process to repair damaged tissues or eliminate pathogens and promote restoration of normal functions and structures. However, if acute inflammation is not followed by resolution, a chronic and deleterious inflammatory status may occur, characterized by the persistence of inflammatory biomarkers, promoting aggravation of myocardial pathogenesis, abnormal structural remodeling, development of cardiac fibrosis, and loss of function. Although traditional antiinflammatory strategies, including the use of COX-inhibitors, to inhibit the production of inflammation promotors failed to promote homeostasis, mounting evidence suggests that activation of specific endogenous autacoids may promote resolution and perpetuate cardioprotective effects. The recent discovery of the active mechanism of resolution suggests that proresolving signals and cellular processes may help to terminate inflammation and combat the development of its chronic profile in cardiac diseases. This review discussed (I) the preclinical and clinical evidence of inflammation-resolution in cardiac disorders including atrial fibrillation; (II) how and why many traditional antiinflammatory treatments failed to prevent or cure cardiac inflammation and fibrosis; and (III) whether new therapeutic strategies may interact with the resolution machinery to have cardioprotective effects. RvD D-series resolving, RvE E-series resolving, LXA4 lipoxin A4, MaR1 maresin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roddy Hiram
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute (MHI), Université de Montréal, Research Center, 5000 Belanger, St. Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada.
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Alamil JMR, Paudel KR, Chan Y, Xenaki D, Panneerselvam J, Singh SK, Gulati M, Jha NK, Kumar D, Prasher P, Gupta G, Malik R, Oliver BG, Hansbro PM, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Rediscovering the Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in the Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27093038. [PMID: 35566388 PMCID: PMC9104417 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a central aspect of the human immune system that acts as a defense mechanism to protect the body against infections and injuries. A dysregulated inflammatory response is a major health concern, as it can disrupt homeostasis and lead to a plethora of chronic inflammatory conditions. These chronic inflammatory diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the need for them to be managed in the long term has become a crucial task to alleviate symptoms and improve patients’ overall quality of life. Although various synthetic anti-inflammatory agents have been developed to date, these medications are associated with several adverse effects that have led to poor therapeutic outcomes. The hunt for novel alternatives to modulate underlying chronic inflammatory processes has unveiled nature to be a plentiful source. One such example is agarwood, which is a valuable resinous wood from the trees of Aquilaria spp. Agarwood has been widely utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times due to its ability to relieve pain, asthmatic symptoms, and arrest vomiting. In terms of inflammation, the major constituent of agarwood, agarwood oil, has been shown to possess multiple bioactive compounds that can regulate molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation, thereby producing a multitude of pharmacological functions for treating various inflammatory disorders. As such, agarwood oil presents great potential to be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic to overcome the drawbacks of existing therapies and improve treatment outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on agarwood and its bioactive components and have highlighted the potential roles of agarwood oil in treating various chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.R.P.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Yinghan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Dikaia Xenaki
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.X.); (B.G.O.)
| | - Jithendra Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.K.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.K.S.); (M.G.)
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Brian George Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.X.); (B.G.O.)
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; (K.R.P.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Kamal Dua
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (D.X.); (B.G.O.)
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (D.K.C.); Tel.: +61-29-514-7387 (K.D.); +60-12-636-1308 (D.K.C.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (D.K.C.); Tel.: +61-29-514-7387 (K.D.); +60-12-636-1308 (D.K.C.)
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Santos Nascimento IJD, de Aquino TM, da Silva Júnior EF. Computer-Aided Drug Design of Anti-inflammatory Agents Targeting Microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5397-5419. [PMID: 35301943 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220317122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural process in response to external stimuli associated with organism protection. However, this reaction could be exaggerated, leading to severe damages related to physiopathological processes, such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, allergies, infections, among others. Inflammation is mainly characterized by pain, increased temperature, flushing, and edema, which can be controlled using anti-inflammatory drugs. In this context, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibition has been targeted for designing new compounds with anti-inflammatory properties. It is a bioactive lipid overproduced during an inflammatory process, in which its increased production is carried out mainly by COX-1, COX-2, and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1). Recently, studies have demonstrated that mPGES-1 inhibition is a safe strategy to develop anti-inflammatory agents, which could protect against pain, acute inflammation, arthritis, autoimmune diseases, and different types of cancers. To decrease production costs and increase the probability of discovering active substances, computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches have been increasingly used for designing new inhibitors. Thus, this review will cover all aspects involving high-throughput virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics, fragment-based drug design, quantitative structure-activity relationship in seeking new promising mPGES-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacy, Estácio of Alagoas College, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva Júnior
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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25
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Thylur Puttalingaiah R. Role of Swiprosin-1/EFHD2 as a biomarker in the development of chronic diseases. Life Sci 2022; 297:120462. [PMID: 35276221 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Swiprosin-1 or EFHD2, is a Ca2+ binding actin protein and its expression has been shown to be distinct in various cell types. The expression of swiprosin-1 is upregulated during the activation of immune cells, epithelial and endothelial cells. The expression of swiprosin-1 is regulated by diverse signaling pathways that are contingent upon the specific type of cells. The aim of this review is to summarize and provide an overview of the role of swiprosin-1 in pathophysiological conditions of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, neuropsychiatric diseases, and in the process of inflammation, immune response, and inflammatory diseases. Novel approaches for the targeting of swiprosin-1 as a biomarker in the early detection and prevention of various development of chronic diseases are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Thylur Puttalingaiah
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, Room 945-B1, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA..
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26
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Lubschinski TL, Pollo LAE, Mohr ETB, da Rosa JS, Nardino LA, Sandjo LP, Biavatti MW, Dalmarco EM. Effect of Aryl-Cyclohexanones and their Derivatives on Macrophage Polarization In Vitro. Inflammation 2022; 45:1612-1630. [PMID: 35247115 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical in both tissue homeostasis and inflammation, and shifts in their polarization have been indicated as pivotal for the resolution of inflammatory processes. Inflammation is a complex and necessary component of the immune response to stimuli that are harmful to host homeostasis and is regulated by cellular and molecular events that remain a source of ongoing investigation. Among the compounds studied that have potential against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, cannabinoids are currently highlighted. In this work, nineteen aryl-cyclohexanones diesters and their derivatives were synthesized based on the aryl-cyclohexane skeleton of phytocannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD), and were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and macrophage polarization potential. The results showed that Compound 4 inhibited the production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, it reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p70, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IL-6 while, at the same time, was able to increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Compound 4 also reduced macrophage apoptosis, increased the expression of the CD206 (mannose receptor) and at the same time, decreased the expression of CD284 (TLR-4 receptor) on the surface of these cells. Finally, it increased the phagocytic capacity and inhibited the phosphorylation of the p65 of NF-kβ. In conclusion, Compound 4, identified as diethyl-4-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-6-oxocyclohexane-1-3-dicarboxylate, showed significant anti-inflammatory effect, while demonstrating the ability to transform phenotypically macrophages from the M1 phenotype (pro-inflammatory) to the M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory). This led us to hypothesize that the main mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of this molecule is linked to its immune modulation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá L Lubschinski
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz A E Pollo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Eduarda T B Mohr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Julia S da Rosa
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Luigi A Nardino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Chemistry, CFM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dalmarco
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-970, Brazil.
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Lujan AL, Croci DO, Rabinovich GA, Damiani MT. Galectins as potential therapeutic targets in STIs in the female genital tract. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:240-252. [PMID: 35105978 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every day, more than one million people worldwide acquire a sexually transmitted infection (STI). This public health problem has a direct effect on women's reproductive and sexual health as STIs can cause irreversible damage to fertility and can have negative consequences associated with discrimination and social exclusion. Infection with one sexually transmitted pathogen predisposes to co-infection with others, suggesting the existence of shared pathways that serve as molecular links between these diseases. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, have emerged as endogenous mediators that facilitate cell-surface binding, internalization and cell invasion of many sexually transmitted pathogens, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, HIV and herpes simplex virus. The ability of certain galectins to dimerize or form multimeric complexes confers the capacity to interact simultaneously with glycosylated ligands on both the pathogen and the cervico-vaginal tissue on these proteins. Galectins can act as a bridge by engaging glycans from the pathogen surface and glycosylated receptors from host cells, which is a mechanism that has been shown to be shared by several sexually transmitted pathogens. In the case of viruses and obligate intracellular bacteria, binding to the cell surface promotes pathogen internalization and cell invasion. Inflammatory responses that occur in cervico-vaginal tissue might trigger secretion of galectins, which in turn control the establishment, evolution and severity of STIs. Thus, galectin-targeted therapies could potentially prevent or decrease STIs caused by a diverse array of pathogenic microorganisms; furthermore, anti-galectin agents might reduce treatment costs of STIs and reach the most vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin L Lujan
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego O Croci
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), C1428AGE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maria T Damiani
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica e Inmunidad, Instituto de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCUYO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.
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28
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Relationship between infrared thermography and muscle damage markers in physically active men after plyometric exercise. J Therm Biol 2022; 104:103187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schollemann F, Kunczik J, Dohmeier H, Pereira CB, Follmann A, Czaplik M. Infection Probability Index: Implementation of an Automated Chronic Wound Infection Marker. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010169. [PMID: 35011910 PMCID: PMC8745914 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people suffering from chronic wounds is increasing due to demographic changes and the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Innovative imaging techniques within the field of chronic wound diagnostics are required to improve wound care by predicting and detecting wound infections to accelerate the application of treatments. For this reason, the infection probability index (IPI) is introduced as a novel infection marker based on thermal wound imaging. To improve usability, the IPI was implemented to automate scoring. Visual and thermal image pairs of 60 wounds were acquired to test the implemented algorithms on clinical data. The proposed process consists of (1) determining various parameters of the IPI based on medical hypotheses, (2) acquiring data, (3) extracting camera distortions using camera calibration, and (4) preprocessing and (5) automating segmentation of the wound to calculate (6) the IPI. Wound segmentation is reviewed by user input, whereas the segmented area can be refined manually. Furthermore, in addition to proof of concept, IPIs’ correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a clinical infection marker was evaluated. Based on average CRP levels, the patients were clustered into two groups, on the basis of the separation value of an averaged CRP level of 100. We calculated the IPIs of the 60 wound images based on automated wound segmentation. Average runtime was less than a minute. In the group with lower average CRP, a correlation between IPI and CRP was evident.
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Hiram R. Cardiac cytokine therapy? Relevance of targeting inflammatory mediators to combat cardiac arrhythmogenic remodeling. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 37:100918. [PMID: 34849391 PMCID: PMC8607203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Key Words
- AF, Atrial Fibrillation
- CCL2, C-C motif Chemokine Ligand 2
- CM, Cardiomyocyte
- CamKII, Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II
- IFN-γ, Interferon gamma
- IL, Interleukin
- LA, Left Atrium
- LVZ, Low Voltage Zone
- NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein-3
- Th-cell, T helper cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Roddy Hiram
- Montreal Heart Institute (MHI), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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de Maria Serra F, Parizi JLS, Odorizzi GASDM, Sato GMRH, Patrão IB, Chagas PHN, de Azevedo Mello F, Nai GA. Subchronic exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide causes dysplasia in the digestive tract of Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61477-61496. [PMID: 34173954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most widely used herbicide for treatment of crops in the world. The digestive tract is one of the first systems exposed to pesticides, and damage to this system can affect the general health of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subchronic inhalation and oral exposure to GBH on the digestive tract in rats. Six groups of Wistar rats (male and female) were exposed to nebulization with three concentrations of GBH [3.71 × 10-3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i./ha), 6.19 × 10-3 g.a.i./ha and 9.28 × 10-3 g.a.i./ha] administered orally or by inhalation for 75 days. Bone marrow cells, smears of the tongue and fragments of the tongue, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were collected for histopathological analysis. Congestion, inflammation, an increase in the number of mast cells and nucleoli-organizing regions were detected in the tongue in the groups exposed to GBH. Females had a higher number of mast cells in the tongue than males. Animals in the groups exposed to higher concentrations of GBH showed dysplasia in the oesophagus and small and large intestine regardless of sex. Gastric changes were not observed. Animals exposed to GBH showed increased micronucleus formation. Our data indicate that GBH causes oral allergies and dysplastic lesions in the oesophagus and small and large intestine and has genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Maria Serra
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine of Presidente Prudente (FAMEPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Grace Mitiko Rosati Hori Sato
- Faculty of Dentistry of Presidente Prudente (FOPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bocardi Patrão
- Faculty of Dentistry of Presidente Prudente (FOPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Nahas Chagas
- Faculty of Medicine of Presidente Prudente (FAMEPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola de Azevedo Mello
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Faculty of Medicine of Presidente Prudente (FAMEPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Faculty of Dentistry of Presidente Prudente (FOPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil.
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Zhou S, Lu S, Guo S, Zhao L, Han Z, Li Z. Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 Nanoparticles Against Contrast-Induced Nephropathy by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Box 1 Gene/Toll-Like Receptor 4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2085-2098. [PMID: 34706808 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the progress made in the widespread application of interventional radiology procedures, there has been an increasing number of patients who suffer from cardiovascular diseases and go through imaging and interventional treatment with iodine contrast medium (ICM) year by year. In turn, there has been an increasing amount of concern over acute kidney injury (AKI) brought about by ICM. As evidenced by numerous studies, the initiation of inflammatory response plays a critical role in the development of ICM-induced AKI. Correspondingly, the strategy of targeting renal inflammatory response and cytokine release could provide an effective solution to mitigating the ICM-induced AKI. Moreover, Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) constitutes one of the major active components of ginseng and features a wide range of vital biological functions. Judging from the research findings, GRb1 could impose antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on cardiovascular diseases, in addition to lung, liver and kidney diseases. However, reports on whether GRb1 could impose a protective effect against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) are absent. In this study, we have examined the therapeutic effects imposed by GRb1 as well as the potential molecular mechanism by establishing an in vivo and in vitro model of CIN. In addition, we have set up a mouse model of CIN through sequential intravenous injection of indomethacin, N(ω)-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and iopromide. To further enhance the bioavailability of GRb1, we have encapsulated GRb1 with polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocarriers to generate GRb1 nanoparticles (NPs) conducting the in vivo experiments. During the in vitro experiments, we have adopted GRb1 to treat NRK-52E cells or cells transfected with the high mobility group box 1 gene (HMGB1) overexpression plasmid. As shown by the in vivo experimental results, GRb1 NPs could evidently improve the renal dysfunction in CIN, diminish the extent of apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells, and reduce the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-1β). In addition, GRb1 NPs are found to be capable of preventing the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway triggered by contrast medium. The in vitro experimental results have exactly confirmed the findings of the in vivo experiments. In the meantime, through the observation of the in vitro assays, overexpression of HMGB1 can partially counteract the beneficial effects imposed by GRb1. Judging from our research data, GRb1 could impose a protective effect against CIN by inhibiting inflammatory response via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, whereas HMGB1 constitutes a critical molecular target of GRb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhou
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Sen Guo
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Luosha Zhao
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Zhanying Han
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
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Exploring the potential role of phase angle as a marker of oxidative stress: A narrative review. Nutrition 2021; 93:111493. [PMID: 34655952 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic conditions including non-communicable diseases have become increasingly prevalent in the past decade. Proinflammatory cytokines are associated with the development of several pathologies, their prognoses, and their associated mortality. Chronic inflammation is also associated with oxidative stress whereby reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce cellular injury and, thus, by doing so, initiate inflammatory signaling. Phase angle (PhA) is a measurable body composition parameter obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PhA is considered an indicator of cellular health and integrity and is also related to inflammatory markers and inflammation. Given the association among oxidative stress, cell damage, and inflammation that may in turn be associated with low PhA values, it is expected that PhA could mirror oxidative stress. In this hypothesis-generating, narrative review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the potential relationship between PhA and oxidative stress and their interrelationship in chronic conditions.
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AlAshqar A, Reschke L, Kirschen GW, Borahay MA. Role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders: from pathogenesis to novel therapies†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:7-31. [PMID: 33739368 PMCID: PMC8256101 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the notion that inflammation fosters the development of common benign gynecologic disorders, including uterine leiomyoma, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Numerous cytokines, chemokines, and growth and transcription factors have indisputable roles in the establishment and maintenance of benign gynecologic disorders by initiating complex cascades that promote proliferation, angiogenesis, and lesion progression. The interaction between inflammation and benign gynecologic disorders is orchestrated by a plethora of factors, including sex steroids, genetics, epigenetics, extracellular matrix, stem cells, cardiometabolic risk factors, diet, vitamin D, and the immune system. The role of inflammation in these disorders is not limited to local pathobiology but also extends to involve clinical sequelae that range from those confined to the reproductive tract, such as infertility and gynecologic malignancies, to systemic complications such as cardiovascular disease. Enhanced understanding of the intricate mechanisms of this association will introduce us to unvisited pathophysiological perspectives and guide future diagnostic and therapeutic implications aimed at reducing the burden of these disorders. Utilization of inflammatory markers, microRNA, and molecular imaging as diagnostic adjuncts may be valuable, noninvasive techniques for prompt detection of benign gynecologic disorders. Further, use of novel as well as previously established therapeutics, such as immunomodulators, hormonal treatments, cardiometabolic medications, and cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-κB inhibitors, can target inflammatory pathways involved in their pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we aim to dissect the existing literature on the role of inflammation in benign gynecologic disorders, including the proposed underlying mechanisms and complex interactions, its contribution to clinical sequelae, and the clinical implications this role entails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman AlAshqar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lauren Reschke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory W Kirschen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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USE OF TOPICAL TREATMENTS AND EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON WOUND HEALING IN COMMON CARP ( CYPRINUS CARPIO). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:103-116. [PMID: 33827167 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin lesions are frequently diagnosed in fish medicine. Although systemic fish treatments exist, little is known about the efficacy of topical drugs on fish skin lesions. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of medical-grade honey and silver sulfadiazine on skin lesions using common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as a model. Additionally, the effect of temperature on the wound healing process was evaluated. Punch biopsies were generated on six fish per treatment group under anesthesia. Treatment groups received one of the following topical medications after wounding: Dr. Nordyke's Wound Honey, MicroLyte Ag Vet, or SilvaSorb Gel. Nontreated positive control groups were similarly wounded but did not receive topical treatment. Fish were housed at 10°C to 13°C or 18°C to 21°C for 29 days. Macroscopic evaluation and image collection of wounds were performed on days 0, 4, 8, 12, 21, and 29 after wounding to compare changes in wound areas and inflammation over time. On day 29, tissue samples were collected for histologic analysis. From day 12 after wounding onward, wounds in positive controls maintained at 18°C to 21°C were significantly smaller (days 12, 21, and 29: P < 0.0001) compared with positive controls kept at 10°C to 13°C. There was an overall improvement in macroscopic appearance in honey-treated groups compared with positive controls on day 12 after wounding at 18°C to 21°C (P = 0.001), whereas with the use of Microlyte and Silvasorb, wounds had increased inflammation grades (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively) with enlarged wound areas (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively) in comparison with positive controls on day 12 after wounding at 18°C to 21°C. This study suggests that topical use of medical-grade honey produces positive effects on wound healing in the carp model and higher water temperatures enhance the effects, whereas the use of silver sulfadiazine and lower water temperatures delays or worsens the wound healing process.
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Mushroom Nutrition as Preventative Healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The defining characteristics of the traditional Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cuisine have been the richness in indigenous foods and ingredients, herbs and spices, fermented foods and beverages, and healthy and whole ingredients used. It is crucial to safeguard the recognized benefits of mainstream traditional foods and ingredients, which gradually eroded in the last decades. Notwithstanding poverty, chronic hunger, malnutrition, and undernourishment in the region, traditional eating habits have been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. The research prevailed dealing with food availability and access rather than the health, nutrition, and diet quality dimensions of food security based on what people consume per country and on the missing data related to nutrient composition of indigenous foods. As countries become more economically developed, they shift to “modern” occidental foods rich in saturated fats, salt, sugar, fizzy beverages, and sweeteners. As a result, there are increased incidences of previously unreported ailments due to an unbalanced diet. Protein-rich foods in dietary guidelines enhance only those of animal or plant sources, while rich protein sources such as mushrooms have been absent in these charts, even in developed countries. This article considers the valorization of traditional African foodstuffs and ingredients, enhancing the importance of establishing food-based dietary guidelines per country. The crux of this review highlights the potential of mushrooms, namely some underutilized in the SSA, which is the continent’s little exploited gold mine as one of the greatest untapped resources for feeding and providing income for Africa’s growing population, which could play a role in shielding Sub-Saharan Africans against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet.
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Anti-Inflammatory Investigations of Extracts of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5512961. [PMID: 33763143 PMCID: PMC7955865 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5512961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum rhetsa has been consumed in the diet in northern Thailand and also used as a medicament in ancient scripture for arthropathies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the activity of various extracts from differential parts of Z. rhetsa via inhibition of inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, and PGE2) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The chemical composition in active extracts was also analyzed by GC/MS. The parts of this plant studied were whole fruits (F), pericarp (P), and seed (O). The methods of extraction included maceration in hexane, 95% ethanol and 50% ethanol, boiling in water, and water distillation. The results demonstrated that the hexane and 95% ethanolic extract from pericarp (PH and P95) and seed essential oil (SO) were the most active extracts. PH and P95 gave the highest inhibition of NO production with IC50 as 11.99 ± 1.66 μg/ml and 15.33 ± 1.05 μg/ml, respectively, and they also showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect on TNF-α with IC50 as 36.08 ± 0.55 μg/ml and 34.90 ± 2.58 μg/ml, respectively. PH and P95 also showed the highest inhibitory effect on PGE2 but less than SO with IC50 as 13.72 ± 0.81 μg/ml, 12.26 ± 0.71 μg/ml, and 8.61 ± 2.23 μg/ml, respectively. 2,3-Pinanediol was the major anti-inflammatory compound analyzed in PH (11.28%) and P95 (19.82%) while terpinen-4-ol constituted a major anti-inflammatory compound in SO at 35.13%. These findings are the first supportive data for ethnomedical use for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in acute (SO) and chronic (PH and P95) inflammation.
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Parizi JLS, de Mello Odorizzi GAS, Sato GMRH, Patrão IB, Nai GA. Oral mucosa changes associated with chronic oral and inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:746-757. [PMID: 33447360 PMCID: PMC7786168 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract and the oral mucosa are the first areas contaminated by pesticides. The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used pesticide across the world for both crops and gardens. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral mucosal damage after an experimental simulation of chronic oral and inhalational environmental exposure to 2,4-D formulation. Eighty male Wistar rats were exposed to three distinct concentrations of 2,4-D formulation (low-187.17 mg/m3; medium-313.31 mg/m3; and high-467.93 mg/m3). Oral exposure (through contaminated feed) or inhalation exposure lasted 6 months. Rat tongues were collected for cyto- and histopathology. There was a difference between exposure groups in the intensity of tissue congestion. Most rats exposed to 2,4-D presented mucosal inflammation at both cytology and histology (P < 0.05). Hyperkeratosis only occurred in rats exposed orally at the high concentration. There was an increase in the number of nucleoli-organizing regions in the dorsal epithelium as the 2,4-D concentration increased (P < 0.001). The inhalation route was more associated with increased mitosis figures and nucleoli-organizing region count (P < 0.05). Chronic oral and inhalation exposure to high concentrations of 2,4-D formulation caused an increase in the proliferation rate and thickness of the tongue epithelium and stimulated the inflammatory response in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabela Bocardi Patrão
- Dental College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Dental College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
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Sarfraz A, Rasul A, Sarfraz I, Shah MA, Hussain G, Shafiq N, Masood M, Adem Ş, Sarker SD, Li X. Hispolon: A natural polyphenol and emerging cancer killer by multiple cellular signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:110017. [PMID: 32768475 PMCID: PMC7406431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nature as an infinite treasure of chemotypes and pharmacophores will continue to play an imperative role in the drug discovery. Natural products (NPs) such as plant and fungal metabolites have emerged as leads in drug discovery during recent years due to their efficacy, safety and selectivity. The current review summarizes natural sources as well as pharmacological potential of hispolon which is a major constituent of traditional medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. The study aims to update the scientific community about recent developments of hispolon in the arena of natural drugs by providing insights into its present status in therapeutic pursuits. Hispolon, a polyphenol has been reported to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. It fights against cancer via induction of apoptosis, halting cell cycle and inhibition of metastasis by targeting various cellular signaling pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK and NF-κB. The current review proposes that hispolon provides a novel opportunity for pharmacological applications and its styrylpyrone carbon skeleton might serve as an attractive scaffold for drug development. However, future researches are recommended to assess bioavailability, toxicological limits, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of hispolon, in order to establish its potential as a potent multi-targeted drug in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nusrat Shafiq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Woman University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muqaddas Masood
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Şevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Uluyazı Campus Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Parizi JLS, Tolardo AJ, Lisboa ACG, Barravieira B, de Azevedo Mello F, Rossi RC, Nai GA. Evaluation of buccal damage associated with acute inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in mice. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:244. [PMID: 32664986 PMCID: PMC7362426 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses. This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The aim of this study was evaluate the possible oral damage caused by acute inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D. RESULTS There was a difference between the exposure concentrations in relation to tissue congestion intensity (p = 0.002) and mast cell counts (p = 0.002), a difference in the evaluation of the interaction between the exposure concentrations and nebulization time in the dorsum epithelium thickness (p = 0.013), and a significant correlation between the epithelial thickness and the number of nucleoli organizing regions on the dorsum of the tongue (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Even after acute exposure, the herbicide 2,4-D had the potential to damage the oral epithelium, especially at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Jodas Tolardo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Lisboa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barravieira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fabíola de Azevedo Mello
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Renata Calciolari Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program on Environment and Regional Development, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rua José Bongiovani, 700, SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brasil.
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Nabatanzi A, Nkadimeng SM, Lall N, Kabasa JD, McGaw LJ. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:4352084. [PMID: 32655661 PMCID: PMC7317318 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4352084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kigelia africana is used to manage inflammation among indigenous communities. We hypothesized that K. africana extracts contain phytoconstituents with good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The methanolic extract of K. africana fruits and Spathodea campanulata leaves (SPK04), K. africana aqueous fruit extract (KFM02), and K. africana acetone fruit extract (KFM05) were subjected to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS radical scavenging assay, and the MTT cell viability assay was used for cytotoxicity. The extracts were preincubated with enzymes and assayed for 15-LOX and COX-2 enzyme activity using an ELISA method. Nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effect of the extracts was evaluated and measurement of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was done using ELISA kits. SPK04 had the highest antioxidant activity with a mean inhibition of 99.37 ± 0.56% and an IC50 of 4.28 µg/mL. SPK04 and KFM05 did not inhibit 15-LOX as their IC50 values were >1000 μg/mL. All extracts were safe on Vero cells at the highest concentration (200 µg/mL) tested. KFM02 was the best inhibitor of NO production and had the highest cell viability at both the lowest (50 µg/mL) and highest concentrations (200 µg/mL). SPK04 was the best COX-2 inhibitor while KFM05 expressed the strongest suppression effect for IL-β and IL-6. KFM02 did not inhibit IL-6 at the highest concentration (200 µg/mL). The order of suppression of TNF-α by the extracts differed across concentrations, KFM05 > SPK04 > KFM02 at 200 µg/mL, KFM02 > SPK04 > KFM05 at 100 µg/mL, and SPK04 > KFM02 > KFM05 at 50 µg/mL. All the tested extracts had no inhibitory effect against IL-10. SPK04, KFM05, and KFM02 had good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and this supports their use as potential anti-inflammatory therapies. This study presents for the first time the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of K. africana and S. campanulata polyherbal extract. It is also among the very few studies that have reported the inhibitory effect of cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by K. africana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Nabatanzi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala 00256, Uganda
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 00256, Uganda
- Future Africa, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Sanah M. Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
- College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka 570015, India
| | - John D. Kabasa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala 00256, Uganda
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis activates inflammasomes in meningoencephalitic BALB/c mice. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102119. [PMID: 32283319 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a metastrongyloid nematode that causes eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. A high infestation of A. cantonensis can cause permanent brain damage or even death. The inflammasome is an oligomeric molecular platform that can detect microbial pathogens and activate inflammatory cytokines. The recognition of larval surface antigens by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can cause oligomerization of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) or absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) with the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) to form a caspase-1-activating scaffold. Activated caspase-1 converts pro-inflammatory cytokines into their mature, active forms. Helminths infection has been shown to activate NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of inflammasome activation upon A. cantonensis infection in a mouse model. This study provides evidence that A. cantonensis infection can activate NLRP1B and NLRC4 inflammasomes and promote pyroptosis to cause meningoencephalitis.
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Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans with heparan and chondroitin sulfate chains attached to their extracellular domain. Like many proteoglycans, they interact with a large number of ligands, such as growth factors, adhesion receptors, soluble small molecules, proteinases, and other extracellular matrix proteins to initiate downstream signaling pathways. Syndecans play a major role in inflammation, mainly by regulating leukocyte extravasation and cytokine function. At the same time, syndecans can undergo cytokine mediated changes in their expression levels during inflammation. The function of syndecans during inflammation appears to depend on the stage of inflammation, sulfation of heparan/chondroitin sulfate chains, the rate of ectodomain shedding and the solubility of the ectodomains. From the current literature, it is clear that syndecans are not only involved in the initial recruitment of pro-inflammatory molecules but also in establishing a balanced progression of inflammation. This review will summarize how cell surface and soluble syndecans regulate multiple aspects of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gopal
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Preliminary assessment of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri ( Araliaceae) in rodents. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Syria. Potato tuber moth Cussonia barteri is a small tree that grows in the sub-Saharan part of Africa. Various parts of the plant are used for the treatment of a variety of ailments in ethno-medicine.
Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the methanol leaf extract of Cussonia barteri.
Material and methods: The leaves were air-dried, powdered and repeatedly extracted with methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. The resulting methanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, xylene-induced ear oedema and formalin-induced arthritis tests. Analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced mouse writhing, hot plate and tail flick tests.
Results: All doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema, however the 400 mg/kg dose gave a sustained effect. The extract significantly inhibited xylene induced ear oedema at all doses. There were no significant (p>0.05) reductions in paw swellings due to formalin. In the acetic acid induced writhing test, the extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased writhing at 400 mg/kg only. Reaction times were not significantly different from the control in the hot plate and tail flick tests.
Conclusion: This study has shown that the methanol extract possesses acute anti-inflammatory and peripherally mediated analgesic effects.
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Chniguir A, Zioud F, Marzaioli V, El-Benna J, Bachoual R. Syzygium aromaticum aqueous extract inhibits human neutrophils myeloperoxidase and protects mice from LPS-induced lung inflammation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:56-64. [PMID: 30707845 PMCID: PMC6366422 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1557697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae), commonly known as clove, originally found in the Muluku Islands in East Indonesia, is widely used as a spice and has numerous medicinal properties. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the antioxidant potential of S. aromaticum aqueous extract (SAAE) in vitro and its protective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Neutrophils were isolated from healthy donors and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. Superoxide anion generation was detected by cytochrome c reduction assay. H2O2 was detected by DCFH fluorescence assay. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was mesured by tetramethyl benzidine oxidation method. To study the anti-inflammatory activity of SAAE, lung inflammation was induced in mice (BALB/c) by intra-tracheal instillation of lypopolysaccharide (5 µg/mouse), and SAAE (200 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally prior to LPS administration. Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue were collected to assess inflammatory cells count and total protein content. Metalloproteinases activity was detected by zymography technique. RESULTS SAAE inhibited luminol-amplified chemiluminescence of resting neutrophils and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine- or phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated neutrophils, with an inhibitory effect starting at a concentration as low as 0.5 µg/mL. Moreover, SAAE reduced significantly MPO activity and it exhibits a dose-dependent action (IC50 = 0.5 µg/mL). In vivo results showed that SAAE decreased markedly neutrophil count (From 61% to 15%) and proteins leakage into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Gelatin zymography assay showed that S. aromaticum inhibited MMP-2 (15%) and MMP-9 (18%) activity in lung homogenates. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of SAAE, in vivo, is due to the inhibition of ROS production and metalloproteinases activity via its action on MPO. According to these findings, SAAE could be a potential source of new compounds with anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Chniguir
- Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Zioud
- Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Viviana Marzaioli
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252 Inflammation Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252 Inflammation Research Center, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris City, Inflamex Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rafik Bachoual
- Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agroresources, National School of Engineering of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Antipyretic, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities from Pogostemon benghalensis Leaf Extract in Experimental Wister Rats. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6040096. [PMID: 31547083 PMCID: PMC6963183 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background:Pogostemon benghalensis leaves have traditionally been utilized for relieving body aches, headaches and fever. Based on its uses, the present study was designed to investigate the antinociceptive, antipyretic and anti-edematogenic activities from P. benghalensis leaves’ methanol extract (PBME) in Wister rats. Methods: The thermal (hot plate) and chemical (acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin test) models for antinociceptive effects, and the Brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia test for antipyretic action and rat paw edema by carrageenan for anti-edematogenic activity, were applied for PBME at different dose levels. The acute toxicity of PBME through the oral route was performed to determine the lethal dose. Results: PBME significantly and dose-dependently reduced pyrexia and diminished edema volume, which depicted its antipyretic and anti-edematogenic effects respectively. The inhibition of writhing reflex, increased reaction latency and reduced frequency of licking indicated that PBME has significant dose-dependent antinociceptive activity. P. benghalensis methanol extract at 4000 mg/kg shows no sign of toxicity, which is a considerable, good margin of safety. Conclusions: The study illustrated the antipyretic, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of P. benghalensis leaf extract with a safety margin, and validated its traditional use to alleviate fever, pain, and inflammation.
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Cromarty R, Sigal A, Liebenberg LJP, McKinnon LR, Abdool Karim SS, Passmore JAS, Archary D. Diminished HIV Infection of Target CD4+ T Cells in a Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulated in vitro Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1705. [PMID: 31396221 PMCID: PMC6664077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital inflammation is associated with increased HIV acquisition risk. Induction of an inflammatory response can occur through the recognition of pathogenic or commensal microbes by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on various immune cells. We used a in vitro peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) system to understand the contribution of TLR stimulation in inducing inflammation and the activation of target T cells, and its effect on HIV susceptibility. PBMCs were stimulated with TLR agonists LPS (TLR4), R848 (TLR7/8), and Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), and then infected with HIV NL4-3 AD8. Multiplexed ELISA was used to measure 28 cytokines in cell culture supernatants. Flow cytometry was used to measure the activation state (CD38 and HLA-DR), and CCR5 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although TLR agonists induced higher cytokine and chemokine secretion, they did not significantly activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and showed decreased CCR5 expression relative to the unstimulated control. Despite several classes of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines being upregulated by TLR agonists, CD4+ T cells were significantly less infectable by HIV after TLR4-stimulation than the unstimulated control. These data demonstrate that the inflammatory effects that occur in the presence TLR agonist stimulations do not necessarily translate to the activation of T cells. Most importantly, the finding that TLR4-stimulation reduces rather than increases susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to HIV infection in this in vitro system strongly suggests that the increased chemokine and possible antiviral factor expression induced by these TLR agonists play a powerful although complex role in determining HIV infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Cromarty
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenine J P Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Medical School, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Derseree Archary
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Nelson Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Yanez M, Jhanji M, Murphy K, Gower RM, Sajish M, Jabbarzadeh E. Nicotinamide Augments the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Resveratrol through PARP1 Activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10219. [PMID: 31308445 PMCID: PMC6629694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) and nicotinamide (NAM) have garnered considerable attention due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. NAM is a transient inhibitor of class III histone deacetylase SIRTs (silent mating type information regulation 2 homologs) and SIRT1 is an inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1). The debate on the relationship between RSV and SIRT1 has precluded the use of RSV as a therapeutic drug. Recent work demonstrated that RSV facilitates tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)-dependent activation of PARP1. Moreover, treatment with NAM is sufficient to facilitate the nuclear localization of TyrRS that activates PARP1. RSV and NAM have emerged as potent agonists of PARP1 through inhibition of SIRT1. In this study, we evaluated the effects of RSV and NAM on pro-inflammatory macrophages. Our results demonstrate that treatment with either RSV or NAM attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Strikingly, the combination of RSV with NAM, exerts additive effects on PARP1 activation. Consistently, treatment with PARP1 inhibitor antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect of both RSV and NAM. For the first time, we report the ability of NAM to augment PARP1 activation, induced by RSV, and its associated anti-inflammatory effects mediated through the induction of BCL6 with the concomitant down regulation of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Yanez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Megha Jhanji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Kendall Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - R Michael Gower
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mathew Sajish
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ehsan Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Yao LJ, Jalil J, Attiq A, Hui CC, Zakaria NA. The medicinal uses, toxicities and anti-inflammatory activity of Polyalthia species (Annonaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:303-325. [PMID: 30316887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polyalthia is one of the largest and notable genera in Annonaceae family. Polyalthia species have been widely used in folklore medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer and generalized body pain. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on Polyalthia Species have also corroborated the significant anti-inflammatory potential of its extracts and secondary metabolites. AIM OF THE STUDY This review is an attempt to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of Polyalthia species by giving critical appraisal and establishing evidences of their traditional uses. Moreover this review will highlight the lead compounds for future drug development that can serve as a potential anti-inflammatory drug with comparative efficacy and minimum side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review, focusing the anti-inflammatory potential of Polyalthia species was conducted using the following databases:PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Ovid, Scopus and ProQuest, as well as the locally available books, journals and relevant documents. The reference lists of retrieved papers were also searched for additional studies. RESULTS The Polyalthia species have shown significant anti-inflammatory activity through various mechanism of action. The most significant anti-inflammatory mechanism includes the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), prostaglandins (PGs), pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The data suggests that hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide and 16-oxocleroda-3,13-dien-15-oic acid, quercetin, rutin, spinasterol, α-spinasterol, goniothalamin and (-)-5-hydroxygoniothalamin are the most potent anti-inflammatory compounds from Polyalthia species with comparable IC50 with positive controls. CONCLUSIONS Numerous pharmacological studies have supported the use of Polyalthia species against pain, rheumatic fever, haemorrhages and inflammation in traditional medicine. Flavonoids, diterpenoids, sterols and styrylpyrones from genus Polyalthia are the most significant class of compounds with potent anti-inflammatory activity. Secondary metabolites from these classes should be brought into further research to fill the gaps of knowledge in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, and toxicity in order to convert the pre-clinical results into clinical data for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lui Jin Yao
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Attiq
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Chia Hui
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aimi Zakaria
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Agarwal H, Nakara A, Shanmugam VK. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2561-2572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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