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Khan F, Pham DTN, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Regulation and controlling the motility properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:33-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10201-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Audette GF, Yaseen A, Bragagnolo N, Bawa R. Protein Nanotubes: From Bionanotech towards Medical Applications. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020046. [PMID: 31234611 PMCID: PMC6630890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology involves the study of structures found in nature to construct nanodevices for biological and medical applications with the ultimate goal of commercialization. Within a cell most biochemical processes are driven by proteins and associated macromolecular complexes. Evolution has optimized these protein-based nanosystems within living organisms over millions of years. Among these are flagellin and pilin-based systems from bacteria, viral-based capsids, and eukaryotic microtubules and amyloids. While carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and protein/peptide-CNT composites, remain one of the most researched nanosystems due to their electrical and mechanical properties, there are many concerns regarding CNT toxicity and biodegradability. Therefore, proteins have emerged as useful biotemplates for nanomaterials due to their assembly under physiologically relevant conditions and ease of manipulation via protein engineering. This review aims to highlight some of the current research employing protein nanotubes (PNTs) for the development of molecular imaging biosensors, conducting wires for microelectronics, fuel cells, and drug delivery systems. The translational potential of PNTs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Audette
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Ayat Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Nicholas Bragagnolo
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Raj Bawa
- Patent Law Department, Bawa Biotech LLC, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
- Guanine Inc., Rensselaer, NY 12144-3463, USA.
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Microbial nanowires - Electron transport and the role of synthetic analogues. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:1-30. [PMID: 29357319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer is central to cellular life, from photosynthesis to respiration. In the case of anaerobic respiration, some microbes have extracellular appendages that can be utilised to transport electrons over great distances. Two model organisms heavily studied in this arena are Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens. There is some debate over how, in particular, the Geobacter sulfurreducens nanowires (formed from pilin nanofilaments) are capable of achieving the impressive feats of natural conductivity that they display. In this article, we outline the mechanisms of electron transfer through delocalised electron transport, quantum tunnelling, and hopping as they pertain to biomaterials. These are described along with existing examples of the different types of conductivity observed in natural systems such as DNA and proteins in order to provide context for understanding the complexities involved in studying the electron transport properties of these unique nanowires. We then introduce some synthetic analogues, made using peptides, which may assist in resolving this debate. Microbial nanowires and the synthetic analogues thereof are of particular interest, not just for biogeochemistry, but also for the exciting potential bioelectronic and clinical applications as covered in the final section of the review. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Some microbes have extracellular appendages that transport electrons over vast distances in order to respire, such as the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. There is significant debate over how G. sulfurreducens nanowires are capable of achieving the impressive feats of natural conductivity that they display: This mechanism is a fundamental scientific challenge, with important environmental and technological implications. Through outlining the techniques and outcomes of investigations into the mechanisms of such protein-based nanofibrils, we provide a platform for the general study of the electronic properties of biomaterials. The implications are broad-reaching, with fundamental investigations into electron transfer processes in natural and biomimetic materials underway. From these studies, applications in the medical, energy, and IT industries can be developed utilising bioelectronics.
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Beznosov SN, Pyatibratov MG, Fedorov OV. Archaeal Flagella as Biotemplates for Nanomaterials with New Properties. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:S56-S61. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918140067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Guterman T, Kornreich M, Stern A, Adler-Abramovich L, Porath D, Beck R, Shimon LJW, Gazit E. Formation of bacterial pilus-like nanofibres by designed minimalistic self-assembling peptides. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13482. [PMID: 27853136 PMCID: PMC5473601 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mimicking the multifunctional bacterial type IV pili (T4Ps) nanofibres provides an important avenue towards the development of new functional nanostructured biomaterials. Yet, the development of T4Ps-based applications is limited by the inability to form these nanofibres in vitro from their pilin monomers. Here, to overcome this limitation, we followed a reductionist approach and designed a self-assembling pilin-based 20-mer peptide, derived from the presumably bioelectronic pilin of Geobacter sulfurreducens. The designed 20-mer, which spans sequences from both the polymerization domain and the functionality region of the pilin, self-assembled into ordered nanofibres. Investigation of the 20-mer revealed that shorter sequences which correspond to the polymerization domain form a supramolecular β-sheet, contrary to their helical configuration in the native T4P core, due to alternative molecular recognition. In contrast, the sequence derived from the functionality region maintains a native-like, helical conformation. This study presents a new family of self-assembling peptides which form T4P-like nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Guterman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Kornreich
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Avigail Stern
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Danny Porath
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roy Beck
- The Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Lento C, Wilson DJ, Audette GF. Dimerization of the type IV pilin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K122-4 results in increased helix stability as measured by time-resolved hydrogen-deuterium exchange. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:012001. [PMID: 26798830 PMCID: PMC4711513 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Truncated pilin monomers from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K122-4 (ΔK122) have been shown to enter a monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution prior to oligomerization into protein nanotubes. Here, we examine the structural changes occurring between the monomeric and dimeric states of ΔK122 using time-resolved hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Based on levels of deuterium uptake, the N-terminal α-helix and the loop connecting the second and third strands of the anti-parallel β-sheet contribute significantly to pilin dimerization. Conversely, the antiparallel β-sheet and αβ loop region exhibit increased flexibility, while the receptor binding domain retains a rigid conformation in the equilibrium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lento
- Department of Chemistry, York University , Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Gorgel M, Ulstrup JJ, Bøggild A, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Nissen P, Boesen T. High-resolution structure of a type IV pilin from the metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 15:4. [PMID: 25886849 PMCID: PMC4376143 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-015-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Type IV pili are widely expressed among Gram-negative bacteria, where they are involved in biofilm formation, serve in the transfer of DNA, motility and in the bacterial attachment to various surfaces. Type IV pili in Shewanella oneidensis are also supposed to play an important role in extracellular electron transfer by the attachment to sediments containing electron acceptors and potentially forming conductive nanowires. Results The potential nanowire type IV pilin PilBac1 from S. oneidensis was characterized by a combination of complementary structural methods and the atomic structure was determined at a resolution of 1.67 Å by X-ray crystallography. PilBac1 consists of one long N-terminal α-helix packed against four antiparallel β-strands, thus revealing the core fold of type IV pilins. In the crystal, PilBac1 forms a parallel dimer with a sodium ion bound to one of the monomers. Interestingly, our PilBac1 crystal structure reveals two unusual features compared to other type IVa pilins: an unusual position of the disulfide bridge and a straight α-helical section, which usually exhibits a pronounced kink. This straight helix leads to a distinct packing in a filament model of PilBac1 based on an EM model of a Neisseria pilus. Conclusions In this study we have described the first structure of a pilin from Shewanella oneidensis. The structure possesses features of the common type IV pilin core, but also exhibits significant variations in the α-helical part and the D-region. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-015-0031-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gorgel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Jensen Ulstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Bøggild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, building 1525, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Søren V Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, building 1525, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Poul Nissen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10c, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
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