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He S, Wang Y, Luo Y, Xue M, Wu M, Tan H, Peng Y, Wang K, Fang M. Integrated analysis strategy of genome-wide functional gene mining reveals DKK2 gene underlying meat quality in Shaziling synthesized pigs. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38178019 PMCID: PMC10765619 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaziling pig is a well-known indigenous breed in China who has superior meat quality traits. However, the genetic mechanism and genomic evidence underlying meat quality characteristics of Shaziling pigs are still unclear. To explore and investigate the germplasm characteristics of Shaziling pigs, we totally analyzed 67 individual's whole genome sequencing data for the first time (20 Shaziling pigs [S], 20 Dabasha pigs [DBS], 11 Yorkshire pigs [Y], 10 Berkshire pigs [BKX], 5 Basha pigs [BS] and 1 Warthog). RESULTS A total of 2,538,577 SNPs with high quality were detected and 9 candidate genes which was specifically selected in S and shared in S to DBS were precisely mined and screened using an integrated analysis strategy of identity-by-descent (IBD) and selective sweep. Of them, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2 (DKK2), the antagonist of Wnt signaling pathway, was the most promising candidate gene which was not only identified an association of palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid quantitative trait locus in PigQTLdb, but also specifically selected in S compared to other 48 Chinese local pigs of 12 populations and 39 foreign pigs of 4 populations. Subsequently, a mutation at 12,726-bp of DKK2 intron 1 (g.114874954 A > C) was identified associated with intramuscular fat content using method of PCR-RFLP in 21 different pig populations. We observed DKK2 specifically expressed in adipose tissues. Overexpression of DKK2 decreased the content of triglyceride, fatty acid synthase and expression of relevant genes of adipogenic and Wnt signaling pathway, while interference of DKK2 got contrary effect during adipogenesis differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide an analysis strategy for mining functional genes of important economic traits and provide fundamental data and molecular evidence for improving pig meat quality traits and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yubei Wang
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yabiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Maisheng Wu
- Xiangtan Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine and Aquatic Product, Xiangtan, 411102, China
| | - Hong Tan
- Xiangtan Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine and Aquatic Product, Xiangtan, 411102, China
| | - Yinglin Peng
- Hunan Institute of Animal & Veterinary Science, Changsha, 410131, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Meiying Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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Lee JH, Kim SH. Functional and morphological maturation of the full-sized and mini-pig corpus luteum by programmed cell death mechanism. J Vet Res 2023; 67:307-314. [PMID: 38143820 PMCID: PMC10740324 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The formation and function of the corpus luteum (CL) increase the likelihood of pregnancy and efficiently manage implantation. Apoptosis must occur at an appropriate time in the formation of the CL. This also affects its function. However, it is still unclear if the type of apoptosis affects the function. Material and Methods We conducted morphological analysis of the CL collected on day 15 between the middle and late oestrous phases of Yorkshire pigs and mini-pigs, and measured the difference in hormone expression and apoptosis using an immunoassay method and messenger RNA level. Results The CL cells were more uniform in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, and the composition of the CL was also fuller. The expression of luteinising hormone was higher in the Yorkshire pigs. Apoptosis and the rate of action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were different between the two pig types. Expression of MMPs was higher in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs. However, the expression of caspase 3 and 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a progesterone inhibitor, was potentiated in the mini-pigs. Conclusion Autophagy throughout the CL was more extensive in the Yorkshire pigs than in the mini-pigs, suggesting that autophagy and cell reorganisation by MMPs were highly correlated. The occurrence of autophagy in the formation and function of the CL may affect the action of hormones and expression of cell reconstitution factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Lee
- Institute of Applied Humanimal Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Applied Humanimal Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Republic of Korea
- School of Animal Life Convergence Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung, Gyeonggi-do, 17579, Republic of Korea
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Effects of programmed cell death induction method on somatic cell development. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.3.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Contextualizing Autophagy during Gametogenesis and Preimplantation Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126313. [PMID: 34204653 PMCID: PMC8231133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals face environmental stressors throughout their lifespan, which may jeopardize cellular homeostasis. Hence, these organisms have acquired mechanisms to cope with stressors by sensing, repairing the damage, and reallocating resources to increase the odds of long-term survival. Autophagy is a pro-survival lysosome-mediated cytoplasm degradation pathway for organelle and macromolecule recycling. Furthermore, autophagy efflux increases, and this pathway becomes idiosyncratic depending upon developmental and environmental contexts. Mammalian germ cells and preimplantation embryos are attractive models for dissecting autophagy due to their metastable phenotypes during differentiation and exposure to varying environmental cues. The aim of this review is to explore autophagy during mammalian gametogenesis, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development by contemplating its physiological role during development, under key stressors, and within the scope of assisted reproduction technologies.
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Gioia L, Festuccia C, Colapietro A, Gloria A, Contri A, Valbonetti L. Abundances of autophagy-related protein LC3B in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes during atresia of pig antral follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106225. [PMID: 31785629 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, apoptosis has been accepted as the type of programmed cell death (PCD) that occurs in ovarian follicles undergoing atresia. Results of recent studies, however, indicate autophagy may be an alternative mechanism involved in follicle depletion through independent or tandem actions with apoptosis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence procedures were used in the present study to investigate the abundances of LC3B protein in freshly collected granulosa cells (GCs), cumulus cells (CCs), and oocytes to evaluate whether autophagy is an important process of antral follicle atresia in sexually mature sows. Furthermore, apoptosis was analyzed using annexin V and TUNEL assays in the same cellular cohorts to evaluate the correlation between the two processes. Immunostaining results indicate autophagy was induced in the majority of GCs, CCs, and oocytes from early and advanced stage atretic follicles. The quantitative results of western blot analysis indicate there is a progressive increase (P < 0.05) in abundance of autophagy-related protein (LC3B-II) in these cells compared with cells in non-atretic follicles. Furthermore, there is confirmation that apoptosis occurs in the GCs of atretic follicles, thus indicating that in pigs apoptosis and autophagy are processes in GCs that regulate PCD and as a consequence antral follicle depletion. There was a greater abundance of LC3B-II in CCs and oocytes of atretic follicles, while apoptosis was not detected. It, therefore, is suggested that in these cells the two processes function independently, with autophagy having a cytoprotective rather than PCD mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gioia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Colapietro
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Gloria
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Contri
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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Toton E, Romaniuk A, Budzianowski J, Hofmann J, Rybczynska M. Zapotin (5,6,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone) Modulates the Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Pathways in Cancer Cells with Overexpressed Constitutively Active PKCϵ. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:290-304. [PMID: 26847268 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1134595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is important in the regulation of survival and death signaling pathways in cancer. PKCϵ revealed high transforming potential and the ability to increase cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Zapotin (5,6,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone), a natural flavonoid, showed chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Previously, we reported that downmodulation of induced PKCϵ level by zapotin was associated with decreased migration and increased apoptosis in HeLa cell line containing doxycycline-inducible constitutively active PKCϵ (PKCϵA/E, Ala(159) → Glu). Depending on the genetic and environmental content of cells, autophagy may either precede apoptosis or occur simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of zapotin on autophagy. Increasing concentration of zapotin (from 7.5 µM to 30 µM) caused an inhibition of the formation of autophagosomes and a decline in microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein levels. The gene expression level of major negative regulator of autophagy was noticeably increased. Moreover, the expression of the pivotal autophagy genes was decreased. These changes were accompanied by alternation in autophagy-related protein levels. In conclusion, our results implied that both the antiautophagic and the proapoptosis effect of zapotin in HeLaPKCϵA/E cells are associated with the protein kinase C epsilon signaling pathway and lead to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Toton
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Romaniuk
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Jaromir Budzianowski
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Botany , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
| | - Johann Hofmann
- c Biocenter, Division of Medical Biochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Maria Rybczynska
- a Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland
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Bradford AP, Jones K, Kechris K, Chosich J, Montague M, Warren WC, May MC, Al-Safi Z, Kuokkanen S, Appt SE, Polotsky AJ. Joint MiRNA/mRNA expression profiling reveals changes consistent with development of dysfunctional corpus luteum after weight gain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135163. [PMID: 26258540 PMCID: PMC4530955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese women exhibit decreased fertility, high miscarriage rates and dysfunctional corpus luteum (CL), but molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. We hypothesized that weight gain induces alterations in CL gene expression. RNA sequencing was used to identify changes in the CL transcriptome in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) during weight gain. 10 months of high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHF) resulted in a 20% weight gain for HFHF animals vs. 2% for controls (p = 0.03) and a 66% increase in percent fat mass for HFHF group. Ovulation was confirmed at baseline and after intervention in all animals. CL were collected on luteal day 7-9 based on follicular phase estradiol peak. 432 mRNAs and 9 miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to HFHF diet. Specifically, miR-28, miR-26, and let-7b previously shown to inhibit sex steroid production in human granulosa cells, were up-regulated. Using integrated miRNA and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated changes in 52 coordinately regulated mRNA targets corresponding to opposite changes in miRNA. Specifically, 2 targets of miR-28 and 10 targets of miR-26 were down-regulated, including genes linked to follicular development, steroidogenesis, granulosa cell proliferation and survival. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of dietary-induced responses of the ovulating ovary to developing adiposity. The observed HFHF diet-induced changes were consistent with development of a dysfunctional CL and provide new mechanistic insights for decreased sex steroid production characteristic of obese women. MiRNAs may represent novel biomarkers of obesity-related subfertility and potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Justin Chosich
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Michael Montague
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Margaret C. May
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Zain Al-Safi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Satu Kuokkanen
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Appt
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States of America
| | - Alex J. Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ganesan S, Moussavi Nik SH, Newman M, Lardelli M. Identification and expression analysis of the zebrafish orthologues of the mammalian MAP1LC3 gene family. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:228-237. [PMID: 25051050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the principle pathway within cells involved in clearing damaged proteins and organelles. Therefore autophagy is necessary to maintain the turnover balance of peptides and homoeostasis. Autophagy occurs at basal levels under normal conditions but can be upregulated by chemical inducers or stress conditions. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) serves as a versatile tool to understand the functions of genes implicated in autophagy. We report the identification of the zebrafish orthologues of mammalian genes MAP1LC3A (map1lc3a) and MAP1LC3B (map1lc3b) by phylogenetic and conserved synteny analysis and we examine their expression during embryonic development. The zebrafish map1lc3a and map1lc3b genes both show maternally contributed transcripts in early embryogenesis. However, levels of map1lc3a transcript steadily increase until at least 120h post-fertilisation while the levels of map1lc3b show a more variable pattern across developmental time. We have also validated the LC3I ratio/LC3I immunoblot autophagy assay in the presence of chloroquine (a lysosomal proteolysis inhibitor). We found that the LC3II/LC3I ratio is significantly increased in the presence of sodium azide with chloroquine supporting that hypoxia induces autophagy in zebrafish. This was supported by our qPCR assay that showed increased map1lc3a transcript levels in the presence of sodium azide. In contrast, levels of map1lc3b transcripts were reduced in the presence of rapamycin but the decrease in the presence of sodium azide did not reach statistical significance. Our study supports the use of zebrafish for analysing the interplay between hypoxia, development and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamynathan Ganesan
- Discipline of Genetics, Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Seyyed Hani Moussavi Nik
- Discipline of Genetics, Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Morgan Newman
- Discipline of Genetics, Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Discipline of Genetics, Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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