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Hedayatrad L, Stewart T, Paine SJ, Marks E, Walker C, Duncan S. Sociodemographic differences in 24-hour time-use behaviours in New Zealand children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:131. [PMID: 36195954 PMCID: PMC9531491 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time that children spend in physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep each day (i.e., 24-h time-use behaviours), is related to physical and mental health outcomes. Currently, there is no comprehensive evidence on New Zealand school-aged children's 24-h time-use behaviours, adherence to the New Zealand 24-h Movement Guidelines, and how these vary among different sociodemographic groups. METHODS This study utilises data from the 8-year wave of the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal study. Using two Axivity AX3 accelerometers, children's 24-h time-use behaviours were described from two perspectives: activity intensity and activity type. Compositional data analysis techniques were used to explore the differences in 24-h time-use compositions across various sociodemographic groups. RESULTS Children spent on average, 31.1%, 22.3%, 6.8%, and 39.8% of their time in sedentary, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sleep, respectively. However, the daily distribution of time in different activity types was 33.2% sitting, 10.8% standing, 7.3% walking, 0.4% running, and 48.2% lying. Both the activity intensity and activity type compositions varied across groups of child ethnicity, gender, and household income or deprivation. The proportion of children meeting each of the guidelines was 90% for physical activity, 62.5% for sleep, 16% for screen time, and 10.6% for the combined guidelines. Both gender and residence location (i.e., urban vs. rural) were associated with meeting the physical activity guideline, whereas child ethnicity, mother's education and residence location were associated with meeting the screen time guideline. Child ethnicity and mother's education were also significantly associated with the adherence to the combined 24-h Movement Guidelines. CONCLUSIONS This study provided comprehensive evidence on how New Zealand children engage in 24-h time-use behaviours, adherence to the New Zealand 24-h Movement Guidelines, and how these behaviours differ across key sociodemographic groups. These findings should be considered in designing future interventions for promoting healthy time-use patterns in New Zealand children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hedayatrad
- School of Sport and Recreation, Department of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tom Stewart
- School of Sport and Recreation, Department of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah-Jane Paine
- Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Marks
- Growing Up in New Zealand, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Walker
- Growing Up in New Zealand, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Scott Duncan
- School of Sport and Recreation, Department of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pearson N, Griffiths P, van Sluijs E, Atkin AJ, Khunti K, Sherar LB. Associations between socioeconomic position and young people's physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the UK: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051736. [PMID: 35501089 PMCID: PMC9062792 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the evidence on the associations between socioeconomic position and young people's physical activity and sedentary behaviours in the UK. DESIGN Scoping review. DATA SOURCES PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published up to and including January 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Observational studies in children and adolescents (aged 5-18 years) from the UK that had assessed associations between at least one indicator of socioeconomic position and at least one outcome of physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were extracted by one reviewer and 20% were double checked. Indicators of socioeconomic position were tabulated with domains of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. RESULTS Fifty-seven publications were included in the review; 37 publications from 19 studies (k=23) of children and 21 publications from 15 studies (k=23) of adolescents. Most studies were cross-sectional. 63% of studies of children, and 40% of studies of adolescents assessed Index of Multiple Deprivation. Eighteen studies measured physical activity in children, 13 measured sedentary behaviour. Eleven studies of adolescents included a measure of physical activity, 10 included a measure of sedentary behaviour. Among children and adolescents, the association between socioeconomic position and measures of either physical activity or sedentary behaviour was highly variable depending on the measure of both socioeconomic position used and the behavioural outcome, with the exception of higher family affluence which was consistently associated with higher reported physical activity among adolescents. CONCLUSION Physical activity and sedentary behaviours of children and adolescents in the UK are complex and influenced by multiple indicators of socioeconomic position that are, in most cases, different across age stages, outcomes examined and measurement tools. Greater consistency in the use and measures of socioeconomic position as well as outcomes of behaviour are required for robust country-specific meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Paula Griffiths
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Andrew J Atkin
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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3
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Socioeconomic inequalities in children's weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4979. [PMID: 33654136 PMCID: PMC7925535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies exploring when social inequalities in body mass index (BMI) and its composites emerge and how these evolve with age are limited. Thus, this study explored parental income and education related inequalities in children's weight, height, weight velocity and body mass index among Norwegian children from 1 month to 8 years. The study population included 59,927 family/children pairs participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Growth was modelled using the Jenss-Bayley model and linear mixed effects analyses were conducted. Maternal and paternal educational differences in children's weight and BMI trajectories emerged during infancy, continuing to age 8 years. Parental income-related inequalities in children's weight were observed from the age of 1 month to 4 years for maternal and up to 1 year for paternal income-related differences but then disappeared. Parental income-related inequalities in child's BMI were observed from 18 months to 8 years for maternal income, and from 9 months to 8 years for paternal income-related differences. These results suggest that social inequalities in children's BMI present early in infancy and continue to 8 years of age. The inequalities sometimes differed by indicator of socioeconomic position used. Interventions to combat these inequalities early in life are, thus needed.
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Tassitano RM, Weaver RG, Tenório MCM, Brazendale K, Beets MW. Physical activity and sedentary time of youth in structured settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:160. [PMID: 33276782 PMCID: PMC7716454 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structured settings, such as school, childcare, afterschool programs, summer camps, and physical activity/sport programs are crucial to promoting physical activity (PA) opportunities and reducing sedentary (ST) for children and adolescents. However, little is known about how much PA and ST children and adolescents accumulate in structured settings. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the absolute amount of time youth spend physically active and sedentary in different structured settings (Prospero number: 42018111804). METHODS Observational and experimental/quasi-experimental studies (baseline data only) with full-text available, written in English and published in a peer-reviewed journal, reporting the total amount of objectively measured PA (light, moderate, vigorous, and/or total physical activity) and/or time spent ST during structured settings among youth (3 to 18 years) were eligible. Adjusted meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled mean of time spent in PA and ST, by settings and sex. RESULTS A total of 187 studies (childcare n=60; school n=91; afterschool programs n=14; summer camp n=4; and Physical activity/ sport programs n=18) from 30 countries (47.9% United States), representing 74,870 youth (mean age 8.6 years old) were included. Overall, there was a high variation between studies in outcomes and settings. The meta-analyses revealed, on average, youth spend 221.8 minutes (36.7 min/hour) in ST and 32.1 minutes (5.1 min/hour) in MVPA during childcare hours, and 223.9 minutes (36.7min/hour) in ST and 27.8 min (4.4 min/hour) in MVPA at school. Relatively, youth are engaged in more MVPA in afterschool programs (11.7 min/hour), PA/ sport programs (20.9 min/hour), and summer camps (6.4 min/hour), when compared to childcare and school. CONCLUSION Total PA accumulated during childcare and MVPA accumulated during schools hours were close to recommendations, despite high proportion of ST. Afterschool programs, summer camp and PA/ sport programs are important settings that can contribute to daily PA and reduced ST. Ensuring all youth have access to these structured settings may be an important step forward for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Tassitano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, SN Dom Manoel de Medeiros St, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Cecília M Tenório
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, SN Dom Manoel de Medeiros St, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
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5
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Moradi G, Mostafavi F, Piroozi B, Zareie B, Mahboobi M, Rasouli MA. The prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian adolescents and the impact of economic and social inequalities on it: results of a National Study in 2018. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1499. [PMID: 33008338 PMCID: PMC7532599 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity in Iranian adolescents aged 10-12 years and the impact of socioeconomic inequality on it. METHODS In this descriptive study, the study population consisted of 10-12 years old adolescents from an Iranian population from Kurdistan, Fars and Markazi provinces in 2018. The sample size was 1590 individuals. The sampling method was cluster sampling. Data was collected using demographic questionnaire, modifiable activity questionnaire (MAQ) and socioeconomic questionnaire. Cut points on the MAQ for light activity, moderate activity and heavy activity were MET< 3, MET = 3-6 and MET> 6, respectively. Linear and logistic regression were used to estimate the final model and the Oaxaca analysis method was applied. All analyses were performed in Stata/SE 14.0. RESULTS Of the 1590 participants, 52.82% were male. The results showed that 25.79% of the subjects were physically inactive and 7.30% engaged in moderate physical activity during the week. The average physical activity during 1 week was more in boys than in girls (P-value< 0.05). Adolescents of mothers with secondary and high school education were more likely to have physical inactivity than mothers with a high school diploma or higher (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.02-1.77). The concentration index was -.11, indicating a greater concentration of physical inactivity in adolescents with low socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSION One-fourth of the study population had physical inactivity in this age group. Socioeconomic levels, parental literacy, and sex of adolescents were associated with the level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghobad Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farideh Mostafavi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bakhtiar Piroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bushra Zareie
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mahboobi
- Center for Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Ave, Sanandaj, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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6
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Omorou AY, Manneville F, Langlois J, Legrand K, Böhme P, Muller L, Guillemin F, Briançon S, Lecomte E. Physical activity rather than sedentary behaviour is socially determined in French adolescents with overweight and obesity. Prev Med 2020; 134:106043. [PMID: 32097754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Social differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents, known as the weight social gradient, could be explained by differences in behaviours between social classes. This study examined the respective association of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and weight status with adolescents' socioeconomic status. We used cross-sectional data for 1935 adolescents (13-18 years old) with overweight or obesity who participated in the PRALIMAP-INÉS (PRomotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique - INÉgalités de Santé) trial conducted in northeastern France between 2012 and 2015. Adolescents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for PA and SB and the Family Affluence Scale for socioeconomic status. Weight status was assessed by the body mass index (BMI) and BMI z-score. Social gradient of weight status, PA and SB were described according to the Family Affluence Scale (slopes) and evidenced by the linear trend test (p). Adolescents' socioeconomic status was positively associated with PA practice (frequency, vigorous PA and leisure-time PA), but there was no association with their SB. The results confirmed a significant weight social gradient: BMI (β = 0.37, p < .0001) and BMI z-score (β = 0.07, p = .0001). The weight social gradient in adolescents was mostly associated with PA (5.7% to 8.1%) rather than SB (2.7% to 5.7%). Nearly 14% of BMI z-scores could be related to a combined PA and SB effect. PA was found an important factor of weight social gradient in adolescence. Actions aimed at preventing weight social inequalities among adolescents could include PA promotion as lever. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY AND NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01688453).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Y Omorou
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Johanne Langlois
- University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France; National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Karine Legrand
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Philip Böhme
- Department of diabetology, metabolic diseases and nutrition, Nancy University Hospital, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Francis Guillemin
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Serge Briançon
- CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, University of Lorraine, CIC, Clinical Epidemiology, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Edith Lecomte
- National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), F-54000 Nancy, France
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7
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Soares S, Santos AC, Peres FS, Barros H, Fraga S. Early life socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic health in childhood: Evidence from the Generation XXI cohort. Prev Med 2020; 133:106002. [PMID: 32007527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social adversity is thought to become biologically embedded during sensitive periods of development which could set children on a trajectory of increased risk for later diseases. This study estimated the association between early socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic biomarkers during childhood. We analyzed data from 2962 participants in the birth cohort Generation XXI. Early socioeconomic circumstances included parental education and occupation and household income measured at the child's birth; cardiometabolic biomarkers included a set of parameters that were determined at seven and 10years old. The association between early socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic biomarkers in children aged seven and 10years old was estimated using generalized estimating equations. We observed, after adjustment for birth weight, sex, five-a-day fruit and vegetable intake and sedentary activity, that children with low educated mothers presented higher body mass index z-score (β=0.22; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.33), higher waist circumference (β=1.14; 95%CI: 0.55, 1.73) and increased systolic blood pressure z-score (β=0.15; 95%CI: 0.08, 0.22) at the age of seven. At 10years, children with mothers with low education, presented higher body mass index z-score (β =0.32; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.43), higher waist circumference (β=2.79; 95%CI: 1.94, 3.64), increased diastolic blood pressure z-score (β=0.11; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.17) and increased systolic blood pressure s-score (β=0.20; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.28). When repeated measures of cardiometabolic biomarkers were taken into account, the association between socioeconomic circumstances and cardiometabolic biomarkers remained significant. Low socioeconomic circumstances have a possible detrimental effect on children's cardiometabolic health. Thus, socioeconomic adversity might impact health outcomes already in the first decade of life, emphasizing the early social patterning of cardiometabolic health and the need of social policies targeting children and families to modify or reverse its negative impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Soares
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Henrique Barros
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Atkins R, Deatrick JA, Gage GS, Earley S, Earley D, Lipman TH. Partnerships to Evaluate the Social Impact of Dance for Health: A Qualitative Inquiry. J Community Health Nurs 2020; 36:124-138. [PMID: 31291771 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2019.1630963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the social impact and meaning of "Dance for Health" for participants who attended this community driven, intergenerational, physical activity dance program. Methods:This study employed a descriptive, qualitative design and utilized a participatory action research approach to obtain pilot data on fourteen participants between the ages 18 to 75. One focus group discussion with 13 participants and an individual interview with a female participant was conducted. Data collection took place in the community where intervention sessions were held. Audiotapes from one focus group discussion and one in depth individual interview were transcribed by a professional transcription service. The NVIVO computer program was used to organize the data. Directed content analysis of the data took place utilizing primary and secondary coding, category and theme development. Results: Three broad themes emerged representing the social impact of Dance for Health and included: (1) Enhancing the Well-being of the Individual, (2) Fostering Interpersonal Relationships and Connections, (3) Fostering Connections with the Community. Conclusion: A participatory action research approach facilitates successful collaborations between community organizations and academic institutions and can be used to evaluate the impact of physical activity programs on urban community residents. Participants experienced interpersonal and social benefits from regular attendance at the "Dance for Health" program, subsequently contributing to program sustainability. Focused attention to social determinants of physical activity participation can improve physical activity maintenance in residents who reside in under-resourced communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahshida Atkins
- a Rutgers The State University School of Nursing-Camden , Camden , NJ , USA
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- b Professor Emerita of Nursing , University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Gale S Gage
- c Department of Nursing , Essex County College , Newark , NJ , USA
| | | | | | - Terri H Lipman
- e Assistant Dean for Community Engagement, Miriam Stirl Endowed Term Professor of Nutrition, Professor of Nursing of Children , University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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9
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Cabanas-Sánchez V, Esteban-Cornejo I, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Padilla-Moledo C, Castro-Piñero J, Veiga ÓL. How socio-demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with total and domain-specific sedentary behaviour in youth? The UP&DOWN study. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:1102-1112. [PMID: 31699004 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1691271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aims of the present study were to analyze the associations between the socio-demographic and familiar circumstances with: (i) the total leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) assessed by accelerometry, and (ii) the domain-specific leisure-time SB (i.e., screen-based, educational-based, social-based, and other-based SB), in a sample of Spanish youth. Method: The sample consisted of 1,543 youth (12.02 ± 2.51 years) included in the UP&DOWN study. SB was evaluated by accelerometry and questionnaire. Nationality, location of school, type of school, socio-economic status, parental educational level, parental occupation status, family structure, number of siblings and position among siblings were self-reported by participants or their parents. Linear mixed models, including school and city as random effects, were performed. Results: Several associations were found; however, socio-demographic and family circumstances differently associated with SB according to the domain-specific SB, the sex and the type of day. For example, participants with a father holding a high-skilled occupation spent lower time in screen-based SB during weekdays; and mother occupation status of high qualification was related to higher educational-based SB in boys. Having three or more sibling was associated with lower total SB in boys, while having an obese mother was related to higher screen-based SB on weekends both in boys and girls. Conclusions: Socio-demographic and familiar circumstances are associated with SB in young people, so future interventions should consider multiple and sex-specific factors for reduce SB of young people, focusing especially on youth with a low number of siblings and with parents holding low-skilled employments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Physical Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Facultad de Educación, Centro de Investigación, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Padilla-Moledo
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Physical Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Physical Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Óscar L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Schuler BR. Social work and toddler overweight risk: Identifying modifiable child and parent factors across the socioeconomic gradient. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2019; 58:952-969. [PMID: 31671025 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2019.1680478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Childhood obesity is associated with long-term health consequences, yet little is known about the prevalence of child and parent risk factors of overweight across the socioeconomic gradient in early life. This exploratory study documents the prevalence of risk factors that contribute to overweight among toddlers within and across socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Obesity risk factors were examined within and across SES quintiles in a nationally representative sample. Data were collected from 5,100 mothers and 2-year-old children. Weighted regression models assessed child and parent characteristics that predict toddler weight status in a national sample and samples stratified by SES quintiles. Results: Higher rates of overweight were observed in Q1 (29.2%) and reduced with each successive SES quintile (16.9%-Q5), suggesting a gradient effect. Results indicated factors unique within quintiles, distinct from the full national sample: Q1-motor development; Q2-motor and mental development, maternal BMI, breastfeeding, bottle feeding, introduction of solid foods; Q3-breastfeeding; and Q4-5-introduction of solid foods. Discussion: Findings further existing knowledge of toddler obesity by uncovering risks relevant for specific SES groups. Results yield implications for social workers to refine strategies for improving toddler health and preventing overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Schuler
- School of Social Work, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Every Minute Counts: Patterns and Times of Physical Activity Participation in Children From Socially Disadvantaged Areas in Ireland. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:333-339. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Beavers AW, Atkinson A, Alaimo K. How Gardening and a Gardener Support Program in Detroit Influence Participants’ Diet, Food Security, and Food Values. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1587332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa W. Beavers
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Katherine Alaimo
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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13
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Olsen JR, Mitchell R, McCrorie P, Ellaway A. Children's mobility and environmental exposures in urban landscapes: A cross-sectional study of 10-11 year old Scottish children. Soc Sci Med 2019; 224:11-22. [PMID: 30735924 PMCID: PMC6411928 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Research into how the environment affects health and related behaviour is typically limited in at least two ways: it represents the environment to which people are exposed using fixed areal units, and, it focuses on one or two environmental characteristics only. This study developed a methodology for describing children's mobility and the complexity of their environmental exposure across a 1934 km2 study area, including urban, suburban and rural zones. It conceptualised and modelled this area as a landscape, comprised of spatially discrete amenities, infrastructure features, differing land covers/use and broader environmental contexts. The model used a 25 m2 grid system (∼3 million cells). For each cell, there was detailed built-environment information. We joined data for 100 10/11-year-old children who had worn GPS trackers to provide individual-level mobility information for one week during 2015/16 to our model. Using negative binomial regression, we explored which landscape features were associated with a child visiting that space and time spent there. We examined whether relationships between the features across our study area and children's use of the space differed by their sociodemographic characteristics. We found that children often used specific amenities outside their home neighbourhood, even if they were also available close to home. They spent more time in cells containing roads/transportation stops, food/drink retail (Incidence rate ratio (IRR):4.02, 95%CI 2.33 to 6.94), places of worship (IRR:5.98, 95%CI 3.33 to 10.72) and libraries (IRR:7.40, 95%CI 2.13 to 25.68), independently of proximity to home. This has importance for the optimal location of place-based health interventions. If we want to target children, we need to understand that using fixed neighbourhood boundaries may not be the best way to do it. The variations we found in time spent in certain areas by sex and socio-economic position also raise the possibility that interventions which ignore these differences may exacerbate inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Olsen
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Richard Mitchell
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul McCrorie
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne Ellaway
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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De Craemer M, Verloigne M, Ghekiere A, Loyen A, Dargent-Molina P, Brug J, Lien N, Froberg K, Wedderkopp N, Chastin S, Cardon G, Van Cauwenberg J. Changes in children's television and computer time according to parental education, parental income and ethnicity: A 6-year longitudinal EYHS study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203592. [PMID: 30192895 PMCID: PMC6128608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate changes in children's television and computer time according to three socio-economic status (SES) indicators. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Data were drawn from the European Youth Heart Study and included longitudinal data collected in 1997 and 2003 in Denmark. Television and computer time were self-reported by children. Parental education, income and ethnicity were parent-reported. Baseline data were available for 549 children (47.0% boys, 9.6 years). Generalized linear mixed models analyzed whether changes in television and computer time from baseline to follow-up differed according to the SES-indicators. RESULT TV viewing time increased with 25% over time (ExpB = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04-1.50). At both time points, children with two higher educated parents viewed 25% less hours of television than children with no higher educated parents (ExpB = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.60-0.94) and one higher educated parent (ExpB = 0.75, 95%CI = 0.59-0.97). Among children with no higher educated parents the odds of being in a higher category of computer time increased with 80% over time (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.24-2.60). Among children with two higher educated parents the odds of being in a higher category of computer time decreased with 45% over time (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32-0.94). The association with ethnicity showed that white children had 42% lower odds (OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34-1.00) of being in a higher category of computer time than non-white children. No significant associations were found for parental income. CONCLUSIONS The most important SES measure of screen-based behaviors in children was parental education. Ethnicity was only associated with computer time. Financial resources were less relevant for changes in television viewing and computer use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Ghekiere
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Loyen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Dargent-Molina
- Early Determinants of Children’s health and Development Team (ORCHAD), Inserm Epidemiology and Biostatistics Sorbonne Paris Cité Center (CRESS), Villejuif, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Johannes Brug
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam School for Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Froberg
- Department of Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, the United Kingdom
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Tirkel T, Edan Y, Khvorostianov N, Bar-Haim S. SIT LESS: A prototype home-based system for monitoring older adults sedentary behavior. Assist Technol 2018; 32:79-91. [PMID: 29944466 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2018.1493707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the overall design of a prototype home-based system aimed to reduce sedentary behavior of older adults. Quantitative performance indicators were developed to measure the sedentary behavior and daily activities of an older adult. The sedentary behavior is monitored by identifying individual positions (standing, sitting, and lying) within the field of view of a Microsoft Kinect sensor, using a custom designed algorithm. The physical activity of the older adult when outside the field of view of the Microsoft Kinect sensor is monitored by counting the number of steps using a Fitbit Charge HR watch, which the older adult is equipped with. A user interface was developed on a PC platform to interact with the older adult. The user interface is automatically operated and includes several modules. It displays the activity level, and provides feedbacks, alerts, and reminders to reduce sedentary behavior. Evaluations using a mixed methods approach that included a focus group, interviews, and observations were conducted to examine the integrated system, evaluate the users' experience with the system, and compare different types of feedbacks and alerts. The analyses indicated the feasibility of the proposed SIT LESS system along with recommendations for improving the system in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzafit Tirkel
- Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yael Edan
- Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Simona Bar-Haim
- Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Määttä S, Konttinen H, Haukkala A, Erkkola M, Roos E. Preschool children's context-specific sedentary behaviours and parental socioeconomic status in Finland: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016690. [PMID: 29101133 PMCID: PMC5695314 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the associations of parental socioeconomic status (SES) with preschoolers' objectively measured sedentary time (SED) over the course of a week and with parent-reported children's screen and reading times at home as indicators of sedentary behaviours (SB). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING In years 2015 and 2016 in Finland. PARTICIPANTS 864 children, aged 3-6 years, with their parents. OUTCOME MEASURES Children's accelerometer data were transformed into average SED minutes per hour in different contexts (preschool, home during preschool days, weekend and total). Parent-reported children's screen and reading times were expressed as average daily minutes. The SES indicators (maternal and paternal education and relative household income) were grouped into three categories. Linear or logistic regression analyses were used, with municipality, season, and children's gender and age as covariates. CIs were adjusted for clustering at the preschool group level. RESULTS Children with low maternal (β=17.21, 95% CI: 8.71 to 25.71) and paternal (β=10.54, 95% CI: 0.77 to 20.30) education had more overall screen time at home than their more advantaged counterparts. SES differences in overall screen time were mostly explained by TV viewing. Children with low as opposed to high maternal education (β=-2.66, 95% CI: -4.95 to -0.38) had less reading time at home. Children whose fathers were on the middle (β=-1.15, 95% CI: -2.01 to -0.29) educational level had less weekend SED than those with high paternal education. Otherwise, parental SES was not related to objectively measured SED. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight the fact that the associations between parental SES and preschoolers' SB are dependent on the indicators of SES and SBs, and vary between different contexts. Generally, parental SES was not associated with SED, whereas some SES differences existed in screen time and reading time at home. Interventions aiming to diminish SES differences in children's SB should focus on home hours. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN57165350.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Määttä
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Haukkala
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maijaliisa Erkkola
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, Helsinki, Finland
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Hoffmann B, Kettner S, Wirt T, Wartha O, Hermeling L, Steinacker JM, Kobel S. Sedentary time among primary school children in south-west Germany: amounts and correlates. Arch Public Health 2017; 75:63. [PMID: 29046786 PMCID: PMC5637270 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour in children is related to different health consequences such as overweight and cardio-metabolic diseases that can track into adulthood. Previous studies have shown that children spend hours being sedentary, but no data of sedentary time (ST) among German children has been available, yet. Therefore, this study investigated objectively measured amounts and correlates of ST in a sample of German primary school children. METHODS Children's physical activity (PA) was objectively assessed for 6 days using a multi-sensor device (Actiheart®; CamNtech, Cambridge, UK). Activity levels were categorized on the basis of energy expenditure (MET) into sedentary, light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). ST excluding sleeping hours was assessed for 231 children (7.1 ± 0.6 years, male: 45.9%) and analysed for independent groups. Examined factors (parental education, household income, and migration background) were assessed by parental questionnaire. Children's weight, height and gender were collected in schools. Weight status was calculated on the basis of BMI percentiles. RESULTS On average, children spent 3.5 ± 1.5 h daily being sedentary, excluding sleeping hours. Significantly higher ST was found in girls (t = -4.6; p < 0.01), in children with migration background (t = -6.9; p < 0.01), at the weekend (t = -2.8; p < 0.01), and among inactive children (t = 6.8; p < 0.01). Additionally, significant correlations with ST in this sample were identified for MVPA (B = -0.99; [-1.09;-0.88], p < 0.01), LPA (B = -0.89; [-0.97;-0.82], p < 0.01), migration background (B = -17.64; [5.24;30.04], p < 0.01), gender (B = -13.48; [-25.94;-1.01], p < 0.05) and household income (B = -4.80; [-9.07; -0.53], p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Girls, children with migration background, and inactive children were identified as potential risk groups. A higher income was associated with less ST. In general, ST was higher at the weekend. Furthermore, as PA was found to be negatively correlated to ST, these activities may replace each other. Therefore, these findings should be considered in future health interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), DRKS-ID: DRKS00000494 DATE: 25/08/2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Hoffmann
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Kettner
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Wirt
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Olivia Wartha
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lina Hermeling
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen M. Steinacker
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Kobel
- Division of Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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18
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Socioeconomic Inequality in Childhood Obesity. J Res Health Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC7189950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in obesity and
overweight in children aged 10 to 12 yr old.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study was conducted on 2506 children aged 10 to 12 yr old in the city of Sanandaj,
western Iran in 2015. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Considering household situation and
assets, socioeconomic status (SES) of the subjects was determined using Principal Component
Analysis (PCA). Concentration Index was used to measure inequality and Oaxaca decomposition was
used to determine the share of different determinants of inequality.
Results: The prevalence of overweight was 24.1% (95% CI: 22.4, 25.7). 11.5% (95% CI: 10.0, 12.0)
were obese. The concentration index for overweight and obesity, respectively, was 0.10 (95% CI:
0.05, 0.15), and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.14) which indicated inequality and a higher prevalence of
obesity and overweight in higher SES. The results of Oaxaca decomposition suggested that
socioeconomic factors accounted for 75.8% of existing inequalities. Residential area and mother
education were the most important causes of inequality.
Conclusions: To reduce inequalities in childhood obesity, mother education must be promoted and
special attention must be paid to residential areas and children gender.
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19
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Brazendale K, Beets MW, Weaver RG, Pate RR, Turner-McGrievy GM, Kaczynski AT, Chandler JL, Bohnert A, von Hippel PT. Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:100. [PMID: 28747186 PMCID: PMC5530518 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the scientific community has acknowledged modest improvements can be made to weight status and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary/screen time, diet, and sleep) during the school year, studies suggests improvements are erased as elementary-age children are released to summer vacation. Emerging evidence shows children return to school after summer vacation displaying accelerated weight gain compared to the weight gained occurring during the school year. Understanding how summer days differ from when children are in school is, therefore, essential. DISCUSSION There is limited evidence on the etiology of accelerated weight gain during summer, with few studies comparing obesogenic behaviors on the same children during school and summer. For many children, summer days may be analogous to weekend days throughout the school year. Weekend days are often limited in consistent and formal structure, and thus differ from school days where segmented, pre-planned, restrictive, and compulsory components exist that shape obesogenic behaviors. The authors hypothesize that obesogenic behaviors are beneficially regulated when children are exposed to a structured day (i.e., school weekday) compared to what commonly occurs during summer. This is referred to as the 'Structured Days Hypothesis' (SDH). To illustrate how the SDH operates, this study examines empirical data that compares weekend day (less-structured) versus weekday (structured) obesogenic behaviors in U.S. elementary school-aged children. From 190 studies, 155 (~80%) demonstrate elementary-aged children's obesogenic behaviors are more unfavorable during weekend days compared to weekdays. CONCLUSION In light of the SDH, consistent evidence demonstrates the structured environment of weekdays may help to protect children by regulating obesogenic behaviors, most likely through compulsory physical activity opportunities, restricting caloric intake, reducing screen time occasions, and regulating sleep schedules. Summer is emerging as the critical period where childhood obesity prevention efforts need to be focused. The SDH can help researchers understand the drivers of obesogenic behaviors during summer and lead to innovative intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Brazendale
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - R. Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, 1st Floor Suite, Room 131, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Gabrielle M. Turner-McGrievy
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Andrew T. Kaczynski
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29201 USA
| | - Jessica L. Chandler
- Medical University of South Carolina, College of Nursing, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Amy Bohnert
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626 USA
| | - Paul T. von Hippel
- The University of Texas at Austin, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, 2300 Red River Street, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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Socio-economic differences in diet, physical activity and leisure-time screen use among Scottish children in 2006 and 2010: are we closing the gap? Public Health Nutr 2017; 20:951-958. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate socio-economic differences in children’s diet, activity and inactivity and changes in these differences over 4 years during which new policies on food in schools were introduced.DesignTwo cross-sectional surveys in which diet was assessed by FFQ and physical activity and inactivity were assessed by interviewer-administered questionnaire. Socio-economic status was assessed by the area-based Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.SettingScotland, 2006 and 2010.SubjectsChildren aged 3–17 years (n 1700 in 2006, n 1906 in 2010).ResultsIn both surveys there were significant linear associations between socio-economic deprivation and intakes of energy, non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) as a percentage of food energy, sugar-sweetened beverages, confectionery, crisps and savoury snacks and leisure-time screen use (all higher among children in more deprived areas), while intakes of fruit, fruit juice and vegetables showed the opposite trend. In 2010 children in more deprived areas engaged in more physical activity out of school than those in more affluent areas, but between 2006 and 2010 there was an overall reduction in physical activity out of school. There were also small but statistically significant overall reductions in intakes of confectionery, crisps and savoury snacks, energy and NMES and saturated fat as a percentage of food energy, but no statistically significant change in socio-economic gradients in diet or activity between the two surveys.ConclusionsInterventions to improve diet and physical activity in children in Scotland need to be designed so as to be effective in all socio-economic groups.
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Macniven R, Hearn S, Grunseit A, Richards J, Nutbeam D, Bauman A. Correlates of physical activity among Australian Indigenous and non‐Indigenous adolescents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2016; 41:187-192. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rona Macniven
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Shane Hearn
- Division of the Deputy Vice‐Chancellor & Vice‐PresidentThe University of Adelaide South Australia
| | - Anne Grunseit
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Justin Richards
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Don Nutbeam
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of Sydney New South Wales
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Arundell L, Fletcher E, Salmon J, Veitch J, Hinkley T. A systematic review of the prevalence of sedentary behavior during the after-school period among children aged 5-18 years. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:93. [PMID: 27549588 PMCID: PMC4994288 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independent of physical activity levels, youth sedentary behaviors (SB) have negative health outcomes. SB prevalence estimates during discretionary periods of the day (e.g., after-school), inform the need for targeted period-specific interventions. This systematic review aimed to determine children's and adolescents' SB prevalence during the after-school period. METHODS A computerized search was conducted in October 2015 (analysed November 2015). Inclusion criteria were: published in a peer-reviewed English journal; participants aged 5-18 years; measured overall after-school sedentary time (ST) objectively, and/or specific after-school SBs (e.g., TV viewing) objectively or subjectively; and provided the percentage of the after-school period spent in ST/SB or duration of behavior and period to calculate this. Where possible, findings were analyzed by location (e.g., after-school care/'other' locations). The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included: 24 included children (≤12 years), four assessed adolescents (>12 years) and one included both; 20 assessed ST and nine assessed SB. On average, children spent 41% and 51% of the after-school period in ST when at after-school care and other locations respectively. Adolescents spent 57% of the after-school period in ST. SBs that children and adolescents perform include: TV viewing (20% of the period), non-screen based SB (including homework; 20%), screen-based SB (including TV viewing; 18%), homework/academics (13%), motorised transport (12%), social SB (9%), and screen-based SB (excluding TV viewing; 6%). CONCLUSION Children spent up to half of the after-school period in ST and this is higher among adolescents. A variety of screen- and non-screen based SBs are performed after school, providing key targets for interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42015010437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Arundell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Elly Fletcher
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
| | - Trina Hinkley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC Australia
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Bürgi R, Tomatis L, Murer K, de Bruin ED. Spatial physical activity patterns among primary school children living in neighbourhoods of varying socioeconomic status: a cross-sectional study using accelerometry and Global Positioning System. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:282. [PMID: 27000056 PMCID: PMC4802637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be related to health status and overweight independent of individual SES. However, results about the association between neighbourhood SES and physical activity among children are ambiguous. Particularly, it is unknown how socioeconomic factors influence the spatial context of children’s moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). This study aimed to investigate by means of Global Positioning System (GPS) and accelerometry whether locations where children engage in MVPA and SB differ by neighbourhood SES. Methods Participants included 83 children aged 7–9 from nine public schools located in a low- and high-SES area in Zurich, Switzerland. Children wore an accelerometer and GPS sensor for seven consecutive days. Time-matched accelerometer and GPS data was mapped with a geographic information system and each data point assigned to one of eight activity settings. The amount and proportion of MVPA and SB were calculated for every setting. To investigate differences between the two SES groups, multilevel analyses accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data were conducted. Results Both SES groups achieved most minutes in MVPA at own school, on streets and at home and recorded the highest proportions of MVPA in recreational facilities, streets and other schools. The highest amounts and proportions of SB were found at home and own school. High-SES children accumulated significantly more minutes in MVPA and SB in parks, sport facilities, other schools and streets, while the low-SES group spent more time in both activities in other places. When taking the total time spent in a setting into account and using the proportion of MVPA or SB, the only differences between the two groups were found at other schools and outside, where the high-SES children showed a significantly higher activity level (p-values <0.001). Conclusions Several differences in the spatial activity pattern between children from low- and high-SES neighbourhoods were found, independent of their individual SES. The findings seem to highlight the importance of providing safe streets and access to appropriate types of recreational facilities to reach recommended PA levels. Further policies to reduce SB within home and school environment are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2954-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Bürgi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Tomatis
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Murer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Arundell L, Fletcher E, Salmon J, Veitch J, Hinkley T. The correlates of after-school sedentary behavior among children aged 5-18 years: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:58. [PMID: 26795731 PMCID: PMC4722784 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents spend a large proportion of the after-school period in sedentary behaviors (SB). Identifying context-specific correlates is important for informing strategies to reduce these behaviors. This paper systematically reviews the correlates of children's and adolescents' after-school SB. METHODS A computerized literature search was performed in October 2015 for peer-reviewed original research journal articles published in English before October 2015. Eligibility criteria included: 1) sample aged 5-18 years; 2) quantified the amount of SB or component of this that the children/adolescents were performing after school; 3) a measure of SB as the dependent outcome; and 4) the association between potential correlates and after-school SB. RESULTS Data were synthesized in October 2015. Thirty-one studies met the eligibility criteria: 22 studies among children (≤ 12 years), six among adolescents (>12 years), two had a combined sample of children and adolescents and one cohort followed children from childhood to adolescence. Findings were separated by after-school location i.e. after-school programs (n = 4 studies) and unidentified locations (n = 27). There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on all but two of the 58 potential correlates: sex and age. Among children at unidentified locations there was a null association between sex (male) and overall after-school SB, a null association between sex (male) and after-school TV viewing, a positive association between age and overall after-school SB and an inconsistent association between age and after-school TV viewing. No correlates of after-school sedentary behaviour while at after-school programs were identified. CONCLUSIONS Only two correlates have been investigated frequently enough to determine an overall association; neither correlate is modifiable. Due to the lack of consistent investigation of potential correlates, further evidence is required to accurately identify potential intervention targets. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42014009180.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Arundell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Elly Fletcher
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Jo Salmon
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Jenny Veitch
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Trina Hinkley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Australia.
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25
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MacMillan F, Kirk A, Mutrie N, Robertson K. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Scottish youth with type 1 diabetes. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Freya MacMillan
- School of Science and Health; University of Western Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Alison Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Nanette Mutrie
- Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Kenneth Robertson
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde Children's Diabetes Service; Royal Hospital for Sick Children (Yorkhill); Glasgow UK
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26
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Atkin AJ, Corder K, van Sluijs EMF. Bedroom media, sedentary time and screen-time in children: a longitudinal analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:137. [PMID: 24341426 PMCID: PMC3895703 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having electronic media in the bedroom is cross-sectionally associated with greater screen-time in children, but few longitudinal studies exist. The aim of this study was to describe longitudinal patterns of ownership and examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of bedroom media with children's sedentary behaviour. METHODS Data are from the Sport, Physical activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young people (SPEEDY) study, collected at 3 time-points: baseline (2007, T0; age 10.3 ± 0.3 years), 1-year (T1y) and 4-year (T4y) follow-up. For each assessment, 1512 (44.9% male), 715 (41.0% male), and 319 (48.3% male) participants provided valid accelerometer data. Outcome variables were accelerometer-assessed sedentary time and self-reported screen-time. The presence of a television or computer in the bedroom was self-reported by participants and a combined bedroom media score calculated as the sum of such items. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between bedroom media and each outcome were examined using multi-level linear regression. RESULTS Bedroom TV ownership fell from 70.9% at T0 to 42.5% at T4y. Having a TV in the bedroom (beta; 95% CI*100, T0: -1.17; -1.88, -0.46. T1y: -1.68; -2.67, -0.70) and combined bedroom media (T0: -0.76; -1.26, -0.27. T1y: -0.79; -1.51, -0.07) were negatively associated with objectively measured weekly sedentary time at T0 and T1y. Having a computer in the bedroom (beta; 95% CI, T0: 0.15; 0.02, 0.29. T4y: 0.35; 0.10, 0.60) and combined bedroom media (T0: 0.09: 0.01, 0.18. T4y: 0.20; 0.05, 0.34) were positively associated with screen-time at T0 and T4y. Relative to participants without a computer throughout the study, children that had a computer in their bedroom at T0 but not at T4y (beta; 95% CI for change in screen-time: -8.02; -12.75, -3.29) reported smaller increases in screen-time. CONCLUSIONS The bedroom media environment changes with age and exhibits a complex relationship with children's sedentary behaviour. Modifying children's bedroom media environment may impact upon screen-time but appears unlikely to influence overall sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Atkin
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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