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Siraj Y, Galderisi U, Alessio N. Senescence induces fundamental changes in the secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs): implications for the therapeutic use of MSCs and their derivates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1148761. [PMID: 37229499 PMCID: PMC10203235 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1148761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population containing multipotent adult stem cells with a multi-lineage differentiation capacity, which differentiated into mesodermal derivatives. MSCs are employed for therapeutic purposes and several investigations have demonstrated that the positive effects of MSC transplants are due to the capacity of MSCs to modulate tissue homeostasis and repair via the activity of their secretome. Indeed, the MSC-derived secretomes are now an alternative strategy to cell transplantation due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and regenerative effects. The cellular senescence is a dynamic process that leads to permanent cell cycle arrest, loss of healthy cells' physiological functions and acquiring new activities, which are mainly accrued through the release of many factors, indicated as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The senescence occurring in stem cells, such as those present in MSCs, may have detrimental effects on health since it can undermine tissue homeostasis and repair. The analysis of MSC secretome is important either for the MSC transplants and for the therapeutic use of secretome. Indeed, the secretome of MSCs, which is the main mechanism of their therapeutic activity, loses its beneficial functions and acquire negative pro-inflammatory and pro-aging activities when MSCs become senescent. When MSCs or their derivatives are planned to be used for therapeutic purposes, great attention must be paid to these changes. In this review, we analyzed changes occurring in MSC secretome following the switch from healthy to senescence status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesuf Siraj
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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2
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Stem Cell Therapies in Movement Disorders: Lessons from Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020505. [PMID: 36831041 PMCID: PMC9953050 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies (SCT) to treat neurodegenerative disorders have promise but clinical trials have only recently begun, and results are not expected for several years. While most SCTs largely lead to a symptomatic therapeutic effect by replacing lost cell types, there may also be disease-modifying therapeutic effects. In fact, SCT may complement a multi-drug, subtype-specific therapeutic approach, consistent with the idea of precision medicine, which matches molecular therapies to biological subtypes of disease. In this narrative review, we examine published and ongoing trials in SCT in Parkinson's Disease, atypical parkinsonian disorders, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinocerebellar ataxia in humans. We discuss the benefits and pitfalls of using this treatment approach within the spectrum of disease-modification efforts in neurodegenerative diseases. SCT may hold greater promise in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, but much research is required to determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these complementary aims of therapeutic efforts.
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3
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Scala P, Manzo P, Lamparelli EP, Lovecchio J, Ciardulli MC, Giudice V, Selleri C, Giordano E, Rehak L, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells contribute to myogenesis in a 3D bioengineered system of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and myoblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1075715. [PMID: 36704300 PMCID: PMC9871311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1075715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a 3D environment obtained using fibrin scaffold and two cell populations, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), and primary skeletal muscle cells (SkMs), was assembled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) fraction obtained after blood filtration with HemaTrate® filter was then added to the 3D culture system to explore their influence on myogenesis. The best cell ratio into a 3D fibrin hydrogel was 1:1 (BM-MSCs plus SkMs:PBMCs) when cultured in a perfusion bioreactor; indeed, excellent viability and myogenic event induction were observed. Myogenic genes were significantly overexpressed when cultured with PBMCs, such as MyoD1 of 118-fold at day 14 and Desmin 6-fold at day 21. Desmin and Myosin Heavy Chain were also detected at protein level by immunostaining along the culture. Moreover, the presence of PBMCs in 3D culture induced a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, such as IL6. This smart biomimetic environment can be an excellent tool for investigation of cellular crosstalk and PBMC influence on myogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paola Manzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Rehak
- Athena Biomedical innovations, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, England
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy,Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy,*Correspondence: Giovanna Della Porta,
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4
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Lamparelli EP, Ciardulli MC, Giudice V, Scala P, Vitolo R, Dale TP, Selleri C, Forsyth NR, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. 3D in-vitro cultures of human bone marrow and Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells show high chondrogenic potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:986310. [PMID: 36225603 PMCID: PMC9549977 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.986310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, chondrogenic potentials of 3D high-density cultures of Bone Marrow (BM) and Wharton’s Jelly (WJ)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was investigated by chondrogenesis- and cytokine-related gene expression over a 16-day culture period supplemented with human transforming growth factor (hTGF)-β1 at 10 ng/ml. In BM-MSC 3D models, a marked upregulation of chondrogenesis-related genes, such as SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN (all p < 0.05) and formation of spherical pellets with structured type II collagen fibers were observed. Similarly, WJ-based high-density culture appeared higher in size and more regular in shape, with a significant overexpression of COL2A1 and ACAN (all p < 0.05) at day 16. Moreover, a similar upregulation trend was documented for IL-6 and IL-10 expression in both BM and WJ 3D systems. In conclusion, MSC-based high-density cultures can be considered a promising in vitro model of cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering. Moreover, our data support the use of WJ-MSCs as a valid alternative for chondrogenic commitment of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Rosa Vitolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Tina Patricia Dale
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Nicholas Robert Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, Università di Salerno, Fisciano, SA, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Della Porta,
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5
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Margiana R, Markov A, Zekiy AO, Hamza MU, Al-Dabbagh KA, Al-Zubaidi SH, Hameed NM, Ahmad I, Sivaraman R, Kzar HH, Al-Gazally ME, Mustafa YF, Siahmansouri H. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell in regenerative medicine: a narrative review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:366. [PMID: 35902958 PMCID: PMC9330677 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multipotency property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has attained worldwide consideration because of their immense potential for immunomodulation and their therapeutic function in tissue regeneration. MSCs can migrate to tissue injury areas to contribute to immune modulation, secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and hide themselves from the immune system. Certainly, various investigations have revealed anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, reconstruction, and wound healing potentials of MSCs in many in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, current progresses in the field of MSCs biology have facilitated the progress of particular guidelines and quality control approaches, which eventually lead to clinical application of MSCs. In this literature, we provided a brief overview of immunoregulatory characteristics and immunosuppressive activities of MSCs. In addition, we discussed the enhancement, utilization, and therapeutic responses of MSCs in neural, liver, kidney, bone, heart diseases, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.,Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Hamzah H Kzar
- Veterinary Medicine College, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Soares MBP, Gonçalves RGJ, Vasques JF, da Silva-Junior AJ, Gubert F, Santos GC, de Santana TA, Almeida Sampaio GL, Silva DN, Dominici M, Mendez-Otero R. Current Status of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:883378. [PMID: 35782379 PMCID: PMC9244712 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.883378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders include a wide spectrum of clinical conditions affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. For these conditions, which affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, generally limited or no treatments are available, and cell-based therapies have been intensively investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. Among the available cell types, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied but as yet no cell-based treatment exists for neurological disease. We review current knowledge of the therapeutic potential of MSC-based therapies for neurological diseases, as well as possible mechanisms of action that may be explored to hasten the development of new and effective treatments. We also discuss the challenges for culture conditions, quality control, and the development of potency tests, aiming to generate more efficient cell therapy products for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B. P. Soares
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata G. J. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana F. Vasques
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Almir J. da Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Girlaine Café Santos
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thaís Alves de Santana
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Almeida Sampaio
- Laboratório de Engenharia Tecidual e Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto SENAI de Sistemas Avançados de Saúde (CIMATEC ISI-SAS), Centro Universitário SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Saúde no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa Redes de Pesquisa em Nanotecnologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Giordano R, Canesi M, Isalberti M, Marfia G, Campanella R, Vincenti D, Cereda V, Ranghetti A, Palmisano C, Isaias IU, Benti R, Marotta G, Lazzari L, Montemurro T, Viganò M, Budelli S, Montelatici E, Lavazza C, Rivera-Ordaz A, Pezzoli G. Safety and Effectiveness of Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Take-Home Messages From a Pilot Feasibility Phase I Study of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:723227. [PMID: 34712113 PMCID: PMC8546103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.723227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with anti-inflammatory properties. Here we tested the safety of MSCs in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01824121; Eudract No. 2011-004051-39). Seven patients were treated. To improve the safety, protocol adjustments were made during the performance of the study. The objectives of our work were: (1) to assess the safety of MSCs and (2) to identify critical issues in cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Autologous MSCs from the bone marrow of PSP patients were administered through the internal carotid arteries. 1-year survival and number of severe adverse events were considered as safety endpoints. Clinical rating scales, neuropsychological assessments, gait and posture analysis, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and brain magnetic resonance (BMR) were performed at different follow-up times. Peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured before and after cell infusion. Six of the seven treated patients were living 1 year after cell infusion. Asymptomatic spotty lesions were observed at BMR after 24 h in six of the seven treated patients. The last patient in the preliminary cohort (Case 5) exhibited transiently symptomatic BMR ischemic alterations. No severe adverse events were recorded in the last two treated patients. Interleukin-8 serum concentrations decreased in three patients (Case 2, 3, and 4). An adaptive study design, appropriate and up-to-date efficacy measures, adequate sample size estimation, and, possibly, the use of a cellular and/or allogeneic cell sources may help in performing phase II trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Giordano
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Canesi
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Maurizio Isalberti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Vincenti
- Onco-Hematology Unit, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Cereda
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ranghetti
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Ugo Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Benti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montemurro
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariele Viganò
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Montelatici
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Araceli Rivera-Ordaz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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8
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Przewodowska D, Marzec W, Madetko N. Novel Therapies for Parkinsonian Syndromes-Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:720220. [PMID: 34512258 PMCID: PMC8427499 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.720220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atypical parkinsonian syndromes are rare, fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal protein accumulation in the brain. Examples of these syndromes include progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and corticobasal degeneration. A common clinical feature in parkinsonism is a limited improvement with levodopa. So far, there are no disease-modifying treatments to address these conditions, and therapy is only limited to the alleviation of symptoms. Diagnosis is devastating for patients, as prognosis is extremely poor, and the disease tends to progress rapidly. Currently, potential causes and neuropathological mechanisms involved in these diseases are being widely investigated. Objectives: The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances and gather emerging disease-modifying therapies that could slow the progression of atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched regarding novel perspectives for atypical parkinsonism treatment. The following medical subject headings were used: "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-therapy," "treatment of atypical parkinsonian syndromes," "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-clinical trial," "therapy of tauopathy," "alpha-synucleinopathy treatment," "PSP therapy/treatment," "CBD therapy/treatment," "MSA therapy/treatment," and "atypical parkinsonian syndromes-disease modifying." All search results were manually reviewed prior to inclusion in this review. Results: Neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, microglia activation, proteasomal impairment, and oxidative stress play a role in the neurodegenerative process. Ongoing studies and clinical trials target these components in order to suppress toxic protein accumulation. Various approaches such as stem cell therapy, anti-aggregation/anti-phosphorylation agent administration, or usage of active and passive immunization appear to have promising results. Conclusion: Presently, disease-modifying strategies for atypical parkinsonian syndromes are being actively explored, with encouraging preliminary results. This leads to an assumption that developing accurate, safe, and progression-halting treatment is not far off. Nevertheless, the further investigation remains necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Przewodowska
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Marzec
- Students' Scientific Association of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Madetko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Schiess M, Suescun J, Doursout MF, Adams C, Green C, Saltarrelli JG, Savitz S, Ellmore TM. Allogeneic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Safety in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1825-1834. [PMID: 33772873 PMCID: PMC8451899 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a key role in PD pathogenesis, and allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be used as an immunomodulatory therapy. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to prove the safety and tolerability of intravenous allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in PD patients. METHODS This was a 12-month single-center open-label dose-escalation phase 1 study of 20 subjects with mild/moderate PD assigned to a single intravenous infusion of 1 of 4 doses: 1, 3, 6, or 10 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg, evaluated 3, 12, 24, and 52 weeks postinfusion. Primary outcome safety measures included transfusion reaction, study-related adverse events, and immunogenic responses. Secondary outcomes included impact on peripheral markers, PD progression, and changes in brain perfusion. RESULTS There were no serious adverse reactions related to the infusion and no responses to donor-specific human leukocyte antigens. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events were dyskinesias (20%, n = 4) with 1 emergent and 3 exacerbations; and hypertension (20%, n = 4) with 3 transient episodes and 1 requiring medical intervention. One possibly related serious adverse event occurred in a patient with a 4-year history of lymphocytosis who developed asymptomatic chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Peripheral inflammation markers appear to be reduced at 52 weeks in the highest dose including, tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (P < 0.05), whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor (P < 0.05) increased. The highest dose seems to have demonstrated the most significant effect at 52 weeks, reducing the OFF state UPDRS motor, -14.4 (P < 0.01), and total, -20.8 (P < 0.05), scores. CONCLUSION A single intravenous infusion of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells at doses of 1, 3, 6, or 10 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells/kg is safe, well tolerated, and not immunogenic in mild/moderate PD patients. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mya Schiess
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessika Suescun
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Adams
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Green
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jerome G Saltarrelli
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean Savitz
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy M Ellmore
- Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, New York City, New York, USA
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10
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Lamparelli EP, Lovecchio J, Ciardulli MC, Giudice V, Dale TP, Selleri C, Forsyth N, Giordano E, Maffulli N, Della Porta G. Chondrogenic Commitment of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Perfused Collagen Hydrogel Functionalized with hTGF-β1-Releasing PLGA Microcarrier. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030399. [PMID: 33802877 PMCID: PMC8002618 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies can be relevant for cartilage repair and regeneration. A collagen matrix was functionalized with the addition of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microcarriers (PLGA-MCs) carrying a human Transforming Growth Factor β1 (hTFG-β1) payload, to provide a 3D biomimetic environment with the capacity to direct stem cell commitment towards a chondrogenic phenotype. PLGA-MCs (mean size 3 ± 0.9 μm) were prepared via supercritical emulsion extraction technology and tailored to sustain delivery of payload into the collagen hydrogel for 21 days. PLGA-MCs were coseeded with human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSCs) in the collagen matrix. Chondrogenic induction was suggested when dynamic perfusion was applied as indicated by transcriptional upregulation of COL2A1 gene (5-fold; p < 0.01) and downregulation of COL1A1 (0.07-fold; p < 0.05) and COL3A1 (0.11-fold; p < 0.05) genes, at day 16, as monitored by qRT-PCR. Histological and quantitative-immunofluorescence (qIF) analysis confirmed cell activity by remodeling the synthetic extracellular matrix when cultured in perfused conditions. Static constructs lacked evidence of chondrogenic specific gene overexpression, which was probably due to a reduced mass exchange, as determined by 3D system Finite Element Modelling (FEM) analysis. Proinflammatory (IL-6, TNF, IL-12A, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) cytokine gene expression by hBM-MSC was observed only in dynamic culture (TNF and IL-1β 10-fold, p < 0.001; TGF-β1 4-fold, p < 0.01 at Day 16) confirming the cells’ immunomodulatory activity mainly in relation to their commitment and not due to the synthetic environment. This study supports the use of 3D hydrogel scaffolds, equipped for growth factor controlled delivery, as tissue engineered models for the study of in vitro chondrogenic differentiation and opens clinical perspectives for injectable collagen-based advanced therapy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Pavel Lamparelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, FC, Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Tina P. Dale
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.F.)
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicholas Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (T.P.D.); (N.F.)
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena, FC, Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 41/E, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems (ARCES), University of Bologna, via Vincenzo Toffano 2/2, 40125 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; (E.P.L.); (M.C.C.); (V.G.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Research Centre for Biomaterials BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-089965234
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11
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Palmisano C, Todisco M, Marotta G, Volkmann J, Pacchetti C, Frigo CA, Pezzoli G, Isaias IU. Gait initiation in progressive supranuclear palsy: brain metabolic correlates. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102408. [PMID: 33353609 PMCID: PMC7689404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional gait initiation in progressive supranuclear palsy relates to poor feedforward motor control. Hypometabolism of the caudate nucleus impairs programming of anticipatory postural adjustments. Thalamic hypometabolism correlates with the center of mass kinematic resultants of anticipatory postural adjustments.
The initiation of gait is a highly challenging task for the balance control system, and can be used to investigate the neural control of upright posture maintenance during whole-body movement. Gait initiation is a centrally-mediated motion achieved in a principled, controlled manner, including predictive mechanisms (anticipatory postural adjustments, APA) that destabilize the antigravitary postural set of body segments for the execution of functionally-optimized stepping. Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by early impairment of balance and frequent falls. The neural correlates of postural imbalance and falls in PSP are largely unknown. We biomechanically assessed the APA at gait initiation (imbalance, unloading, and stepping phases) of 26 patients with PSP and 14 age-matched healthy controls. Fourteen of 26 enrolled patients were able to perform valid gait initiation trials. The influence of anthropometric and base-of-support measurements on the biomechanical outcome variables was assessed and removed. Biomechanical data were correlated with clinical findings and, in 11 patients, with brain metabolic abnormalities measured using positron emission tomography and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose. Patients with PSP showed impaired modulation of the center of pressure displacement for a proper setting of the center of mass momentum and subsequent efficient stepping. Biomechanical measurements correlated with “Limb motor” and “Gait and midline” subscores of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale. Decreased regional glucose uptake in the caudate nucleus correlated with impaired APA programming. Hypometabolism of the caudate nucleus, supplementary motor area, cingulate cortex, thalamus, and midbrain was associated with specific biomechanical resultants of APA. Our findings show that postural instability at gait initiation in patients with PSP correlates with deficient APA production, and is associated with multiple and distinctive dysfunctioning of different areas of the supraspinal locomotor network. Objective biomechanical measures can help to understand fall-related pathophysiological mechanisms and to better monitor disease progression and new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; MBMC Lab, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Todisco
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Pacchetti
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlo A Frigo
- MBMC Lab, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ioannis U Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Ciardulli MC, Marino L, Lovecchio J, Giordano E, Forsyth NR, Selleri C, Maffulli N, Porta GD. Tendon and Cytokine Marker Expression by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Hyaluronate/Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA)/Fibrin Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold. Cells 2020; 9:E1268. [PMID: 32443833 PMCID: PMC7291129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a (three-dimensional) 3D scaffold, we named HY-FIB, incorporating a force-transmission band of braided hyaluronate embedded in a cell localizing fibrin hydrogel and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocarriers as transient components for growth factor controlled delivery. The tenogenic supporting capacity of HY-FIB on human-Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSCs) was explored under static conditions and under bioreactor-induced cyclic strain conditions. HY-FIB elasticity enabled to deliver a mean shear stress of 0.09 Pa for 4 h/day. Tendon and cytokine marker expression by hBM-MSCs were studied. Results: hBM-MSCs embedded in HY-FIB and subjected to mechanical stimulation, resulted in a typical tenogenic phenotype, as indicated by type 1 Collagen fiber immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR showed an increase of type 1 Collagen, scleraxis, and decorin gene expression (3-fold, 1600-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, at day 11) in dynamic conditions. Cells also showed pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF, IL-12A, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) cytokine gene expressions, with a significant increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in dynamic conditions (IL-10 and TGF-β1 300-fold and 4-fold, respectively, at day 11). Mechanical signaling, conveyed by HY-FIB to hBM-MSCs, promoted tenogenic gene markers expression and a pro-repair cytokine balance. The results provide strong evidence in support of the HY-FIB system and its interaction with cells and its potential for use as a predictive in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena (FC), Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena (FC), Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK;
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine, London E1 4NL, UK
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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13
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Madanagopal TT, Franco-Obregón A, Rosa V. Comparative study of xeno-free induction protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104572. [PMID: 31600663 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare three different xeno-free protocols for neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). METHODS DPSC were treated with three different media to induce neural differentiation namely N1 (DMEM for 5 days), N2 (PSC neural induction media for 7 days) and N3 (neural media with B27 supplement, 40 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml EGF for 21 days). Cell proliferation (MTS assay), morphology, gene (qPCR for NESTIN, VIMENTIN, TUB-3, ENO2, NF-M and NF-H) and protein expression (flow cytometry) of neurogenic markers were assessed at different time points and compared to untreated cells (DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS). Statistical analysis was performed with global significance level of 5%. RESULTS N1 and N2 formulations increased the genetic expression of two out of six genes TUB-3, NF-M and TUB-3, NF-H, respectively, whereas N3 elevated the expression of all genes by the late stage. N3 also stimulated protein expression for NESTIN, TUB-3 and NF-H. Cells treated with both N2 and N3 presented neuron-like morphology, decreased proliferation and expression of stemness genes at protocol end point. CONCLUSION N3 was the most effective formulation in promoting a neurogenic shift in gene and protein expression. Cells provided with the N3 formulation exhibited neuron-like morphology, elaborating axonal-like projections concomitant with cell cycle withdrawal and reduced expression of stemness genes indicating greater commitment to a neurogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi Thiruvallur Madanagopal
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Centre For Oral Health Singapore, National University Hospital System, Singapore.
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14
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de Natale ER, Wilson H, Pagano G, Politis M. Imaging Transplantation in Movement Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 143:213-263. [PMID: 30473196 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy with graft transplantation has been tested as a disease-modifying treatment in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the damage of a predominant cell type, such as substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) or striatal medium spiny projection neurons in Huntington's disease (HD). The results of these trials are mixed with success in preclinical and pilot open-label trials, which were not consistently reproduced in randomized controlled trials. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) molecular imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging allow the graft survival, and its relationship with the host tissues to be studied in vivo. In PD, PET with [18F]DOPA showed that graft survival does not necessarily correlate with the clinical improvement and PD patients with worse outcome had lower binding in the ventral striatum and a high serotonin ([11C]DASB PET) to dopamine ([18F]DOPA PET) ratio in the grafted neurons. In HD, PET with [11C]PK11195 showed the graft survival and the clinical responses may be related to the reactive activation of the host inflammatory/immune system. Findings from these studies have been used to refine study protocols and patient selection in current clinical trials, which includes identifying suitable candidates for transplantation using imaging markers and employing multiple and/or novel PET tracers to better assess graft functions and inflammatory responses to grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Rosario de Natale
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Calogero AM, Viganò M, Budelli S, Galimberti D, Fenoglio C, Cartelli D, Lazzari L, Lehenkari P, Canesi M, Giordano R, Cappelletti G, Pezzoli G. Microtubule defects in mesenchymal stromal cells distinguish patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2670-2679. [PMID: 29502334 PMCID: PMC5908108 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease whose etiopathogenesis remains elusive. The intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau, a pivotal protein in regulating microtubules (MT), leads to include PSP into tauopathies. Pathological hallmarks are well known in neural cells but no word yet if PSP‐linked dysfunctions occur also in other cell types. We focused on bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have recently gained attention for therapeutic interventions due to their anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptotic and trophic properties. Here, we aimed to investigate MSCs biology and to disclose if any disease‐linked defect occurs in this non‐neuronal compartment. First, we found that cells obtained from patients showed altered morphology and growth. Next, Western blotting analysis unravelled the imbalance in α‐tubulin post‐translational modifications and in MT stability. Interestingly, MT mass is significantly decreased in patient cells at baseline and differently changes overtime compared to controls, suggesting their inability to efficiently remodel MT cytoskeleton during ageing in culture. Thus, our results provide the first evidence that defects in MT regulation and stability occur and are detectable in a non‐neuronal compartment in patients with PSP. We suggest that MSCs could be a novel model system for unravelling cellular processes implicated in this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariele Viganò
- Department of Services and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Department of Services and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cartelli
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Department of Services and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and University of Oulu Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Rosaria Giordano
- Department of Services and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G.Pini-CTO, ex ICP, Milan, Italy
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16
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinsonian mesenchymal stem cells impairs differentiation. Redox Biol 2017; 14:474-484. [PMID: 29096320 PMCID: PMC5680522 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic cases account for 90–95% of all patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Atypical Parkinsonism comprises approximately 20% of all patients with parkinsonism. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) belongs to the atypical parkinsonian diseases and is histopathologically classified as a tauopathy. Here, we report that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow of patients with PSP exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of decreased membrane potential and inhibited NADH-dependent respiration. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction in PSP-MSCs led to a significant increase in mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative stress, which resulted in decrease of major cellular antioxidant GSH. Additionally, higher basal rate of mitochondrial degradation and lower levels of biogenesis were found in PSP-MSCs, together leading to a reduction in mitochondrial mass. This phenotype was biologically relevant to MSC stemness properties, as it heavily impaired their differentiation into adipocytes, which mostly rely on mitochondrial metabolism for their bioenergetic demand. The defect in adipogenic differentiation was detected as a significant impairment of intracellular lipid droplet formation in PSP-MSCs. This result was corroborated at the transcriptional level by a significant reduction of PPARγ and FABP4 expression, two key genes involved in the adipogenic molecular network. Our findings in PSP-MSCs provide new insights into the etiology of ‘idiopathic’ parkinsonism, and confirm that mitochondrial dysfunction is important to the development of parkinsonism, independent of the type of the cell. PSP pathology leads to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial dysfunction in PSP-MSCs induces ROS generation and oxidative stress. Higher rate of mitophagy reduces mitochondrial mass in PSP-MSCs. PSP impairs differentiation properties in MSCs.
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17
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Viganò M, Giordano R, Lazzari L. Challenges of running a GMP facility for regenerative medicine in a public hospital. Regen Med 2017; 12:803-813. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products represent a new generation of medicinal products for regenerative medicine. Since the implementation of the EU regulation for this innovative class of drugs, the academic and hospital institutions have played a central role in their development and manufacture. For these institutions that are not familiar with the industrial context, being in compliance with the pharmaceutical standards is extremely challenging. This report describes how we dealt with some specific issues during our hospital-based GMP experience. Furthermore, we identify as a future perspective the consistent stimulating contribution that a public entity can ensure for advanced therapy medicinal product development and licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Viganò
- Cell Factory, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Services & Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Cell Factory, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Services & Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Services & Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
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18
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Lindsay SL, Barnett SC. Are nestin-positive mesenchymal stromal cells a better source of cells for CNS repair? Neurochem Int 2016; 106:101-107. [PMID: 27498150 PMCID: PMC5455984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a great deal of research within the stem cell field which has led to the definition and classification of a range of stem cells from a plethora of tissues and organs. Stem cells, by classification, are considered to be pluri- or multipotent and have both self-renewal and multi-differentiation capabilities. Presently there is a great deal of interest in stem cells isolated from both embryonic and adult tissues in the hope they hold the therapeutic key to restoring or treating damaged cells in a number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In this review we will discuss the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from human olfactory mucosa, with particular emphasis on their potential role as a candidate for transplant mediated repair in the CNS. Since nestin expression defines the entire population of olfactory mucosal derived MSCs, we will compare these cells to a population of neural crest derived nestin positive population of bone marrow-MSCs. Human olfactory mucosa is a new source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Some bone marrow MSCs are nestin-positive, neural crest derived and regulate hematopoietic stem cell activation. Human olfactory mucosa contains a population of nestin-positive MSCs that secrete CXCL12 and may have promote CNS repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Lindsay
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Glial Cell Biology Group, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Room B329, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Susan C Barnett
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Glial Cell Biology Group, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Room B329, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
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Finding a new therapeutic approach for no-option Parkinsonisms: mesenchymal stromal cells for progressive supranuclear palsy. J Transl Med 2016; 14:127. [PMID: 27160012 PMCID: PMC4862050 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The trophic, anti-apoptotic and regenerative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may reduce neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. Methods We used MSC as a novel candidate therapeutic tool in a pilot phase-I study for patients affected by progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a rare, severe and no-option form of Parkinsonism. Five patients received the cells by infusion into the cerebral arteries. Effects were assessed using the best available motor function rating scales (UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr, PSP rating scale), as well as neuropsychological assessments, gait analysis and brain imaging before and after cell administration. Results One year after cell infusion, all treated patients were alive, except one, who died 9 months after the infusion for reasons not related to cell administration or to disease progression (accidental fall). In all treated patients motor function rating scales remained stable for at least six-months during the one-year follow-up. Conclusions We have demonstrated for the first time that MSC administration is feasible in subjects with PSP. In these patients, in whom deterioration of motor function is invariably rapid, we recorded clinical stabilization for at least 6 months. These encouraging results pave the way to the next randomized, placebo-controlled phase-II study that will definitively provide information on the efficacy of this innovative approach. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01824121
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Development of advanced therapies in Italy: Management models and sustainability in six Italian cell factories. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:481-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Interventional trials in atypical parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 22 Suppl 1:S82-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine using patient's own stem cells (SCs) to repair dysfunctional tissues is an attractive approach to complement surgical and pharmacological treatments for aging and degenerative disorders. Recently, dental SCs have drawn much attention owing to their accessibility, plasticity and applicability for regenerative use not only for dental, but also other body tissues. In ophthalmology, there has been increasing interest to differentiate dental pulp SC and periodontal ligament SC (PDLSC) towards ocular lineage. Both can commit to retinal fate expressing eye field transcription factors and generate rhodopsin-positive photoreceptor-like cells. This proposes a novel therapeutic alternative for retinal degeneration diseases. Moreover, as PDLSC shares similar cranial neural crest origin and proteoglycan secretion with corneal stromal keratoctyes and corneal endothelial cells, this offers the possibility of differentiating PDLSC to these corneal cell types. The advance could lead to a shift in the medical management of corneal opacities and endothelial disorders from highly invasive corneal transplantation using limited donor tissue to cell therapy utilizing autologous cells. This article provides an overview of dental SC research and the perspective of utilizing dental SCs for ocular regenerative medicine.
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Montemurro T, Viganò M, Budelli S, Montelatici E, Lavazza C, Marino L, Parazzi V, Lazzari L, Giordano R. How we make cell therapy in Italy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4825-34. [PMID: 26316716 PMCID: PMC4548721 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s80403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the 21st century scenario, new therapeutic tools are needed to take up the social and medical challenge posed by the more and more frequent degenerative disorders and by the aging of population. The recent category of advanced therapy medicinal products has been created to comprise cellular, gene therapy, and tissue engineered products, as a new class of drugs. Their manufacture requires the same pharmaceutical framework as for conventional drugs and this means that industrial, large-scale manufacturing process has to be adapted to the peculiar characteristics of cell-containing products. Our hospital took up the challenge of this new path in the early 2000s; and herein we describe the approach we followed to set up a pharmaceutical-grade facility in a public hospital context, with the aim to share the solutions we found to make cell therapy compliant with the requirements for the production and the quality control of a high-standard medicinal product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Montemurro
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariele Viganò
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Montelatici
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Marino
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Parazzi
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Díaz D, Muñoz-Castañeda R, Alonso JR, Weruaga E. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells and Strategies for Treatment of Nervous System Disorders: Many Protocols, and Many Results. Neuroscientist 2014; 21:637-52. [PMID: 25171812 DOI: 10.1177/1073858414547538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells are the best known stem cell type and have been employed for more than 50 years, especially in pathologies of the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, their therapeutic potential is much broader, and they can also be employed to palliate neural diseases. Apart from their plastic properties, these cells lack the legal or ethical constraints of other stem cell populations, that is, embryonic stem cells. Current research addressing the integration of bone marrow-derived cells into the neural circuits of the central nervous system, their features, and applications is a hotspot in neurobiology. Nevertheless, as in other leading research lines the efficacy and possibilities of their application depend on technical procedures, which are still far from being standardized. Accordingly, for efficient research this large range of variants should be taken into account as they could lead to unexpected results. Rather than focusing on clinical aspects, this review offers a compendium of the methodologies aimed at providing a guide for researchers who are working in the field of bone marrow transplantation in the central nervous system. It seeks to be useful for both introductory and trouble-shooting purposes, and in particular for dealing with the large array of bone marrow transplantation protocols available.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Díaz
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz-Castañeda
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
| | - José Ramón Alonso
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Eduardo Weruaga
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity and Neurorepair, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y León (INCyL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, IBSAL, Spain
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