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Reply to the letter. Surg Today 2020; 50:1320-1321. [PMID: 32346762 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01999-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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PD-L1, fibrosis, and immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: the importance of a scientific method to explore observations and answer questions. Surg Today 2020; 50:1318-1319. [PMID: 32002663 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Grizzi F, Borroni EM, Qehajaj D, Stifter S, Chiriva-Internati M, Cananzi FCM. The Complex Nature of Soft Tissue Sarcomas, Including Retroperitoneal Sarcomas. CURRENT TREATMENT OF RETROPERITONEAL SARCOMAS 2019:21-32. [DOI: 10.1007/978-88-470-3980-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Comment on 'Tumour antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma in a low-endemic western area'. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:e1. [PMID: 27077695 PMCID: PMC4865960 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Grizzi F, Mirandola L, Qehajaj D, Cobos E, Figueroa JA, Chiriva-Internati M. Cancer-Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy in the Light of Cancer Complexity. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:143-53. [PMID: 25901859 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1018418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Westdorp H, Sköld AE, Snijer BA, Franik S, Mulder SF, Major PP, Foley R, Gerritsen WR, de Vries IJM. Immunotherapy for prostate cancer: lessons from responses to tumor-associated antigens. Front Immunol 2014; 5:191. [PMID: 24834066 PMCID: PMC4018526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in men. In recent years, novel therapeutic options for PCa have been developed and studied extensively in clinical trials. Sipuleucel-T is the first cell-based immunotherapeutic vaccine for treatment of cancer. This vaccine consists of autologous mononuclear cells stimulated and loaded with an immunostimulatory fusion protein containing the prostate tumor antigen prostate acid posphatase. The choice of antigen might be key for the efficiency of cell-based immunotherapy. Depending on the treatment strategy, target antigens should be immunogenic, abundantly expressed by tumor cells, and preferably functionally important for the tumor to prevent loss of antigen expression. Autoimmune responses have been reported against several antigens expressed in the prostate, indicating that PCa is a suitable target for immunotherapy. In this review, we will discuss PCa antigens that exhibit immunogenic features and/or have been targeted in immunotherapeutic settings with promising results, and we highlight the hurdles and opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Annette E Sköld
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Berit A Snijer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Franik
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Sasja F Mulder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - Pierre P Major
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre , Hamilton, ON , Canada
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands ; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , Netherlands
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Rethinking immunotherapy for brain cancers in the light of cancer complexity. Indian J Med Res 2013; 137:871-3. [PMID: 23760369 PMCID: PMC3734675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Grizzi F, Di Ieva A, Di Biccari S, Ceva-Grimaldi G, Colombo P, Tschabitscher M. Sperm Protein 17: Is It a Useful Target Antigen in Human Pituitary Adenomas? PROCEDIA IN VACCINOLOGY 2012; 6:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
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Chiriva-Internati M. Sperm Protein 17: Clinical Relevance of a Cancer/Testis Antigen, from Contraception to Cancer Immunotherapy, and Beyond. Int Rev Immunol 2011; 30:138-49. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2011.569903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sinnathamby G, Zerfass J, Hafner J, Block P, Nickens Z, Hobeika A, Secord AA, Lyerly HK, Morse MA, Philip R. ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) is naturally processed through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and is a potential immunotherapeutic target in breast, ovarian and prostate cancers. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:324-32. [PMID: 21175594 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection of suitable antigens is critical for the development of cancer vaccines. Most desirable are over-expressed cell surface proteins that may serve as targets for both antibodies and T cells, thus maximizing a concerted immune response. Towards this goal, we characterized the relevance of tumour necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (ADAM17) for such targeted therapeutics. ADAM17 is one of the several metalloproteinases that play a key role in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling and has recently emerged as a new therapeutic target in several tumour types. In the present study, we analysed the expression profile of ADAM17 in a variety of normal and cancer cells of human origin and found that this protein is over-expressed on the surface of several types of cancer cells compared to the normal counterparts. Furthermore, we analysed the presentation of a human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2-restricted epitope from ADAM17 protein to specific T cells established from normal donors as well as ovarian cancer patients. Our analysis revealed that the HLA-A2-restricted epitope is processed efficiently and presented by various cancer cells and not by normal cells. Tumour-specific T cell activation results in the secretion of both interferon-γ and granzyme B that can be blocked by HLA-A2 specific antibodies. Collectively, our data present evidence that ADAM17 can be a potential target antigen to devise novel immunotherapeutic strategies against ovarian, breast and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sinnathamby
- Immunotope, Inc., The Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
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Mishra S, Sinha S. Immunoinformatics and modeling perspective of T cell epitope-based cancer immunotherapy: a holistic picture. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2010; 27:293-306. [PMID: 19795913 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2009.10507317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is fast gaining global attention with its unique position as a potential therapy showing promise in cancer prevention and cure. It utilizes the natural system of immunity as opposed to chemotherapy and radiotherapy that utilize chemical drugs and radiation, respectively. Cancer immunotherapy essentially involves treatment and/or prevention with vaccines in the form of peptide vaccines (T and B cell epitopes), DNA vaccines and vaccination using whole tumor cells, dendritic cells, viral vectors, antibodies and adoptive transfer of T cells to harness the body's own immune system towards the targeting of cancer cells for destruction. Given the time, cost and labor involved in the vaccine discovery and development, researchers have evinced interest in the novel field of immunoinformatics to cut down the escalation of these critical resources. Immunoinformatics is a relatively new buzzword in the scientific circuit that is showing its potential and delivering on its promise in expediting the development of effective cancer immunotherapeutic agents. This review attempts to present a holistic picture of our race against cancer and time using the science and technology of immunoinformatics and molecular modeling in T cell epitope-based cancer immunotherapy. It also attempts to showcase some problem areas as well as novel ones waiting to be explored where development of novel immunoinformatics tools and simulations in the context of cancer immunotherapy would be highly welcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Mishra
- National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, A-32 Sector 62, Noida, U. P., India.
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Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E, Kast WM. Advances in Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma: From the Discovery of Tumor-Associated Antigens to Clinical Trials. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 26:197-222. [PMID: 17558744 DOI: 10.1080/08830180701365966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumors aberrantly express tumor-associated antigens that can be specifically recognized by T-cells, thereby providing a scientific rationale for the design and clinical testing of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these antigens. Multiple myeloma is a fatal hematologic malignancy. Here, we review techniques to discover new tumor-associated antigens in multiple myeloma and the latest immunotherapeutic strategies employed in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.
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Chiriva-Internati M, Cobos E, Da Silva DM, Kast WM. Sperm fibrous sheath proteins: a potential new class of target antigens for use in human therapeutic cancer vaccines. CANCER IMMUNITY 2008; 8:8. [PMID: 18433090 PMCID: PMC2935778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for treating human neoplastic disease, but one of the limitations of these vaccines remains the paucity of target antigens to which to direct an effective immune response. We hypothesize that sperm fibrous sheath proteins may be a new class of useful antigens for developing successful cancer vaccines. This hypothesis is supported by the expression of two sperm fibrous sheath proteins, called sperm protein 17 and calcium-binding tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated protein, in tumors of unrelated histological origin and their capability to induce T cell-based immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer
Treatment and Research CenterLubbock, TXUSA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer
Treatment and Research CenterLubbock, TXUSA
- Kiromic Inc.Lubbock,
TXUSA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer
Treatment and Research CenterLubbock, TXUSA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology,
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer
Treatment and Research CenterLubbock, TXUSA
| | - Diane M. Da Silva
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and
Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Obstetrics
& Gynecology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos
Angeles, CAUSA
| | - W. Martin Kast
- Kiromic Inc.Lubbock,
TXUSA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and
Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology and Obstetrics
& Gynecology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos
Angeles, CAUSA
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Chiriva-Internati M, Ferrari R, Prabhakar M, Yu Y, Baggoni L, Moreno J, Gagliano N, Portinaro N, Jenkins MR, Frezza EE, Hardwicke F, D'Cunha N, Kast W, Cobos E. The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG-1): an immunological target for multiple myeloma. J Transl Med 2008; 6:15. [PMID: 18384692 PMCID: PMC2323366 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-6-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple Myeloma is a cancer of B plasma cells, which produce non-specific antibodies and proliferate uncontrolled. Due to the potential relapse and non-specificity of current treatments, immunotherapy promises to be more specific and may induce long-term immunity in patients. The pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG-1) has been shown to be a novel oncogene, expressed in the testis, thymus, colon, lung and placenta (undetectable in most other tissues). Furthermore, it is over expressed in many tumors such as the pituitary adenoma, breast, gastrointestinal cancers, leukemia, lymphoma, and lung cancer and it seems to be associated with tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and cancer progression. The purpose was to investigate the presence/rate of expression of PTTG-1 in multiple myeloma patients. Methods We analyzed the PTTG-1 expression at the transcriptional and the protein level, by PCR, immunocytochemical methods, Dot-blot and ELISA performed on patient's sera in 19 multiple myeloma patients, 6 different multiple myeloma cell lines and in normal human tissue. Results We did not find PTTG-1 presence in the normal human tissue panel, but PTTG-1 mRNA was detectable in 12 of the 19 patients, giving evidence of a 63% rate of expression (data confirmed by ELISA). Four of the 6 investigated cell lines (66.6%) were positive for PTTG-1. Investigations of protein expression gave evidence of 26.3% cytoplasmic expression and 16% surface expression in the plasma cells of multiple myeloma patients. Protein presence was also confirmed by Dot-blot in both cell lines and patients. Conclusion We established PTTG-1's presence at both the transcriptional and protein levels. These data suggest that PTTG-1 is aberrantly expressed in multiple myeloma plasma cells, is highly immunogenic and is a suitable target for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Chiriva-Internati M, Grizzi F, Wachtel MS, Jenkins M, Ferrari R, Cobos E, Frezza EE. Biological treatment for liver tumor and new potential biomarkers. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53:836-43. [PMID: 17712633 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-007-9909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The search for effective and efficacious therapy for liver tumor was started many years ago and is still ongoing. Despite all of the surgical advances, much work needs to be done to improve understanding of the biology of the tumor and its treatment. The rules of hepatic surgery are changing because of two recent major trends: (1) technical simplification, and (2) the endeavor to treat an increasing number of patients. T lymphocytes are potent cellular effectors of the immune system and possess a memory that responds to rechallenge by the same antigen. Being more specific and less toxic than chemotherapy, tumor infusion could be an ideal adjuvant therapy for patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies. Moreover, tumor cell vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in terms of minimal residual disease and are being investigated, but the requirement for an adequate supple of autologos tumor may limit the general applicability of these approaches. Various studies have demonstrated the aberrant expression of germ-cell proteins called cancer-testis (CT) antigens in liver neoplastic cells. Their selective normal-tissue expression makes them ideal antigens for immune targeting of malignant disease. Specific expression of CT antigens also suggests their application as tumor markers to detect circulating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, as an adjuvant diagnostic tool, and as indicators for recurrence and prognosis. Biological therapy is now generating more clinical trials. More studies need to be performed and further experiments need to be done, although currently this seems a valid pathway for the treatment of liver cancer. Cytoreduction treatment of liver tumor and the vaccine might be the future of the treatment of primary and secondary liver tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
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Grizzi F, Franceschini B, Hamrick C, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Usefulness of cancer-testis antigens as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2007; 5:3. [PMID: 17244360 PMCID: PMC1797003 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our cellular and molecular knowledge, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world. It is now known to be highly heterogeneous: it encompasses various pathological entities and a wide range of clinical behaviors, and is underpinned by a complex array of gene alterations that affect supra-molecular processes. Four families of HCC tumour markers have been recently proposed: a) onco-fetal and glycoprotein antigens; b) enzymes and iso-enzymes; c) cytokines and d) genes. A category of tumour-associated antigens called cancer-testis (CT) antigens has been identified and their encoding genes have been extensively investigated. CT antigens are expressed in a limited number of normal tissues as well as in malignant tumors of unrelated histological origin, including the liver. Given that cancers are being recognized as increasingly complex, we here review the role of CT antigens as liver tumour biomarkers and their validation process, and discuss why they may improve the effectiveness of screening HCC patients and help in determining the risk of developing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Franceschini
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cody Hamrick
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Eldo E Frezza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Grizzi F, Franceschini B, Musardo S, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 in the liver. Hepatology 2006; 44:1701-2. [PMID: 17133495 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Grizzi F, Di Ieva A, Russo C, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Muzzio PC, Chiriva-Internati M. Cancer initiation and progression: an unsimplifiable complexity. Theor Biol Med Model 2006; 3:37. [PMID: 17044918 PMCID: PMC1621057 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-3-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer remains one of the most complex diseases affecting humans and, despite the impressive advances that have been made in molecular and cell biology, how cancer cells progress through carcinogenesis and acquire their metastatic ability is still widely debated. CONCLUSION There is no doubt that human carcinogenesis is a dynamic process that depends on a large number of variables and is regulated at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Viewing cancer as a system that is dynamically complex in time and space will, however, probably reveal more about its underlying behavioural characteristics. It is encouraging that mathematicians, biologists and clinicians continue to contribute together towards a common quantitative understanding of cancer complexity. This way of thinking may further help to clarify concepts, interpret new and old experimental data, indicate alternative experiments and categorize the acquired knowledge on the basis of the similarities and/or shared behaviours of very different tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Russo
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eldo E Frezza
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Pier Carlo Muzzio
- Department of Medical-Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Ospedale Busonera – Via Gattamelata 64, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Grizzi F, Gaetani P, Franceschini B, Di Ieva A, Colombo P, Ceva-Grimaldi G, Bollati A, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Baena RRY, Dioguardi N, Chiriva-Internati M. Sperm protein 17 is expressed in human nervous system tumours. BMC Cancer 2006; 6:23. [PMID: 16438728 PMCID: PMC1386689 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a highly conserved protein that was originally isolated from a rabbit epididymal sperm membrane and testis membrane pellet. It has recently been included in the cancer/testis (CT) antigen family, and shown to be expressed in multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. We investigated its immunolocalisation in specimens of nervous system (NS) malignancies, in order to establish its usefulness as a target for tumour-vaccine strategies. Methods The expression of Sp17 was assessed by means of a standardised immunohistochemical procedure [(mAb/antigen) MF1/Sp17] in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded surgical specimens of NS malignancies, including 28 neuroectodermal primary tumours (6 astrocytomas, 16 glioblastoma multiforme, 5 oligodendrogliomas, and 1 ependymoma), 25 meningeal tumours, and five peripheral nerve sheath tumours (4 schwannomas, and 1 neurofibroma),. Results A number of neuroectodermal (21%) and meningeal tumours (4%) were found heterogeneously immunopositive for Sp17. None of the peripheral nerve sheath tumours was immunopositive for Sp17. The expression pattern was heterogeneous in all of the positive samples, and did not correlate with the degree of malignancy. Conclusion The frequency of expression and non-uniform cell distribution of Sp17 suggest that it cannot be used as a unique immunotherapeutic target in NS cancer. However, our results do show the immunolocalisation of Sp17 in a proportion of NS tumour cells, but not in their non-pathological counterparts. The emerging complex function of Sp17 makes further studies necessary to clarify the link between it and immunopositive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- "Michele Rodriguez" Foundation. Scientific Institute for Quantitative Measures in Medicine, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaetani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Franceschini
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- "Michele Rodriguez" Foundation. Scientific Institute for Quantitative Measures in Medicine, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ceva-Grimaldi
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- "Michele Rodriguez" Foundation. Scientific Institute for Quantitative Measures in Medicine, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Bollati
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili, Italy
| | - Eldo E Frezza
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - E Cobos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Nicola Dioguardi
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- "Michele Rodriguez" Foundation. Scientific Institute for Quantitative Measures in Medicine, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Chiriva-Internati M, Grizzi F, Jumper CA, Cobos E, Hermonat PL, Frezza EE. Immunological treatment of liver tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:6571-6. [PMID: 16425346 PMCID: PMC4355746 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i42.6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple options for the treatment of liver tumors have often been described in the past, including liver resection, radiofrequency ablation with or without hepatic pump insertion, laparoscopic liver resection and the use of chemotherapy, the potential of immunotherapy and gene manipulation is still largely unexplored. Immunological therapy by gene manipulation is based on the interaction between virus-based gene delivery systems and dendritic cells. Using viruses as vectors, it is possible to transduce dendritic cells with genes encoding tumor-associated antigens, thus inducing strong humoral and cellular immunity against the antigens themselves. Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy have the disadvantage of destroying healthy cells, thus causing severe side-effects. We need more precisely targeted therapies capable of killing cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Our goal is to establish a new treatment for solid liver tumors based on the concept of cytoreduction, and propose an innovative algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6591, USA.
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