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Liu J, Ding C, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang L, Fang Q, Shuai C, Gao Y, Wu J. Advances in Mechanism of HIV-1 Immune Reconstitution Failure: Understanding Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Interventions for Immunological Nonresponders. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1609-1620. [PMID: 38768409 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In individuals diagnosed with AIDS, the primary method of sustained suppression of HIV-1 replication is antiretroviral therapy, which systematically increases CD4+ T cell levels and restores immune function. However, there is still a subset of 10-40% of people living with HIV who not only fail to reach normal CD4+ T cell counts but also experience severe immune dysfunction. These individuals are referred to as immunological nonresponders (INRs). INRs have a higher susceptibility to opportunistic infections and non-AIDS-related illnesses, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, it is crucial to gain new insights into the primary mechanisms of immune reconstitution failure to enable early and effective treatment for individuals at risk. This review provides an overview of the dynamics of key lymphocyte subpopulations, the main molecular mechanisms of INRs, clinical diagnosis, and intervention strategies during immune reconstitution failure, primarily from a multiomics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengchao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lina Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Chenxi Shuai
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
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Qian F, Hu S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Qiao J, Shu X, Gao Y, Sun B, Zhu C. CD56dim NK Cell is an Important Factor in T Cell Depletion of cART-Treated AIDS Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:4575-4583. [PMID: 35535146 PMCID: PMC9078362 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s356771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate factors involved in T-cell depletion in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)-positive patients. Patients and Methods 29 HIV-1-positive patients were enrolled. The CD4+, CD8+ T cell subsets and CD56dim NK cells were detected by flow cytometry. The concentrations of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Extraction, amplification, and viral load quantification of specimens were performed using the Roche Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test. Results Compared with IR group, the total number of red blood cells (RBCs) and lymphocytes (LCs) in INR group was significantly reduced, and there was a significant positive correlation between the number of RBCs and that of LCs. The overall production rates of T cells-related cytokines were lower in INR group. However, the cell-surface expression of programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were markedly elevated in INR group. Moreover, it was found that the proportion and the killing ability of CD56dim NK cells significantly increased in INR patients, and significantly correlated with apoptosis of T lymphocytes. Conclusion A poor immune reconstitution in HIV-positive patients might result from multiple factors, including bone marrow suppression, high PD-1 expression on the surface of CD4+ T cells, and over-activation of T and NK cells. Besides, the activity of NK cells and RBCs count might be important auxiliary indicators for immune reconstitution and provided a reliable guidance for developing strategies to improve immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Hu
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueping Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinling Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Qiao
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiji Shu
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215131, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Chuanwu Zhu; Binlian Sun, Tel/Fax +86 512 87806206; +86 27 84225149, Email ;
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