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Grant AR, Johnson KP, Stanley EL, Baldwin-Brown J, Kolenčík S, Allen JM. Rapid Targeted Assembly of the Proteome Reveals Evolutionary Variation of GC Content in Avian Lice. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322241257991. [PMID: 38860163 PMCID: PMC11163934 DOI: 10.1177/11779322241257991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide base composition plays an influential role in the molecular mechanisms involved in gene function, phenotype, and amino acid composition. GC content (proportion of guanine and cytosine in DNA sequences) shows a high level of variation within and among species. Many studies measure GC content in a small number of genes, which may not be representative of genome-wide GC variation. One challenge when assembling extensive genomic data sets for these studies is the significant amount of resources (monetary and computational) associated with data processing, and many bioinformatic tools have not been optimized for resource efficiency. Using a high-performance computing (HPC) cluster, we manipulated resources provided to the targeted gene assembly program, automated target restricted assembly method (aTRAM), to determine an optimum way to run the program to maximize resource use. Using our optimum assembly approach, we assembled and measured GC content of all of the protein-coding genes of a diverse group of parasitic feather lice. Of the 499 426 genes assembled across 57 species, feather lice were GC-poor (mean GC = 42.96%) with a significant amount of variation within and between species (GC range = 19.57%-73.33%). We found a significant correlation between GC content and standard deviation per taxon for overall GC and GC3, which could indicate selection for G and C nucleotides in some species. Phylogenetic signal of GC content was detected in both GC and GC3. This research provides a large-scale investigation of GC content in parasitic lice laying the foundation for understanding the basis of variation in base composition across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery R Grant
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Edward L Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Stanislav Kolenčík
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Julie M Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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2
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Sychra O, Rózsa L, Podani J, Sychra V, Literák I, Capek M. Multivariate study of lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) assemblages hosted by hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). Parasitology 2024; 151:191-199. [PMID: 38116659 PMCID: PMC10941040 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Lice were collected from 579 hummingbirds, representing 49 species, in 19 locations in Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Paraguay and Peru, at elevations 0–3000 m above sea level. The following variables were included in an ecological analysis (1) host species' mean body mass, sexual size dimorphism, sexual dichromatism, migratory behaviour and dominance behaviour; (2) mean elevation, mean and predictability of temperature, mean and predictability of precipitation of the host species' geographic area; (3) prevalence and mean abundance of species of lice as measures of infestation. Ordination methods were applied to evaluate data structure. Since the traits are expressed at different scales (nominal, interval and ratio), a principal component analysis based on d-correlations for the traits and a principal coordinates analysis based on the Gower index for species were applied. Lice or louse eggs were found on 80 (13.8%) birds of 22 species. A total of 267 lice of 4 genera, Trochiloecetes, Trochiliphagus, Myrsidea and Leremenopon, were collected, with a total mean intensity of 4.6. There were positive interactions between migration behaviour and infestation indices, with elevational migrants having a higher prevalence and abundance of lice than resident birds. Further, we found weak negative correlations between host body mass and infestation indices and positive correlations between mean elevation and prevalence and abundance of Trochiliphagus. Thus, formerly unknown differences in the ecological characteristics and infestation measures of Trochiliphagus and Trochiloecetes lice were revealed, which allows a better understanding of these associations and their potential impacts on hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldřich Sychra
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lajos Rózsa
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Eco-Epidemiology, National Laboratory for Health Security, Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - János Podani
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vojtěch Sychra
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ivan Literák
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Capek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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3
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Brewer PJ, Sweet AD. Prevalence and diversity of parasitic bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea) in northeast Arkansas. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:205-215. [PMID: 37941681 PMCID: PMC10628595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Many groups of parasites lack basic information on biodiversity and host associations, which poses challenges for conservation and understanding the ecological relationships between hosts and their parasites. This gap in knowledge is particularly relevant for parasitic species with obscure lifestyles. Ectoparasitc bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) are a group of parasites that has received a relatively substantial research focus, yet patterns of bird-louse relationships and louse diversity remain understudied in many geographic regions, including in parts of the southeastern United States. In this study, we assessed the diversity, prevalence, abundance, and intensity of lice from live and salvaged birds in northeastern Arkansas. We also focused on the frequency of co-occurrence of lice and symbiotic feather mites. Finally, we used nuclear and mitochondrial genes to assess the phylogenic relationships among the most common genera of lice in our sample. We found a total louse prevalence of 10.57% with the highest prevalence on the Passeriformes families Turdidae, Passerellidae, and Parulidae. We also found the louse genera Myrsidea and Brueelia to be the most prevalent and abundant in our sample. Additionally, we reported several novel associations among well-studied bird species. We also found that louse phylogenic patterns tend to reflect host taxonomy and/or ecology. Overall, our results provide important insight into the biodiversity, community structure, and host interactions of parasitic lice from North American birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige J. Brewer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Andrew D. Sweet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
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Meghana R, Anand PP, Vardhanan YS. Molecular and morphometric analyses reveal host-specific cryptic speciation in a mite species, Tetranychus neocaledonicus (Andre, 1933) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa 2023; 5306:61-96. [PMID: 37518535 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5306.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Host- and habitat-induced morphological shape and size variations are common in phytophagous and parasitic taxa. Several integrated morphological and molecular techniques have been commonly used to understand host-induced morpho-cryptic species forms. Compared to other arthropods, cryptic speciation was more common in Acari. This study focused on the host-specific morphological cryptic shape and size variations of Tetranychus neocaledonicus, collected from moringa and cassava hosts. We used geometric morphometric analysis to uncover the shape and size of inter-and intra-spider mite populations, and discovered that host-specific shape and size variations existed in spider mites regardless of sex. Interestingly, there was no phylogenetic signal in spider mites, implying that the morpho-cryptic speciation of T. neocaledonicus is solely based on the host-induced selection. The molecular clock hypothesis was accepted in our CO1 and 18s rRNA phylogeny analyses, and spider mites collected from both hosts were genetically less diverse. We conclude that T. neocaledonicus exhibited morphologically detectable cryptic population diversity in each host but that these populations are evolutionarily young form. Apart from these host-induced variations, we also monitored the impact of the clearing agent (lactic acid) on the shape and size of T. neocaledonicus; from this study, we proved that the clearing agent significantly alters the taxonomically important morphological traits of spider mites irrespective of the mites' sex, as confirmed by multivariate statistical analysis. This is the first study report to investigated the host-induced morphological variations of spider mites and the impact of a clearing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Meghana
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Division; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Kerala; India.
| | - P P Anand
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Division; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Kerala; India.
| | - Y Shibu Vardhanan
- Biochemistry & Toxicology Division; Department of Zoology; University of Calicut; Kerala; India.
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Host Migration and Size Do Not Influence the Prevalence of Most Chewing Lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) on Shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes) across the World. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of prevalence in chewing lice (Phthiraptera) on wild birds are poorly known, as are the underlying factors that influence these patterns. Here, we analyze a data set consisting of published prevalence data of lice on shorebirds, as well as new prevalence data from shorebirds examined in Australia, Canada, China, Japan, and Sweden between 2007 and 2020. In total, prevalence data from 10 genera of lice from over 110 host species were included, including all major families of shorebirds. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we examine how the prevalence of lice of different genera varies between different sets of birds, focusing on two factors associated with migration (migration length and migration route). We found that host body size does not influence prevalence of lice in the Charadriiformes for any of the four most common and widely distributed louse genera (Actornithophilus, Austromenopon, Quadraceps, and Saemundssonia). Moreover, neither of the two migration variables showed any statistically significant correlations with prevalence, except for the genus Saemundssonia in which the prevalence of lice on short-distance migrants was significantly higher than on intermediate- and long-distance migrants. We also present 15 new records of chewing lice for China and 12 for Australia.
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Michell CT, Wagner N, Mutanen M, Lee KM, Nyman T. Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host-associated genetic differentiation across shared host-plant species in leaf- and bud-galling sawflies. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1791-1809. [PMID: 36626108 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Resource specialization and ecological speciation arising through host-associated genetic differentiation (HAD) are frequently invoked as an explanation for the high diversity of plant-feeding insects and other organisms with a parasitic lifestyle. While genetic studies have demonstrated numerous examples of HAD in insect herbivores, the rarity of comparative studies means that we still lack an understanding of how deterministic HAD is, and whether patterns of host shifts can be predicted over evolutionary timescales. We applied genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism and mitochondrial DNA sequence data obtained through genome resequencing to define species limits and to compare host-plant use in population samples of leaf- and bud-galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae) collected from seven shared willow (Salicaceae: Salix) host species. To infer the repeatability of long-term cophylogenetic patterns, we also contrasted the phylogenies of the two galler groups with each other as well as with the phylogeny of their Salix hosts estimated based on RADseq data. We found clear evidence for host specialization and HAD in both of the focal galler groups, but also that leaf gallers are more specialized to single host species compared with most bud gallers. In contrast to bud gallers, leaf gallers also exhibited statistically significant cophylogenetic signal with their Salix hosts. The observed discordant patterns of resource specialization and host shifts in two related galler groups that have radiated in parallel across a shared resource base indicate a lack of evolutionary repeatability in the focal system, and suggest that short- and long-term host use and ecological diversification in plant-feeding insects are dominated by stochasticity and/or lineage-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Michell
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Natascha Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Nyman
- Department of Ecosystems in the Barents Region, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Svanvik, Norway
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Johnson KP. Genomic Approaches to Uncovering the Coevolutionary History of Parasitic Lice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091442. [PMID: 36143478 PMCID: PMC9501036 DOI: 10.3390/life12091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New sequencing technologies have now made it possible to sequence entire genomes for a diversity of life on earth. Parasites comprise nearly half of all species. Lice are one important group of parasites of birds and mammals, including humans. Genome sequencing approaches have been applied to this group of parasites to uncover patterns of diversification. These patterns can be compared to the patterns of diversification in their hosts. Key findings from these studies have revealed that parasitic lice likely originated on birds and then switched to mammals multiple times. Within groups of birds and mammals, the evolutionary trees of lice match those for mammal hosts more than those for birds. Genomic approaches have also revealed that individual birds and mammals harbor distinct populations of lice. Thus, these new techniques allow for the study of patterns of diversification at a wide variety of scales. Abstract Next-generation sequencing technologies are revolutionizing the fields of genomics, phylogenetics, and population genetics. These new genomic approaches have been extensively applied to a major group of parasites, the lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) of birds and mammals. Two louse genomes have been assembled and annotated to date, and these have opened up new resources for the study of louse biology. Whole genome sequencing has been used to assemble large phylogenomic datasets for lice, incorporating sequences of thousands of genes. These datasets have provided highly supported trees at all taxonomic levels, ranging from relationships among the major groups of lice to those among closely related species. Such approaches have also been applied at the population scale in lice, revealing patterns of population subdivision and inbreeding. Finally, whole genome sequence datasets can also be used for additional study beyond that of the louse nuclear genome, such as in the study of mitochondrial genome fragmentation or endosymbiont function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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8
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Kolencik S, Johnson KP, Grant AR, Valim MP, Kuabara KMD, Weckstein JD, Allen JM. Molecular phylogenetics of the avian feather louse Philopterus-complex (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 174:107556. [PMID: 35738542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The avian feather louse Philopterus-complex (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) currently contains 12 genera that have been grouped together because of shared morphological characteristics. Although previously lumped into a single genus (Philopterus), more recent morphological treatments have separated the group into several different genera. Here we evaluate the status of these genera using DNA sequence data from 118 ingroup specimens belonging to ten genera in the Philopterus-complex: Australophilopterus Mey, 2004, Cinclosomicola Mey 2004, Clayiella Eichler, 1940, Corcorides Mey, 2004, Mayriphilopterus Mey, 2004, Paraphilopterus Mey 2004, Philopteroides Mey 2004, Philopterus Nitzsch, 1818, Tyranniphilopterus Mey, 2004, and Vinceopterus Gustafsson, Lei, Chu, Zou, and Bush, 2019. Our sampling includes 97 new louse-host association records. Our analyses suggest that the genus Debeauxoecus Conci, 1941, parasitic on pittas (Aves: Pittidae), is outside of the Philopterus-complex, and that there is strong support for the monophyly of a group containing the remaining genera from the complex. Some diverse genera, such as Philopterus (sensu stricto) and Mayriphilopterus are supported as monophyletic, whereas the genera Australophilopterus, Philopteroides, and Tyranniphilopterus are not. The present study is the largest phylogenetic reconstruction of avian lice belonging to the Philopterus-complex to date and suggests that further generic revision is needed in the group to integrate molecular and morphological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kolencik
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Avery R Grant
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Michel P Valim
- Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro 28300-000, Brazil
| | - Kamila M D Kuabara
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Jason D Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Julie M Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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de Moya RS. Phylogenomics and host-switching patterns of philopteridae (Psocodea: phthiraptera) feather lice. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:525-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Antonello M, Lira S, Burgarelli E, de Almeida Novaes Fernandes M, Pires JR, Brener B. THE CHEWING LICE OF BROWN BOOBY (SULA LEUCOGASTER) IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL. J Parasitol 2022; 108:100-106. [PMID: 35240687 DOI: 10.1645/21-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown booby (Sula leucogaster Boddaert, 1783) has a wide geographic distribution, being found throughout the intertropical range except for the west coast of South America. Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) are ectoparasites commonly found in association with a wide variety of bird species, and extensive infestations can lead to severe itching and irritation that causes skin lesions, damage to the plumage, and abandonment of nests. Sula leucogaster lice have an atypical distribution, not fully following the distribution of their host. In the years 2018 and 2019, 4 marine animal rehabilitation centers located in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, Brazil received live birds and carcasses of Sula leucogaster. The animals were deloused and lice of 2 different species were collected. Identification was performed by optical microscopy, and the species found were Eidmanniella albescens Piaget, 1880 and Pectinopygus garbeiPessoa and Guimarães, 1935. This is the first record of both species in Rio de Janeiro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Antonello
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, R. Professor Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Sarah Lira
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, 24210-130 Brazil
| | - Eduardo Burgarelli
- Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, 24210-130 Brazil
| | | | - Jeferson Rocha Pires
- Centro de Recuperação de Animais Selvagens, Estácio, Campus Vargem Pequena, 22783-325, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Brener
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, R. Professor Hernani Pires de Mello, 101, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-130, Brazil
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11
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Tian C, Yu X, Wang Z, Zou F, Gustafsson DR. PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF GUIMARAESIELLA AND PRICEIELLA (PHTHIRAPTERA: ISCHNOCERA) FROM BABBLERS AND NON-BABBLERS (PASSERIFORMES). J Parasitol 2022; 108:107-121. [PMID: 35240688 DOI: 10.1645/21-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Babblers (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae, Pellorneidae, Timaliidae) are parasitized by more genera of lice of the Brueelia complex than any other group of songbirds. However, the relationships of these louse groups are poorly known. We here try to resolve the relationships between Guimaraesiella (Guimaraesiella), Guimaraesiella (Cicchinella), and their putative sister group Priceiella by using mitochondrial cytochrome c subunit 1 (COI), 12S, and 16S sequences. Our data indicate that G. (Cicchinella) forms a monophyletic group of lice from babblers, but the relationship between G. (Guimaraesiella), G. (Cicchinella), and Priceiella could not be resolved. Moreover, the position of the third lineage of babbler-specific lice, containing only the aberrant species Guimaraesiella montisodalis, is unresolved. Morphologically, this species is different from all other Guimaraesiella in several characters and may represent a distinct lineage. We present some data indicating that (1) the Nanling Mountain range may be a biogeographical barrier to chewing lice and (2) host participation in mixed-species feeding flocks may influence host associations in Brueelia-complex chewing lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpo Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Chang'an District, Xi'an City, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Chang'an Street, Chang'an District, Xi'an City, 710119, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhengzhen Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fasheng Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daniel R Gustafsson
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Library of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, 105 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Host-associated morphological convergence in symbiotic pea crabs. Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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13
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Adly E, Nasser M, Soliman DE, AlAshaal SA, Kenawy MA, Gustafsson DR, Alghamdi KM, Shehata M. Analysis of phoretic relation between chewing lice and hippoboscid flies of Columba livia. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2020; 22:100496. [PMID: 33308739 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phoresy is a biologically mechanical phenomena where an immobile organism hitches on a other mobile organism to translocate. This behaviour is not studied very well on the field level especially between two important parasites infesting the same host. Parasite/parasite interaction is rarely studied through most biological host-parasite systems. Here, we evaluated the phoretic relation between parasitic chewing lice and hippoboscid flies (Pseudolynchia canariensis) on rock pigeons. A total of 69 captivated rock pigeons, Columba livia, were examined for the parasitic chewing lice and hippoboscid flies in Giza Zoo and two local farms near Cairo, Egypt. Results indicated that there is a positive correlation between infestation of hippoboscid flies and chewing lice. Also, the analysis of louse/louse interaction using ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the three chewing louse species which were recorded on the rock pigeons with relatively high abundance of two species, Columbicola columbae and Campanulotes compar. The analysis of hippoboscid flies' abundance and its relation with chewing lice infestation indicate a significant increase of lice intensity in case of high infestation with the fly. The level of hygiene of nest may be inversely related to level of parasite infestation. This work forms a step in the process of understanding parasite/parasite and host/parasite interactions using two parasitic species with a characteristic phoretic behaviour in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Adly
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Nasser
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Doaa E Soliman
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sara A AlAshaal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Kenawy
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Daniel R Gustafsson
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Khalid M Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi Shehata
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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González-Acuña D, Veloso-Frías J, Missene C, Oyarzún-Ruiz P, Fuentes-Castillo D, Kinsella JM, Mironov S, Barrientos C, Cicchino A, Moreno L. External and gastrointestinal parasites of the Franklin's Gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan (Charadriiformes: Laridae), in Talcahuano, central Chile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e016420. [PMID: 33295376 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parasitological studies of the Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan, are scarce, and knowledge about its endoparasites is quite limited. In order to describe its parasitic community, a total of 60 Franklin's gulls were captured in the coastal area in central Chile, using modified Bal-chatri traps. Ectoparasites were collected from all 60 live individuals through inspection of their plumage, while 30 were examined for endoparasites by standard parasitological necropsy. The prevalence of ectoparasites was 78.3%, including the feather mite Zachvatkinia larica (43.3%) and four species of lice: Actornithophilus piceus lari (15.0%), Austromenopon transversum (6.7%), Quadraceps punctatus (10.0%) and Saemundssonia lari (46.7%). Some 25 of 30 (83.3%) of birds necropsied were parasitized with the following helminths: Aporchis sp. (6.7%), Tetrabothrius cylindraceus (56.7%), Cyclophyllidea gen. sp. (3.3%), Profilicollis altmani (56.7%), Eucoleus contortus (10.0%), Cosmocephalus obvelatus (13.3%), Paracuaria adunca (10.0%), Stegophorus sp. (3.3%) and Tetrameres skrjabini (3.3%). To our knowledge, with the exception of P. altmani, these helminths are reported for first time in the Franklin's gull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Acuña
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Joseline Veloso-Frías
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Animal, Departamento de Patología y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Cristian Missene
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades de Fauna silvestre, Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens, Departmento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Sergei Mironov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Embankment 1, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Carlos Barrientos
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Lucila Moreno
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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15
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Oslejskova L, Kounkova S, Gustafsson DR, Resendes R, Rodrigues P, Literak I, Sychra O. Insect ectoparasites from wild passerine birds in the Azores Islands. Parasite 2020; 27:64. [PMID: 33220720 PMCID: PMC7680507 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 266 wild passerine birds (Passeriformes) representing eight species and nine subspecies from three islands of the Archipelago of the Azores were examined for ectoparasites. Two species of louse-flies Ornithomya avicularia and Ornithoica turdi (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), three species of fleas Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus sp. and Dasypsyllus gallinulae (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae), and 11 species of chewing lice belonging to the genera Menacanthus, Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae), Ricinus (Phthiraptera: Ricinidae), Brueelia, Guimaraesiella, Philopterus, Sturnidoecus and Turdinirmus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) were recorded. At least one species of ectoparasite was found on 114 birds of six species. Guimaraesiella tovornikae and Myrsidea sylviae from Sylvia atricapilla are redescribed. Records of Ceratophyllus sp. and Sturnidoecus sp. from Turdus merula represent new parasite-host associations. Phoresy of Guimaraesiella amsel on Ornithoica turdi was also found. Parasitological parameters such as prevalence, intensity and abundance and geographic distribution of recorded ectoparasites are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Oslejskova
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Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho tr. 1946/1 61242 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Kounkova
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Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho tr. 1946/1 61242 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Daniel R. Gustafsson
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Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Zoology 105 Xingang West Road Haizhu District Guangzhou 510260 China
| | - Roberto Resendes
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CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Polo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores 9501-801 Ponta Delgada Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
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Instituto de Patologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile Isla Teja 5090000 Valdivia Chile
| | - Ivan Literak
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Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho tr. 1946/1 61242 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Sychra
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Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno Palackeho tr. 1946/1 61242 Brno Czech Republic
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16
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Sweet AD, Wilson RE, Sonsthagen SA, Johnson KP. Lousy grouse: Comparing evolutionary patterns in Alaska galliform lice to understand host evolution and host-parasite interactions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8379-8393. [PMID: 32788987 PMCID: PMC7417246 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding both sides of host-parasite relationships can provide more complete insights into host and parasite biology in natural systems. For example, phylogenetic and population genetic comparisons between a group of hosts and their closely associated parasites can reveal patterns of host dispersal, interspecies interactions, and population structure that might not be evident from host data alone. These comparisons are also useful for understanding factors that drive host-parasite coevolutionary patterns (e.g., codivergence or host switching) over different periods of time. However, few studies have compared the evolutionary histories between multiple groups of parasites from the same group of hosts at a regional geographic scale. Here, we used genomic data to compare phylogenomic and population genomic patterns of Alaska ptarmigan and grouse species (Aves: Tetraoninae) and two genera of their associated feather lice: Lagopoecus and Goniodes. We used whole-genome sequencing to obtain hundreds of genes and thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the lice and double-digest restriction-associated DNA sequences to obtain SNPs from Alaska populations of two species of ptarmigan. We found that both genera of lice have some codivergence with their galliform hosts, but these relationships are primarily characterized by host switching and phylogenetic incongruence. Population structure was also uncorrelated between the hosts and lice. These patterns suggest that grouse, and ptarmigan in particular, share habitats and have likely had historical and ongoing dispersal within Alaska. However, the two genera of lice also have sufficient dissimilarities in the relationships with their hosts to suggest there are other factors, such as differences in louse dispersal ability, that shape the evolutionary patterns with their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Sweet
- Department of EntomologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | | | | | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research InstituteUniversity of IllinoisChampaignILUSA
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17
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Virrueta Herrera S, Sweet AD, Allen JM, Walden KKO, Weckstein JD, Johnson KP. Extensive in situ radiation of feather lice on tinamous. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20193005. [PMID: 32070251 PMCID: PMC7062024 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.3005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinamous host the highest generic diversity of lice of any group of birds, as well as hosting representatives of all four avian feather louse ecomorphs. Although the generic diversity of tinamou feather lice is well documented, few attempts have been made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among these lice. To test whether tinamou feather lice form a monophyletic group as a whole, we used whole-genome sequencing to estimate a higher-level phylogeny of tinamou feather lice, together with a broad diversity of other avian feather louse groups. In total, we analysed sequences from over 1000 genes for 48 genera of avian lice using both concatenated and coalescent approaches to estimate the phylogeny of this diverse group of avian feather lice. Although the body louse ecomorph of tinamou feather lice formed a monophyletic group, they did not strictly form a monophyletic group together with the other three ecomorphs of tinamou feather lice. In particular, a clade comprised of several feather louse genera, mainly from South America, is nested phylogenetically within tinamou lice, which also have their main centre of diversity in South America. These results suggest in situ radiation of these parasites in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Virrueta Herrera
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Andrew D. Sweet
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Jason D. Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
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18
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Goodman GB, Conner SA, Bush SE, Clayton DH. Is Allopreening a Stimulus-Driven Defense Against Ectoparasites? J Parasitol 2020. [DOI: 10.1645/19-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham B. Goodman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Sarah A. Conner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Sarah E. Bush
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Dale H. Clayton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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19
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Baker E, Dupont S, Smith VS. Ecological interactions in the Scratchpads virtual research environment. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e47043. [PMID: 31824210 PMCID: PMC6892960 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e47043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Natural History Museum, London has a number of online databases that describe interactions between species, including the HOSTS database of lepidopteran host plants (Robinson et al. 2010) and a database of Dipterocarp Seed Predators. These databases were generally bespoke software, which has increased the technical work necessary to sustain these resources. The decision was taken to migrate these to either the Scratchpads Virtual Research Environment (VRE) (Smith et al. 2011) or to the museum's Data Portal (Scott et al. 2019), depending on the complexity of the existing resource, as both are being sustained by the Informatics Group at the Natural History Museum, London. Resources that can be best represented as a single table were moved to the Data Portal, while those best represented in a relational model were transferred to Scratchpads. In addition, the Phthiraptera.info Scratchpad (Smith and Broom 2019), which already contained ecological interaction data, was migrated to the new system. New information This paper describes the implementation within the Scratchpads VRE of a new ecological interactions module that is capable of handling the needs of these projects, while at the same time is flexible to handle the needs of future projects with different data sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Baker
- The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom The Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
| | - Steen Dupont
- The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom The Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Stuart Smith
- The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom The Natural History Museum London United Kingdom
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20
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Piross IS, Harnos A, Rózsa L. Rensch's rule in avian lice: contradictory allometric trends for sexual size dimorphism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7908. [PMID: 31133727 PMCID: PMC6536520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rensch’s rule (RR) postulates that in comparisons across closely related species, male body size relative to female size increases with the average size of the species. This holds true in several vertebrate and also in certain free-living invertebrate taxa. Here, we document the validity of RR in avian lice using three families (Philopteridae, Menoponidae, and Ricinidae). Using published data on the body length of 989 louse species, subspecies, or distinct intraspecific lineages, we applied phylogenetic reduced major axis regression to analyse the body size of females vs. males while accounting for phylogenetic non-independence. Our results indicate that philopterid and menoponid lice follow RR, while ricinids exhibit the opposite pattern. In the case of philopterids and menoponids, we argue that larger-bodied bird species tend to host lice that are both larger in size and more abundant. Thus, sexual selection acting on males makes them relatively larger, and this is stronger than fecundity selection acting on females. Ricinids exhibit converse RR, likely because fecundity selection is stronger in their case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Sándor Piross
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. .,Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Harnos
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Rózsa
- Evolutionary Systems Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Two lineages of kingfisher feather lice exhibit differing degrees of cospeciation with their hosts. Parasitology 2019; 146:1083-1095. [PMID: 31046855 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Unlike most bird species, individual kingfisher species (Aves: Alcedinidae) are typically parasitized by only a single genus of louse (Alcedoffula, Alcedoecus, or Emersoniella). These louse genera are typically specific to a particular kingfisher subfamily. Specifically, Alcedoecus and Emersoniella parasitize Halcyoninae, whereas Alcedoffula parasitizes Alcedininae and Cerylinae. Although Emersoniella is geographically restricted to the Indo-Pacific region, Alcedoecus and Alcedoffula are geographically widespread. We used DNA sequences from two genes, the mitochondrial COI and nuclear EF-1α genes, to infer phylogenies for the two geographically widespread genera of kingfisher lice, Alcedoffula and Alcedoecus. These phylogenies included 47 kingfisher lice sampled from 11 of the 19 currently recognized genera of kingfishers. We compared louse phylogenies to host phylogenies to reconstruct their cophylogenetic history. Two distinct clades occur within Alcedoffula, one that infests Alcedininae and a second that infests Cerylinae. All species of Alcedoecus were found only on host species of the subfamily Halcyoninae. Cophylogenetic analysis indicated that Alcedoecus, as well as the clade of Alcedoffula occurring on Alcedininae, do not show evidence of cospeciation. In contrast, the clade of Alcedoffula occurring on Cerylinae showed strong evidence of cospeciation.
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22
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Ebmer D, Navarrete MJ, Muñoz P, Flores LM, Gärtner U, Taubert A, Hermosilla C. Antarctophthirus microchir infestation in synanthropic South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) males diagnosed by a novel non-invasive method. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1353-1361. [PMID: 30868295 PMCID: PMC6478641 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antarctophthirus microchir is a sucking louse species belonging to the family Echinophthiriidae and has been reported to parasitize all species of the subfamily Otariinae, the sea lions. Former studies on this ectoparasite mainly required fixation, immobilization, or death of host species and especially examinations of adult male sea lions are still very rare. Between March and May 2018, adult individuals of a unique “urban” bachelor group of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) living directly in the city of Valdivia, Chile, were studied regarding their ectoparasite infestation status. For first time, a non-invasive method in the form of a lice comb screwed on a telescopic rod and grounded with adhesive tape was used for sample taking process. Overall, during combing different stages of A. microchir were detected in 4/5 O. flavescens individuals, especially at the junction between the back and hind flippers. Our findings represent the first report of A. microchir infesting individuals of this synanthropic colony and fulfilling complete life cycle in a sea lion group despite inhabiting freshwater and in absence of females/pups. Our “telescopic lice comb apparatus” offers a new strategy to collect different stages of ectoparasites and a range of epidermal material, such as fur coat hair and superficial skin tissue for a broad spectrum of research fields in wildlife sciences in an unmolested and stress reduced manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ebmer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Maria José Navarrete
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Muñoz
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Miguel Flores
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Aulweg 123, 35385, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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23
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Sweet AD, Johnson KP. The role of parasite dispersal in shaping a host–parasite system at multiple evolutionary scales. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:5104-5119. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
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24
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Bulgarella M, Quenu M, Shepherd LD, Morgan-Richards M. The ectoparasites of hybrid ducks in New Zealand (Mallard x Grey Duck). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2018; 7:335-342. [PMID: 30258780 PMCID: PMC6154467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the population genetics of one population sample of hybrid Mallard x Grey Ducks and their lice in New Zealand. We aimed to document the relationship between ectoparasite load and host phenotype, and test for an association between the mtDNA diversity of the lice and their hosts, which is predicted based on maternal care. We found three feather lice species previously described for these hosts: Anaticola crassicornis (wing louse), Anatoecus dentatus (head louse), and Trinoton querquedulae (body louse). No new or rare lice species were uncovered. Most ducks in our sample were more Mallard-like than Grey Duck-like hybrids for the five colour and plumage traits examined. We confirm that based solely on phenotypic characters it is difficult to distinguish between Mallards, hybrids and Grey Ducks. We detected no association between the number of lice and host phenotype for two of the three louse species (while controlling for bird size). However, the Grey Duck-like hybrids had fewer head lice (A. dentatus) than their Mallard-like counterparts. Only three of the 40 hosts had mtDNA haplotypes that characterise Grey Ducks. We present the first genetic data of Anaticola crassicornis, Anatoecus dentatus and Trinoton querquedulae from New Zealand waterfowl. We found that the lice mtDNA had greater sequence diversity than the homologous gene for the ducks. A mitochondrial phylogeny for A. crassicornis collected from hosts worldwide has been previously published, and we added our novel data to infer evolutionary relationships among worldwide populations of this louse. None of the three lice species showed a close association of parasite and host mtDNA lineage despite lack of paternal care in these duck species. We studied population genetics of hybrid Mallard x Grey Ducks and their lice in New Zealand. We found three feather lice species previously described for these hosts. Most ducks were more Mallard-like than Grey Duck-like hybrids for the traits examined. Only three of the forty hosts had mtDNA haplotypes that characterise Grey Ducks. We present the first genetic data for the three lice species from New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bulgarella
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Mathieu Quenu
- Ecology, College of Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lara D Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology, College of Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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25
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Soto-Patiño J, Londoño GA, Johnson KP, Weckstein JD, Avendaño JE, Catanach TA, Sweet AD, Cook AT, Jankowski JE, Allen J. Composition and distribution of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) on Colombian and Peruvian birds: New data on louse-host association in the Neotropics. Biodivers Data J 2018; 6:e21635. [PMID: 30271250 PMCID: PMC6160787 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e21635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of permanent ectoparasites is likely underestimated due to the difficulty of collecting samples. Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) are permanent ectoparasites of birds and mammals; there are approximately 5,000 species described and many more undescribed, particularly in the Neotropics. We document the louse genera collected from birds sampled in Peru (2006-2007) and Colombia (2009-2016), from 22 localities across a variety of ecosystems, ranging from lowland tropical forest and Llanos to high elevation cloud forest. We identified 35 louse genera from a total of 210 bird species belonging to 37 avian families and 13 orders. These genera belong to two suborders and three families of lice: Amblycera, families Menoponidae (present on 131 bird species) and Ricinidae (39 bird species); and Ischnocera, family Philopteridae (119 bird species). We compared our bird-louse associations with data in Price et al. (2003) and recently published Neotropical studies. The majority of bird-louse associations (51.9%) were new, with most of these coming from Passeriformes, the most diverse avian order, with the most poorly known louse fauna. Finally, we found geographical variation in louse infestation and prevalence rates. With this study, we report the first comprehensive documentation of bird-louse associations for Colombia and substantially increase the known associations documented for Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Soto-Patiño
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, ColombiaUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de ColombiaTunjaColombia
| | - Gustavo A Londoño
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, Cali, ColombiaDepartamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of AmericaIllinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign, Champaign, ILUnited States of America
| | - Jason D Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, United States of AmericaDepartment of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States of America
| | - Jorge Enrique Avendaño
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, ColombiaLaboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los AndesBogotáColombia
| | - Therese A Catanach
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, United States of AmericaDepartment of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Sciences and Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States of America
| | - Andrew D Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States of AmericaIllinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign, Champaign, ILUnited States of America
| | - Andrew T Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada Department of Biological Sciences, University of AlbertaAlbertaCanada
| | - Jill E Jankowski
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaBiodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BCCanada
| | - Julie Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biology, University of NevadaRenoUnited States of America
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Sweet AD, Bush SE, Gustafsson DR, Allen JM, DiBlasi E, Skeen HR, Weckstein JD, Johnson KP. Host and parasite morphology influence congruence between host and parasite phylogenies. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:641-648. [PMID: 29577890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Comparisons of host and parasite phylogenies often show varying degrees of phylogenetic congruence. However, few studies have rigorously explored the factors driving this variation. Multiple factors such as host or parasite morphology may govern the degree of phylogenetic congruence. An ideal analysis for understanding the factors correlated with congruence would focus on a diverse host-parasite system for increased variation and statistical power. In this study, we focused on the Brueelia-complex, a diverse and widespread group of feather lice that primarily parasitise songbirds. We generated a molecular phylogeny of the lice and compared this tree with a phylogeny of their avian hosts. We also tested for the contribution of each host-parasite association to the overall congruence. The two trees overall were significantly congruent, but the contribution of individual associations to this congruence varied. To understand this variation, we developed a novel approach to test whether host, parasite or biogeographic factors were statistically associated with patterns of congruence. Both host plumage dimorphism and parasite ecomorphology were associated with patterns of congruence, whereas host body size, other plumage traits and biogeography were not. Our results lay the framework for future studies to further elucidate how these factors influence the process of host-parasite coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Sarah E Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel R Gustafsson
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resources, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Julie M Allen
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Emily DiBlasi
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 S. 1400 E. Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Heather R Skeen
- Field Museum of Natural History, Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; The University of Chicago, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, Culver Hall 402, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason D Weckstein
- Department of Ornithology, Academy of Natural Science, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA; Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Kevin P Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Doña J, Sweet AD, Johnson KP, Serrano D, Mironov S, Jovani R. Cophylogenetic analyses reveal extensive host-shift speciation in a highly specialized and host-specific symbiont system. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 115:190-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Variation in diet breadth among organisms is a pervasive feature of the natural world that has resisted general explanation. In particular, trade-offs in the ability to use one resource at the expense of another have been expected but rarely detected. We explore a spatial model for the evolution of specialization, motivated by studies of plant-feeding insects. The model is neutral with respect to the causes and consequences of diet breadth: the number of hosts utilized is not constrained by trade-offs, and specialization or generalization does not confer a direct advantage with respect to the persistence of populations or the probability of diversification. We find that diet breadth evolves in ways that resemble reports from natural communities. Simulated communities are dominated by specialized species, with a predictable but less species-rich component of generalized taxa. These results raise the possibility that specialization might be a consequence of stochastic diversification dynamics acting on spatially segregated consumer-resource associations rather than a trait either favored or constrained directly by natural selection. Finally, our model generates hypotheses for global patterns of herbivore diet breadth, including a positive effect of host richness and a negative effect of evenness in host plant abundance on the number of specialized taxa.
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Sweet AD, Chesser RT, Johnson KP. Comparative cophylogenetics of Australian phabine pigeons and doves (Aves: Columbidae) and their feather lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:347-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Harnos A, Lang Z, Petrás D, Bush SE, Szabó K, Rózsa L. Size matters for lice on birds: Coevolutionary allometry of host and parasite body size. Evolution 2017; 71:421-431. [PMID: 27925167 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Body size is one of the most fundamental characteristics of all organisms. It influences physiology, morphology, behavior, and even interspecific interactions such as those between parasites and their hosts. Host body size influences the magnitude and variability of parasite size according to Harrison's rule (HR: positive relationship between host and parasite body sizes) and Poulin's Increasing Variance Hypothesis (PIVH: positive relationship between host body size and the variability of parasite body size). We analyzed parasite-host body size allometry for 581 species of avian lice (∼15% of known diversity) and their hosts. We applied phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) methods to account for phylogenetic nonindependence controlling for host and parasite phylogenies separately and variance heterogeneity. We tested HR and PIVH for the major families of avian lice (Ricinidae, Menoponidae, Philopteridae), and for distinct ecological guilds within Philopteridae. Our data indicate that most families and guilds of avian lice follow both HR and PIVH; however, ricinids did not follow PIVH and the "body lice" guild of philopterid lice did not follow HR or PIVH. We discuss mathematical and ecological factors that may be responsible for these patterns, and we discuss the potential pervasiveness of these relationships among all parasites on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Harnos
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Lang
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Petrás
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, István u. 2, H-1078, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarah E Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112
| | - Krisztián Szabó
- Department of Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, Rottenbiller u. 50, H-1077, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Rózsa
- MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány s. 1/C, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Sweet AD, Boyd BM, Johnson KP. Cophylogenetic patterns are uncorrelated between two lineages of parasites on the same hosts. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Sweet
- Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1816 S. Oak St. Champaign IL 61820 USA
| | - Bret M. Boyd
- Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1816 S. Oak St. Champaign IL 61820 USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Kevin P. Johnson
- Illinois Natural History Survey; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1816 S. Oak St. Champaign IL 61820 USA
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Light JE, Nessner CE, Gustafsson DR, Wise SR, Voelker G. Remarkable levels of avian louse (Insecta: Phthiraptera) diversity in the Congo Basin. ZOOL SCR 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Light
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; 210 Nagle Hall College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Caitlin E. Nessner
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; 210 Nagle Hall College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Daniel R. Gustafsson
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; 257 South 1400 East, Room 201 Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA
| | - Samantha R. Wise
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; 210 Nagle Hall College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Gary Voelker
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Texas A&M University; 210 Nagle Hall College Station TX 77843 USA
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Data supporting a molecular phylogeny of the hyper-diverse genus Brueelia. Data Brief 2015; 5:1078-91. [PMID: 26793754 PMCID: PMC4688976 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Data is presented in support of a phylogenetic reconstruction of one of the largest, and most poorly understood, groups of lice: the Brueelia-complex (Bush et al., 2015[1]). Presented data include the voucher information and molecular data (GenBank accession numbers) of 333 ingroup taxa within the Brueelia-complex and 30 outgroup taxa selected from across the order Phthiraptera. Also included are phylogenetic reconstructions based on Bayesian inference analyses of combined COI and EF-1α sequences for Brueelia-complex species and outgroup taxa.
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Unlocking the black box of feather louse diversity: A molecular phylogeny of the hyper-diverse genus Brueelia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 94:737-751. [PMID: 26455895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Songbirds host one of the largest, and most poorly understood, groups of lice: the Brueelia-complex. The Brueelia-complex contains nearly one-tenth of all known louse species (Phthiraptera), and the genus Brueelia has over 300 species. To date, revisions have been confounded by extreme morphological variation, convergent evolution, and periodic movement of lice between unrelated hosts. Here we use Bayesian inference based on mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (EF-1α) gene fragments to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among 333 individuals within the Brueelia-complex. We show that the genus Brueelia, as it is currently recognized, is paraphyletic. Many well-supported and morphologically unified clades within our phylogenetic reconstruction of Brueelia were previously described as genera. These genera should be recognized, and the erection of several new genera should be explored. We show that four distinct ecomorphs have evolved repeatedly within the Brueelia-complex, mirroring the evolutionary history of feather-lice across the entire order. We show that lice in the Brueelia-complex, with some notable exceptions, are extremely host specific and that the host family associations and geographic distributions of these lice are significantly correlated with our understanding of their phylogenetic history. Several ecological phenomena, including phoresis, may be responsible for the macroevolutionary patterns in this diverse group.
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35
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Douglas HD, Malenke JR. An Extraordinary Host-Specific Sex Ratio in an Avian Louse (Phthiraptera: Insecta)--Chemical Distortion? ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:1149-1154. [PMID: 26314060 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Distortions of sex ratios and sexual traits from synthetic chemicals have been well documented; however, there is little evidence for such phenomena associated with naturally occurring chemical exposures. We reasoned that chemical secretions of vertebrates could contribute to skewed sex ratios in ectoparasitic insects due to differences in susceptibility among the sexes. For example, among ectoparasitic lice the female is generally the larger sex. Smaller males may be more susceptible to chemical effects. We studied sex ratios of lice on two sympatric species of colonial seabirds. Crested auklets (Aethia cristatella) secrete a strong smelling citrus-like odorant composed of aldehydes while a closely related congener the least auklet (Aethia pusilla) lacks these compounds. Each auklet hosts three species of lice, two of which are shared in common. We found that the sex ratio of one louse species, Quadraceps aethereus (Giebel), was highly skewed on crested auklets 1:69 (males: females), yet close to unity on least auklets (1:0.97). We suggest that a host-specific effect contributes to this difference, such as the crested auklet's chemical odorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Douglas
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775. Current address: Science Department, College of Rural and Community Development, Kuskokwim Campus, University of Alaska, Bethel, AK 99559.
| | - J R Malenke
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84412
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36
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Valim MP, Kuabara KMD. The feather louse genus Mulcticola Clay et Meinertzhagen, 1938 (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Brazil, with descriptions of five new species and catalogue for species described in the genus. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2015. [PMID: 26198681 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2015.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Five new species of Mulcticola Clay et Meinertzhagen, 1938 are described and illustrated from Brazil. These new species and their hosts are: Mulcticola sicki sp. n. from the sand-coloured nighthawk, Chordeiles rupestris rupestris (Spix), Mulcticola bacurau sp. n. from the common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis (Gmelin), Mulcticola tendeiroi sp. n. from the long-trained nightjar, Macropsalis forcipata (Nitzsch), Mulcticola piacentinii sp. n. from the short-tailed nighthawk, Lurocalis semitorquatus semitorquatus (Gmelin) (type-host) and L. s. nattereri (Temminck), and Mulcticola parvulus sp. n. from the little nightjar, Setopagis parvula (Gould). These species were compared primarily with Mulcticola nacunda Carriker, 1945 from the nacunda nighthawk, Chordeiles nacunda nacunda (Vieillot), which is one of the species of Mulcticola previously recorded in the Neotropical region. All the five new species described herein differ from their congeners by exclusive characters such as the shape of anterior dorsal head plate, metasternal plate, subvulvar plates in females and genitalia in males. We increased the number of species in Mulcticola to 18 in total, with seven of them now known from the Neotropics. We present the main morphological characters to distinguish Mulcticola from other species of the Philopteridae parasitising Caprimulgiformes and also compile a detailed catalogue for species included in this louse genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P Valim
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Amaral HLDC, Bergmann FB, Krüger RF, Graciolli G. Composition and distribution patterns of chewing lice of two neotropical species ofTurdus. J NAT HIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.951084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Lewandowski M, Skoracka A, Szydło W, Kozak M, Druciarek T, Griffiths DA. Genetic and morphological diversity of Trisetacus species (Eriophyoidea: Phytoptidae) associated with coniferous trees in Poland: phylogeny, barcoding, host and habitat specialization. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2014; 63:497-520. [PMID: 24711065 PMCID: PMC4053603 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Eriophyoid species belonging to the genus Trisetacus are economically important as pests of conifers. A narrow host specialization to conifers and some unique morphological characteristics have made these mites interesting subjects for scientific inquiry. In this study, we assessed morphological and genetic variation of seven Trisetacus species originating from six coniferous hosts in Poland by morphometric analysis and molecular sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene and the nuclear D2 region of 28S rDNA. The results confirmed the monophyly of the genus Trisetacus as well as the monophyly of five of the seven species studied. Both DNA sequences were effective in discriminating between six of the seven species tested. Host-dependent genetic and morphological variation in T. silvestris and T. relocatus, and habitat-dependent genetic and morphological variation in T. juniperinus were detected, suggesting the existence of races or even distinct species within these Trisetacus taxa. This is the first molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Trisetacus species. The findings presented here will stimulate further investigations on the evolutionary relationships of Trisetacus as well as the entire Phytoptidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Lewandowski
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skoracka
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Szydło
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozak
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tobiasz Druciarek
- Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Yamagishi A, Yao I, Johnson KP, Yoshizawa K. Comparisons of Host Specificity in Feather Louse Genera (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) Parasitizing Gulls (Aves: Laridae:Larus). Zoolog Sci 2014; 31:383-9. [DOI: 10.2108/zs130263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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40
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Rascalou G, Gourbière S. Competition, virulence, host body mass and the diversification of macro-parasites. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20131108. [PMID: 24522783 PMCID: PMC3928941 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive speciation has been much debated in recent years, with a strong emphasis on how competition can lead to the diversification of ecological and sexual traits. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to this evolutionary process to explain intrahost diversification of parasites. We expanded the theory of competitive speciation to look at the effect of key features of the parasite lifestyle, namely fragmentation, aggregation and virulence, on the conditions and rate of sympatric speciation under the standard 'pleiotropic scenario'. The conditions for competitive speciation were found similar to those for non-parasite species, but not the rate of diversification. Adaptive evolution proceeds faster in highly fragmented parasite populations and for weakly aggregated and virulent parasites. Combining these theoretical results with standard empirical allometric relationships, we showed that parasite diversification can be faster in host species of intermediate body mass. The increase in parasite load with body mass, indeed, fuels evolution by increasing mutants production, but because of the deleterious effect of virulence, it simultaneously weakens selection for resource specialization. Those two antagonistic effects lead to optimal parasite burden and host body mass for diversification. Data on the diversity of fishes' gills parasites were found consistent with the existence of such optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Rascalou
- Centre for the Study of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), UMR Universités Montpellier 1 and 2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Gourbière
- Centre for the Study of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, EA 4218 Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyse en Géo-Environnements et Santé (IMAGES), Perpignan 66100, France
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Balvín O, Vilímová J, Kratochvíl L. Batbugs (Cimex pipistrelli
group, Heteroptera: Cimicidae) are morphologically, but not genetically differentiated among bat hosts. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Balvín
- Faculty of Science; Department of Zoology; Charles University in Prague; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vilímová
- Faculty of Science; Department of Zoology; Charles University in Prague; Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kratochvíl
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Ecology; Prague 2 Czech Republic
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42
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Lapoint R, Whiteman N. How a bird is an island. BMC Biol 2012; 10:53. [PMID: 22715854 PMCID: PMC3379931 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Replicate adaptive radiations occur when lineages repeatedly radiate and fill new but similar niches and converge phenotypically. While this is commonly seen in traditional island systems, it may also be present in host-parasite relationships, where hosts serve as islands. In a recent article in BMC Biology, Johnson and colleagues have produced the most extensive phylogeny of the avian lice (Ischnocera) to date, and find evidence for this pattern. This study opens the door to exploring adaptive radiations from a novel host-parasite perspective. See research article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/10/52
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