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Taghizadeh Ghassab F, Shamlou Mahmoudi F, Taheri Tinjani R, Emami Meibodi A, Zali MR, Yadegar A. Probiotics and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration: Beneficial effects and mechanistic insights. Life Sci 2024; 350:122748. [PMID: 38843992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a high socioeconomic burden. Although pharmacotherapy is currently the principal therapeutic approach for the management of NDs, mounting evidence supports the notion that the protracted application of available drugs would abate their dopaminergic outcomes in the long run. The therapeutic application of microbiome-based modalities has received escalating attention in biomedical works. In-depth investigations of the bidirectional communication between the microbiome in the gut and the brain offer a multitude of targets for the treatment of NDs or maximizing the patient's quality of life. Probiotic administration is a well-known microbial-oriented approach to modulate the gut microbiota and potentially influence the process of neurodegeneration. Of note, there is a strong need for further investigation to map out the mechanistic prospects for the gut-brain axis and the clinical efficacy of probiotics. In this review, we discuss the importance of microbiome modulation and hemostasis via probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics in ameliorating pathological neurodegenerative events. Also, we meticulously describe the underlying mechanism of action of probiotics and their metabolites on the gut-brain axis in different NDs. We suppose that the present work will provide a functional direction for the use of probiotic-based modalities in promoting current practical treatments for the management of neurodegenerative-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghizadeh Ghassab
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shamlou Mahmoudi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Taheri Tinjani
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armitasadat Emami Meibodi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Healy DR, Zarei I, Mikkonen S, Soininen S, Viitasalo A, Haapala EA, Auriola S, Hanhineva K, Kolehmainen M, Lakka TA. Longitudinal associations of an exposome score with serum metabolites from childhood to adolescence. Commun Biol 2024; 7:890. [PMID: 39039257 PMCID: PMC11263428 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental and lifestyle factors, including air pollution, impaired diet, and low physical activity, have been associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. However, environmental and lifestyle exposures do not exert their physiological effects in isolation. This study investigated associations between an exposome score to measure the impact of multiple exposures, including diet, physical activity, sleep duration, air pollution, and socioeconomic status, and serum metabolites measured using LC-MS and NMR, compared to the individual components of the score. A general population of 504 children aged 6-9 years at baseline was followed up for eight years. Data were analysed with linear mixed-effects models using the R software. The exposome score was associated with 31 metabolites, of which 12 metabolites were not associated with any individual exposure category. These findings highlight the value of a composite score to predict metabolic changes associated with multiple environmental and lifestyle exposures since childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Healy
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland.
| | - Iman Zarei
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Physician and Nursing Services, Health and Social Services Centre, Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Hall CV, Twelves JL, Saxena M, Scapozza L, Gurry T. Effects of a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement on HbA1c, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory biomarkers in pre-diabetes: a pilot placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2024; 132:68-76. [PMID: 38654680 PMCID: PMC11420881 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Prebiotic fibre represents a promising and efficacious treatment to manage pre-diabetes, acting via complementary pathways involving the gut microbiome and viscosity-related properties. In this study, we evaluated the effect of using a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement on glycaemic, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with pre-diabetes. Sixty-six patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes (yet not receiving glucose-lowering medications) were randomised into treatment (thirty-three) and placebo (thirty-three) interventions. Participants in the treatment arm consumed 20 g/d of a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement, and participants in the placebo arm consumed 2 g/d of cellulose for 24 weeks. A total of fifty-one and forty-eight participants completed the week 16 and week 24 visits, respectively. The intervention was well tolerated, with a high average adherence rate across groups. Our results extend upon previous work, showing a significant change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the treatment group but only in participants with lower baseline HbA1c levels (< 6 % HbA1c) (P = 0·05; treatment -0·17 ± 0·27 v. placebo 0·07 ± 0·29, mean ± sd). Within the whole cohort, we showed significant improvements in insulin sensitivity (P = 0·03; treatment 1·62 ± 5·79 v. placebo -0·77 ± 2·11) and C-reactive protein (P FWE = 0·03; treatment -2·02 ± 6·42 v. placebo 0·94 ± 2·28) in the treatment group compared with the placebo. Together, our results support the use of a diverse prebiotic fibre supplement for physiologically relevant biomarkers in pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manish Saxena
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gurry
- Myota GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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4
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Hosmer J, McEwan AG, Kappler U. Bacterial acetate metabolism and its influence on human epithelia. Emerg Top Life Sci 2024; 8:1-13. [PMID: 36945843 PMCID: PMC10903459 DOI: 10.1042/etls20220092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids are known modulators of host-microbe interactions and can affect human health, inflammation, and outcomes of microbial infections. Acetate is the most abundant but least well-studied of these modulators, with most studies focusing on propionate and butyrate, which are considered to be more potent. In this mini-review, we summarize current knowledge of acetate as an important anti-inflammatory modulator of interactions between hosts and microorganisms. This includes a summary of the pathways by which acetate is metabolized by bacteria and human cells, the functions of acetate in bacterial cells, and the impact that microbially derived acetate has on human immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hosmer
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Alastair G. McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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5
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Cheng J, Hu H, Ju Y, Liu J, Wang M, Liu B, Zhang Y. Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and depression: deep insight into biological mechanisms and potential applications. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101374. [PMID: 38390241 PMCID: PMC10882305 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem known as the 'second brain'. Composing the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate the central nervous system through neural, endocrine and immune pathways to ensure the normal functioning of the organism, tuning individuals' health and disease status. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main bioactive metabolites of the gut microbiota, are involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. SCFAs have essential effects on each component of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression. In the present review, the roles of major SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in the pathophysiology of depression are summarised with respect to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, host epigenome and neuroendocrine alterations. Concluding remarks on the biological mechanisms related to gut microbiota will hopefully address the clinical value of microbiota-related treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongkun Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Tang Y, Du J, Wu H, Wang M, Liu S, Tao F. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Chronic Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:191-203. [PMID: 36173071 PMCID: PMC10788890 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927092016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiome and relevant metabolites is essential for health, and its disturbance leads to various intestinal or extraintestinal diseases. Recent studies suggest that gut microbiome-derived metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are involved in different neurological disorders (such as chronic pain). SCFAs are produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers in the gut and contribute to multiple host processes, including gastrointestinal regulation, cardiovascular modulation, and neuroendocrine-immune homeostasis. Although SCFAs have been implicated in the modulation of chronic pain, the detailed mechanisms that underlie such roles of SCFAs remain to be further investigated. In this review, we summarize currently available research data regarding SCFAs as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain treatment and discuss several possible mechanisms by which SCFAs modulate chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Neurology of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Hongfeng Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sufang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Zhou JR, Thiagalingam S. Microbiota-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Depressive Disorders Are Targets for Nutritional and Probiotic Therapies. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2217. [PMID: 38137038 PMCID: PMC10742434 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex disorder and a leading cause of disability in 280 million people worldwide. Many environmental factors, such as microbes, drugs, and diet, are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression are complex and include the interaction of genetics with epigenetics and the host immune system. Modifications of the gut microbiome and its metabolites influence stress-related responses and social behavior in patients with depressive disorders by modulating the maturation of immune cells and neurogenesis in the brain mediated by epigenetic modifications. Here, we discuss the potential roles of a leaky gut in the development of depressive disorders via changes in gut microbiota-derived metabolites with epigenetic effects. Next, we will deliberate how altering the gut microbiome composition contributes to the development of depressive disorders via epigenetic alterations. In particular, we focus on how microbiota-derived metabolites such as butyrate as an epigenetic modifier, probiotics, maternal diet, polyphenols, drugs (e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antibiotics), and fecal microbiota transplantation could positively alleviate depressive-like behaviors by modulating the epigenetic landscape. Finally, we will discuss challenges associated with recent therapeutic approaches for depressive disorders via microbiome-related epigenetic shifts, as well as opportunities to tackle such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boson, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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8
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Wei H, Zhen L, Wang S, Yang L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Jia P, Wang T, Wang K, Zhang Y, Ma L, Lv J, Zhang P. Glyceryl triacetate promotes blood-brain barrier recovery after ischemic stroke through lipogenesis-mediated IL-33 in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:264. [PMID: 37968698 PMCID: PMC10648711 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism has a crucial role in neural repair in neurodegenerative diseases. We recently revealed that lipogenesis-mediated interleukin-33 (IL-33) upregulation lead to blood-brain barrier (BBB) repair after ischemic stroke. However, manipulating the key enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) to enhance lipogenesis was very challenging. Glyceryl triacetate (GTA) was used as a donor of acetate and precursor of acetyl coenzyme A, the key substrate for de novo lipogenesis catalyzed by FASN. Therefore, we hypothesized that GTA would promote lipogenesis the peri-infarct after ischemic stroke and contribute to the BBB repair through IL-33. METHODS Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on C57BL mice and GTA was gavage administrated (4 g/kg) on day 2 and 4 after MCAO. Lipogenesis was evaluated by assessment of the protein level of FASN, lipid droplets, and fatty acid products through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the peri-infarct area on day 3 after MCAO, respectively. BBB permeability was determined by extravasation of Evans blue, IgG and dextran, and levels of tight junction proteins in the peri-infarct area on day 7 after MCAO, respectively. Infarct size and neurological defects were assessed on day 7 after MCAO. Brain atrophy on day 30 and long-term sensorimotor abilities after MCAO were analyzed as well. The inhibitor of FASN, C75 and the virus-delivered FASN shRNA were used to evaluate the role of FASN-driven lipogenesis in GTA-improved BBB repair. Finally, the therapeutic potential of recombinant IL-33 on BBB repair and neurological recovery was evaluated. RESULTS We found that treatment with GTA increased the lipogenesis as evidenced by lipid droplets level and lauric acid content, but not the FASN protein level. Treatment with GTA increased the IL-33 level in the peri-infarct area and decreased the BBB permeability after MCAO. However, infarct size and neurological defect score were unchanged on day 7 after MCAO, while the long-term recovery of sensorimotor function and brain atrophy were improved by GTA. Inhibition of lipogenesis using C75 or FASN shRNA reversed the beneficial effect of GTA. Finally, exogenous IL-33 improved BBB repair and long-term functional recovery after stroke. CONCLUSION Collectively, we concluded that treatment with GTA improved the BBB repair and functional recovery after ischemic stroke, probably by the enhancement of lipogenesis and IL-33 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luming Zhen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liufei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengyu Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianrui Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengbo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Beloborodova N, Fadeev R, Fedotcheva N. Influence of Microbiota-Related Metabolites Associated with Inflammation and Sepsis on the Peroxidase Activity of Cyclooxygenase in Healthy Human Monocytes and Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16244. [PMID: 38003440 PMCID: PMC10671350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota produces metabolites that can enter the bloodstream and exert systemic effects on various functions in both healthy and pathological states. We have studied the participation of microbiota-related metabolites in bacterial infection by examining their influence on the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) as a key enzyme of inflammation. The influence of aromatic microbial metabolites, derivatives of phenylalanine (phenylpropionic acid, PPA), tyrosine (4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, HPLA), and tryptophan (indolacetic acids, IAA), the concentrations of which in the blood change notably during sepsis, was evaluated. Also, the effect of itaconic acid (ITA) was studied, which is formed in macrophages under the action of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and appears in the blood in the early stages of infection. Metabiotic acetyl phosphate (AcP) as a strong acetylating agent was also tested. The activity of COX was measured via the TMPD oxidation colorimetric assay using the commercial pure enzyme, cultured healthy monocytes, and the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. All metabolites in the concentration range of 100-500 μM lowered the activity of COX. The most pronounced inhibition was observed on the commercial pure enzyme, reaching up to 40% in the presence of AcP and 20-30% in the presence of the other metabolites. On cell lysates, the effect of metabolites was preserved, although it significantly decreased, probably due to their interaction with other targets subject to redox-dependent and acetylation processes. The possible contribution of the redox-dependent action of microbial metabolites was confirmed by assessing the activity of the enzyme in the presence of thiol reagents and in model conditions, when the COX-formed peroxy intermediate was replaced with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH). The data show the involvement of the microbial metabolites in the regulation of COX activity, probably due to their influence on the peroxidase activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Beloborodova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka St., 107031 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Roman Fadeev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Nadezhda Fedotcheva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25-2 Petrovka St., 107031 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Institutskaya St., 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
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10
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Tanelian A, Nankova B, Hu F, Sahawneh JD, Sabban EL. Effect of acetate supplementation on traumatic stress-induced behavioral impairments in male rats. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100572. [PMID: 37781563 PMCID: PMC10539924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and their metabolites have emerged as key players in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recently, we demonstrated that animals susceptible to Single Prolonged Stress (SPS) have an overall pro-inflammatory gut microbiota and significantly lower cecal acetate levels than SPS-resilient rats, which correlated inversely with the anxiety index. Here, we investigated whether the microbial metabolite, acetate, could ameliorate SPS-triggered impairments. Male rats were randomly divided into unstressed controls or groups exposed to SPS. The groups received continued oral supplementation of either 150 mM of sodium acetate or 150 mM of sodium chloride-matched water. Two weeks after SPS, a battery of behavioral tests was performed, and the animals were euthanized the following day. While not affecting the unstressed controls, acetate supplementation reduced the impact of SPS on body weight gain and ameliorated SPS-induced anxiety-like behavior and the impairments in social interaction, but not depressive-like behavior. These changes were accompanied by several beneficial effects of acetate supplementation. Acetate alleviated the stress response by reducing urinary epinephrine levels, induced epigenetic modification by decreasing histone deacetylase (HDAC2) gene expression, inhibited neuroinflammation by reducing the density of Iba1+ cells and the gene expression of IL-1ß in the hippocampus, and increased serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The findings reveal a causal relationship between oral acetate treatment and mitigation of several SPS-induced behavioral impairments. Mechanistically, it impacted neuronal and metabolic pathways including changes in stress response, epigenetic modifications, neuroinflammation and showed novel link to ketone body production. The study demonstrates the preventive-therapeutic potential of acetate supplementation to alleviate adverse responses to traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arax Tanelian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Bistra Nankova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Furong Hu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jordan D. Sahawneh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Esther L. Sabban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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11
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Chang YH, Yanckello LM, Chlipala GE, Green SJ, Aware C, Runge A, Xing X, Chen A, Wenger K, Flemister A, Wan C, Lin AL. Prebiotic inulin enhances gut microbial metabolism and anti-inflammation in apolipoprotein E4 mice with sex-specific implications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15116. [PMID: 37704738 PMCID: PMC10499887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis has been identified as a crucial factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development for apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) carriers. Inulin has shown the potential to mitigate dysbiosis. However, it remains unclear whether the dietary response varies depending on sex. In the study, we fed 4-month-old APOE4 mice with inulin for 16 weeks and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing to determine changes in microbiome diversity, taxonomy, and functional gene pathways. We also formed the same experiments with APOE3 mice to identify whether there are APOE-genotype dependent responses to inulin. We found that APOE4 female mice fed with inulin had restored alpha diversity, significantly reduced Escherichia coli and inflammation-associated pathway responses. However, compared with APOE4 male mice, they had less metabolic responses, including the levels of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria and the associated kinases, especially those related to acetate and Erysipelotrichaceae. These diet- and sex- effects were less pronounced in the APOE3 mice, indicating that different APOE variants also play a significant role. The findings provide insights into the higher susceptibility of APOE4 females to AD, potentially due to inefficient energy production, and imply the importance of considering precision nutrition for mitigating dysbiosis and AD risk in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Lucille M Yanckello
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - George E Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chetan Aware
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Amelia Runge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Anna Chen
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Kathryn Wenger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Abeoseh Flemister
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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12
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The Bridge Between Ischemic Stroke and Gut Microbes: Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:543-559. [PMID: 35347532 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are monocarboxylates produced by the gut microbiota (GM) and result from the interaction between diet and GM. An increasing number of studies about the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) indicated that SCFAs may be a crucial mediator in the MGBA, but their roles have not been fully clarified. In addition, there are few studies directly exploring the role of SCFAs as a potential regulator of microbial targeted interventions in ischemic stroke, especially for clinical studies. This review summarizes the recent studies concerning the relationship between ischemic stroke and GM and outlines the role of SCFAs as a bridge between them. The potential mechanisms by which SCFAs affect ischemic stroke are described. Finally, the beneficial effects of SFCAs-mediated therapeutic measures such as diet, dietary supplements (e.g., probiotics and prebiotics), fecal microbiota transplantation, and drugs on ischemic brain injury are also discussed.
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Caetano-Silva ME, Rund L, Hutchinson NT, Woods JA, Steelman AJ, Johnson RW. Inhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2819. [PMID: 36797287 PMCID: PMC9935636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a vital role maintaining brain homeostasis but can also cause persistent neuroinflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the intestinal microbiota have been suggested to regulate microglia inflammation indirectly by signaling through the gut-brain axis or directly by reaching the brain. The present work evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia from mice fed inulin, a soluble fiber that is fermented by intestinal microbiota to produce SCFAs in vivo, and SCFAs applied to primary microglia in vitro. Feeding mice inulin increased SCFAs in the cecum and in plasma collected from the hepatic portal vein. Microglia isolated from mice fed inulin and stimulated with LPS in vitro secreted less tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) compared to microglia from mice not given inulin. Additionally, when mice were fed inulin and injected i.p with LPS, the ex vivo secretion of TNF-α by isolated microglia was lower than that secreted by microglia from mice not fed inulin and injected with LPS. Similarly, in vitro treatment of primary microglia with acetate and butyrate either alone or in combination downregulated microglia cytokine production with the effects being additive. SCFAs reduced histone deacetylase activity and nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation after LPS treatment in vitro. Whereas microglia expression of SCFA receptors Ffar2 or Ffar3 was not detected by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, the SCFA transporters Mct1 and Mct4 were. Nevertheless, inhibiting monocarboxylate transporters on primary microglia did not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs, suggesting that if SCFAs produced in the gut regulate microglia directly it is likely through an epigenetic mechanism following diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Noah T Hutchinson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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14
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Church JS, Bannish JAM, Adrian LA, Rojas Martinez K, Henshaw A, Schwartzer JJ. Serum short chain fatty acids mediate hippocampal BDNF and correlate with decreasing neuroinflammation following high pectin fiber diet in mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1134080. [PMID: 37123365 PMCID: PMC10130583 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1134080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary components, such as prebiotic fiber, are known to impact brain chemistry via the gut-brain axis. In particular, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from excessive soluble fiber consumption are thought to impact neuroimmune signaling and brain function through increased production of neurotropic factors. Given reports that high dietary fiber intake is associated with increased mental health and improved quality of life scores, we set out to identify whether changes in SCFA levels as a result of a high soluble fiber diet mediate hippocampal neuroinflammation and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice. Methods Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice were fed a 1-month high pectin fiber or cellulose-based control diet. Following 1 month of excessive pectin consumption, serum SCFAs were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and hippocampal cytokines and BDNF were assessed via multiplex magnetic bead immunoassay. Results Pectin-based fiber diet increased circulating acetic acid in both sexes, with no effect on propionic or butyric acid. In the hippocampus, a high fiber diet decreased TNFa, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IFNγ and increased BDNF levels. Furthermore, increased SCFA levels were inversely correlated with neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, with acetic acid revealed as a strong mediator of increased BDNF production. Conclusion Collectively, these findings highlight the beneficial effects of fiber-induced molecular changes in a brain region known to influence mood- and cognition-related behaviors. Dietary composition should be considered when developing mental health management plans for men and women with an emphasis on increasing soluble fiber intake.
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Glyceryl triacetate feeding in mice increases plasma acetate levels but has no anticonvulsant effects in acute electrical seizure models. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 137:108964. [PMID: 36343532 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetate has been shown to have neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. It is oxidized by astrocytes and can thus provide auxiliary energy to the brain in addition to glucose. Therefore, we hypothesized that it may protect against seizures, which is investigated here by feeding glyceryl triacetate (GTA), to provide high amounts of acetate without raising sodium or acid levels. METHOD CD1 male mice were fed controlled diets with or without GTA for up to three weeks. Body weights, blood glucose levels, plasma short-chain fatty acid levels, and other hematological parameters were monitored. Seizure thresholds were determined in 6 Hz and maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) tests. Antioxidant capacities were evaluated in the cerebral cortex and plasma using a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. RESULTS Body weight gain was similar with both diets with and without GTA in two experiments. Glyceryl triacetate-fed groups showed 2-3- and 1.6-fold increased acetate and propionate levels in plasma, respectively. Glucose levels were unaltered in blood collected from the tail tip but increased in trunk blood. No differences were found in the activity of cerebral cortex acetyl-CoA synthetase. In the 6 Hz threshold test, seizure thresholds were lower by 3 mA and 2.4 mA after 8 and 14 days, respectively, in the GTA compared to the control diet-fed group, but showed no difference on day 16, showing that GTA has small, but inconsistent proconvulsant effects in this model. In MEST tests, a slightly increased seizure threshold (1 mA) was found on day 19 in the GTA-fed group, but not in another experiment on day 21. There were no differences in antioxidant capacity in plasma or cortex between the two groups. CONCLUSION Glyceryl triacetate feeding showed no antioxidant effects nor beneficial changes in acute electrical seizure threshold mouse models, despite its ability to increase plasma acetate levels.
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16
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Anderson RC. Can probiotics mitigate age-related neuroinflammation leading to improved cognitive outcomes? Front Nutr 2022; 9:1012076. [PMID: 36505245 PMCID: PMC9729724 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1012076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain structure and cognitive function are a natural part of aging; however, in some cases these changes are more severe resulting in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence is mounting to show that neuroinflammation is an underlying risk factor for neurodegenerative disease progression. Age-related neuroinflammation does not appear to occur in isolation and is part of increased systemic inflammation, which may in turn be triggered by changes in the gut associated with aging. These include an increase in gut permeability, which allows immune triggering compounds into the body, and alterations in gut microbiota composition leading to dysbiosis. It therefore follows that, treatments that can maintain healthy gut function may reduce inflammation and protect against, or improve, symptoms of age-associated neurodegeneration. The aim of this mini review was to evaluate whether probiotics could be used for this purpose. The analysis concluded that there is preliminary evidence to suggest that specific probiotics may improve cognitive function, particularly in those with MCI; however, this is not yet convincing and larger, multilocation, studies focus on the effects of probiotics alone are required. In addition, studies that combine assessment of cognition alongside analysis of inflammatory biomarkers and gut function are needed. Immense gains could be made to the quality of life of the aging population should the hypothesis be proven to be correct.
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17
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Voigt RM, Zalta AK, Raeisi S, Zhang L, Brown JM, Forsyth CB, Boley RA, Held P, Pollack MH, Keshavarzian A. Abnormal intestinal milieu in posttraumatic stress disorder is not impacted by treatment that improves symptoms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G61-G70. [PMID: 35638693 PMCID: PMC9291416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00066.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder, resulting from exposure to traumatic events. Current recommended first-line interventions for the treatment of PTSD include evidence-based psychotherapies, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Psychotherapies are effective for reducing PTSD symptoms, but approximately two-thirds of veterans continue to meet diagnostic criteria for PTSD after treatment, suggesting there is an incomplete understanding of what factors sustain PTSD. The intestine can influence the brain and this study evaluated intestinal readouts in subjects with PTSD. Serum samples from controls without PTSD (n = 40) from the Duke INTRuST Program were compared with serum samples from veterans with PTSD (n = 40) recruited from the Road Home Program at Rush University Medical Center. Assessments included microbial metabolites, intestinal barrier, and intestinal epithelial cell function. In addition, intestinal readouts were assessed in subjects with PTSD before and after a 3-wk CPT-based intensive treatment program (ITP) to understand if treatment impacts the intestine. Compared with controls, veterans with PTSD had a proinflammatory intestinal environment including lower levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, such as acetic, lactic, and succinic acid, intestinal barrier dysfunction [lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein], an increase in HMGB1, and a concurrent increase in the number of intestinal epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. The ITP improved PTSD symptoms but no changes in intestinal outcomes were noted. This study confirms the intestine is abnormal in subjects with PTSD and suggests that effective treatment of PTSD does not alter intestinal readouts. Targeting beneficial changes in the intestine may be an approach to enhance existing PTSD treatments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study confirms an abnormal intestinal environment is present in subjects with PTSD. This study adds to what is already known by examining the intestinal barrier and evaluating the relationship between intestinal readouts and PTSD symptoms and is the first to report the impact of PTSD treatment (which improves symptoms) on intestinal readouts. This study suggests that targeting the intestine as an adjunct approach could improve the treatment of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Voigt
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyson K Zalta
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy A Boley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Philip Held
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Center for Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago Illinois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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18
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Hsu CN, Yu HR, Chan JYH, Lee WC, Wu KLH, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Tain YL. Maternal Acetate Supplementation Reverses Blood Pressure Increase in Male Offspring Induced by Exposure to Minocycline during Pregnancy and Lactation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147924. [PMID: 35887270 PMCID: PMC9319590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that hypertension can be programmed or reprogrammed by maternal nutrition. Maternal exposures during pregnancy, such as maternal nutrition or antibiotic use, could alter the offspring’s gut microbiota. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the major gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Acetate, the most dominant SCFA, has shown its antihypertensive effect. Limited information exists regarding whether maternal acetate supplementation can prevent maternal minocycline-induced hypertension in adult offspring. We exposed pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to normal diet (ND), minocycline (MI, 50 mg/kg/day), magnesium acetate (AC, 200 mmol/L in drinking water), and MI + AC from gestation to lactation period. At 12 weeks of age, four groups (n = 8/group) of male progeny were sacrificed. Maternal acetate supplementation protected adult offspring against minocycline-induced hypertension. Minocycline administration reduced plasma acetic acid level, which maternal acetate supplementation prevented. Additionally, acetate supplementation increased the protein level of SCFA receptor G protein-coupled receptor 41 in the offspring kidneys. Further, minocycline administration and acetate supplementation significantly altered gut microbiota composition. Maternal acetate supplementation protected minocycline-induced hypertension accompanying by the increases in genera Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Coprococcus. In sum, our results cast new light on targeting gut microbial metabolites as early interventions to prevent the development of hypertension, which could help alleviate the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.Y.H.C.); (K.L.H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Qian XH, Xie RY, Liu XL, Chen SD, Tang HD. Mechanisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Derived from Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1252-1266. [PMID: 35855330 PMCID: PMC9286902 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites derived from the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. SCFAs participate a number of physiological and pathological processes in the human body, such as host metabolism, immune regulation, appetite regulation. Recent studies on gut-brain interaction have shown that SCFAs are important mediators of gut-brain interactions and are involved in the occurrence and development of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the current research on the potential roles and mechanisms of SCFAs in AD. First, we introduce the metabolic distribution, specific receptors and signaling pathways of SCFAs in human body. The concentration levels of SCFAs in AD patient/animal models are then summarized. In addition, we illustrate the effects and mechanisms of SCFAs on the cognitive level, pathological features (Aβ and tau) and neuroinflammation in AD. Finally, we analyze the translational value of SCFAs as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-hang Qian
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Ru-yan Xie
- Shanghai Guangci Memorial hospital, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South Campus, Shanghai 201406, China.
| | - Sheng-di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen () and Dr. Hui-dong Tang (), Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-dong Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sheng-di Chen () and Dr. Hui-dong Tang (), Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:43. [PMID: 35715821 PMCID: PMC9204954 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A consequence of our progressively ageing global population is the increasing prevalence of worldwide age-related cognitive decline and dementia. In the absence of effective therapeutic interventions, identifying risk factors associated with cognitive decline becomes increasingly vital. Novel perspectives suggest that a dynamic bidirectional communication system between the gut, its microbiome, and the central nervous system, commonly referred to as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, may be a contributing factor for cognitive health and disease. However, the exact mechanisms remain undefined. Microbial-derived metabolites produced in the gut can cross the intestinal epithelial barrier, enter systemic circulation and trigger physiological responses both directly and indirectly affecting the central nervous system and its functions. Dysregulation of this system (i.e., dysbiosis) can modulate cytotoxic metabolite production, promote neuroinflammation and negatively impact cognition. In this review, we explore critical connections between microbial-derived metabolites (secondary bile acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), tryptophan derivatives and others) and their influence upon cognitive function and neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular interest in their less-explored role as risk factors of cognitive decline.
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21
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Olaniyi KS, Areloegbe SE. Suppression of PCSK9/NF-kB-dependent pathways by acetate ameliorates cardiac inflammation in a rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Life Sci 2022; 300:120560. [PMID: 35452635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endocrinometabolic disorders in women of reproductive age, including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has contributed to increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and its attendant complications. Acetate, the most abundant endogenously produced short chain fatty acid has been linked to metabolic health. However, the impact of acetate on CVD-driven pathologies in PCOS is unknown. The present study therefore investigated the effects of acetate on cardiometabolic abnormalities associated with PCOS in rat model, and the possible involvement of PCSK9/NF-kB-dependent pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were allotted into four groups (n = 6) and the groups received vehicle, acetate (200 mg/kg), letrozole (1 mg/kg) and letrozole plus acetate respectively. The administrations were done once daily by oral gavage and lasted for 21 days. KEY FINDINGS In letrozole-induced PCOS rats characterized with insulin resistance, glucose dysregulation, elevated plasma testosterone and decreased 17-β estradiol as well as degenerated ovarian follicles, there was a significant increase in plasma and cardiac lipid/lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory mediators (NF-kB and TNF-α), γ-glutamyl transferase/lactate dehydrogenase and lactate content, PCSK9 and reduction in plasma and cardiac antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione) and plasma nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS and NO) compared with the control rats. In addition, immunohistochemical assessment of cardiac tissue showed severe expression of inflammasome in letrozole-induced PCOS rats compared with the control rats. Nevertheless, supplementation with acetate significantly attenuated these alterations. SIGNIFICANCE The present results suggest that acetate protects against cardiac inflammation in a rat model of PCOS by suppression of PCSK9 and NF-kB-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria.
| | - Stephanie E Areloegbe
- Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria
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22
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Olaniyi KS, Atuma CL, Mahmud H, Saidi AO, Sabinari IW, Akintayo CO, Ajadi IO, Olatunji LA. Restoration of cardiac metabolic flexibility by acetate in high fat diet-induced obesity is independent of ANP/BNP modulation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:509-520. [PMID: 35395159 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study hypothesized that cardiac metabolic inflexibility is dependent on cardiac ANP/BNP alteration and HDAC activity. We further sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of SCFA, acetate in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rat model. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into groups (n = 6/group): Control, Obese, Sodium acetate (NaAc)-treated and Obese+ NaAc-treated groups received distilled water once daily (oral gavage), 40% HFD ad libitum, 200 mg/kg NaAc once daily (oral gavage) and 40% HFD+NaAc respectively. The treatments lasted for 12 weeks. HFD resulted in increased food intake, body weight and cardiac mass. It also caused insulin resistance and enhanced β-cell function, increased fasting insulin, lactate, plasma and cardiac triglyceride, total cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, IL-6, HDAC and cardiac troponin T and γ-Glutamyl transferase and decreased plasma and cardiac GSH with unaltered cardiac ANP and BNP. However, these alterations were averted when treated with acetate. Taken together, these results indicate that obesity induces defective cardiac metabolic flexibility, which is accompanied by elevated level of HDAC and not ANP/BNP alteration. The results also suggest that acetate ameliorates obesity-induced cardiac metabolic inflexibility by suppression of HDAC and independent of ANP/BNP modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- Afe Babalola University, 470822, Department of Physiology, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.,College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin P, Department of Physiology, Ilorin, Nigeria;
| | - Chukwubueze L Atuma
- Afe Babalola University, 470822, Department of Physiology, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria;
| | - Hadiza Mahmud
- Afe Babalola University, 470822, Department of Physiology, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria;
| | - Azeezat O Saidi
- Afe Babalola University, 470822, Department of Physiology, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria;
| | | | - Christopher O Akintayo
- Afe Babalola University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, 473846, Cardio/Repro-metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria;
| | - Isaac O Ajadi
- Ladoke Akintola University of Technology College of Health Sciences, 215747, Department of Physiology, Osogbo, Osun, Nigeria;
| | - Lawrence A Olatunji
- College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin P, Department of Physiology, Ilorin, Nigeria;
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23
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Abstract
Hypertension is a worldwide problem with major impacts on health including morbidity and mortality, as well as consumption of health care resources. Nearly 50% of American adults have high blood pressure, and this rate is rising. Even with multiple antihypertensive drugs and aggressive lifestyle modifications, blood pressure is inadequately controlled in about 1 of 5 hypertensive individuals. This review highlights a hypothesis for hypertension that suggests alternative mechanisms for blood pressure elevation and maintenance. A better understanding of these mechanisms could open avenues for more successful treatments. The hypothesis accounts for recent understandings of the involvement of gut physiology, gut microbiota, and neuroinflammation in hypertension. It includes bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and gut epithelium in the gut-brain axis that is involved in regulation of autonomic nervous system activity and blood pressure control. Dysfunction of this gut-brain axis, including dysbiosis of gut microbiota, gut epithelial dysfunction, and deranged input to the brain, contributes to hypertension via inflammatory mediators, metabolites, bacteria in the circulation, afferent information alterations, etc resulting in neuroinflammation and unbalanced autonomic nervous system activity that elevates blood pressure. This in turn negatively affects gut function and its microbiota exacerbating the problem. We focus this review on the gut-brain axis hypothesis for hypertension and possible contribution to racial disparities in hypertension. A novel idea, that immunoglobulin A-coated bacteria originating in the gut with access to the brain could be involved in hypertension, is raised. Finally, minocycline, with its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, is evaluated as a potential antihypertensive drug acting on this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Richards
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Bruce R Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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24
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Hall CV, Harrison BJ, Iyer KK, Savage HS, Zakrzewski M, Simms LA, Radford-Smith G, Moran RJ, Cocchi L. Microbiota links to neural dynamics supporting threat processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:733-749. [PMID: 34811847 PMCID: PMC8720184 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition that the composition of the gut microbiota influences behaviour, including responses to threat. The cognitive‐interoceptive appraisal of threat‐related stimuli relies on dynamic neural computations between the anterior insular (AIC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) cortices. If, to what extent, and how microbial consortia influence the activity of this cortical threat processing circuitry is unclear. We addressed this question by combining a threat processing task, neuroimaging, 16S rRNA profiling and computational modelling in healthy participants. Results showed interactions between high‐level ecological indices with threat‐related AIC‐dACC neural dynamics. At finer taxonomic resolutions, the abundance of Ruminococcus was differentially linked to connectivity between, and activity within the AIC and dACC during threat updating. Functional inference analysis provides a strong rationale to motivate future investigations of microbiota‐derived metabolites in the observed relationship with threat‐related brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Hall
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kartik K Iyer
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah S Savage
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Zakrzewski
- Gut Health LAB, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa A Simms
- Gut Health LAB, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- Gut Health LAB, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosalyn J Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Abstract
The gut microbiome influences many host physiologies, spanning gastrointestinal function, metabolism, immune homeostasis, neuroactivity, and behavior. Many microbial effects on the host are orchestrated by bidirectional interactions between the microbiome and immune system. Imbalances in this dialogue can lead to immune dysfunction and immune-mediated conditions in distal organs including the brain. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and dysregulated neuroimmune responses are common comorbidities of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders, highlighting the importance of the gut microbiome–neuroimmune axis as a regulator of central nervous system homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent evidence supporting a role for the gut microbiome in regulating the neuroimmune landscape in health and disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis W. Yu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;, ,
| | - Gulistan Agirman
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;, ,
| | - Elaine Y. Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;, ,
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26
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Olaniyi KS, Akintayo CO, Oniyide AA, Omoaghe AO, Oyeleke MB, Fafure AA. Acetate supplementation restores testicular function by modulating Nrf2/PPAR-γ in high fat diet-induced obesity in Wistar rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1685-1696. [PMID: 34900819 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have established impaired testicular function in obese male population, including the young males with childhood obesity, contributing to increased male infertility, which is a universal trend in the last few decades. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been recently demonstrated to inhibit progression to metabolic comorbidities. The present study therefore hypothesized that SCFAs, acetate attenuates testicular dysfunction in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rat model, possibly by modulating Nrf2/PPAR-γ. Methods Adult male Wistar rats weighing 160-190 g were randomly allotted into three groups (n = 6/group): The groups received vehicle (distilled water), 40% HFD and sodium acetate (200 mg/kg) plus 40% HFD respectively. The administration lasted for 12 weeks. Results HFD caused obesity, which is characterized with increased body weight and visceral adiposity and insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia. In addition, it increased testicular lipid deposition, malondialdehyde, pro-inflammatory mediators, lactate/pyruvate ratio, γ-Glutamyl transferase, and circulating leptin as well as decreased testicular glutathione, nitric oxide, Nrf2, PPAR-γ and circulating follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone without a significant change in testicular lactate dehydrogenase, blood glucose and luteinizing hormone when compared to the control group. Nevertheless, administration of acetate reversed the HFD-induced alterations. Conclusion The present results demonstrates that HFD causes obesity-driven testicular dysfunction, associated with testicular lipid deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The study in addition suggests the restoration of testicular function in obese animals by acetate, an effect that is accompanied by elevated Nrf2/PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde S Olaniyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria.,Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria
| | - Christopher O Akintayo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria
| | - Adesola A Oniyide
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria
| | - Adams O Omoaghe
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria
| | - Mosunmola B Oyeleke
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria
| | - Adedamola A Fafure
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101 Nigeria
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27
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Olaniyi KS, Owolabi MN, Atuma CL, Agunbiade TB, Alabi BY. Acetate rescues defective brain-adipose metabolic network in obese Wistar rats by modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18967. [PMID: 34556775 PMCID: PMC8460633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the hypothesis that acetate ameliorates brain-adipose metabolic dysfunction (BAMED) in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, possibly by modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Ten-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6/group): Control, acetate and obese with or without acetate groups received vehicle (distilled water; po), acetate (200 mg/kg, po) and 40% HFD with or without acetate respectively. The treatments lasted for 12 weeks. Obese animals showed increase in body weight, visceral fat mass, insulin and triglyceride-glucose index and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. In addition, obese animals also showed increase in plasma/hypothalamic and adipose pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4, lactate-pyruvate ratio, malondialdehyde, γ-glutamyl transferase, and a decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione, nitric oxide and PPAR-γ. HFD also elevated plasma/hypothalamic lipid and decreased adipose lipid profile, increased hypothalamic and adipose tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and histone deacetylase (HDAC), and elevated plasma/adipose leptin. These alterations were reversed by concomitant administration of acetate. The present results demonstrate that obesity is characterized by BAMED, which is accompanied by altered HDAC/PPAR-γ. The results in addition suggest that acetate, an HDAC inhibitor rescues BAMED with consequent normalization of body weight and visceral fat mass by modulation of PPAR-γ and suppression of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- Cardio/Repro-Metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria.
| | - Morounkeji Nicole Owolabi
- Cardio/Repro-Metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Chukwubueze Lucky Atuma
- Cardio/Repro-Metabolic and Microbiome Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Toluwani Bosede Agunbiade
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, 360101, Nigeria
| | - Bolanle Yemisi Alabi
- Department of Hematology and Virology, University of Medical Science Teaching Hospital Complex, Akure, Nigeria
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28
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Tanabe J, Neff S, Sutton B, Ellis S, Patten L, Brown MS, Hoffman PL, Tabakoff B, Burnham EL. Effects of acetate on cerebral blood flow, systemic inflammation, and behavior in alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:922-933. [PMID: 33682145 PMCID: PMC8496991 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are associated with altered regulation of physiological processes in the brain. Acetate, a metabolite of ethanol, has been implicated in several processes that are disrupted in AUDs including transcriptional regulation, metabolism, inflammation, and neurotransmission. To further understand the effects of acetate on brain function in AUDs, we investigated the effects of acetate on cerebral blood flow (CBF), systemic inflammatory cytokines, and behavior in AUD. METHODS Sixteen participants with AUD were recruited from a nonmedical, clinically managed detoxification center. Each participant received acetate and placebo in a randomly assigned order of infusion and underwent 3T MR scanning using quantitative pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. Participants and the study team were blinded to the infusion. CBF values (ml/100 g/min) extracted from thalamus were compared between placebo and acetate using a mixed effect linear regression model accounting for infusion order. Voxel-wise CBF comparisons were set at threshold of p < 0.05 cluster-corrected for multiple comparisons, voxel-level p < 0.0001. Plasma cytokine levels and behavior were also assessed between infusions. RESULTS Fifteen men and 1 woman were enrolled with Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores between 13 and 38 with a mean of 28.3 ± 9.1. Compared to placebo, acetate administration increased CBF in the thalamus bilaterally (Left: 51.2 vs. 68.8, p < 0.001; Right: 53.7 vs. 69.6, p = 0.001), as well as the cerebellum, brainstem, and cortex. Older age and higher AUDIT scores were associated with increases in acetate-induced thalamic blood flow. Cytokine levels and behavioral measures did not differ between placebo and acetate infusions. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study in AUD suggests that during the first week of abstinence from alcohol, the brain's response to acetate differs by brain region and this response may be associated with the severity of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Sarah Neff
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Brianne Sutton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Sam Ellis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Luke Patten
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Mark S. Brown
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Paula L. Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
| | - Ellen L. Burnham
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045
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29
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Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Mould RR, Shinjyo N, Bligh SWA, Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Thomas EL, Bell JD. Acetate Induces Growth Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Front Nutr 2021; 8:588466. [PMID: 33937302 PMCID: PMC8081909 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.588466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate is one of the main short chain fatty acids produced in the colon when fermentable carbohydrates are digested. It has been shown to affect normal metabolism, modulating mitochondrial function, and fatty acid oxidation. Currently, there is no clear consensus regarding the effects of acetate on tumorigenesis and cancer metabolism. Here, we investigate the metabolic effects of acetate on colon cancer. HT29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines were treated with acetate and its effect on mitochondrial proliferation, reactive oxygen species, density, permeability transition pore, cellular bioenergetics, gene expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSS1) and 2 (ACSS2), and lipid levels were investigated. Acetate was found to reduce proliferation of both cell lines under normoxia as well as reducing glycolysis; it was also found to increase both oxygen consumption and ROS levels. Cell death observed was independent of ACSS1/2 expression. Under hypoxic conditions, reduced proliferation was maintained in the HT29 cell line but no longer observed in the HCT116 cell line. ACSS2 expression together with cellular lipid levels was increased in both cell lines under hypoxia which may partly protect cells from the anti-proliferative effects of reversed Warburg effect caused by acetate. The findings from this study suggest that effect of acetate on proliferation is a consequence of its impact on mitochondrial metabolism and during normoxia is independent of ACCS1/2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliz Sahuri-Arisoylu
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Health Innovation Ecosystem, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys R Mould
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Noriko Shinjyo
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - S W Annie Bligh
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of Higher Education, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alistair V W Nunn
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey W Guy
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Louise Thomas
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre of Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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30
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Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040572. [PMID: 33917812 PMCID: PMC8068152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite at the crossroads of central metabolism and the substrate of histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression. In many tissues fasting or lifespan extending calorie restriction (CR) decreases glucose-derived metabolic flux through ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) to reduce cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to decrease activity of the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulating pro-longevity autophagy. Because of this, compounds that decrease cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA have been described as CR mimetics. But few authors have highlighted the potential longevity promoting roles of nuclear acetyl-CoA. For example, increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA levels increases histone acetylation and administration of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increases longevity through increased histone acetylation. Therefore, increased nuclear acetyl-CoA likely plays an important role in promoting longevity. Although cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) promotes aging by decreasing autophagy in some peripheral tissues, increased glial AMPK activity or neuronal differentiation can stimulate ACSS2 nuclear translocation and chromatin association. ACSS2 nuclear translocation can result in increased activity of CREB binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and other HATs to increase histone acetylation on the promoter of neuroprotective genes including transcription factor EB (TFEB) target genes resulting in increased lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Much of what is known regarding acetyl-CoA metabolism and aging has come from pioneering studies with yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes. These studies have identified evolutionary conserved roles for histone acetylation in promoting longevity. Future studies should focus on the role of nuclear acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in the control of hypothalamic inflammation, an important driver of organismal aging.
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31
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Alves ALV, Gomes INF, Carloni AC, Rosa MN, da Silva LS, Evangelista AF, Reis RM, Silva VAO. Role of glioblastoma stem cells in cancer therapeutic resistance: a perspective on antineoplastic agents from natural sources and chemical derivatives. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:206. [PMID: 33762015 PMCID: PMC7992331 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest-grade form of glioma, as well as one of the most aggressive types of cancer, exhibiting rapid cellular growth and highly invasive behavior. Despite significant advances in diagnosis and therapy in recent decades, the outcomes for high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III-IV) remain unfavorable, with a median overall survival time of 15–18 months. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has emerged and provided new insight into GBM resistance and management. CSCs can self-renew and initiate tumor growth and are also responsible for tumor cell heterogeneity and the induction of systemic immunosuppression. The idea that GBM resistance could be dependent on innate differences in the sensitivity of clonogenic glial stem cells (GSCs) to chemotherapeutic drugs/radiation prompted the scientific community to rethink the understanding of GBM growth and therapies directed at eliminating these cells or modulating their stemness. This review aims to describe major intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that mediate chemoradioresistant GSCs and therapies based on antineoplastic agents from natural sources, derivatives, and synthetics used alone or in synergistic combination with conventional treatment. We will also address ongoing clinical trials focused on these promising targets. Although the development of effective therapy for GBM remains a major challenge in molecular oncology, GSC knowledge can offer new directions for a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura V Alves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabela N F Gomes
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Carloni
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela N Rosa
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane S da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane F Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909, Braga, Portugal
| | - Viviane Aline O Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, CEP 14784 400, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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32
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Huang W, Hu W, Cai L, Zeng G, Fang W, Dai X, Ye Q, Chen X, Zhang J. Acetate supplementation produces antidepressant-like effect via enhanced histone acetylation. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:51-60. [PMID: 33290927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal energy metabolism is often documented in the brain of patients and rodents with depression. In metabolic stress, acetate serves as an important source of acetyl coenzyme A (Ac-CoA). However, its exact role and underlying mechanism remain to be investigated. METHOD We used chronic social failure stress (CSDS) to induce depression-like phenotype of C57BL/6J mice. The drugs were administered by gavage. We evaluated the depressive symptoms by sucrose preference test, social interaction, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. The dendritic branches and spine density were detected by Golgi staining, mRNA level was analyzed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, protein expression level was detected by western blot, and the content of Ac-CoA was detected by ELISA kit. RESULT The present study found that acetate supplementation significantly improved the depression-like behaviors of mice either in acute forced swimming test (FST) or in CSDS model and that acetate administration enhanced the dendritic branches and spine density of the CA1 pyramidal neurons. Moreover, the down-regulated levels of BDNF and TrkB were rescued in the acetate-treated mice. Of note, chronic acetate treatment obviously lowered the transcription level of HDAC2, HDAC5, HDAC7, HDAC8, increased the transcription level of HAT and P300, and boosted the content of Ac-CoA in the nucleus, which facilitated the acetylation levels of histone H3 and H4. LIMITATIONS The effect of acetate supplementation on other brain regions is not further elucidated. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that acetate supplementation can produce antidepressant-like effects by increasing histone acetylation and improving synaptic plasticity in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Wenming Hu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Guirong Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Wenting Fang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Xiaoman Dai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China.
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Golriz Khatami S, Domingo-Fernández D, Mubeen S, Hoyt CT, Robinson C, Karki R, Iyappan A, Kodamullil AT, Hofmann-Apitius M. A Systems Biology Approach for Hypothesizing the Effect of Genetic Variants on Neuroimaging Features in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:831-840. [PMID: 33554913 PMCID: PMC8075382 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging markers provide quantitative insight into brain structure and function in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, where we lack mechanistic insights to explain pathophysiology. These mechanisms are often mediated by genes and genetic variations and are often studied through the lens of genome-wide association studies. Linking these two disparate layers (i.e., imaging and genetic variation) through causal relationships between biological entities involved in the disease's etiology would pave the way to large-scale mechanistic reasoning and interpretation. OBJECTIVE We explore how genetic variants may lead to functional alterations of intermediate molecular traits, which can further impact neuroimaging hallmarks over a series of biological processes across multiple scales. METHODS We present an approach in which knowledge pertaining to single nucleotide polymorphisms and imaging readouts is extracted from the literature, encoded in Biological Expression Language, and used in a novel workflow to assist in the functional interpretation of SNPs in a clinical context. RESULTS We demonstrate our approach in a case scenario which proposes KANSL1 as a candidate gene that accounts for the clinically reported correlation between the incidence of the genetic variants and hippocampal atrophy. We find that the workflow prioritizes multiple mechanisms reported in the literature through which KANSL1 may have an impact on hippocampal atrophy such as through the dysregulation of cell proliferation, synaptic plasticity, and metabolic processes. CONCLUSION We have presented an approach that enables pinpointing relevant genetic variants as well as investigating their functional role in biological processes spanning across several, diverse biological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Golriz Khatami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Sarah Mubeen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles Tapley Hoyt
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | - Christine Robinson
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reagon Karki
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anandhi Iyappan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alpha Tom Kodamullil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (Fraunhofer SCAI), Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Moffett JR, Puthillathu N, Vengilote R, Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AM. Acetate Revisited: A Key Biomolecule at the Nexus of Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Oncogenesis - Part 2: Acetate and ACSS2 in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580171. [PMID: 33304273 PMCID: PMC7693462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate, the shortest chain fatty acid, has been implicated in providing health benefits whether it is derived from the diet or is generated from microbial fermentation of fiber in the gut. These health benefits range widely from improved cardiac function to enhanced red blood cell generation and memory formation. Understanding how acetate could influence so many disparate biological functions is now an area of intensive research. Protein acetylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and increased systemic acetate strongly drives protein acetylation. By virtue of acetylation impacting the activity of virtually every class of protein, acetate driven alterations in signaling and gene transcription have been associated with several common human diseases, including cancer. In part 2 of this review, we will focus on some of the roles that acetate plays in health and human disease. The acetate-activating enzyme acyl-CoA short-chain synthetase family member 2 (ACSS2) will be a major part of that focus due to its role in targeted protein acetylation reactions that can regulate central metabolism and stress responses. ACSS2 is the only known enzyme that can recycle acetate derived from deacetylation reactions in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, including both protein and metabolite deacetylation reactions. As such, ACSS2 can recycle acetate derived from histone deacetylase reactions as well as protein deacetylation reactions mediated by sirtuins, among many others. Notably, ACSS2 can activate acetate released from acetylated metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the most concentrated acetylated metabolite in the human brain. NAA has been associated with the metabolic reprograming of cancer cells, where ACSS2 also plays a role. Here, we discuss the context-specific roles that acetate can play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane M. Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Lee J, Venna VR, Durgan DJ, Shi H, Hudobenko J, Putluri N, Petrosino J, McCullough LD, Bryan RM. Young versus aged microbiota transplants to germ-free mice: increased short-chain fatty acids and improved cognitive performance. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-14. [PMID: 32897773 PMCID: PMC7757789 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1814107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with cognitive decline and decreased concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the gut. SCFAs are significant in that they are protective to the gut and other organs. We tested the hypothesis that the aged gut microbiome alone is sufficient to decrease SCFAs in the host and produce cognitive decline. Fecal transplant gavages (FTGs) from aged (18-20 months) or young (2-3 months) male C57BL/6 mice into germ-free male C57BL/6 mice (N = 11 per group) were initiated at ~3 months of age. Fecal samples were collected and behavioral testing was performed over the study period. Bacterial community structures and relative abundances were measured in fecal samples by sequencing the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Mice with aged and young microbiomes showed clear differences in bacterial β diversity at 30, 60, and 90 d (P = .001 for each) after FTGs. The fecal SCFAs, acetate, propionate, and butyrate (microbiome effect, P < .01 for each) were decreased in mice with an aged microbiome. Mice with an aged microbiome demonstrated depressive-like behavior, impaired short-term memory, and impaired spatial memory over the 3 months following the initial FTG as assessed by the tail suspension (P = .008), the novel object recognition (P < .001), and the Barnes Maze (P = .030) tests, respectively. We conclude that an aged microbiome alone is sufficient to decrease SCFAs in the host and to produce cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venugopal R. Venna
- Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David J. Durgan
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huanan Shi
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Hudobenko
- Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Petrosino
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, US
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M. Bryan
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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A New Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Protein Deacetylation for Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2020; 451:197-206. [PMID: 33039524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates a diversity of biological processes. However, its implication in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unclear. Here we investigated the acetylation events in injured spinal cords on a proteomic scale for the first time. Additionally, whether promoting acetylation could mitigate SCI was evaluated. A total of 268 differentially acetylated peptides were identified. Among them, 2 peptides were up-acetylated and 141 peptides were down-acetylated in the injured spinal cord tissues (Fold change >2 and P < 0.05). There were also 116 unique acetylated peptides in the sham group and 9 unique acetylated peptides in the SCI group. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that differently acetylated proteins were involved in multiple cellular processes and metabolic processes. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that several pathways, including cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, were predominantly presented. Moreover, promoting acetylation using glycerol triacetate (GTA) showed a therapeutic effect on SCI, with improved Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores and histologic morphology, and decreased neuronal apoptosis and inflammation. In conclusion, our data indicated that protein deacetylation might play crucial roles in the development of secondary injury of SCI, and promoting acetylation by GTA effectively mitigated SCI. Our data not only enhance our understanding on acetylproteome dataset in the spinal cord tissues, but also provide novel insights for the treatment of SCI.
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Ren Y, Su S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Xiao E. Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote BMP Signaling by Inhibiting Histone Deacetylation and Contribute to Dentinogenic Differentiation in Murine Incisor Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1201-1214. [PMID: 32689895 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota and their metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have important roles in regulating tissue regeneration and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. In this study, we explored the potential effects of SCFAs on murine incisor regeneration and dental MSCs. We observed that SCFA deficiency induced by depletion of microbiota through antibiotic treatment led to lower renewal rate and delayed dentinogenesis in mice incisors. Supplementation with SCFAs in drinking water during antibiotic treatment can rescue the renewal rate and dentinogenesis effectively. In vitro, stimulation with SCFAs could promote differentiation of dental MSCs to odontoblasts. We further found that SCFAs could contribute to dentinogenic differentiation of dental MSCs by increasing bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal activation. SCFAs could inhibit deacetylation and increase BMP7 transcription of dental MSCs, which promoted BMP signaling. Our results suggested that SCFAs were required for incisor regeneration as well as differentiation of dental MSCs. Microbiota and their metabolites should be concerned as important factors in the tissue renewal and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shenping Su
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, and Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - E Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, Jinzhong, China
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Tiwari SK, Toshniwal AG, Mandal S, Mandal L. Fatty acid β-oxidation is required for the differentiation of larval hematopoietic progenitors in Drosophila. eLife 2020; 9:53247. [PMID: 32530419 PMCID: PMC7347386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-intrinsic and extrinsic signals regulate the state and fate of stem and progenitor cells. Recent advances in metabolomics illustrate that various metabolic pathways are also important in regulating stem cell fate. However, our understanding of the metabolic control of the state and fate of progenitor cells is in its infancy. Using Drosophila hematopoietic organ: lymph gland, we demonstrate that Fatty Acid Oxidation (FAO) is essential for the differentiation of blood cell progenitors. In the absence of FAO, the progenitors are unable to differentiate and exhibit altered histone acetylation. Interestingly, acetate supplementation rescues both histone acetylation and the differentiation defects. We further show that the CPT1/whd (withered), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, is transcriptionally regulated by Jun-Kinase (JNK), which has been previously implicated in progenitor differentiation. Our study thus reveals how the cellular signaling machinery integrates with the metabolic cue to facilitate the differentiation program. Stem cells are special precursor cells, found in all animals from flies to humans, that can give rise to all the mature cell types in the body. Their job is to generate supplies of new cells wherever these are needed. This is important because it allows damaged or worn-out tissues to be repaired and replaced by fresh, healthy cells. As part of this renewal process, stem cells generate pools of more specialized cells, called progenitor cells. These can be thought of as half-way to maturation and can only develop in a more restricted number of ways. For example, so-called myeloid progenitor cells from humans can only develop into a specific group of blood cell types, collectively termed the myeloid lineage. Fruit flies, like many other animals, also have several different types of blood cells. The fly’s repertoire of blood cells is very similar to the human myeloid lineage, and these cells also develop from the fly equivalent of myeloid progenitor cells. These progenitors are found in a specialized organ in fruit fly larvae called the lymph gland, where the blood forms. These similarities between fruit flies and humans mean that flies are a good model to study how myeloid progenitor cells mature. A lot is already known about the molecules that signal to progenitor cells how and when to mature. However, the role of metabolism – the chemical reactions that process nutrients and provide energy inside cells – is still poorly understood. Tiwari et al. set out to identify which metabolic reactions myeloid progenitor cells require and how these reactions might shape the progenitors’ development into mature blood cells. The experiments in this study used fruit fly larvae that had been genetically altered so that they could no longer perform key chemical reactions needed for the breakdown of fats. In these mutant larvae, the progenitors within the lymph gland could not give rise to mature blood cells. This showed that myeloid progenitor cells need to be able to break down fats in order to develop properly. These results highlight a previously unappreciated role for metabolism in controlling the development of progenitor cells. If this effect also occurs in humans, this knowledge could one day help medical researchers engineer replacement tissues in the lab, or even increase our own bodies’ ability to regenerate blood, and potentially other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Tiwari
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Ashish Ganeshlalji Toshniwal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Mohali, India
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Kimura-Todani T, Hata T, Miyata N, Takakura S, Yoshihara K, Zhang XT, Asano Y, Altaisaikhan A, Tsukahara T, Sudo N. Dietary delivery of acetate to the colon using acylated starches as a carrier exerts anxiolytic effects in mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:113004. [PMID: 32525009 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have been shown to play an important role in mediating the gut-brain interaction and thereby participate in the patho-physiological process of stress-related disorders. In the current study, we examined whether SCFA generated in the lower gut affects host metabolic and behavioral characteristics. To determine this, we used special diets containing acylated starches that can reach the colon without being absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract of male mice. The delivery of SCFA to the colon using this method induced a substantial increase in acetate, butyrate, and propionate in the cecum. Moreover, the diets containing acylated starches also decreased microbial diversity in the cecum, concomitant with a significant impact on microbial composition. In marble-burying (MB) tests, the mice that consumed diets containing acetylated starches showed a decrease in anxiety-like behavior compared with the mice that consumed diets containing either butyrylated or propionylated starches. Cecal acetate contents were significantly associated with anxiety-like behaviors when evaluated by elevated plus-maze and MB tests. Collectively, these results indicate that gut acetate elevation of a dietary origin may exert anxiolytic effects on behavioral phenotypes of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kimura-Todani
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Hata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyata
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shu Takakura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yoshihara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xue-Ting Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Asano
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Altanzul Altaisaikhan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Nobuyuki Sudo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Luck B, Engevik MA, Ganesh BP, Lackey EP, Lin T, Balderas M, Major A, Runge J, Luna RA, Sillitoe RV, Versalovic J. Bifidobacteria shape host neural circuits during postnatal development by promoting synapse formation and microglial function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7737. [PMID: 32385412 PMCID: PMC7210968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that early-life gut microbiota support the functional organization of neural circuitry in the brain via regulation of synaptic gene expression and modulation of microglial functionality. Germ-free mice were colonized as neonates with either a simplified human infant microbiota consortium consisting of four Bifidobacterium species, or with a complex, conventional murine microbiota. We examined the cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus of both groups of colonized mice in addition to germ-free control mice. At postnatal day 4 (P4), conventionalized mice and Bifidobacterium-colonized mice exhibited decreased expression of synapse-promoting genes and increased markers indicative of reactive microglia in the cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus relative to germ-free mice. By P20, both conventional and Bifidobacterium-treated mice exhibited normal synaptic density and neuronal activity as measured by density of VGLUT2+ puncta and Purkinje cell firing rate respectively, in contrast to the increased synaptic density and decreased firing rate observed in germ-free mice. The conclusions from this study further reveal how bifidobacteria participate in establishing functional neural circuits. Collectively, these data indicate that neonatal microbial colonization of the gut elicits concomitant effects on the host CNS, which promote the homeostatic developmental balance of neural connections during the postnatal time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkley Luck
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences (IMBS), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
| | - Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth P Lackey
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Miriam Balderas
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angela Major
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jessica Runge
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruth Ann Luna
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Jamar G, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP. High-fat or high-sugar diets as trigger inflammation in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:836-854. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1747046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Dong Z, Li R, Xu L, Xin K, Xu Y, Shi H, Sun A, Ge J. Histone hyperacetylation mediates enhanced IL-1β production in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages. Immunology 2020; 160:183-197. [PMID: 32061096 PMCID: PMC7218666 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the condition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ activation, macrophage metabolism is converted from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. In the present work, we analysed whether glycolysis could affect interleukin (IL)-1β expression through altering histone acetylation levels in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis are used to characterize histone acetylation in macrophages stimulated by LPS/IFN-γ. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to determine IL-1β production. The metabolism of macrophages was monitored in real-time by the Seahorse test. Our results showed that glycolytic metabolism could enhance histone acetylation and promote IL-1β production in LPS/IFN-γ-activated macrophages. Moreover, increased production of IL-1β by glycolysis was mediated through enhanced H3K9 acetylation. Importantly, it was found that a high dose of histone deacetylase inhibitor could also significantly increase the expression of IL-1β in the absence of glycolytic metabolism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that glycolytic metabolism could regulate IL-1β expression by increasing histone acetylation levels in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoshui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyue Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiming Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tanabe J, Yamamoto DJ, Sutton B, Brown MS, Hoffman PL, Burnham EL, Glueck DH, Tabakoff B. Effects of Alcohol and Acetate on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Pilot Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2070-2078. [PMID: 31386214 PMCID: PMC7066986 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute alcohol produces effects on cerebral metabolism and blood flow. Alcohol is converted to acetate, which serves as a source of energy for the brain and is an agonist at G protein-coupled receptors distributed in different cell types in the body including neurons. Acetate has been hypothesized to play a role in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response after alcohol ingestion. We tested whether administration of acetate would alter CBF in a pattern similar to or different from that of alcohol ingestion in healthy individuals. METHODS Twenty-four healthy participants were assigned by convenience to receive either 0.6 g/kg alcohol orally (n = 12) or acetate intravenously (n = 12). For each participant, CBF maps were acquired using an arterial spin labeling sequence on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner after placebo and after drug administration. Whole-brain CBF maps were compared between placebo and drug using a paired t-test, and set at a threshold of p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons (k ≥ 142 voxels, ≥3.78 cm3 ), voxel-level p < 0.005. Intoxication was measured after placebo and drug administration with a Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS-7). RESULTS Compared to placebo, alcohol and acetate were associated with increased CBF in the medial thalamus. Alcohol, but not acetate, was associated with increased CBF in the right orbitofrontal, medial prefrontal and cingulate cortex, and hippocampus. Plasma acetate levels increased following administration of alcohol and acetate and did not differ between the 2 arms. Alcohol, but not acetate, was associated with an increase in SHAS-7 scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased thalamic CBF associated with either alcohol or acetate administration suggests that the thalamic CBF response after alcohol could be mediated by acetate. Compared to other brain regions, thalamus may differ in its ability to metabolize acetate or expression of receptors responsive to acetate. Increased prefrontal and limbic CBF associated with alcohol may be linked to alcohol's behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dorothy J. Yamamoto
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brianne Sutton
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark S. Brown
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Paula L. Hoffman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University
of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ellen L. Burnham
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Deborah H. Glueck
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy,
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in the gastrointestinal tract, are speculated to have a key role in microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk. However, the pathways through which SCFAs might influence psychological functioning, including affective and cognitive processes and their neural basis, have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, research directly exploring the role of SCFAs as potential mediators of the effects of microbiota-targeted interventions on affective and cognitive functioning is sparse, especially in humans. This Review summarizes existing knowledge on the potential of SCFAs to directly or indirectly mediate microbiota-gut-brain interactions. The effects of SCFAs on cellular systems and their interaction with gut-brain signalling pathways including immune, endocrine, neural and humoral routes are described. The effects of microbiota-targeted interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics and diet on psychological functioning and the putative mediating role of SCFA signalling will also be discussed, as well as the relationship between SCFAs and psychobiological processes. Finally, future directions to facilitate direct investigation of the effect of SCFAs on psychological functioning are outlined.
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Zubcevic J, Richards EM, Yang T, Kim S, Sumners C, Pepine CJ, Raizada MK. Impaired Autonomic Nervous System-Microbiome Circuit in Hypertension. Circ Res 2019; 125:104-116. [PMID: 31219753 PMCID: PMC6588177 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.313965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects an estimated 103 million Americans, yet gaps in knowledge continue to limit its successful management. Rapidly emerging evidence is linking gut dysbiosis to many disorders and diseases including hypertension. The evolution of the -omics techniques has allowed determination of the abundance and potential function of gut bacterial species by next-generation bacterial sequencing, whereas metabolomics techniques report shifts in bacterial metabolites in the systemic circulation of hypertensive patients and rodent models of hypertension. The gut microbiome and host have evolved to exist in balance and cooperation, and there is extensive crosstalk between the 2 to maintain this balance, including during regulation of blood pressure. However, an understanding of the mechanisms of dysfunctional host-microbiome interactions in hypertension is still lacking. Here, we synthesize some of our recent data with published reports and present concepts and a rationale for our emerging hypothesis of a dysfunctional gut-brain axis in hypertension. Hopefully, this new information will improve the understanding of hypertension and help to address some of these knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Elaine M. Richards
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Seungbum Kim
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
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Kao ACC, Chan KW, Anthony DC, Lennox BR, Burnet PWJ. Prebiotic reduction of brain histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and olanzapine-mediated weight gain in rats, are acetate independent. Neuropharmacology 2019; 150:184-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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So PW, Ekonomou A, Galley K, Brody L, Sahuri-Arisoylu M, Rattray I, Cash D, Bell JD. Intraperitoneal delivery of acetate-encapsulated liposomal nanoparticles for neuroprotection of the penumbra in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:1979-1991. [PMID: 30936698 PMCID: PMC6430000 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s193965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition, with metabolic derangement and persistent inflammation enhancing the initial insult of ischaemia. Recombinant tissue plasminogen remains the only effective treatment but limited as therapy must commence soon after the onset of symptoms. Purpose We investigated whether acetate, which modulates many pathways including inflammation, may attenuate brain injury in stroke. As acetate has a short blood half-life and high amounts irritate the gastrointestinal tract, acetate was administered encapsulated in a liposomal nanoparticle (liposomal-encapsulated acetate, LITA). Methods Transient ischemia was induced by 90 mins middle-cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in Sprague-Dawley rats, and LITA or control liposomes given intraperitoneally at occlusion and daily for up to two weeks post-MCAO. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to estimate lesion volume at 24 h, 1 and 2 weeks post-MCAO and anterior lateral ventricular volume (ALVv) at 2 weeks post-MCAO. Locomotive behaviour was tested prior to the final MRI scan. After the final scan, brains were collected, and immunohistochemistry was performed. Results Lesion volumes were decreased by ~80% from 24 h to one-week post-MCAO, in both control and LITA groups (P⩽0.05). However, the lesion was increased by ~50% over the subsequent 1 to 2 weeks after MCAO in the control group (from 24.1±10.0 to 58.7±28.6 mm3; P⩽0.05) but remained unchanged in the LITA group. ALVv were also attenuated by LITA treatment at 2 weeks post-MCAO (177.2±11.9% and 135.3±10.9% of contralateral ALVv for control and LITA groups, respectively; P⩽0.05). LITA-treated animals also appeared to have improved motor activity, moving with greater average velocity than control animals. Microglial immunoreactivity was ~40% lower in the LITA group compared to the control group (P⩽0.05), but LITA did not modulate neurogenesis, apoptosis, histone acetylation and lipid peroxidation. Conclusion LITA appears to attenuate the harmful chronic neuroinflammation observed during brain remodeling after a focal ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wah So
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, UK,
| | - Antigoni Ekonomou
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, UK,
| | - Kim Galley
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, UK,
| | - Leigh Brody
- University of Westminster, Research Centre for Optimal Health, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan Rattray
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, UK,
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- University of Westminster, Research Centre for Optimal Health, London, UK
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Fedotcheva NI, Kondrashova MN, Litvinova EG, Zakharchenko MV, Khunderyakova NV, Beloborodova NV. Modulation of the Activity of Succinate Dehydrogenase by Acetylation with Chemicals, Drugs, and Microbial Metabolites. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Klos M, Morgenstern S, Hicks K, Suresh S, Devaney EJ. The effects of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate on isolated rat ventricular myocyte excitation-contraction coupling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 662:143-150. [PMID: 30543786 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
β-hydroxybutyrate is the primary ketone body produced by the body during ketosis and is used to meet its metabolic demands. The healthy adult heart derives most of its energy from fatty acid oxidation. However, in certain diseases, the heart alters its substrate preference and increases its ketone body metabolism. Little is known about the effects of βOHB on ventricular myocyte excitation-contraction coupling. Therefore, we examined the effects of ketone body metabolism on single cell excitation-contraction coupling during normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Myocytes were isolated from adult rats, cultured for 18 h in RPMI 1640, RPMI 1640 no glucose, and M199, HEPES with/without various amount of βOHB added. To simulate hypoxia, myocytes were incubated at 1%O2, 5% CO2 for 1 h followed by incubation at atmospheric oxygen (21%O2,5% CO2) for 30 min before recordings. Recordings were obtained using an IonOptix system at 36±1ᵒ C. Myocytes were paced at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Hz. We found that exposure to βOHB had no effect on excitation-contraction coupling. However, culturing cells with βOHB results in a significant increase in both contraction and calcium in RPMI 1640 media. Dose response experiments demonstrated 0.5 mM βOHB is enough to increase myocyte contraction in the absence of glucose. However, βOHB has no measurable effects on myocytes cultured in a nutrient rich media, M199, HEPES. Therefore, βOHB improves single cell excitation-contraction coupling, is protective against hypoxia, and may be a beneficial adaptation for the heart during periods of nutrient scarcity and or metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Klos
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, UH Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sherry Morgenstern
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, UH Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kayla Hicks
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shreyas Suresh
- Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Eric J Devaney
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, UH Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Ganguly S, Seth S. A translational perspective on histone acetylation modulators in psychiatric disorders. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1867-1873. [PMID: 29915963 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A large volume of research now provides evidence correlating aberrant histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities and hypoacetylation of histones to disruptions in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival/regeneration, memory formation and consolidation. Hence, maintaining the acetyl-histone homeostasis as a component of neuronal mechanisms by targeting HDACs has emerged as an exciting intervention strategy for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Though extensive preclinical animal studies have elevated the translational potential of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in psychiatric disorders, so far, the translational gain remains low. This is perhaps attributed to the anticipated specificity issues and off-target effects which might negate the risk-reward advantage over the approved antipsychotics in use. So, to harness the therapeutic potential of HDACis in psychiatric disorders, a combination therapeutic strategy involving co-administration of an approved HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) along with a marketed antipsychotic drug has emerged in parallel. This takes advantage of the ability of HDACi, like SAHA, to reverse the potentially detrimental hypoacetylated state of chromatin and facilitate to augment the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. Apart from these efforts, as an alternative therapeutic strategy, highly tolerable oral metabolic acetate supplements with an ability to reverse the hypoacetylation states of histone were initiated in animal models. Exogenous acetate carrier enriches the cellular acetyl-CoA pool restoring acetyl-histone homeostasis, reminiscent of HDACi effect, without the associated toxicity. Though the path towards therapeutic intervention in psychiatric disorders using histone acetylation modulators is riddled with challenges, the growing number of tool compounds along with innovative research strategies, however, bodes well for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Ganguly
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Drug Discovery, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Jamia Hamdard-Institute of Molecular Medicine (JH-IMM), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Subhendu Seth
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Drug Discovery, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Jamia Hamdard-Institute of Molecular Medicine (JH-IMM), Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
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