1
|
Shahrtash SA, Ghnim ZS, Ghaheri M, Adabi J, Hassanzadeh MA, Yasamineh S, Afkhami H, Kheirkhah AH, Gholizadeh O, Moghadam HZ. Recent Advances in the Role of Different Nanoparticles in the Various Biosensors for the Detection of the Chikungunya Virus. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01052-6. [PMID: 38393630 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Humans contract the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes that induces acute and chronic musculoskeletal discomfort and fever. Millions of cases of the disease have been attributed to CHIKV in the Indian Ocean region since 2004, and the virus has since spread to Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. The exponential proliferation of CHIKV in recent times underscores the critical nature of implementing preventative measures and exploring potential control strategies. The principal laboratory test employed to diagnose infection in serum samples collected over six days after the onset of symptoms is the detection of CHIKV or viral RNA. Although two commercially available real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products exist, data on their validity are limited. A diagnostic instrument that is rapid, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective is, therefore an absolute necessity, particularly in developing nations. Biosensors have demonstrated considerable potential in the realm of pathogen detection. The rapid and sensitive detection of viruses has been facilitated by the development of numerous types of biosensors, including affinity-based nano-biosensors, graphene affinity-based biosensors, optical nano-biosensors, surface Plasmon Resonance-based optical nano-biosensors, and electrochemical nano-biosensors. Furthermore, the utilization of nanomaterials for signal extension, including but not limited to gold and silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, and iron oxide NPs, has enhanced the precision and sensitivity of biosensors. The developed innovative diagnostic method is time-efficient, precise, and economical; it can be implemented as a point-of-care device. The technique may be implemented in diagnostic laboratories and hospitals to identify patients infected with CHIKV. Throughout this article, we have examined a multitude of CHIKV nano-biosensors and their respective properties. Following a discussion of representative nanotechnologies for biosensors, numerous NPs-assisted CHIKV nano-biosensors are summarized in this article. As a result, we anticipate that this review will furnish a significant foundation for advancing innovative CHIKV nano-biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Ghaheri
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Javid Adabi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Kheirkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Omid Gholizadeh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
- Azad Researcher, Virology and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Zendehdel Moghadam
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zohra T, Saeed F, Ikram A, Khan T, Alam S, Adil M, Gul A, Almawash S, Ayaz M. Nanomedicine as a potential novel therapeutic approach against the dengue virus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1567-1584. [PMID: 37753727 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arbovirus infection which is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. Its prompt detection and effective treatment is a global health challenge. Various nanoparticle-based vaccines have been formulated to present immunogen (antigens) to instigate an immune response or prevent virus spread, but no specific treatment has been devised. This review explores the role of nanomedicine-based therapeutic agents against dengue virus, taking into consideration the applicable dengue virus assays that are sensitive, specific, have a short turnaround time and are inexpensive. Various kinds of metallic, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles with safe and effective profiles present an alternative strategy that could provide a better remedy for eradicating the dengue virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeel Zohra
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Saeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ikram
- Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Siyab Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adil
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Gul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, H3T IJ4, Canada
| | - Saud Almawash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara, 18800 Dir (L), KP, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cam Duyen VT, Van Toi V, Van Hoi T, Truong PL. A novel colorimetric biosensor for rapid detection of dengue virus upon acid-induced aggregation of colloidal gold. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:3991-3999. [PMID: 37545366 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The dengue virus, once transmitted to people through a mosquito bite, causes an infectious disease called dengue fever. Dengue fever can develop into two fatal syndromes, namely dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The existing strategies for detecting dengue infection mainly employ serological immunoassays and a real time PCR technique. Along with the positive features of efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility, these procedures are limited by being time-consuming, costly, requiring special equipment for analysis, and unable to be carried out at the point-of-care level. Herein, we developed a colorimetric nanosensor for detecting dengue virus in clinical samples that is rapid, accurate, sensitive, and less expensive. The sensing platform relies on the specific binding between the DNA-conjugated AuNPs and genomic RNA of dengue, which results in the DNA-RNA heteroduplex structure formation that turns the gold colloid's ruby red color to blue due to the nano-aggregation in an acidic environment, which can be detected by the naked eye or measuring the absorbance. The DNA probe was designed to bind to a genomic RNA conserved region recognized in all four dengue serotypes. Dengue virus serotype 1 was utilized as a framework for virus detection; the designed nanosensor exhibited great specificity and selectivity, with the detection limit of ∼1 pg μL-1 (∼1.66 × 106 RNA copies per reaction) and time of analysis of about 1 h including the RNA extraction step. The proposed colorimetric nanosensor offers an alternative tool for specific and highly sensitive detection of dengue that eliminates the requirement for thermal cycling and primer sets in PCR-based assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vo Thi Cam Duyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Toi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Truong Van Hoi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ninh Thuan Hospital, Phan Rang-Thap Cham City 59100, Vietnam
| | - Phuoc Long Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dias BDP, Barbosa CC, Ferreira CS, Mayra Soares Alves Dos Santos S, Arrieta OAP, Malta WC, Gomes MLMD, Alves E Silva M, Fonseca JDM, Borges LP, Silva BDM. Challenges in Direct Detection of Flaviviruses: A Review. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050643. [PMID: 37242313 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropods transmit arboviruses via mosquito and tick bites to humans and other animals. The genus flavivirus, which causes diseases, sequelae, and thousands of deaths, mainly in developing and underdeveloped countries, is among the arboviruses of interest to public health. Given the importance of early and accurate diagnosis, this review analyzes the methods of direct detection of flaviviruses, such as reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, microfluidics, localized surface plasmon resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and presents the advantages, disadvantages, and detection limits identified in studies reported in the literature for each methodology. Among the different methods available, it is essential to balance four fundamental indicators to determine the ideal test: good sensitivity, high specificity, low false positive rate, and rapid results. Among the methods analyzed, reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification stands out, owing to result availability within a few minutes, with good sensitivity and specificity; in addition, it is the best-characterized methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna de Paula Dias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Cavadas Barbosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Cyntia Silva Ferreira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariela Alves E Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Júlia de Matos Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Lysandro Pinto Borges
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 9100-000, Brazil
| | - Breno de Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Dengue Virus. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070495. [PMID: 35884298 PMCID: PMC9313084 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus detection in humans and mosquito reservoirs has been an important issue since it can cause a variety of illnesses and could represent a health problem in geographical zones where the vector is endemic. In this work, we designed and characterized a biosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and antibody 4G2 for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) in vitro, obtaining different conjugates (with different antibody concentrations). The AuNP–4G2 conjugates at concentrations of 1, 3, and 6 µg/mL presented an increase in the average hydrodynamic diameter compared to the naked AuNPs. Also, as part of the characterization, differences in the UV-Vis absorbance spectrum and electrophoretic migration were observed between the conjugated AuNPs (with BSA or antibody) and naked AuNPs. Additionally, we used this biosensor (AuNP–4G2 conjugate with 3 µg/mL antibody) in the assembly of a competitive lateral flow assay (LFA) for the development of an alternative test to detect the flavivirus envelope protein in isolated DENV samples as a future tool for dengue detection (and other flaviviruses) in the mosquito vector (Aedesaegypti) for the identification of epidemic risk regions. Functionality tests were performed using Dengue virus 2 isolated solution (TCID50/mL = 4.58 × 103) as a positive sample and PBS buffer as a negative control. The results showed that it is possible to detect Dengue virus in vitro with this gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assay with an estimated detection limit of 5.12 × 102 PFU. We suggest that this biosensor could be used as an additional detection tool by coupling it to different point-of-care tests (POCT) for the easy detection of other flaviviruses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez-Visedo A, Ferrero FJ, Costa-Fernández JM, Fernández-Argüelles MT. Inorganic nanoparticles coupled to nucleic acid enzymes as analytical signal amplification tools. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5201-5215. [PMID: 35292825 PMCID: PMC8923336 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid enzymes (NAzymes) are a class of nucleic acid molecules with catalytic activity, which can be modulated by the presence of different species such as metal ions, genetic biomarkers, small molecules or proteins, among others. NAzymes offer several important advantages for development of novel bioanalytical strategies, resulting from their functionality as specific recognition elements and as amplified analytical signal generators, making them ideal candidates for developing highly specific bioanalytical strategies for the detection of a wide variety of targets. When coupled with the exceptional features of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), the sensitivity of the assays can be significantly improved, allowing the detection of targets using many different detection techniques including visual readout, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, voltammetry, and single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Here we provide an overview of the fundamentals of novel strategies developed to achieve analytical signal amplification based on the use of NAzymes coupled with inorganic NPs. Some representative examples of such strategies for the highly sensitive detection of different targets will be presented, including metal ions, proteins, DNA- or RNA-based biomarkers, and small molecules or microorganisms. Furthermore, future prospective challenges will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Sánchez-Visedo
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Ferrero
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, Computers and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Campus de Gijón, Sede 3, 33204, Gijon (Asturias), Spain
| | - José M Costa-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| | - María T Fernández-Argüelles
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julian Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo (Asturias), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Blahove MR, Carter JR. Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102099. [PMID: 34696529 PMCID: PMC8541186 DOI: 10.3390/v13102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of humans are at risk for infection by vector-borne flaviviruses, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. These viruses also infect wildlife at a considerable rate, persistently cycling between ticks/mosquitoes and small mammals and reptiles and non-human primates and humans. Substantially increasing evidence of viral persistence in wildlife continues to be reported. In addition to in humans, viral persistence has been shown to establish in mammalian, reptile, arachnid, and mosquito systems, as well as insect cell lines. Although a considerable amount of research has centered on the potential roles of defective virus particles, autophagy and/or apoptosis-induced evasion of the immune response, and the precise mechanism of these features in flavivirus persistence have yet to be elucidated. In this review, we present findings that aid in understanding how vector-borne flavivirus persistence is established in wildlife. Research studies to be discussed include determining the critical roles universal flavivirus non-structural proteins played in flaviviral persistence, the advancement of animal models of viral persistence, and studying host factors that allow vector-borne flavivirus replication without destructive effects on infected cells. These findings underscore the viral–host relationships in wildlife animals and could be used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the establishment of viral persistence in these animals.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shukla BK, Tyagi H, Bhandari H, Garg S. Nanotechnology-Based Approach to Combat Pandemic COVID 19: A Review. MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA 2021; 397:2000336. [PMID: 34511843 PMCID: PMC8420461 DOI: 10.1002/masy.202000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of a novel Corona virus (COVID 19) originated on December 19 from China. The city of Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province, China, is responsible for an outbreak of respiratory illness known as COVID 19 and it has been rapidly spread across the world claiming millions of lives. The sudden outbreak of novel Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV), is a big concern for their speedy mitigation using the predictable treatment and creating its approach around the world. Researchers and doctors are in search of rapid diagnosis kit, drugs, and viral-resistant personal protective equipment (PPE) to clinical diagnosis, medication, and prevent the spread of COVID 19. A rational approach with adaptability and broad viewpoint to challenge the growing pain could be overcome by the application of appropriate technology. The nanotechnology-based approach can significantly serve the purpose of the current pandemic situation of COVID 19. But same time implementation of innovative and creative nanotech approach, there is a decisive need for the full knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Moreover, to defeat COVID 19, particularly nanotech-based system with their viral inhibitory properties to increase the effective nanotech approach is essential. In this scenario, this review aims to summarize the past, present, and future of nanotech-based systems that can be used to treat COVID 19, highlighting Nano-based compounds. Lastly, the potential application of the different category of Inorganic Nanomaterials/Inorganic organic conjugate /hybrid system and their practical applicability as suitable means for inspiring against COVID 19 has also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of ChemistryAmity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity UniversitySector‐125NoidaUttar Pradesh201313India
| | - Himanshi Tyagi
- Department of ChemistryAmity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity UniversitySector‐125NoidaUttar Pradesh201313India
| | - Hema Bhandari
- Department of ChemistryMaitreyi CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110021India
| | - Seema Garg
- Department of ChemistryAmity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity UniversitySector‐125NoidaUttar Pradesh201313India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Selection and applications of functional nucleic acids for infectious disease detection and prevention. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4563-4579. [PMID: 33506341 PMCID: PMC7840224 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria pose a great threat to human health. Although a significant progress has been obtained in the diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases, it still remains challenging to develop rapid and cost-effective detection approaches and overcome the side effects of therapeutic agents and pathogen resistance. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), especially the most widely used aptamers and DNAzymes, hold the advantages of high stability and flexible design, which make them ideal molecular recognition tools for bacteria and viruses, as well as potential therapeutic drugs for infectious diseases. This review summarizes important advances in the selection and detection of bacterial- and virus-associated FNAs, along with their potential prevention ability of infectious disease in recent years. Finally, the challenges and future development directions are concluded.
Collapse
|
10
|
Minakshi P, Ghosh M, Kumar R, Brar B, Lambe UP, Banerjee S, Ranjan K, Kumar B, Goel P, Malik YS, Prasad G. An Insight into Nanomedicinal Approaches to Combat Viral Zoonoses. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:915-962. [PMID: 32209041 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200325114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging viral zoonotic diseases are one of the major obstacles to secure the "One Health" concept under the current scenario. Current prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches often associated with certain limitations and thus proved to be insufficient for customizing rapid and efficient combating strategy against the highly transmissible pathogenic infectious agents leading to the disastrous socio-economic outcome. Moreover, most of the viral zoonoses originate from the wildlife and poor knowledge about the global virome database renders it difficult to predict future outbreaks. Thus, alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccines and their delivery systems; rapid and efficient diagnostics and effective targeted therapeutics are the need of the hour. METHODS Structured literature search has been performed with specific keywords in bibliographic databases for the accumulation of information regarding current nanomedicine interventions along with standard books for basic virology inputs. RESULTS Multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine have proved to be an effective alternative in all the aspects regarding the prevention, diagnosis, and control of zoonotic viral diseases. The current review is focused to outline the applications of nanomaterials as anti-viral vaccines or vaccine/drug delivery systems, diagnostics and directly acting therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic viral diseases in the recent scenario along with their potential benefits, challenges and prospects to design successful control strategies. CONCLUSION This review provides significant introspection towards the multi-arrayed applications of nanomedicine to combat several important zoonotic viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Minakshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur (UP) - 231001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Upendra P Lambe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125001, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology Section, LUVAS, Hisar-125004, India
| | - Koushlesh Ranjan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | | | - Parveen Goel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, LLR University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Yashpal S Malik
- Division of Standardisation, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar - Bareilly (UP) - 243122, India
| | - Gaya Prasad
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, UP, 250110, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gupta A, Kumar S, Kumar R, Choudhary AK, Kumari K, Singh P, Kumar V. COVID-19: Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology Aspects, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. ChemistrySelect 2020; 5:7521-7533. [PMID: 32835089 PMCID: PMC7361534 DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wuhan, a city of China, is the epicenter for the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). It has become a severe public health challenge to the world and established a public health emergency of international worry. This infectious disease has pulled down the economy of almost all top developed nations. The coronaviruses (CoVs) known for various epidemics caused time to time. Infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), followed by COVID-19, are all coronaviruses led outbreaks that scourged the history of mankind. CoVs evolved themselves to more infectious, transmissible, and more pandemic with time. To prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, many countries have ordered the complete lockdown to combat the outbreak. This paper briefly discussed the historical background of CoVs and the evolution of human coronaviruses (HCoVs), the case studies and the development of their antiviral medications. The viral infection encountered with present-day challenges and futuristic approaches with the help of nanotechnology to minimize the spread of infectious viruses. The antiviral drugs and their clinical advances, along with herbal medicines for viral inhibition and immunity boosters, are described. Elaboration of tables related to CoVs for the compilation of the literature has been adopted for the better understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- Department of ChemistrySri Venkateswara CollegeUniversity of DelhiIndia.
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of ChemistryDeshbandhu CollegeUniversity of DelhiIndia.
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri VishwavidyalayaHaridwarIndia.
| | | | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of ZoologyDeen Dayal Upadhyaya CollegeDelhiIndia.
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of ChemistryAtma Ram Sanatan Dharma CollegeDelhi UniversityNew DelhiIndia.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of ChemistryKirori Mal CollegeUniversity of DelhiIndia
- Special Centre for Nano SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityDelhiIndia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Safdar S, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. RNA-Cleaving NAzymes: The Next Big Thing in Biosensing? Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1343-1359. [PMID: 32473751 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid enzymes (NAzymes) are nucleic acid molecules with catalytic activity. A subset, the RNA-cleaving NAzyme, is characterized by its substrate of choice: an RNA unit. These enzymes have been used for diverse applications, including biosensor development, akin to their protein counterparts. Owing to their function as both biorecognition elements and signal generators, robust bioassays based entirely on NAzyme molecules have been developed. Additionally, unique mechanisms for integration with other biorecognition elements and signal generation methods have been explored to realize ultrasensitive, specific, and user-friendly biosensors. Furthermore, NAzyme-based bioassays have already broken into the in vitro diagnostics market, with more promise in the pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Safdar
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arca-Lafuente S, Martínez-Román P, Mate-Cano I, Madrid R, Briz V. Nanotechnology: A reality for diagnosis of HCV infectious disease. J Infect 2019; 80:8-15. [PMID: 31580870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the primary etiologic agent of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV elevated infection rates are mostly due to the lack of an accurate and accessible screening and diagnosis, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Conventional HCV diagnostic algorithm consists of a serological test followed by a nucleic acid test. This sequence of tests is time consuming and not affordable for low-resource settings. Nanotechnology have introduced new promising tests for the diagnose of infectious diseases. Based on the employment of nanoparticles and other nanomaterials which lead to highly sensitive and specific nanoscale tests, most of them target pathogen genome. Implementation of nanoscale tests, which are affordable, portable and easy to use by non-specialized personal, would improve HCV diagnosis algorithm. In this review, we have summed up the current emerging nanotechnology tools, which will improve actual screening and treatment programs, and help to reach HCV elimination proposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Arca-Lafuente
- Laboratory of Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; BioAssays SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez-Román
- Laboratory of Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Mate-Cano
- Laboratory of Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Madrid
- BioAssays SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Verónica Briz
- Laboratory of Reference and Research on Viral Hepatitis, National Center for Microbiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Targeting a viral DNA sequence with a deoxyribozyme in a preparative scale. Biochimie 2019; 165:161-169. [PMID: 31377192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribozymes are synthetic and single stranded DNAs that are capable of catalysis of a variety of reactions, including cleavage of DNA substrates. Deoxyribozymes are usually characterized by analytical single-turnover kinetic assays, however, for many applications e.g. characterization of the reaction products, semi-preparative and preparative reactions are required. At such scales, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis and conditions that supports high amount of products in an appropriate time-scale are vaguely guessed by researchers. In this report, catalytic activity of an oxidizing DNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme, F-8(X), was comprehensively inspected in semi-preparative (10 μM substrate) scale. A 60 nucleotides long synthetic DNA sequence was selected as the target DNA for this study. The DNA sequence was originated from a single stranded DNA virus. Investigations revealed high yield in the presence of optimal concentration of oxidizing agents. The optimal conditions have been applied for scale-up of the reaction to preparative (40 μM substrate) and multi-turnover reactions to achieve highest amount of product in a cost-, time- and labor-effective manner. Such a comprehensive analysis of a deoxyribozyme's activity in semi-preparative scale provides a platform for expanded applications of DNA catalysts as a tool in chemical biology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kerry RG, Malik S, Redda YT, Sahoo S, Patra JK, Majhi S. Nano-based approach to combat emerging viral (NIPAH virus) infection. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 18:196-220. [PMID: 30904587 PMCID: PMC7106268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of new virus and their heterogeneity are growing at an alarming rate. Sudden outburst of Nipah virus (NiV) has raised serious question about their instant management using conventional medication and diagnostic measures. A coherent strategy with versatility and comprehensive perspective to confront the rising distress could perhaps be effectuated by implementation of nanotechnology. But in concurrent to resourceful and precise execution of nano-based medication, there is an ultimate need of concrete understanding of the NIV pathogenesis. Moreover, to amplify the effectiveness of nano-based approach in a conquest against NiV, a list of developed nanosystem with antiviral activity is also a prerequisite. Therefore the present review provides a meticulous cognizance of cellular and molecular pathogenesis of NiV. Conventional as well several nano-based diagnosis experimentations against viruses have been discussed. Lastly, potential efficacy of different forms of nano-based systems as convenient means to shield mankind against NiV has also been introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rout George Kerry
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Santosh Malik
- Departmentof Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sabuj Sahoo
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baptista PV. Gold nanoprobe-based non-crosslinking hybridization for molecular diagnostics: an update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:767-773. [PMID: 30037279 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1503950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An update on the uses and applications of the non-cross-linking (NCL) hybridization assay based on the spectral modulation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are presented, emphasizing DNA and RNA detection. Areas covered: Nanotechnology is strongly impacting the way we address diagnostics and therapeutics. In fact, nanoscale devices and particles have been used in a variety of platforms for improved biosensing and, more interestingly, for molecular diagnostics. AuNPs have been used in a great diversity of DNA and RNA detection strategies that are based on their nanoscale properties. Their unique optical properties have put them at the forefront of colorimetric sensing platforms. Among these, those relying on the NCL mechanism using DNA-modified AuNPs have shown remarkable versatility and simplicity for molecular detection of human pathogens, identification of single base alterations at the basis of human disease, gene expression, among others. Application of the NCL assay to molecular diagnostics will be discussed considering the challenges for validation and clinically relevant targets. Expert commentary: Integration of the NCL approach using AuNPs into chip biosensing platforms, projecting miniaturization and portability, will be addressed in terms of the future, i.e. clinical validation and translation to market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro V Baptista
- a UCIBIO, Department of Life Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Caparica , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ghasemi A, Rabiee N, Ahmadi S, Hashemzadeh S, Lolasi F, Bozorgomid M, Kalbasi A, Nasseri B, Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Aref AR, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Optical assays based on colloidal inorganic nanoparticles. Analyst 2018; 143:3249-3283. [PMID: 29924108 PMCID: PMC6042520 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00731d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles have wide applications in the detection of analytes and in biological assays. A large number of these assays rely on the ability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, in the 20 nm diameter size range) to undergo a color change from red to blue upon aggregation. AuNP assays can be based on cross-linking, non-cross linking or unmodified charge-based aggregation. Nucleic acid-based probes, monoclonal antibodies, and molecular-affinity agents can be attached by covalent or non-covalent means. Surface plasmon resonance and SERS techniques can be utilized. Silver NPs also have attractive optical properties (higher extinction coefficient). Combinations of AuNPs and AgNPs in nanocomposites can have additional advantages. Magnetic NPs and ZnO, TiO2 and ZnS as well as insulator NPs including SiO2 can be employed in colorimetric assays, and some can act as peroxidase mimics in catalytic applications. This review covers the synthesis and stabilization of inorganic NPs and their diverse applications in colorimetric and optical assays for analytes related to environmental contamination (metal ions and pesticides), and for early diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, using medically important biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran and Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hashemzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farshad Lolasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran and Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Bozorgomid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Islamic Azad University of Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kalbasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Behzad Nasseri
- Departments of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran and Chemical Engineering Deptartment and Bioengineeing Division, Hacettepe University, 06800, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim J, Mohamed MAA, Zagorovsky K, Chan WCW. State of diagnosing infectious pathogens using colloidal nanomaterials. Biomaterials 2017; 146:97-114. [PMID: 28898761 PMCID: PMC7124370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major global threat that accounts for one of the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Prompt diagnosis is a crucial first step in the management of infectious threats, which aims to quarantine infected patients to avoid contacts with healthy individuals and deliver effective treatments prior to further spread of diseases. This review article discusses current advances of diagnostic systems using colloidal nanomaterials (e.g., gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles) for identifying and differentiating infectious pathogens. The challenges involved in the clinical translation of these emerging nanotechnology based diagnostic devices will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Kim
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; Centre for Global Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Abdou Mohamed
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Kyryl Zagorovsky
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Bimolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Computational Biosensors: Molecules, Algorithms, and Detection Platforms. MODELING, METHODOLOGIES AND TOOLS FOR MOLECULAR AND NANO-SCALE COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [PMCID: PMC7123247 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50688-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced nucleic acid-based sensor-applications require computationally intelligent biosensors that are able to concurrently perform complex detection and classification of samples within an in vitro platform. Realization of these cutting-edge computational biosensor systems necessitates innovation and integration of three key technologies: molecular probes with computational capabilities, algorithmic methods to enable in vitro computational post processing and classification, and immobilization and detection approaches that enable the realization of deployable computational biosensor platforms. We provide an overview of current technologies, including our contributions towards the development of computational biosensor systems.
Collapse
|
20
|
Larguinho M, Canto R, Cordeiro M, Pedrosa P, Fortuna A, Vinhas R, Baptista PV. Gold nanoprobe-based non-crosslinking hybridization for molecular diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1355-68. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1077704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Verma MS, Rogowski JL, Jones L, Gu FX. Colorimetric biosensing of pathogens using gold nanoparticles. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:666-80. [PMID: 25792228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of pathogens is crucial to minimize adverse health impacts of nosocomial, foodborne, and waterborne diseases. Gold nanoparticles are extremely successful at detecting pathogens due to their ability to provide a simple and rapid color change when their environment is altered. Here, we review general strategies of implementing gold nanoparticles in colorimetric biosensors. First, we highlight how gold nanoparticles have improved conventional genomic analysis methods by lowering detection limits while reducing assay times. Then, we focus on emerging point-of-care technologies that aim at pathogen detection using simpler assays. These advances will facilitate the implementation of gold nanoparticle-based biosensors in diverse environments throughout the world and help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit S Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jacob L Rogowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Center for Contact Lens Research, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Colorimetric and visual determination of total nereistoxin-related insecticides by exploiting a nereistoxin-driven aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|