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Surenaud M, Lacabaratz C, Zurawski G, Lévy Y, Lelièvre JD. Development of an epitope-based HIV-1 vaccine strategy from HIV-1 lipopeptide to dendritic-based vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 16:955-972. [PMID: 28879788 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1374182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of a safe, effective and globally affordable Human Immunodeficiency Virus strain 1 (HIV-1) vaccine offers the best hope for future control of the HIV-1 pandemic. However, with the exception of the recent RV144 trial, which elicited a modest level of protection against infection, no vaccine candidate has shown efficacy in preventing HIV-1 infection or in controlling virus replication in humans. There is also a great need for a successful immunotherapeutic vaccine since combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not eliminate the reservoir of HIV-infected cells. But to date, no vaccine candidate has proven to significantly alter the natural history of an individual with HIV-1 infection. Areas covered: For over 25 years, the ANRS (France Recherche Nord&Sud Sida-HIV hépatites) has been committed to an original program combining basic science and clinical research developing an epitope-based vaccine strategy to induce a multiepitopic cellular response against HIV-1. This review describes the evolution of concepts, based on strategies using HIV-1 lipopeptides towards the use of dendritic cell (DC) manipulation. Expert commentary: Understanding the crucial role of DCs in immune responses allowed moving from the non-specific administration of HIV-1 sequences with lipopeptides to DC-based vaccines. These DC-targeting strategies should improve HIV-1 vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Surenaud
- a INSERM, U955 , Créteil , France.,b Faculté de médecine , Université Paris Est , Créteil , France.,c Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- a INSERM, U955 , Créteil , France.,b Faculté de médecine , Université Paris Est , Créteil , France.,c Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France
| | - Gérard Zurawski
- a INSERM, U955 , Créteil , France.,c Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France.,d Baylor Institute for Immunology Research , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Yves Lévy
- a INSERM, U955 , Créteil , France.,b Faculté de médecine , Université Paris Est , Créteil , France.,c Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France.,e AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses , Créteil , France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lelièvre
- a INSERM, U955 , Créteil , France.,b Faculté de médecine , Université Paris Est , Créteil , France.,c Vaccine Research Institute (VRI) , Créteil , France.,e AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor - A. Chenevier, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses , Créteil , France
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Abstract
A number of virologic and environmental factors are involved in the emergence and re-emergence of viral disease. Viruses do not conservatively occupy a single and permanent ecological niche. Rather, due to their intrinsic capacity for genetic change, and to the evolvability of fitness levels, viruses display a potential to parasitize alternative host species. Mutation, recombination and genome segment reassortment, and combination of these molecular events, produce complex and phenotypically diverse populations of viruses, which constitute the raw material on which selection acts. The majority of emerging viral diseases of humans have a zoonotic origin. Sociologic and ecologic factors produce diverse and changing environments in which viral subpopulations have ample opportunities to be selected from intrinsically heterogeneous viral populations, particularly in the case of RNA viruses. In this manner, new human, animal and plant viruses have emerged periodically and, from all evidence, will continue to emerge. This article reviews some of the mechanisms that have been identified in viral emergence, with a focus on the importance of genetic variation of viruses, and on the general concept of biological complexity.
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Shedlock DJ, Silvestri G, Weiner DB. Monkeying around with HIV vaccines: using rhesus macaques to define 'gatekeepers' for clinical trials. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9:717-28. [PMID: 19859066 DOI: 10.1038/nri2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques are an important animal model for the study of human disease and the development of vaccines against HIV and AIDS. HIV vaccines have been benchmarked in rhesus macaque preclinical challenge studies using chimeric viruses made up of parts of HIV and simian immunodeficiency viruses. However, the lack of efficacy in a recent clinical trial calls for a re-evaluation of the scientific assumptions regarding the predictive value of using data generated from rhesus macaques as a 'gatekeeper' for the advancement of candidate vaccines into the clinic. In this context, there is significant consensus among HIV vaccinologists that next-generation HIV vaccines must generate 'better' immunity in rhesus macaques than clinically unsuccessful vaccines generated using validated assays. Defining better immunity is the core challenge of HIV vaccine development in this system and is the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Shedlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Azizi A, Anderson DE, Torres JV, Ogrel A, Ghorbani M, Soare C, Sandstrom P, Fournier J, Diaz-Mitoma F. Induction of Broad Cross-Subtype-Specific HIV-1 Immune Responses by a Novel Multivalent HIV-1 Peptide Vaccine in Cynomolgus Macaques. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:2174-86. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hoffmann D, Seebach J, Cosma A, Goebel FD, Strimmer K, Schätzl HM, Erfle V. Therapeutic vaccination reduces HIV sequence variability. FASEB J 2007; 22:437-44. [PMID: 17932027 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7975com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
With HIV persisting lifelong in infected persons, therapeutic vaccination is a novel alternative concept to control virus replication. Even though CD8 and CD4 cell responses to such immunizations have been demonstrated, their effects on virus replication are still unclear. In view of this fact, we studied the impact of a therapeutic vaccination with HIV nef delivered by a recombinant modified vaccinia Ankara vector on viral diversity. We investigated HIV sequences derived from chronically infected persons before and after therapeutic vaccination. Before immunization the mean +/- se pairwise variability of patient-derived Nef protein sequences was 0.1527 +/- 0.0041. After vaccination the respective value was 0.1249 +/- 0.0042, resulting in a significant (P<0.0001) difference between the two time points. The genes vif and 5'gag tested in parallel and nef sequences in control persons yielded a constant amino acid sequence variation. The data presented suggest that Nef immunization induced a selective pressure, limiting HIV sequence variability. To our knowledge this is the first report directly linking therapeutic HIV vaccination to decreasing diversity in patient-derived virus isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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