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Xie RP, Liang XF, Peng D, Zhang QW, Wu DL, Chen JL, Zeng M. Dietary supplementation of pyridoxine can enhance the growth performance and improve the protein, lipid utilization efficiency of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:1063-1078. [PMID: 37542702 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of pyridoxine supplementation in the mandarin fish diet on growth performance, protein and lipid metabolism, and liver and intestinal histology. Mandarin fish were fed six diets with different levels of pyridoxine (2.67 mg/kg (control), 4.41 mg/kg, 6.57 mg/kg, 10.25 mg/kg, 17.93 mg/kg, 33.12 mg/kg diet) for 8 weeks, and samples were collected for analysis. The findings demonstrated that feeding mandarin fish a diet with 6.57 mg/kg pyridoxine led to a significant increase in weight gain rate (WGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), whole-body crude protein, whole-body crude lipid, serum protein, cholesterol (CHO), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as significantly lower serum glucose (GLU) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found a significant upregulation of the relative expression of genes associated with hepatic lipid oxidation and synthesis (hl, lpl, pparα, cpt1, cs, srebp1, and fas) and proteolysis (ast, alt, and gdh) in fish fed a diet containing 6.57 mg/kg pyridoxine (P < 0.05). Regarding the histological analysis, we observed a notable decrease in the quantity of intestinal mucus-secreting cells when the fish fed a diet containing 10.25 mg/kg pyridoxine (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that dietary pyridoxine supplementation promotes mandarin fish growth by improving the efficiency of protein and lipid utilization. Additionally, we used a broken-line regression analysis to estimate the optimal dietary pyridoxine requirement for mandarin fish in the range of 6.17-6.41 mg/kg based on WGR, FCR, and PER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Peng Xie
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Di Peng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Liang Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun-Liang Chen
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Wan M, Zheng C, Zheng J, Duan G, Yu J, Zhang P, Yin Y, Zhao X. Different effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on composition of fatty acid and free amino acid, and fatty metabolism in the different muscles of broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103001. [PMID: 37604020 PMCID: PMC10458338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the study, 336 broiler chickens were selected to explore dietary effects of different β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) levels (0 (control), 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15%) on the compositions of fatty acids and free amino acids, and lipid metabolism in the different muscles of broilers. In the breast muscle, dietary HMB supplementation hardly affected the free amino acid composition (P > 0.05). Compared to the control group, dietary 0.10 and 0.15% HMB supplementation decreased the content of C18:1n9c and thus the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and dietary 0.15% HMB supplementation increased the sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared to the control group, dietary 0.05 and 0.10% HMB increased the mRNA expression of proliferator activated receptor-γ and the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS), and dietary 0.10% HMB increased the acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity (P < 0.05). In the leg muscle, dietary 0.10 and 0.15% HMB increased the MUFA content and decreased the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, the PUFA to SFA ratio, the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c, and the activities of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 and acetyl-CoA synthetase (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary 0.10% HMB decreased the activities of hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 and FAS in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary 0.05% HMB decreased the contents of essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids (NEAA), and dietary 0.15% HMB decreased the NEAA content (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary 0.10% HMB supplementation had superior efficiency on lipogenesis in the breast muscle of broilers. However, dietary HMB supplementation, especially at the level of 0.05 and 0.15%, decreased meat nutritional values and the lipogenesis in leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliao Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xichen Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
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Wu JM, Zhaori G, Mei L, Ren XM, Laga AT, Deligen B. Plantamajoside modulates immune dysregulation and hepatic lipid metabolism in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via AMPK/Nrf2 elevation. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:801-810. [PMID: 37265208 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic metabolic syndrome with a rapidly increasing prevalence globally. Plantamajoside (PMS), a phenylethanoid glycoside component extracted from Plantago asiatica, has various biological properties. However, its effect on NAFLD remains unknown. The study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of PMS on NAFLD in the high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding rats. PMS induced a decrease in body and liver weight, and the amelioration in the blood lipid parameters and pathological symptoms in HFD-feeding rats. The increase in the serum concentrations and the relative protein expressions of proinflammatory factors was decreased by the PMS treatment in HFD-induced NAFLD rats. Additionally, PMS reduced the excessive lipid vacuoles, and modified the relative expressions of proteins involved in the fatty acid synthesis and uptake in HFD-feeding rats. Mechanically, the downregulation of AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in HFD-feeding rats was restored by the PMS treatment. Inhibition of AMPK pathway reversed the PMS-induced the increase in the level of inflammatory factors, pathological symptoms, excessive lipid vacuoles, and the relative expression of proteins involved in the fatty acid synthesis and uptake. Collectively, PMS ameliorated immune dysregulation and abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism by activating AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in rats with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Mu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Getu Zhaori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiao-Man Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Arong Tong Laga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Batu Deligen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
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Becker SL, Humphrey DC, Karriker LA, Brown JT, Skoland KJ, Greiner LL. The effects of dietary essential fatty acid ratios and energy level on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and inflammation in grow-finish pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad151. [PMID: 37170903 PMCID: PMC10226270 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) level and the ratio of linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid (LA:ALA) on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, circulatory and joint inflammatory status, and synovial fluid proteome of grow-finish pigs. A total of 224 pigs (BW = 41.5 ± 6.1 kg; PIC Genus 337 × 1050, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to either a high (3.55 Mcal/kg; HE) or low (3.29 Mcal/kg; LE) ME dietary treatment with a high (23:1) or low (12:1) LA:ALA in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Diets were fed across three 28-d phases. Pigs were housed either four barrows or four gilts per pen. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 84. Synovial fluid was collected from the hock and carpus joints on days 0 and 84. Liver and adipose tissue samples were collected on day 84. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with pen as the experimental unit and energy level, essential fatty acid ratio, sex, phase, and their interactions as fixed effects. Compared to LE, HE increased days 28, 56, and 84 body weight (BW; P = 0.005). For the overall period, HE increased average daily gain (ADG) compared to LE (P < 0.001) and improved feed efficiency (P = 0.001), while LE increased feed intake compared to HE (P < 0.001). Gilts receiving diets with low LA:ALA had similar final BW to barrows receiving a low LA:ALA at days 28, 56, and 84 (P = 0.024), resulting from improved overall days 0-84 ADG compared to gilts receiving the high LA:ALA (P = 0.031). In the liver, HE decreased the mRNA abundance of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACACA; P = 0.004), cluster of differentiation 36 (P = 0.034), and tended to decrease fatty acid synthase (FASN; P = 0.056). In adipose tissue, HE decreased ACACA (P = 0.001) and FASN (P = 0.017). Plasma inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were reduced on day 84 compared to day 0 (P ≤ 0.014). In the hock and carpus synovial fluid, LE tended to reduce CRP and TNFα (P ≤ 0.096). Hock and carpus synovial fluid CRP were also reduced on day 84 compared to day 0 (P = 0.001). Age of the pig impacted serum and hock synovial fluid protein abundance, but not energy level, LA:ALA, or their interactions (P < 0.05). To conclude, the high and low LA:ALA ratios utilized in this study can be fed at varying energy levels without impacting growth. Additionally, LA:ALA ratios can differentially impact the growth of barrows and gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser L Becker
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dalton C Humphrey
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Locke A Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Medicine, Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Justin T Brown
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Medicine, Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kristin J Skoland
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Medicine, Swine Medicine Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Laura L Greiner
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Gomes MDS, Duarte ME, Saraiva A, de Oliveira LL, Teixeira LM, Rocha GC. Effect of antibiotics and low-crude protein diets on growth performance, health, immune response, and fecal microbiota of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad357. [PMID: 37843846 PMCID: PMC10630186 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of diets with and without antibiotics supplementation and diets with 18.5% and 13.0% crude protein (CP) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, disease incidence, fecal microbiota, immune response, and antioxidant capacity of growing pigs. One hundred and eighty pigs (59-day-old; 18.5 ± 2.5 kg) were distributed in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, nine replicates, and five pigs per pen. The factors were CP (18.5% or 13.0%) and antibiotics (none or 100 mg/kg tiamulin + 506 mg/kg oxytetracycline). Medicated diets were fed from days 59 to 73. After that, all pigs were fed their respective CP diets from 73 to 87 days. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure in SAS version 9.4. From days 59 to 73, pigs fed antibiotics diets had higher (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), compared to the diets without antibiotics. From days 73 to 87 (postmedicated period), any previous supplementation of antibiotics did not affect pig growth performance. Overall (days 59 to 87), pigs-fed antibiotics diets had higher (P < 0.05) G:F compared to pigs-fed diets without antibiotics. In all periods evaluated, pigs fed 18.5% CP diets had higher (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed 13.0% CP. Pigs fed the 13.0% CP diets had lower (P < 0.05) fecal score and diarrhea incidence than those fed 18.5% CP. Pigs fed 18.5% CP diets had improved (P < 0.05) loin area compared to pigs-fed diets with 13.0% CP. At 66 days of age, pigs-fed antibiotics diets had lower (P < 0.05) alpha diversity estimated with Shannon and Simpson compared to the pig-fed diets without antibiotics. At family level, pigs fed 18.5% CP diets had higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Streptococcaceae, and lower (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Clostridiaceae at days 66 and 87 compared with pigs fed 13.0% CP. Pigs-fed antibiotics diets had lower (P < 0.05) immunoglobulin G and protein carbonyl concentrations at day 66 compared to the pigs-fed diets without antibiotics. The reduction of dietary CP from 18.5% to 13.0% reduced the growth performance and loin muscle area of growing pigs, although it was effective to reduce diarrhea incidence. Antibiotics improved growth performance, lowered diarrhea incidence, improved components of the humoral immune response, and reduced microbiota diversity. However, in the postmedicated period, we found no residual effect on the general health of the animals, and considering the overall period, only G:F was improved by the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykelly da S Gomes
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos E Duarte
- Departament of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
| | - Alysson Saraiva
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas M Teixeira
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Rocha
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Kim DY, Lim B, Lim D, Park W, Lee KT, Cho ES, Lim KS, Cheon SN, Choi BH, Park JE, Kim JM. Integrative methylome and transcriptome analysis of porcine abdominal fat indicates changes in fat metabolism and immune responses during different development. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac302. [PMID: 36074647 PMCID: PMC9733533 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat is involved in synthesizing fatty acids (FAs), FA circulation, and lipid metabolism. Various genetic studies have been conducted on porcine fat but understanding the growth and specific adipose tissue is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to investigate the epigenetic difference in abdominal fat according to the growth of porcine. The samples were collected from the porcine abdominal fat of different developmental stages (10 and 26 weeks of age). Then, the samples were sequenced using MBD-seq and RNA-seq for profiling DNA methylation and RNA expression. In 26 weeks of age pigs, differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as 2,251 and 5,768, compared with 10 weeks of age pigs, respectively. Gene functional analysis was performed using GO and KEGG databases. In functional analysis results of DMGs and DEGs, immune responses such as chemokine signaling pathways, B cell receptor signaling pathways, and lipid metabolism terms such as PPAR signaling pathways and fatty acid degradation were identified. It is thought that there is an influence between DNA methylation and gene expression through changes in genes with similar functions. The effects of DNA methylation on gene expression were investigated using cis-regulation and trans-regulation analysis to integrate and interpret different molecular layers. In the cis-regulation analysis using 629 overlapping genes between DEGs and DMGs, immune response functions were identified, while in trans-regulation analysis through the TF-target gene network, the co-expression network of lipid metabolism-related functions was distinguished. Our research provides an understanding of the underlying mechanisms for epigenetic regulation in porcine abdominal fat with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Young Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwi Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Dajeong Lim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheol Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Cho
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Si Nae Cheon
- Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hwan Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
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Zhu C, Yang J, Wu Q, Chen J, Yang X, Wang L, Jiang Z. Low Protein Diet Improves Meat Quality and Modulates the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Finishing Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:843957. [PMID: 35656169 PMCID: PMC9152361 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.843957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a low protein (LP) diet on growth performance, nitrogen emission, carcass traits, meat quality, and gut microbiota in finishing pigs. Fifty-four barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to three treatments with six replicates (pens) of three pigs each. The pigs were fed with either high protein (HP, 16% CP), medium protein (MP, 12% CP), and LP diets (10% CP), respectively. The LP diets did not influence the growth performance, but significantly decreased the plasma urea nitrogen contents and fecal nitrogen emission (P < 0.05). The LP diet significantly decreased the plasma contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the plasma glutathione (GSH) contents (P < 0.05). The LP diets significantly increased the backfat thickness at the first and last ribs, L* (lightness) value of meat color, and muscle fiber density in the longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05). The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), leptin, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) was significantly downregulated, while that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and myosin heavy chain (MYHC) IIx in the longissimus Dorsi muscle was significantly upregulated by LP diets (P < 0.05). The 16S sequencing analysis showed that the abundance of unidentified Bacteria at the phylum level, and Halanaerobium and Butyricicoccusat at the genus level in the colonic digesta were significantly decreased by LP diet (P < 0.05). The LP diet significantly decreased the observed species of α-diversity in both ileal and colonic microbiota (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis identified a significant positive correlation between the abundance of the ileal genera Streptococcus and L* value at 24 and 48 h, and a significant negative correlation between unidentified_Ruminococcasceae in both ileum and colon with L* value at 24 h (P < 0.05). Collectively, the LP diet supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan could reduce the fecal nitrogen emission without affecting growth performance and improve meat quality by regulating the antioxidant capacity and gene expression involved in fat metabolism as well as modulating the gut microbiota composition in finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jingsen Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingping Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Zongyong Jiang
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Malgwi IH, Halas V, Grünvald P, Schiavon S, Jócsák I. Genes Related to Fat Metabolism in Pigs and Intramuscular Fat Content of Pork: A Focus on Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020150. [PMID: 35049772 PMCID: PMC8772548 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The intramuscular fat (IMF) or marbling is an essential pork sensory quality that influences the preference of the consumers and premiums for pork. IMF is the streak of visible fat intermixed with the lean within a muscle fibre and determines sensorial qualities of pork such as flavour, tenderness and juiciness. Fat metabolism and IMF development are controlled by dietary nutrients, genes, and their metabolic pathways in the pig. Nutrigenetics explains how the genetic make-up of an individual pig influences the pig’s response to dietary nutrient intake. Differently, nutrigenomics is the analysis of how the entire genome of an individual pig is affected by dietary nutrient intake. The knowledge of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, when harmonized, is a powerful tool in estimating nutrient requirements for swine and programming dietary nutrient supply according to an individual pig’s genetic make-up. The current paper aimed to highlight the roles of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of fat metabolism and IMF deposition in pigs. This knowledge is essential in redefining nutritional intervention for swine production and the improvement of some economically important traits such as growth performance, backfat thickness, IMF accretion, disease resistance etc., in animals. Abstract Fat metabolism and intramuscular fat (IMF) are qualitative traits in pigs whose development are influenced by several genes and metabolic pathways. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics offer prospects in estimating nutrients required by a pig. Application of these emerging fields in nutritional science provides an opportunity for matching nutrients based on the genetic make-up of the pig for trait improvements. Today, integration of high throughput “omics” technologies into nutritional genomic research has revealed many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the mutation(s) of key genes directly or indirectly involved in fat metabolism and IMF deposition in pigs. Nutrient–gene interaction and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in fatty acid synthesis and marbling in pigs is difficult to unravel. While existing knowledge on QTLs and SNPs of genes related to fat metabolism and IMF development is yet to be harmonized, the scientific explanations behind the nature of the existing correlation between the nutrients, the genes and the environment remain unclear, being inconclusive or lacking precision. This paper aimed to: (1) discuss nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetic mechanisms controlling fat metabolism and IMF accretion in pigs; (2) highlight the potentials of these concepts in pig nutritional programming and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Hyeladi Malgwi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-33-17566768
| | - Veronika Halas
- Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Utca 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Petra Grünvald
- Department of Farm Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Utca 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; (V.H.); (P.G.)
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Ildikó Jócsák
- Institute of Agronomy, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Utca 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
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Zhao X, Liu Y, Ding H, Huang P, Yin Y, Deng J, Kong X. Effects of Different Dietary Protein Levels on the Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, Fecal Nitrogen, and Carcass Traits of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:777671. [PMID: 34988141 PMCID: PMC8720777 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.777671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Huanjiang mini-pig is a Chinese local breed and, the optimal dietary crude protein (CP) level for this breed is still unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate its optimum dietary CP level upon the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, fecal nitrogen content, and carcass traits. Three independent trials with 360 pigs were included. A total of 220 pigs (5.32 ± 0.46 kg) were fed ad libitum, either a 14, 16, 18, 20, or 22% CP diet from about 5- to 10-kg (trial 1); 84 pigs (11.27 ± 1.43 kg) were fed either a 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20% CP diet from about 10- to 20-kg (trial 2); and 56 pigs (18.80 ± 2.21 kg) were fed either a 10, 12, 14, 16, or 18% CP diet from about 20- to 30-kg (trial 3). In trial 1, as dietary CP levels increased, the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) and was minimal at the 18.42% CP level. The average daily feed intake (ADFI) and final body weight (BW) were not affected by dietary CP levels while the fat percentage decreased (p < 0.05). Besides, a linear decrease in slaughter rate (p = 0.06) and a linear increase in bone percentage (p < 0.05), serum urea nitrogen (UN) (P < 0.05), and fecal nitrogen content (p = 0.07) of pigs were observed. In trial 2, as dietary CP levels increased, the average daily gain quadratically increased (p < 0.05) and was maximum at the 16.70% CP level. The slaughter rate linearly decreased (p < 0.05) whereas the skin rate, serum UN, and NH3-N increased (p < 0.05) linearly, as well as fecal nitrogen content (p = 0.06). In trial 3, as dietary CP levels increased, the F/G increased (p < 0.05), while the ADFI and ADG quadratically decreased (p < 0.05) and was maximum at nearly 14.00% CP level. The bone percentage and serum UN increased (p < 0.05) linearly but the slaughter rate decreased (P < 0.05) linearly, and the fecal nitrogen content quadratically decreased (p = 0.07) whereas the albumin increased (p < 0.05) quadratically. Taken together, the optimal dietary CP levels for growth performance of Huanjiang mini-pigs from 5- to 10-kg, 10- to 20-kg, and 20- to 30-kg were 18.42, 16.70, and 14.00%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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Chung KY, Kim J, Johnson BJ. All-trans retinoic acid alters the expression of adipogenic genes during the differentiation of bovine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1397-1410. [PMID: 34957453 PMCID: PMC8672257 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the influence of all-trans retinoic
acid (ATRA) on adipogenesis-related gene regulation in bovine intramuscular (IM)
and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells during differentiation. Bovine IM and SC
adipocytes were isolated from three 19-mo-old, crossbred steers. Adipogenic
differentiation was induced upon cultured IM and SC preadipocytes with various
doses (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) of ATRA. After 96 h of incubation,
cells were harvested and used to measure the gene expression of
CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ),
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ,
glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), stearoyl CoA
desaturase (SCD), and Smad transcription factor 3
(Smad3) relative to the quantity of ribosomal protein
subunit 9 (RPS 9). Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist also
tested to identify the effect of ATRA on PPARγ -RAR related gene
expression in IM cells. The addition of ATRA to bovine IM decreased
(p < 0.05) expression of PPARγ. The
expression of PPARγ was also tended to be downregulated
(p < 0.1) in high levels (10 μM) of ATRA
treatment in SC cells. The treatment of RAR antagonist increased the expression
of PPARγ in IM cells. Expression of
C/EBPβ decreased (p < 0.05)
in SC, but no change was observed in IM (p > 0.05).
Increasing levels of ATRA may block adipogenic differentiation via
transcriptional regulation of PPARγ. The efficacy of ATRA treatment in
adipose cells may vary depending on the location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Yong Chung
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jongkyoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science & Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Valizadeh M, Aghasizadeh M, Saberi-Karimian M, Safari M, Rohban M, Bana HS, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Tavakkol Afshari HS, Moradi A, Ahangari N, Hashemi M, Nematy M, Bahre EA, Aghaei-Bakhtiari SH, Ghazizadeh H, Esmaily H, Ferns GA, Pasdar A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of macro-and micro-nutrients dietary intakes with rs2241883 genetic variants of FABP 1 gene in MASHAD study population. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 45:262-266. [PMID: 34620327 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a relationship between macro-nutrient-intakes and the genes implicated in lipid metabolism. In this study, we assessed the association between macro-and micro-nutrients dietary intakes with rs2241883 genetic variants of the FABP1 gene. METHODS For this cross-sectional study 2737 subjects (including 2203 subjects with dyslipidemia and 534 healthy volunteers) were enrolled as part of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study cohort. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). A NanoDrop®-1000 instrument was used to do the quantitation of DNA. The rs2241883 polymorphisms were genotyped using double ARMs PCR reactions. Genotyping reagents were obtained from Applied Biosystems. Dietary intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and validated by 2 consecutive 24-h food recalls. RESULTS The results showed no significant association between subjects with and without dyslipidemia (P > 0.05), except for the zinc to copper ratio, the value for which was higher in the subjects with dyslipidemia (4.78 (1.62)) when compared to subjects without dyslipidemia (4.68 (1.82)) (p = 0.05). Using different genetic models we found that zinc and copper were significantly different in the additive (p = 0.01) and dominant (p = 0.01) genetic models. Although, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS There were no associations between macro-and micro-nutrient dietary intakes with rs2241883 genetic variants after adjusting for confounding factors in the MASHAD study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maliheh Aghasizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Saberi-Karimian
- Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Safari
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohadese Rohban
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Safarian Bana
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare-Feyzabadi
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Biology, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ensieh Akbarpour Bahre
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaei-Bakhtiari
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Impact of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Female Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061829. [PMID: 34207398 PMCID: PMC8235084 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been reported that a high crude protein diet could reverse the diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver of mice and rodents. However, in vivo data supporting a functional role of a high crude protein diet on hepatic lipid metabolism-associated genes and proteins in weaned piglets is not available. In the present study, we aimed to provide a mechanistic insight into alterations in the hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis in response to different dietary crude protein levels. Our results demonstrated that dietary crude protein could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through regulating hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis. The result indicated an important role of dietary crude protein in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism in weaned piglets. Abstract Amino acids serve not only as building blocks for proteins, but also as substrates for the synthesis of low-molecular-weight substances involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. In the present study, eighteen weaned female piglets at 35 days of age were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet containing 20%, 17%, or 14% crude protein (CP), respectively. We found that 17% or 20% CP administration reduced the triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, while enhanced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in serum. Western blot analysis showed that piglets in the 20% CP group had higher protein abundance of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), as compared with other groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBPF1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) were lower in the 17% or 20% CP group, compared with those of the piglets administered with 14% CP. Of note, the mRNA level of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACα) was lower in the 17% CP group, compared with other groups. Additionally, the mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha α (PPARα), glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PKC1) in the liver of piglets in the 20% CP group were higher than those of the 14% CP group. Collectively, our results demonstrated that dietary CP could regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through altering hepatic lipid lipogenesis, lipolysis, oxidation, and gluconeogenesis.
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dos Santos Madeira MSM, Lopes PAAB, Martins CF, Assunção JMP, Alfaia CMRPM, Pinto RMA, Prates JAM. Dietary Arthrospira platensis improves systemic antioxidant potential and changes plasma lipids without affecting related hepatic metabolic pathways in post-weaned piglets. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:158. [PMID: 33849543 PMCID: PMC8045302 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of a high level of dietary Arthrospira platensis, individually or in combination with two exogenous carbohydrate-degrading enzymes (lysozyme and Rovabio®), to improve systemic antioxidant potential and hepatic lipid metabolism was tested in piglets. Forty male post-weaned piglets, sons of Large White × Landrace sows crossed with Pietrain boars, were allocated into 4 groups (n = 10) and fed during 28 days one of the following diets: 1) a control basal diet (cereal and soybean meal); 2) a basal diet with 10% of A. platensis (AP); 3) the AP diet supplemented with 0.005% of Rovabio® (AP + R); 4) the AP diet supplemented with 0.01% of lysozyme (AP + L). RESULTS Arthrospira platensis decreased BW gain of piglets, regardless the addition of feed enzymes. The majority of plasma metabolites were affected by diets. A. platensis increased total lipids, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, without changing hepatic fatty acid content or modulating, in an expressive manner, the transcriptional profile of lipid sensitive mediators. The antioxidant potential in general, and total carotenoids in particular, were improved by the microalga, regardless lysozyme or Rovabio®. CONCLUSIONS Summing up, A. platensis, individually and combined with feed enzymes, impacts negatively on piglets' growth but improves the systemic antioxidant potential and changes plasma lipids with a minor modulation on related hepatic metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sofia Morgado dos Santos Madeira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Antunes Brás Lopes
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Falcão Martins
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Pestana Assunção
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Maria Riscado Pereira Mateus Alfaia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Amaro Pinto
- iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José António Mestre Prates
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Urinary Medium-Chained Acyl-Carnitines Sign High Caloric Intake whereas Short-Chained Acyl-Carnitines Sign High -Protein Diet within a High-Fat, Hypercaloric Diet in a Randomized Crossover Design Dietary Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041191. [PMID: 33916877 PMCID: PMC8066704 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The western dietary pattern is known for its frequent meals rich in saturated fat and protein, resulting in a postprandial state for a large part of the day. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism in response to high (HP) or normal (NP) protein, high-fat hypercaloric diet and to identify early biomarkers of protein intake and hepatic lipid accumulation. In a crossover design, 17 healthy subjects were randomly assigned to consume a HP or NP hypercaloric diet for two weeks. In parallel, a control group (CD; n = 10) consumed a weight-maintaining control diet. Biomarkers of postprandial lipid and glucose metabolism were measured in 24 h urine and in plasma before and following a meal challenge. The metabolic profile of urine but not plasma, showed increased excretion of 13C, carnitine and short chain acyl-carnitines after adaptation to the HP diet. Urinary excretion of decatrienoylcarnitine and octenoylcarnitine increased after adaptation to the NP diet. Our results suggest that the higher excretion of short-chain urinary acyl-carnitines could facilitate the elimination of excess fat of the HP diet and thereby reduce hepatic fat accumulation previously reported, whereas the higher excretion medium-chains acyl-carnitine could be early biomarkers of hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Han J, Guo T, Yue Y, Lu Z, Liu J, Yuan C, Niu C, Yang M, Yang B. Quantitative proteomic analysis identified differentially expressed proteins with tail/rump fat deposition in Chinese thin- and fat-tailed lambs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246279. [PMID: 33529214 PMCID: PMC7853479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tail adipose as one of the important functional tissues can enhance hazardous environments tolerance for sheep. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the underlying development mechanisms of this trait. A quantitative analysis of protein abundance in ovine tail/rump adipose tissue was performed between Chinese local fat- (Kazakh, Hu and Lanzhou) and thin-tailed (Alpine Merino, Tibetan) sheep in the present study by using lable-free approach. Results showed that 3400 proteins were identified in the five breeds, and 804 were differentially expressed proteins, including 638 up regulated proteins and 83 down regulated proteins in the tail adipose tissues between fat- and thin-tailed sheep, and 8 clusters were distinguished for all the DEPs’ expression patterns. The differentially expressed proteins are mainly associated with metabolism pathways and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, the proteomics results were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot. Our research has also suggested that the up-regulated proteins ACSL1, HSD17β4, FABP4 in the tail adipose tissue might contribute to tail fat deposition by facilitating the proliferation of adipocytes and fat accumulation in tail/rump of sheep. Particularly, FABP4 highly expressed in the fat-tail will play an important role for tail fat deposition. Our study might provide a novel view to understanding fat accumulation in special parts of the body in sheep and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilong Han
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, CAAS, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chune Niu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, CAAS, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (BY)
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sheep and Goat Breeding, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (MY); (BY)
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Ribeiro DM, Planchon S, Leclercq CC, Dentinho MTP, Bessa RJB, Santos-Silva J, Paulos K, Jerónimo E, Renaut J, Almeida AM. The effects of improving low dietary protein utilization on the proteome of lamb tissues. J Proteomics 2020; 223:103798. [PMID: 32380293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cistus ladanifer L. is a common shrub endemic to the Mediterranean region with high levels of condensed tannins (CT). CT form complexes with dietary protein resisting microbial degradation in the rumen, which enhances dietary protein utilization in ruminant diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utilization of CT in the diet of lambs on the proteomes of muscle, hepatic and adipose tissues. Twenty-four Merino Branco ram lambs were randomly allocated to three treatments (n = 8): C - control (160 g crude protein (CP)) per kg DM, RP - reduced protein (120 g CP/kg DM); and RPCT - reduced protein (120 g CP/kg DM) treated with CT extract. At the end of the trial, lambs were slaughtered and the longissimus lumborum muscle, hepatic and peri-renal adipose tissues sampled. A two-way approach was used for proteomic analysis: 2D-DIGE and nanoLC-MS. In the muscle, C lambs had lower abundance proteins that partake in the glycolysis pathway than the lambs of other treatments. Control lambs had lower abundance of Fe-carrying proteins in the hepatic tissue than RP and RPCT lambs. The latter lambs had highest abundance of hepatic flavin reductase. In the adipose tissue, C lambs had lowest abundance of fatty-acid synthase. SIGNIFICANCE: soybean meal is an expensive feedstuff in which intensive animal production systems heavily rely on. It is a source of protein extensively degraded in the rumen, leading to efficiency losses on dietary protein utilization during digestion. Protection of dietary protein from extensive ruminal degradation throughout the use of plants or extracts rich in CT allow an increase in the digestive utilization of feed proteins. In addition to enhance the protein digestive utilization, dietary CT may induce other beneficial effects in ruminants such as the improvement of the antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Ribeiro
- LEAF Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Green Tech platform, Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - S Planchon
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Green Tech platform, Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - C C Leclercq
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Green Tech platform, Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - M T P Dentinho
- CIISA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Univ. Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo Investigação da Fonte Boa (INIAV-Fonte Boa), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
| | - R J B Bessa
- CIISA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Univ. Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Santos-Silva
- CIISA - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Av. Univ. Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo Investigação da Fonte Boa (INIAV-Fonte Boa), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
| | - K Paulos
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Pólo Investigação da Fonte Boa (INIAV-Fonte Boa), 2005-048 Santarém, Portugal
| | - E Jerónimo
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - J Renaut
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Green Tech platform, Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - A M Almeida
- LEAF Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
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17
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Song CH, Oh SM, Lee S, Choi Y, Kim JD, Jang A, Kim J. The Ratio of Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Influences the Fat Composition and Lipogenic Enzyme Activity in Adipose Tissue of Growing Pigs. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:242-253. [PMID: 32161919 PMCID: PMC7057037 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a growing interest among consumers in selecting healthier meat with a greater proportion of essential fatty acids (FA). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different ratios of dietary n-6:n-3 on growth performance, FA profile of longissimus dorsi (LD), relative gene expression of cytokines, meat quality, and blood parameters in finishing pigs. A total of 108 finishing pigs was randomly allotted to three treatments including a control (basal diet) and low ratios (4:1 and 2:1) of n-6:n-3. The 4:1 and 2:1 diets decreased the overall stearic acid in LD. There were reductions in the content of stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, total saturated acid, and n-6:n-3 ratio of LD in pigs fed 4:1 and 2:1 diet compared with the control diet. The 4:1 and 2:1 diets increased the concentration of α-Linolenic acid and polyunsaturated FA in the LD of pigs. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme gene was down-regulated in pigs fed 2:1 diet compared with finishing pigs fed the control or 4:1 diets. The relative expression of hormone-sensitive lipase was increased in pigs fed 2:1 and 4:1 ratio diets. Lower total cholesterol of plasma was observed in finishing pigs fed 2:1 and 4:1 diets. The cooking loss ratio of meat was lower in pigs fed the 2:1 and 4:1 diets compared with the control diet. Pigs fed the 4:1 and 2:1 diets had greater final body weight. In conclusion, the 2:1 and 4:1 diets have the potential to increase the meat quality and growth performance of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Song
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Seung Min Oh
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 63052, Korea
| | - SuHyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - YoHan Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Jeong Dae Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Aera Jang
- Department of Applied Animal Science, BK21 Plus Program, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - JinSoo Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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18
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Espinosa CD, Fry RS, Kocher ME, Stein HH. Effects of copper hydroxychloride on growth performance and abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skz369. [PMID: 31901093 PMCID: PMC6978892 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that copper (Cu) hydroxychloride improves growth performance by upregulating the mRNA transcription of genes involved in lipid metabolism of pigs fed a diet based on corn, soybean meal (SBM), and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Thirty-two pigs (15.05 ± 0.98 kg) were allotted to 2 dietary treatments with 2 pigs per pen for a total of 8 replicate pens per treatment. Pigs were fed a corn-SBM-DDGS control diet that included Cu to meet the requirement. A second diet was formulated by adding 150 mg Cu/kg from copper hydroxychloride to the control diet. On the last day of the experiment, one pig per pen was sacrificed, and samples from liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected to analyze relative mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Results indicated that overall ADG and G:F were greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed the diet containing copper hydroxychloride compared with pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the diet supplemented with copper hydroxychloride also had increased (P < 0.05) abundance of cluster of differentiation 36 in the liver and increased (P < 0.05) abundance of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and lipoprotein lipase in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Inclusion of copper hydroxychloride also tended to increase (P < 0.10) the abundance of fatty acid-binding protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B in the liver, skeletal muscle, and subcutaneous adipose tissue, respectively. This indicates that dietary Cu may affect signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism by improving the uptake, transport, and utilization of fatty acids. In conclusion, supplementation of copper hydroxychloride to the control diet improved growth performance and upregulated the abundance of some genes involved in postabsorptive metabolism of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana
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19
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Growth and Metabolic Response of Chinese Perch to Different Dietary Protein-to-Energy Ratios in Artificial Diets. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235983. [PMID: 31795078 PMCID: PMC6928951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary nutrients on novel farm species has always garnered wide research and economic interest. Chinese perch, an economically important carnivorous fish, accepts an artificial diet after taming, so it is essential to evaluate and optimize the nutritional and metabolic demands of this species. However, little is known about the effect of an artificial diet on the growth and metabolism of Chinese perch. Therefore, the present study evaluated the growth and metabolic responses of Chinese perch to experimental diets with different dietary protein/energy (P/E) ratios. Five isoenergetic diets (18 kJ/g) with graded levels of P/E ratios of 30.58, 33.22, 35.90, 38.6, and 41.35 mg/kJ (named A, B, C, D, and E) were formulated. A total of 225 Chinese perch (64.89 ± 0.28 g) were divided into five groups (triplicate tanks for each group), distributed into 15 (350 L) fiberglass tanks, and fed twice a day at 4% of fish wet body weight with the respective P/E ratio diets for 10 weeks. Compared with the other groups, Chinese perch in Group C showed significantly improved growth performance, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), viscerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF), feed utilization, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein retention efficiency (PRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), and feed efficiency (FE) as well as whole-body, muscle, and liver composition. Chinese perch in Group A, on the other hand, had the lowest growth performance, feed utilization, and body composition compared with the other groups. The activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and adenosine 5′-monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)) as well as the mRNA expression of the GDH and AMPD genes were significantly lower than those in the other groups. Similarly, the expression of NPY and AgRp were significantly higher in Group C compared with the other groups. However, the gene expression of CART and POMC was not affected by the dietary P/E ratios. In Group A, the expression of mTOR, S6K, and 4EBP1 was significantly lower and that of AMPK, LKB1, and eEF2 was significantly higher when compared with the other groups. Biochemical analysis of blood showed that ALT, AST, total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (GLU), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and triglyceride (TG) levels were also affected by the dietary P/E ratio. From our results, we concluded that Chinese perch growth performance and nutrient metabolism were significantly affected by the P/E ratio of the artificial diet. Second-order polynomial regression analysis revealed that Chinese perch growth performance was optimal at a P/E ratio of 37.98 in the artificial diet.
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20
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Bravo AE, Osnaya LC, Ramírez EI, Jacobo VH, Ortiz A. The effect of bone marrow on the mechanical behavior of porcine trabecular bone. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab4dc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Zhang HZ, Chen DW, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Mao XB, Huang ZQ, Luo YH, Luo JQ, Yu B. Long-term dietary resveratrol supplementation decreased serum lipids levels, improved intramuscular fat content, and changed the expression of several lipid metabolism-related miRNAs and genes in growing-finishing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1745-1756. [PMID: 30852606 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, serum lipid profiles, intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition, and the expression levels of several lipid metabolism-related miRNAs and genes in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 36 healthy crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average initial BW of 24.67 ± 3.49 kg were randomly divided into two groups and fed either with a basal diet (CON) or basal diet containing 600 mg/kg resveratrol (RES). The trial lasted for 119 d. Resveratrol had no significant effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics. However, the concentrations of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein were lower in RES group than those of CON group (P < 0.05). Dietary resveratrol supplementation increased the IMF content in longissimus dorsi (P < 0.05), up-regulated mRNA abundances of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and lipoprotein lipase (P < 0.05), while downregulated mRNA abundances of carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, sirtuin 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (P < 0.05) in LM. In addition, resveratrol enhanced (P < 0.05) the expression of ssc-miR-181a, ssc-miR-370, and ssc-miR-21 and reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of ssc-miR-27a in longissimus dorsi. These results indicated that dietary resveratrol supplementation significantly improved IMF content and decreased serum lipids levels, which might be related with the changes in ssc-miR-181a, ssc-miR-370, ssc-miR-21, ssc-miR-27a and their downstream genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Z Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daiwen W Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiangbing B Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Q Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng H Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Junqiu Q Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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22
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Lu X, Wen H, Li Q, Wang G, Li P, Chen J, Sun Y, Yang C, Wu F. Comparative analysis of growth performance and liver transcriptome response of juvenile Ancherythroculter nigrocauda fed diets with different protein levels. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 31:100592. [PMID: 31200228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effects of dietary protein levels on the growth and liver transcriptome in juvenile Ancherythroculter nigrocauda. Six semi-purified diets were formulated containing 25 (control), 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% protein. Each diet was fed to three groups of 35 fish (mean initial weight: 5.86 ± 0.10 g) for 56 days. The rate of weight gain and specific growth rate increased with dietary protein levels from 25% to 40%, but remained unchanged when fed with 45 or 50% dietary protein. The feed conversion ratio was significantly influenced by the dietary protein levels, being the lowest in fish fed 40% protein. Illumina RNA-seq analysis was performed to investigate liver gene expression changes under different dietary protein treatments. A total of 367.78 million clean reads were obtained from the six libraries. Compared with 25% protein treatment library, there were 734, 1946, 1755, 2726, and 1523 upregulated genes, and 407, 1882, 1865, 2216 and 1624 downregulated genes in the 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50% protein treatment libraries, respectively. Trend analysis of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified six statistically significant trends. A series of DEGs that related to protein metabolism, growth and development, lipid metabolism and immune and stress response were identified. Moreover, gene ontology enrichment analysis of the DEGs demonstrated that cellular process, single-organism process, metabolic process and biological regulation were the most highly overrepresented biological processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, PPAR signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450s) were significantly enriched in the dietary protein treatment groups. Furthermore, qPCR results showed excellent agreement on those of RNA-seq for both up- and down-regulated genes (including fasn, accα, SCD, CPT-I, igf1, ST, AST, trdmt1, hsp70, cyp450, MHC-II, C4, tgfβ, ube4b, apoE and abcb7). Thus, our results provide the baseline information for the feed formulation and nutritional research for A. nigrocauda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China; Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430207, China.
| | - Guiying Wang
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China; Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Pei Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China; Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China; Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Fisheries Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China; Wuhan Xianfeng Aquaculture Technology Co. Ltd, Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Changgeng Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, Hubei, China
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23
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Zhu Y, Zhou P, Zhang L, Li J, Gao F, Zhou G. Effects of dietary crude protein levels and cysteamine supplementation on meat quality and related indices of finishing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2016-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein levels and cysteamine (CS) supplementation on meat quality and related indices in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. One hundred and twenty barrows were randomly allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with five replicates of six pigs each. The primary variations were crude protein levels (14% or 10%) and CS supplemental levels (0 or 140 mg kg−1). After 41 d, 10 pigs per treatment were slaughtered. The results showed that low-protein level diets (LPDs) decreased Warner–Bratzler shear force (P < 0.01) and increased the content of intramuscular fat (P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were up-regulated (P < 0.01), and the mRNA expressions of lipolytic genes were down-regulated (P < 0.01) in pigs fed LPD. LPDs increased the mRNA expressions of μ-calpain, and decreased the mRNA expression of calpastatin (P < 0.01). In addition, CS supplementation increased the mRNA expression of μ-calpain (P < 0.01). In conclusion, LPD improved the meat quality probably through regulating the lipogenesis, lipolysis, and the proteolysis process in muscle. The CS supplementation did not affect the meat quality of finishing pigs. Moreover, no significant interaction between dietary protein levels and CS supplementation for the meat quality of finishing pigs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.P. Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - P. Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - J.L. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - F. Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - G.H. Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Song B, Di S, Cui S, Chen N, Wang H, Wang X, Gao Q, Tong G, Wang H, Huang X, Ding L, Gao Y, Liu J, Wang X. Distinct Patterns of PPARγ Promoter Usage, Lipid Degradation Activity, and Gene Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Lean and Obese Swine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123892. [PMID: 30563100 PMCID: PMC6321263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue is a loose connective tissue specializing in the regulation of energy storage and metabolization. In domesticated pigs (Sus scrofa), the temporal development of subcutaneous adipose tissue is critical for meat production. However, the regulation of adipose tissue development remains unclear. Here, the subcutaneous adipose tissue development was characterized and compared in lean (Danish-Landrace) and obese (Min) pigs at juvenile and the juvenile-to-adult growth stages. Using RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue isolated from 4- and 16-week-old pigs and identified 24,718 expressed transcription units. Of them, 6327 genes were differentially expressed between the breeds and/or developmental stages. Compared with obese pigs, upregulated genes in lean pigs showed significant function and pathway enrichment in fatty acid degradation and mitochondrial functions. Further analysis uncovered the distinct usage preferences of the three alternative peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorγ (PPARγ) promoters associated with the development of subcutaneous adipose tissue in both breeds. Transcriptome analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean and obese pigs suggested that marker-assisted selection of fatty acid degradation and PPARγ signaling pathways could be important directions for future pork quality improvement and modern breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- The Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai St, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
- Animal Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 2 Heyi St, Longsha District, Qiqihaer 161005, China.
| | - Shengwei Di
- The Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai St, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shiquan Cui
- The Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai St, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Na Chen
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qian Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guizhi Tong
- Animal Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 2 Heyi St, Longsha District, Qiqihaer 161005, China.
| | - Hongbao Wang
- Animal Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 2 Heyi St, Longsha District, Qiqihaer 161005, China.
| | - Xuankai Huang
- The Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai St, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
- Animal Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 2 Heyi St, Longsha District, Qiqihaer 161005, China.
| | - Liyan Ding
- Animal Science Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 2 Heyi St, Longsha District, Qiqihaer 161005, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- The Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai St, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xibiao Wang
- The Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai St, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China.
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Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Chen Y, Han J, Patel SS. Suppression of abdominal fat and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of Emblica officinalis: Upregulation of PPARs and identification of active moiety. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1274-1281. [PMID: 30372828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient time, Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is being used for the management of various ailments. Phytochemical analysis proves that fruit juice of E. officinalis contains high amount gallic acid, which could be responsible for medicinal potentials. Hence in this study, gallic acid and fruit juice of E. officinalis were evaluated for anti-hyperlipidemic potential in various experimental animal models. Experimentally, hyperlipidemia was induced through administration of poloxamer-407, tyloxapol and high-fat-diet supplement in rats. Treatment with gallic acid as well as fruit juice of E. officinalis decreased plasma cholesterol and reduced oil infiltration in liver and aorta. Mechanistically, E. officinalis increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α (PPARα) expression and increased activity of lipid oxidation through carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) along with decreased activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes i.e. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and malic enzyme (ME). Additionally, E. officinalis increased cholesterol uptake through increased LDL-receptor expressions on hepatocytes and decreased LDL-receptor degradation due to decreased proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression. Simultaneously, E. officinalis showed ability to restore glucose homeostasis through increased Glut4 and PPARγ protein expression in adipose tissue. These findings exposed central role of gallic acid in E. officinalis arbitrated anti-hyperlipidemic action through upregulation of PPARs, Glut4 and lipogenic enzymes, and decreased expression of PCSK9 and lipogenic enzymes. Findings from this experiment demonstrated that E. officinalis is a potential therapy for management of hyperlipidemia and gallic acid could be a potential lead candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh C Variya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Anita K Bakrania
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Hellmuth C, Uhl O, Demmelmair H, Grunewald M, Auricchio R, Castillejo G, Korponay-Szabo IR, Polanco I, Roca M, Vriezinga SL, Werkstetter KJ, Koletzko B, Mearin ML, Kirchberg FF. The impact of human breast milk components on the infant metabolism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197713. [PMID: 29856767 PMCID: PMC5983411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Breastfeeding is beneficial for mothers and infants. Underlying mechanisms and biochemical mediators thus need to be investigated to develop and support improved infant nutrition practices promoting the child health. We analysed the relation between maternal breast milk composition and infant metabolism. METHODS 196 pairs of mothers and infants from a European research project (PreventCD) were studied. Maternal milk samples collected at month 1 and month 4 after birth were analysed for macronutrient classes, hormone, and fatty acid (FA) content. Phospholipids, acylcarnitines, and amino acids were measured in serum samples of 4-month old infants. Associations between milk components and infant metabolites were analysed with spearman correlation and linear mixed effect models (LME). P-values were corrected for multiple testing (PLME). RESULTS Month 1 milk protein content was strongly associated with infant serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) 14:0 (PLME = 0.009). Month 1 milk insulin was associated to infant acetylcarnitine (PLME = 0.01). There were no associations between milk protein content and serum amino acids and milk total fat content and serum polar lipids. Middle- and odd-chain FA% in breast milk at both ages were significantly related to serum LPC and sphingomyelins (SM) species in infant serum (all PLME<0.05), while FA% 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 percentages were significantly associated to serum LPC 22:6 (PLME = 1.91×10-4/7.93×10-5) in milk only at month 4. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids and hormones in milk showed only weak associations with infant serum metabolites. CONCLUSIONS Infant serum LPC are influenced by breast milk FA composition and, intriguingly, milk protein content in early but not late lactation. LPC 14:0, previously found positively associated with obesity risk, was the serum metabolite which was the most strongly associated to milk protein content. Thus, LPC 14:0 might be a key metabolite not only reflecting milk protein intake in infants, but also relating high protein content in milk or infant formula to childhood obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hellmuth
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Demmelmair
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Grunewald
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gemma Castillejo
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, URV, IIPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Ilma R. Korponay-Szabo
- Celiac Disease Center, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary and Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Isabel Polanco
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Roca
- U. Enfermedad Celiaca e Inmunopatología Digestiva, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabine L. Vriezinga
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina J. Werkstetter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Luisa Mearin
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Franca F. Kirchberg
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
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Madeira MSMDS, Rolo ESA, Pires VMR, Alfaia CMRPM, Coelho DFM, Lopes PAAB, Martins SIV, Pinto RMA, Prates JAM. Arginine supplementation modulates pig plasma lipids, but not hepatic fatty acids, depending on dietary protein level with or without leucine. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:145. [PMID: 28558680 PMCID: PMC5450298 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the present study, the effect of arginine and leucine supplementation, and dietary protein level, were investigated in commercial crossbred pigs to clarify their individual or combined impact on plasma metabolites, hepatic fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of lipid sensitive factors. The experiment was conducted on fifty-four entire male pigs (Duroc × Pietrain × Large White × Landrace crossbred) from 59 to 92 kg of live weight. Each pig was randomly assigned to one of six experimental treatments (n = 9). The treatments followed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, providing two levels of arginine supplementation (0 vs. 1%) and three levels of basal diet (normal protein diet, NPD; reduced protein diet, RPD; reduced protein diet with 2% of leucine, RPDL). Results Significant interactions between arginine supplementation and protein level were observed across plasma lipids. While dietary arginine increased total lipids, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerols in NPD, the inverse effect was observed in RPD. Overall, dietary treatments had a minor impact on hepatic fatty acid composition. RPD increased 18:1c9 fatty acid while the combination of leucine and RPD reduced 18:0 fatty acid. Arginine supplementation increased the gene expression of FABP1, which contributes for triacylglycerols synthesis without affecting hepatic fatty acids content. RPD, with or without leucine addition, upregulated the lipogenic gene CEBPA but downregulated the fat oxidation gene LPIN1. Conclusions Arginine supplementation was responsible for a modulated effect on plasma lipids, which is dependent on dietary protein level. It consistently increased lipaemia in NPD, while reducing the correspondent metabolites in RPD. In contrast, arginine had no major impact, neither on hepatic fatty acids content nor on fatty acid composition. Likewise, leucine supplementation of RPD, regardless the presence of arginine, promoted no changes on total fatty acids in the liver. Ultimately, arginine, leucine and dietary protein reduction seem to be unrelated with fatty liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sofia Morgado Dos Santos Madeira
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Sofia Alves Rolo
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Maria Rico Pires
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Diogo Francisco Maurício Coelho
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula Alexandra Antunes Brás Lopes
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Vargas Martins
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Manuel Amaro Pinto
- iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José António Mestre Prates
- CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Li Y, Wei H, Li F, Duan Y, Guo Q, Yin Y. Effects of Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acid on Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue of Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2839-2848. [PMID: 28296401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in low-protein diets on lipid metabolism in dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA), abdominal subcutaneous adipose (ASA), and perirenal adipose (PRA) tissues. A total of 24 piglets were allotted to four treatments, and each group was fed the adequate protein (AP) diet, low-protein (LP) diet, LP diet supplemented with BCAA (LP + B), or LP diet supplemented with twice BCAA (LP + 2B). Serum concentrations of leptin in the BCAA-supplemented treatments were higher (P < 0.01) than in the AP treatment, but lower (P < 0.01) than in the LP treatment. In DSA, the mRNA and protein levels for lipogenic-related genes were highest in the LP treatment and lowest in the LP + 2B treatment. However, in ASA and PRA, the expression levels for those genes were significantly elevated in the LP + 2B treatment. In conclusion, BCAA supplementation could alter the body fat condition, and this effect was likely modulated by the expression of lipid metabolic regulators in DSA, ASA, and PRA in a depot-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients , Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University , Changsha, Hunan 410018, China
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Li J, Liu L, Liang XF, Yuan X, Li J, Li B, Wang Q, Fang J, Xue M, Wang J. Modulation of appetite, lipid and glucose metabolism of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) by different dietary protein levels. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:297-307. [PMID: 27630021 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to explore the systemic metabolic strategies of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) to maintain growth when fed with different dietary protein levels. The optimal growth group and two growing discomfort groups were selected through the basic data, to explain the growth difference from appetite regulation and lipid and glucose metabolism perspective. Three experimental diets were formulated with three dietary protein levels at 200.3, 296.1 and 442.9 g kg-1, named P1, P2 and P3, respectively. Juvenile grass carp (initial body weight 12.28 ± 0.14 g) were fed with three diets with 3 replications per dietary treatment in an indoor recirculation system for an 8-week feeding trial. Fish fed with diet P2 dietary group showed significantly higher WG, SGR, FI and PER than other groups. Compared with other groups, mRNA expressions of NPY, Y8a and Y8b in fish fed with P2 significantly down-regulated, while the expressions of CCK and CART in fish fed with P3 significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). With increasing dietary protein levels, G6Pase, GK, PK and PEPCK were all significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). For lipid metabolism, the mRNA expression of ACC in P1 dietary group was significantly higher than P3 dietary group; besides, LPL expression in P3 group was significantly higher than other two groups (P < 0.05). PPARα expression in P2 was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). These results suggested that grass carp fed with P2 (296.1 g kg-1 protein level) showed highest weight gain, contributed to more balanced nutrient metabolism and appetite regulation. Too high dietary protein (442.9 g kg-1) should be avoided because it induced lowest PER, body lipid and liver lipid, and inhibited glucose and lipid metabolism in juvenile grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaochen Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinguang Fang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jia Wang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Yin F, Yu H, Lepp D, Shi X, Yang X, Hu J, Leeson S, Yang C, Nie S, Hou Y, Gong J. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulation of Gene Expression for Lipid Catabolism in Young Broilers by Butyrate Glycerides. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160751. [PMID: 27508934 PMCID: PMC4979964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Butyrate has been shown to potently regulate energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in animals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of butyrate (in the form of butyrate glycerides, BG)-induced lipid metabolism at the level of gene expression in the jejunum and liver of broilers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Two animal experiments were included in this study. In Experiment 1, two hundred and forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups: 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BG diets (BD + BG). Growth performance was compared between treatments for the 41-day trial. In Experiment 2, forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups. The general experimental design, group and management were the same as described in Experiment 1 except for reduced bird numbers and 21-day duration of the trial. Growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipid profiles as well as serum and tissue concentrations of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were compared between treatments. RNA-seq was employed to identify both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and treatment specifically expressed genes (TSEGs). Functional clustering of DEGs and TSEGs and signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID-BR). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were subsequently conducted to further examine the expression of genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway identified by DAVID-BR. Dietary BG intervention significantly reduced abdominal fat ratio (abdominal fat weight/final body weight) in broilers. The decreased fat deposition in BG-fed chickens was in accordance with serum lipid profiles as well as the level of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the serum, abdominal adipose, jejunum and liver. RNA-seq analysis indicated that dietary BG intervention induced 79 and 205 characterized DEGs in the jejunum and liver, respectively. In addition, 255 and 165 TSEGs were detected in the liver and jejunum of BG-fed group, while 162 and 211 TSEGs genes were observed in the liver and jejunum of BD-fed birds, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis with both IPA and DAVID-BR further revealed a significant enrichment of DEGs and TSEGs in the biological processes for reducing the synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion of lipids in the jejunum, while those in the liver were for enhancing the oxidation of ingested lipids and fatty acids. In particular, transcriptional regulators of THRSP and EGR-1 as well as several DEGs involved in the PPAR-α signaling pathway were significantly induced by dietary BG intervention for lipid catabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that BG reduces body fat deposition via regulation of gene expression, which is involved in the biological events relating to the reduction of synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion, and improvement of oxidation of lipids and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuejiang Shi
- Next Generation Sequencing Platforms, Clinical Genomics Centre, the UHN/MSH Gene Profiling Facility, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Yang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Steve Leeson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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31
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The adipokine Chemerin induces lipolysis and adipogenesis in bovine intramuscular adipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:39-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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A gene and protein expression study on four porcine genes related to intramuscular fat deposition. Meat Sci 2016; 121:27-32. [PMID: 27236338 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content has a prominent role in meat quality, affecting sensory attributes such as flavour and texture. In the present research, we studied in samples of porcine Semimembranosus muscle four genes related to lipid metabolism and whose gene expressions have been associated to IMF deposition: FASN, SCD, LIPE and LPL. We analysed both mRNA and protein expressions in two groups of Italian Large White pigs divergent for Semimembranosus IMF deposition, with the aim of comparing the levels of four genes and enzymes between the two groups and identifying possible coexpression links. The obtained results suggest a prominent role of LIPE enzyme in IMF hydrolysis, as the samples with low IMF deposition show a significantly higher amount of this lipase. Finally, a poorly known correlation was found between LIPE and FASN enzymes only in female individuals. These results provide new information for the understanding of IMF deposition.
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Abstract
The influence of genotype (lean v. fatty) and dietary protein level (normal v. reduced) on plasma metabolites, hepatic fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of lipid-sensitive factors is reported for the first time, using the pig as an experimental model. The experiment was conducted on forty entire male pigs (twenty lean pigs of Large White×Landrace×Pietrain cross-breed and twenty fatty pigs of Alentejana purebreed) from 60 to 93 kg of live weight. Each pig genotype was divided into two subgroups, which were fed the following diets: a normal protein diet (NPD) equilibrated for lysine (17·5 % crude protein and 0·7 % lysine) and a reduced protein diet (RPD) not equilibrated for lysine (13·1 % crude protein and 0·4 % lysine). The majority of plasma metabolites were affected by genotype, with lean pigs having higher contents of lipids, whereas fatty pigs presented higher insulin, leptin and urea levels. RPD increased plasma TAG, free fatty acids and VLDL-cholesterol compared with NPD. Hepatic total lipids were higher in fatty pigs than in the lean genotype. RPD affected hepatic fatty acid composition but had a slight influence on gene expression levels in the liver. Sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1 was down-regulated by RPD, and fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) were affected by the interaction between genotype and diet. In pigs fed RPD, FADS1 was up-regulated in the lean genotype, whereas FABP4 increased in the fatty genotype. Although there is a genotype-specific effect of dietary protein restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism, lipogenesis is not promoted in the liver of lean or fatty pigs.
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Influence of betaine and arginine supplementation of reduced protein diets on fatty acid composition and gene expression in the muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of cross-bred pigs. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:937-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe isolated or combined effects of betaine and arginine supplementation of reduced protein diets (RPD) on fat content, fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of genes controlling lipid metabolism in pig m. longissimus lumborum and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed. The experiment was performed on forty intact male pigs (Duroc×Large White×Landrace cross-breed) with initial and final live weights of 60 and 93 kg, respectively. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following five diets (n 8): 16·0 % of crude protein (control), 13·0 % of crude protein (RPD), RPD supplemented with 0·33 % of betaine, RPD supplemented with 1·5 % of arginine and RPD supplemented with 0·33 % of betaine and 1·5 % of arginine. Data confirmed that RPD increase intramuscular fat (IMF) content and total fat content in SAT. The increased total fat content in SAT was accompanied by higher GLUT type 4, lipoprotein lipase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA expression levels. In addition, the supplementation of RPD with betaine and/or arginine did not affect either IMF or total fat in SAT. However, dietary betaine supplementation slightly affected fatty acid composition in both muscle and SAT. This effect was associated with an increase of carnitine O-acetyltransferase mRNA levels in SAT but not in muscle, which suggests that betaine might be involved in the differential regulation of some key genes of lipid metabolism in pig muscle and SAT. Although the arginine-supplemented diet decreased the mRNA expression level of PPARG in muscle and SAT, it did not influence fat content or fatty acid composition in any of these pig tissues.
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Ahmed AA, Musa HH, Fedail JS, Sifaldin AZ, Musa TH. Gum arabic suppressed diet-induced obesity by alteration the expression of mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mouse liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chen QL, Luo Z, Shi X, Wu K, Zhuo MQ, Song YF, Hu W. Dietary methimazole-induced hypothyroidism reduces hepatic lipid deposition by down-regulating lipogenesis and up-regulating lipolysis in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 217-218:28-36. [PMID: 25985894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hypothyroidism, induced by administration of 0.2% methimazole through the food, on lipid metabolism in the liver of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, yellow catfish were fed diets containing either 0 or 2g methimazole per kg of diet for 8weeks, respectively. The results showed that fish fed diet containing methimazole had a significant reduction in growth performance, plasma THs levels and hepatic lipid content. Meanwhile, methimazole treatment inhibited the activities of lipogenic enzymes (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase) and the mRNA levels of genes involved in lipogenesis (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α, sterol-regulator element-binding protein-1 and liver X receptor), but increased lipolytic enzyme (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) activity and the expression of genes involved in lipolysis (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, hormone-sensitive lipase and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α). Thus, our study indicated that dietary methimazole-induced hypothyroidism could disturb the normal processes of lipid metabolism at the enzymatic and molecular levels in yellow catfish, and the reduced hepatic lipid content by hypothyroidism was attributable to the down-regulation of lipogenesis and up-regulation of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mei-Qin Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhang C, Luo J, Yu B, Chen J, Chen D. Effects of resveratrol on lipid metabolism in muscle and adipose tissues: A reevaluation in a pig model. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kim J, Ingale S, Lee S, Choi Y, Kim E, Lee D, Kim Y, Chae B. Impact of dietary fat sources and feeding level on adipose tissue fatty acids composition and lipid metabolism related gene expression in finisher pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Preventive effects of chitosan coacervate whey protein on body composition and immunometabolic aspect in obese mice. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:281097. [PMID: 25309049 PMCID: PMC4182892 DOI: 10.1155/2014/281097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional foods containing bioactive compounds of whey may play an important role in prevention and treatment of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prospects of the biotechnological process of coacervation of whey proteins (CWP) in chitosan and test its antiobesogenic potential. Methods. CWP (100 mg·kg·day) was administered in mice with diet-induced obesity for 8 weeks. The animals were divided into four groups: control normocaloric diet gavage with water (C) or coacervate (C-CWP), and high fat diet gavage with water (HF) or coacervate (HF-CWP). Results. HF-CWP reduced weight gain and serum lipid fractions and displayed reduced adiposity and insulin. Adiponectin was significantly higher in HF-CWP group when compared to the HF. The level of LPS in HF-W group was significantly higher when compared to HF-CWP. The IL-10 showed an inverse correlation between the levels of insulin and glucose in the mesenteric adipose tissue in the HF-CWP group. CWP promoted an increase in both phosphorylation AMPK and the amount of ATGL in the mesenteric adipose tissue in HF-CWP group. Conclusion. CWP was able to modulate effects, possibly due to its high biological value of proteins. We observed a protective effect against obesity and improved the inflammatory milieu of white adipose tissue.
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Zou T, Mao X, Yu B, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Chen D. Effects of dietary energy density and apparent ileal digestible lysine:digestible energy ratio on growth performance, meat quality, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene expression of muscle and adipose tissues in Landrace×Rongchang crossbred pigs. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Effect of instant cooked giant embryonic rice on body fat weight and plasma lipid profile in high fat-fed mice. Nutrients 2014; 6:2266-78. [PMID: 24932656 PMCID: PMC4073149 DOI: 10.3390/nu6062266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The comparative effects of instant cooked rice made from giant embryo mutant or ordinary normal rice on body weight and lipid profile in high fat-fed mice were investigated. The animals were given experimental diets for seven weeks: normal control (NC), high fat (HF), and HF supplemented with instant normal white (HF-NW), normal brown (HF-NB), giant embryonic white (HF-GW), or giant embryonic brown (HF-GB) rice. The HF group showed markedly higher body weight, body fat, plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, and atherogenic index relative to NC group. However, instant rice supplementation counteracted this high fat-induced hyperlipidemia through regulation of lipogenesis and adipokine production. The GB rice exhibited greater hypolipidemic and body fat-lowering effects than the GW or NB rice. These findings illustrate that the giant embryo mutant may be useful as functional biomaterial for the development of instant rice with strong preventive action against high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Combined effects of dietary arginine, leucine and protein levels on fatty acid composition and gene expression in the muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of crossbred pigs. Br J Nutr 2014; 111:1521-35. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cumulative effects of dietary arginine, leucine and protein levels on fat content, fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of genes controlling lipid metabolism in pig longissimus lumborum muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were investigated. The experiment was performed on fifty-four intact male pigs (Duroc × Pietrain × Large White × Landrace crossbred), with a live weight ranging from 59 to 92 kg. The pigs were randomly assigned to one of six experimental treatments (n 9). The treatments followed a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two levels of arginine supplementation (0 v. 1 %) and three levels of a basal diet (normal protein diet, NPD; reduced protein diet, RPD; reduced protein diet to achieve 2 % of leucine, RPDL). The results showed that dietary arginine supplementation did not affect the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and back fat thickness, but increased the total fat in SAT. This effect was associated with an increase in fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) mRNA levels in SAT, which suggests that arginine might be involved in the differential regulation of some key lipogenic genes in pig muscle and SAT. The increase in IMF content under the RPD, with or without leucine supplementation, was accompanied by increased FASN and SCD mRNA levels. Arginine supplementation did not influence the percentage of main fatty acids, while the RPD had a significant effect on fatty acid composition in both tissues. Leucine supplementation of RPD did not change IMF, total fat of SAT and back fat thickness, but increased 16 : 0 and 18 : 1cis-9 and decreased 18 : 2n-6 in muscle.
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Romao JM, Jin W, He M, McAllister T, Guan LL. Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of physiological variations between bovine subcutaneous and visceral fat depots under different nutritional regimes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83211. [PMID: 24349463 PMCID: PMC3857301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and metabolism. There is sparse understanding of the molecular regulation at the protein level of bovine adipose tissues, especially within different fat depots under different nutritional regimes. The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in protein expression between bovine subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in steers fed different diets and to identify the potential regulatory molecular mechanisms of protein expression. Subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues were collected from 16 British-continental steers (15.5 month old) fed a high-fat diet (7.1% fat, n=8) or a control diet (2.7% fat, n=8). Protein expression was profiled using label free quantification LC-MS/MS and expression of selected transcripts was evaluated using qRT-PCR. A total of 682 proteins were characterized and quantified with fat depot having more impact on protein expression, altering the level of 51.0% of the detected proteins, whereas diet affected only 5.3%. Functional analysis revealed that energy production and lipid metabolism were among the main functions associated with differentially expressed proteins between fat depots, with visceral fat being more metabolically active than subcutaneous fat as proteins associated with lipid and energy metabolism were upregulated. The expression of several proteins was significantly correlated to subcutaneous fat thickness and adipocyte size, indicating their potential as adiposity markers. A poor correlation (r=0.245) was observed between mRNA and protein levels for 9 genes, indicating that many proteins may be subjected to post-transcriptional regulation. A total of 8 miRNAs were predicted to regulate more than 20% of lipid metabolism proteins differentially expressed between fat depots, suggesting that miRNAs play a role in adipose tissue regulation. Our results show that proteomic changes support the distinct metabolic and physiological characteristics observed between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Moura Romao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Weiwu Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maolong He
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tim McAllister
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Ruminal epithelium transcriptome dynamics in response to plane of nutrition and age in young Holstein calves. Funct Integr Genomics 2013; 14:261-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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45
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Hosseini-Esfahabni F, Sadeghi M, Azizi F. Dietary Protein, Protein to Carbohydrate Ratio and Subsequent Changes in Lipid Profile after a 3-Year Follow-Up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 42:1232-41. [PMID: 26171335 PMCID: PMC4499064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the effects of dietary protein on modifying serum lipid and lipoprotein levels are controversial. In this study we have investigated the hypothesis whether dietary protein and protein to carbohydrate ratio could be related to subsequent changes in lipid profile in adults. METHODS This 3-yaers follow-up_longitudinal study was conducted on a sample of participants (845 men and 1043 women, aged 19-70 years) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured both at baseline (2006-2008) and after 3 years. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounding variables and dietary factors, the highest quartile energy intakes from protein was inversely associated with changes in total cholesterol (β= -6.5; 95% CI= -11.5, -1.5) and HDL-C levels (β= -6.7; 95% CI= -12.2, -1.4) in men during the follow-up. Increased proportion of energy intake from protein, compared to that of carbohydrate also had favorable effect on 3-years changes in triglycerides (β= -18.2; 95% CI= -36.7, -0.1) and total cholesterol (β= -8.4; 95% CI= -15.1, -1.8) in men. Higher dietary P/C ratio (median ≥ 0.23) was associated with a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol at 3-years follow-up in men with the higher intake of protein (median ≥ 13.4 % of energy). CONCLUSION Higher intakes of dietary protein and more importantly, higher proportion of energy intakes from protein, compared to carbohydrate, had favorable effects on modifying lipid levels during a 3-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- 1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- 2. Dept. of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahabni
- 1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Sadeghi
- 1. Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, and Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- 3. Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu LY, Wang J, Huang Y, Pan HB, Zhang X, Huang ZX, Zhao SM, Gao SZ. The effect of dietary protein levels on the expression of genes coding for four selected protein translation initiation factors in muscle tissue of Wujin pig. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:310-7. [PMID: 23718228 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism underlying the increased muscle protein accumulation in pigs while were fed a high protein diet. The eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) have been reported to involve in muscle protein synthesis. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression levels of eIF2B1, 4A1, 4B and 4E in Wujin pigs fed either a high protein (HP: 18%) or a low protein (LP: 14%) diet at 30, 60 or 100 kg body weight, based on real-time PCR and western blotting analyses. Our results indicated that the expression levels of eIF2B1 mRNA and protein were increased by HP diet at all body weight. The HP diet showed higher mRNA and protein levels of eIF4B gene at 60 and 100 kg. The protein expression of eIF4E phosphorylation was increased by HP diet only at 30 kg. These data suggested that the HP diet promoted porcine muscle protein accumulation mainly by up-regulating eIF2B1, 4B and 4E rather than 4A1 expression along the growth stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Moradi-Shahrbabak M, Ebrahimie E. Underlying functional genomics of fat deposition in adipose tissue. Gene 2013; 521:122-8. [PMID: 23523858 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of fat deposition. Two sheep breeds with large fat-tail (Lori-Bakhtiari) and with thin-tail (Zel) were used as models. To determine important and key candidate lipid metabolism related genes, comparative genomic approaches were employed. Gene expression profiles of adipose tissues were analyzed in human, pig, and cattle by express sequence tag (EST) analysis. EST analysis determined 65, 102 and 125 transcripts in human, pig and cattle respectively with at least 10 fold over-expression in the adipose tissue. Based on our comparative functional genomic analysis, seven genes were more abundant and common in investigated mammalian adipose tissues promising a conserved novel gene network in mammalian lipid metabolism. The candidate genes including fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FASN), Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were selected for further gene expression investigation within two sheep breeds. The real time PCR results showed that among the genes tested, FABP4 was expressed at higher levels than the others. The expression of FABP4 was significantly higher in the fat-tail of Lori-Bakhtiari than in the fat-tail and visceral adipose tissues of Zel (P<0.05). The findings suggest that the FABP4 gene expression in the fat-tail is an important index of fat deposition.
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Differential effects of reduced protein diets on fatty acid composition and gene expression in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Alentejana purebred and Large White × Landrace × Pietrain crossbred pigs. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:216-29. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of pig genotype (fatty v. lean) and dietary protein and lysine (Lys) levels (normal v. reduced) on intramuscular fat (IMF) content, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) deposition, fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of genes controlling lipid metabolism. The experiment was conducted on sixty intact male pigs (thirty Alentejana purebred and thirty Large White × Landrace × Pietrain crossbred), from 60 to 93 kg of live weight. Animals were divided into three groups fed with the following diets: control diet equilibrated for Lys (17·5 % crude protein (CP) and 0·7 % Lys), reduced protein diet (RPD) equilibrated for Lys (13·2 % CP and 0·6 % Lys) and RPD not equilibrated for Lys (13·1 % CP and 0·4 % Lys). It was shown that the RPD increased fat deposition in the longissimus lumborum muscle in the lean but not in the fatty pig genotype. It is strongly suggested that the effect of RPD on the longissimus lumborum muscle of crossbred pigs is mediated via Lys restriction. The increase in IMF content under the RPD was accompanied by increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and PPARG mRNA levels. RPD did not alter backfat thickness, but increased the total fatty acid content in both lean and fatty pig genotype. The higher amount of SAT in fatty pigs, when compared with the lean ones, was associated with the higher expression levels of ACACA, CEBPA, FASN and SCD genes. Taken together, the data indicate that the mechanisms regulating fat deposition in pigs are genotype and tissue specific, and are associated with the expression regulation of the key lipogenic genes.
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Wu T, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Lo LJ, Chen J, Wang Y, Peng J. Distinctive genes determine different intramuscular fat and muscle fiber ratios of the longissimus dorsi muscles in Jinhua and landrace pigs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53181. [PMID: 23301040 PMCID: PMC3536781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is determined by properties such as carcass color, tenderness and drip loss. These properties are closely associated with meat composition, which includes the types of muscle fiber and content of intramuscular fat (IMF). Muscle fibers are the main contributors to meat mass, while IMF not only contributes to the sensory properties but also to the plethora of physical, chemical and technological properties of meat. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that determine meat composition in different pig breeds. In this report we show that Jinhua pigs, a Chinese breed, contains much higher levels of IMF than do Landrace pigs, a Danish breed. We analyzed global gene expression profiles in the longissimus dorsi muscles in Jinhua and Landrace breeds at the ages of 30, 90 and 150 days. Cross-comparison analysis revealed that genes that regulate fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g., fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase) are expressed at higher levels in Jinhua pigs whereas those that regulate myogenesis (e.g., myogenic factor 6 and forkhead box O1) are expressed at higher levels in Landrace pigs. Among those genes which are highly expressed in Jinhua pigs at 90 days (d90), we identified a novel gene porcine FLJ36031 (pFLJ), which functions as a positive regulator of fat deposition in cultured intramuscular adipocytes. In summary, our data showed that the up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis regulatory genes such as pFLJ and myogenesis inhibitory genes such as myostatin in the longissimus dorsi muscles of Jinhua pigs could explain why this local breed produces meat with high levels of IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhangqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jan Lo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Chen QM, Wang H, Zeng YQ, Chen W. Developmental changes and effect on intramuscular fat content of H-FABP and A-FABP mRNA expression in pigs. J Appl Genet 2012; 54:119-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-012-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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