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Shoman Y, Ranjbar S, Strippoli MPF, von Känel R, Preisig M, Guseva Canu I. Longitudinal association of exposure to work-related stress with major depressive disorder and the role of occupational burnout in this association in the general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02735-w. [PMID: 39215821 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively assess (1) the associations of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), its individual components, and over-commitment with (a) the onset of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) during a 3.6-year follow-up in a population-based cohort in participants with no current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in the beginning of the follow-up (n = 959), (b) incidence of MDD in the subsample of participants exempt from lifetime MDD (n = 490), and (c) the onset of a new MDE (i.e. recurrence) in the subsample of participants with remitted but no current MDD (n = 485), and (2) potential effect modification of burnout on these associations. METHODS DSM-IV Axis-I disorders were elicited using the semi-structured Diagnostic Instrument for Genetic Studies at each investigation. The ERI Questionnaire was used to measure ERI and overcommitment. Burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey. Serially adjusted logistic regression models were used. The effect of burnout dimensions on these associations was assessed by testing interactions between the ERI and burnout dimensions. RESULTS (1) ERI was prospectively associated with the onset of MDE, even after adjustment for burnout [OR (95CI) = 1.22 (1.003-1.49)]. (2) The association between ERI and MDD incidence became non-significant after adjusting for burnout. (3) ERI was not associated with recurrence of pre-existing MDD. (4) burnout did not interact with ERI. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a longitudinal association between ERI and the risk of onset of MDE in the community. Burnout did not modify this effect, but it may partially account for the association between ERI and MDD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Shoman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Setareh Ranjbar
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Pierre F Strippoli
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Haldenbachstrasse 16/18, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Center of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Thompson HM, Thanik E, Sabra A, Ko F, Hung WW, Colicino E, Lucchini RG, Bello G, Crane M, Teitelbaum SL, Ornstein KA. A pilot study to identify factors associated with frailty within the World Trade Center general responder cohort. Am J Ind Med 2024; 67:582-591. [PMID: 38735862 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the significant exposures experienced by the World Trade Center (WTC) general responders, there is increasing interest in understanding the effect of these exposures on aging in this population. We aim to identify factors that may be associated with frailty, a clinical syndrome characterized by a decrease in one's reserve that has been linked to poor health outcomes. METHODS WTC general responders enrolled in the WTC Health Program aged 50 and older provided informed consent. Validated frailty assessments, the Frailty Phenotype (with the Johns Hopkins Frailty Assessment Calculator) along with the FRAIL scale, categorized nonfrail from prefrail/frail. Fall risk, functional status, and cognition were also assessed. WTC variables, including an identified WTC-certified condition, were utilized. The risk of frailty was estimated using log binomial regression analysis. A 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR). RESULTS One hundred and six participants were included; 38 (35.8%) were classified as pre-frail or frail. More of the pre-frail/frail group were obese (57.9% vs. 25%; p = 0.004) and had a WTC-certified condition (78.9% vs. 58.8%; p = 0.036). Obesity (PR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.31, 4.53), a WTC-certified condition (PR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.09, 2.89), and risk of falling (PR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.01, 3.84) were independently associated with frailty. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and having a WTC-certified condition were found to be risk factors for frailty in our pilot study. Future work may focus on further identifying risk factors for frailty in the larger WTC general responder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Thompson
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erin Thanik
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ahmad Sabra
- General Responder Data Center, Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fred Ko
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - William W Hung
- Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ghalib Bello
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Crane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Nasirpour N, Shalbafan M, Savari E, Pirani A, Baradaran HR, Motevalian A. Effort-reward imbalance and common mental disorders among public sector employees of Iran: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1447. [PMID: 38816820 PMCID: PMC11138094 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model is a widely used theoretical model to measure stress in the workplace. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ERI and three common mental disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, the study sample consisted of 4453 baseline participants of the Employees' Health Cohort Study of Iran (EHCSIR). Trained psychologists utilized the Persian version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-2.1) during the baseline assessment to identify common mental disorders. Additionally, the validated Persian version of the 23-item ERI questionnaire was employed to assess effort, reward, overcommitment, and effort-reward ratio. To examine the association of ERI components with three common mental disorders (MDD, GAD, and OCD) over the past twelve months, multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of effort-reward imbalance in the study sample was 47.1%. Higher ERI score was significantly associated with MDD (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 2.30-5.13), GAD (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.27-4.63), and OCD (OR: 2.23, 95% CI:1.19-4.19). The study participants who reported higher scores on work overcommitment had a higher likelihood of having MDD (OR: 1.16, 95% CI:1.10-1.23), GAD (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14), and OCD (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.29). CONCLUSIONS According to the study's findings, work-related stress, as determined by the ERI model, is a significant factor in the development of common mental disorders among employees in the public sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Nasirpour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shalbafan
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebtesam Savari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Pirani
- Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Motevalian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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du Prel JB, Koscec Bjelajac A, Franić Z, Henftling L, Brborović H, Schernhammer E, McElvenny DM, Merisalu E, Pranjic N, Guseva Canu I, Godderis L. The Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depression: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rev 2024; 45:1606968. [PMID: 38751606 PMCID: PMC11094281 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2024.1606968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Work-related stress is highly prevalent. Recent systematic reviews concluded on a significant association between common work-related stress measures and depression. Our scoping review aims to explore whether work-related psychosocial stress is generally associated with depression or depressiveness, the extent and methodology of the primary research undertaken on this topic and to elucidate inconsistencies or gaps in knowledge. Methods We searched for literature in Pubmed, PsycInfo and Web of Science including full reports in seven languages published between 1999 and 2022 and applied the PRISMA statement for scoping reviews criteria. Results Of 463 primarily identified articles, 125 were retained after abstract and full-text screening. The majority report significant associations between work-related stress and depression. Cross-sectional studies are most prevalent. Sufficient evidence exists only for job strain and effort-reward imbalance. Most studies are from Asia, North America and Europe. The health sector is the most studied. Several research gaps such as the lack of interventional studies were identified. Conclusion The consistency of most studies on the significant association between work-related stress and depression is remarkable. More studies are needed to improve evidence and to close research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptist du Prel
- Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Zrinka Franić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lorena Henftling
- Department of Occupational Health Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hana Brborović
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Damien M. McElvenny
- Research Group, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eda Merisalu
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nurka Pranjic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irina Guseva Canu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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Ten-Blanco M, Flores Á, Cristino L, Pereda-Pérez I, Berrendero F. Targeting the orexin/hypocretin system for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases: from animal to clinical studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 69:101066. [PMID: 37015302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Orexins (also known as hypocretins) are neuropeptides located exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive projections throughout the central nervous system and bind two different G protein-coupled receptors (OX1R and OX2R). Since its discovery in 1998, the orexin system has gained the interest of the scientific community as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different pathological conditions. Considering previous basic science research, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, suvorexant, was the first orexin agent to be approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat insomnia. In this review, we discuss and update the main preclinical and human studies involving the orexin system with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This system constitutes a nice example of how basic scientific research driven by curiosity can be the best route to the generation of new and powerful pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ten-Blanco
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - África Flores
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Inmaculada Pereda-Pérez
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Berrendero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Axelrad-Levy T, Schwartz Tayri TM, Achdut N, Sarid O. The Perceived Job Performance of Child Welfare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CLINICAL SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL 2023; 51:175-187. [PMID: 36713302 PMCID: PMC9864503 DOI: 10.1007/s10615-022-00861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While the evidence on the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of frontline social workers is emerging, the research on the impact of the pandemic on their performance is scarce. The presented study explores how the relationship between work environment predictors and perceived stress explains the job performance of child welfare social workers during the pandemic using survey responses of 878 child welfare social workers. The findings revealed the mechanism through which environment predictors and perceived stress interacted in explaining job performance during a time of large-scale crisis. We found that C.W. social workers who experienced greater COVID-19-related service restrictions reported poorer job performance, that perceived stress disrupted workers' supervision and autonomy, and that supervision and job autonomy protected C.W. social workers from the adverse effects of perceived stress and workload on their job performance. Conclusions included the importance of autonomy and supervision in mitigating job-related stressors and the need to adapt and enhance child welfare supervision during times of national crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Axelrad-Levy
- The Charlotte Jack Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
- Child psychiatry and the Center for Child Development and Mental Health, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Talia Meital Schwartz Tayri
- The Charlotte Jack Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Achdut
- The Charlotte Jack Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Orly Sarid
- The Charlotte Jack Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
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Segev E. "A breath of fresh air": mindfulness training for early-career mental health social workers in Israel during COVID-19. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2023; 62:19-40. [PMID: 36606640 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2023.2165597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of participation in a mindfulness group for Israeli early career social workers during the COVID-19 period. Eleven participants conducting fieldwork in a mental health rehabilitation center were interviewed. The participants described a variety of benefits from their mindfulness training, in three main areas: (1) Personal: applying mindfulness in their daily life; (2) Family: improved work-life balance and family relationships; and (3) Professional: applying mindfulness in their work with mental health clients. Mental support and self-care tools provided to early-career social workers were perceived by the participants as helping them overcome uncertainty, fatigue, and overwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Segev
- School of Social Work, Sapir College D.N. Hof Ashkelon, Israel
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Cropley M, Rydstedt LW, Chelidoni O, Ollis L, Querstret D. Work-related rumination declines with age but is moderated by gender. Work 2023; 76:587-594. [PMID: 36872828 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much is known about the physical effects of work and health, but less is known about how older workers unwind mentally from work, and their post-work ruminative thinking. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the association between age, gender and two types of work-related rumination: affective rumination, and problem-solving pondering. METHODS This study utilized a sample of 3991 full-time employees (working 30 or more hours per week), who were stratified into five age bands (18-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, and 56-65 yrs.). RESULTS Affective rumination was found to significantly decline in the older age groups (46 + yrs.), but this finding was moderated by gender. Males reported lower work-related rumination over the entire age range, but the greatest difference between males and females was observed in the 56-65 age category. The results for problem-solving pondering mirrored those of affective rumination but with the only exception that there was no significant difference in gender between those aged 18-25 years. CONCLUSION These findings add to our understanding about how workers (between different age groups) mentally switch off from work and highlight the need for interventions to help older workers mentally recover from the effects of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Psychology, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences (HHS), Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Leif W Rydstedt
- Department of Psychology, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences (HHS), Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Olga Chelidoni
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Lucie Ollis
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Dawn Querstret
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogic Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, London, UK
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Wu Q, Yamaguchi Y, Greiner C. Factors Related to Mental Health of Foreign Care Workers in Long-Term Care Facilities in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Comparative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16491. [PMID: 36554370 PMCID: PMC9779326 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the factors related to the mental health of foreign care workers in Japan's long-term care (LTC) facilities and compare their results with those of native care workers. We conducted a cross-sectional survey covering 80 LTC facilities across Japan between August and November 2021. The survey mainly included mental health, workload, reward, sense of coherence, loneliness, COVID-19-specific factors and sociodemographic variables. The results show that workload was a distinct feature associated with the mental health of foreign care workers (n = 172) when compared with those of native care workers (n = 154). In addition, we found that the relationship between cultural adaptation and mental health in a sample of foreign care workers was mediated by loneliness and sense of coherence (SOC). Finally, we found that reward, loneliness, SOC, and COVID-19-specific factors had significant impacts on the mental health of both foreign and native care workers. These findings highlight the importance of support measures from the workplace for foreign care workers. Workplace interventions that focus on workload, reward, and sense of coherence strategies are required to address mental health improvement and may still be of value in dealing with the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Matthews TA, Porter N, Siegrist J, Li J. Unrewarding work and major depressive episode: Cross-sectional and prospective evidence from the U.S. MIDUS study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:722-728. [PMID: 36410311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a serious mental health condition and is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Previous research has demonstrated that work stress may contribute to the development of depression through psychophysiological pathways. The present study assessed associations of work stress - in terms of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model measuring unrewarding work - with major depressive episode (MDE). Data were from the Mid-life in the United States study, a national, population-based sample of U.S. workers with 9-year follow-up prospective cohort design. The cross-sectional sample at baseline had 2204 workers, and the prospective sample had 1591 workers at follow-up (78.7% follow-up rate). Multivariable Bayesian logistic regression and Poisson regression were applied for examining cross-sectional and prospective associations, respectively. ERI was assessed by a validated 17-item scale at baseline, and MDE in the past 12 months was assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form at both baseline and follow-up. It was found that ERI at baseline was associated with higher odds of prevalent MDE in the cross-sectional sample (OR = 1.47, HPD interval [1.26-1.69]), and with higher risk of MDE at follow-up in the prospective sample (RR = 1.29, HPD interval [1.01-1.60]). In both cross-sectional and prospective analyses, strongest associations were observed among workers with the highest quartile of ERI, after adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and other psychosocial factors. The stable and robust findings strengthen and extend previous findings that unrewarding work is a risk factor of mental health. If confirmed by further evidence, intervention targeting work stress reduction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Matthews
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Natalie Porter
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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Seidler A, Schubert M, Freiberg A, Drössler S, S. Hussenoeder F, Conrad I, Riedel-Heller S, Romero Starke K. Psychosocial Occupational Exposures and Mental Illness. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 119:709-715. [PMID: 36345690 PMCID: PMC9835701 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to investigate the exposure-risk relationship between psychosocial occupational stress and mental illness. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analyses as an update of a systematic review published in 2014. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020170032). Literature searches were carried out in the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase databases. All procedural steps were performed independently by two reviewers; discordances were solved by consensus. All of the included full texts were subject to a methodological appraisal. Certainty of evidence was determined with the GRADE procedure. RESULTS The pooled risk of depression was found to be approximately doubled in workers exposed to high job strain, which is defined as high work demands combined with low job control (effect estimate [EE] = 1.99, 95% CI [1.68; 2.35], heterogeneity [I2] = 24.7%, n = 8). In particular, high work demands are associated with incident depression (ES = 13.8 [1.19; 1.61], I2 = 69.0%, n = 9) and with incident anxiety disorder (ES = 1.79 [1.44; 2.23], I2 = 48.1%, n = 5). There were only a small number of methodologically adequate studies available on burnout, somatoform disorders, suicidal ideation, and suicide. Thus, no pooled risk estimates were calculated, although some individual studies showed a considerably increased risk. CONCLUSION Psychosocial occupational stress is clearly associated with depression and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Seidler
- *All authors are co-first authors
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Schubert
- *All authors are co-first authors
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alice Freiberg
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephanie Drössler
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix S. Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karla Romero Starke
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine (IPAS), Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Cheng T, Zhang B, Guo J, Pikhart H. Association between work stress and health behaviours in Korean and Japanese ageing studies: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063538. [PMID: 36008063 PMCID: PMC9422816 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited research has focused on the association between work stress and health behaviours in Asian countries. We aimed to explore the effect of work stress on two health behaviours among employees aged 45 years or above in two countries with ageing populations, Korea and Japan. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING This secondary data analysis was conducted on baseline data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA, 2006) and the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR, 2007 and 2009). PARTICIPANTS Included in the analytical sample were 4982 responders without missing data aged 45 years or older who reported work positions and hours (KLoSA n=3478, JSTAR n=1504). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Work stress was represented by the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. We used logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the association between work stress and smoking (binary current smoking) and between work stress and drinking (categorical volume of alcohol). Socioeconomic and work-related characteristics were taken into consideration, and we examined the potential interaction between ERI and gender. RESULTS Work stress as measured by ERI ratio was significantly associated with both smoking and drinking in the KLoSA analysis; after the model was fully adjusted, ORs were 1.45 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.80) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.90), respectively. In analysis of the data from JSTAR, the ERI ratio was associated with smoking (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) but not with drinking. No statistically significant interaction was found between ERI and gender in any model (p=0.82 in KLoSA data and p=0.19 in JSTAR data). CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant associations were found between work stress and both smoking and drinking behaviours in Korea and between work stress and smoking in Japan. Government integration of effort-reward balance programmes and health promotion programmes could effectively promote population health in these two Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taozhu Cheng
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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de Breij S, Huisman M, Boot CRL, Deeg DJH. Sex and gender differences in depressive symptoms in older workers: the role of working conditions. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1023. [PMID: 35597949 PMCID: PMC9123290 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female older workers generally leave the work force earlier than men. Depressive symptoms are a risk factor of early work exit and are more common in women. To extend working lives, pathways leading to these sex inequalities need to be identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sex and gender with depressive symptoms in older workers, and the role of working conditions in this association. METHODS We used data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2012-2013/2015-2016, n = 313). Our outcome was depressive symptoms, measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We included biological sex, a gender index ranging from masculine to feminine (consisting of six items measuring gender roles: working hours, income, occupation segregation, education, informal caregiving, time spent on household chores), and working conditions (physical demands, psychosocial demands, cognitive demands, autonomy, task variation, social support) in our models. We examined the differential vulnerability hypothesis, i.e., sex/gender moderates the association between working conditions and depressive symptoms, and the differential exposure hypothesis, i.e., working conditions mediate the association between sex/gender and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Female sex and feminine gender were both associated with more depressive symptoms. The differential vulnerability hypothesis was not supported by our results. We did find that femininity was negatively associated with autonomy and task variation. In turn, these working conditions were associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, autonomy and task variation partially mediated the association between gender and depressive symptoms, supporting the differential exposure hypothesis. Mediation effects for sex inequalities were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Older female workers and older feminine workers have more depressive symptoms than their male/masculine counterparts. Autonomy and task variation appeared to be important in - partially - explaining gender differences in depressive symptoms rather than sex differences. By improving these conditions, gender inequality in mental health among older workers can be reduced, so that both genders have similar chances to reach the retirement age in good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha de Breij
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1089A, 1081, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1089A, 1081, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorly J H Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan 1089A, 1081, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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Nicholls AR, Fairs LRW, Toner J, Jones L, Mantis C, Barkoukis V, Perry JL, Micle AV, Theodorou NC, Shakhverdieva S, Stoicescu M, Vesic MV, Dikic N, Andjelkovic M, Grimau EG, Amigo JA, Schomöller A. Snitches Get Stitches and End Up in Ditches: A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated With Whistleblowing Intentions. Front Psychol 2021; 12:631538. [PMID: 34675830 PMCID: PMC8523783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blowing the whistle on corruption or wrongdoing can facilitate the detection, investigation, and then prosecution of a violation that may have otherwise gone undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that are associated with intentions to blow the whistle on wrongdoing. We searched Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Regional Business News, and SPORTDiscus in January 2020. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Of the 9,136 records identified, 217 studies were included in this systematic review. We identified 8 dimensions, 26 higher-order themes, and 119 lower-order themes. The whistleblowing dimensions were personal factors, organizational factors, cost and benefits, outcome expectancies, the offense, reporting, the wrongdoer, and social factors. Based on the findings, it is apparent that organizations should empower, educate, protect, support, and reward those who blow the whistle, in order to increase the likelihood on individuals blowing the whistle on corruption and wrongdoing. A combined approach may increase whistleblowing intentions, although research is required to test this assertion. From a policy perspective, more consistent protection is required across different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Nicholls
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas R. W. Fairs
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - John Toner
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Jones
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Constantine Mantis
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Barkoukis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John L. Perry
- Department of Psychology, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Marius Stoicescu
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Nenad Dikic
- Anti-Doping Agency of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Javier A. Amigo
- Agencia Española de Protección de la Saluden el Deporte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Schomöller
- International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Mauss D, Jarczok MN. The streamlined allostatic load index is associated with perceived stress in life - findings from the MIDUS study. Stress 2021; 24:404-412. [PMID: 33504263 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1869935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The wear and tear of the body caused by stressful events is subject of extensive research and can be measured by the allostatic load index (ALI). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to replicate an ALI-5 score in a population sample in the USA and to compare these findings with the original ALI-10 score. Data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) assessed between 2004 and 2016 were used to calculate different ALI risk scores with 5 and 10 variables, respectively. Examinations included anthropometric data, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood and urine samples. Questionnaires assessed information on perceived stress and medical history. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ALI indices and perceived stress, controlling for various confounders. Subgroup analysis explored the difference in gender and in three age clusters. Data of 1421 participants (43% male, 50.4 ± 9.3 years) were included in the analysis. Adjusted logistic regression models showed an odds ratio of 1.37 ± 0.19 (CI 1.05, 1.80; p=.022) for the association of ALI-5 with perceived stress. This association was stronger in females (OR = 1.62 ± 0.28, CI 1.15, 2.28; p = .006) and did not significantly differ between age clusters. Results for the original ALI-10 score did not reach significance. The streamlined ALI-5 score seems to be a reliable risk score and is strongly associated with perceived stress in life. Longitudinal studies should further elaborate this association in different samples.Lay summary: Stress from different sources can lead to serious diseases. A short composite index comprising of five medical variables is highly associated with perceived stress. This index is able to serve as an early indicator to detect people who are at risk to develop stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mauss
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc N Jarczok
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Mayerl H, Stolz E, Kowatz U, Freidl W. Within- and between-person effects in the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2021; 48:100394. [PMID: 36695134 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2020.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Theory suggests that a stressful working environment negatively affects workers' health. However, methodological limitations in observational studies often restrict conclusions about observed relationships. In this study, we examined cross-lagged effects of effort-reward imbalance (ERI; i.e., an indicator of work stress) and mental health (i.e., depressive symptoms) at the within-person level, while accounting for between-person variability. We used data from five panel waves gathered in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), comprising N = 5,778 (self-)employed individuals aged 50 years or older. Repeated measures for both ERI and depressive symptoms were modeled using random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling. The results showed no cross-lagged effects of ERI and depressive symptoms at the within-person level, but the intra-individual variations in ERI were positively related to the intra-individual variations in depressive symptoms at the same point in time. At the between-person level, it showed that individuals with generally higher levels of ERI tend to demonstrate generally higher levels of depressive symptoms. The findings question the notion that ERI and depressive symptoms influence each other over the course of time, but rather indicate that third variable effects account for observed relationships between these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Mayerl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Stolz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Kowatz
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Freidl
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology Medical University of Graz Universitaetsstrasse 6/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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17
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Honda A, Fauth EB, Liu Y, Honda S. Predictors of Effort-Reward Imbalance Among Employees Providing Three Types of Long-Term Care Services in Japan: Implications for Employee Well-Being. J Appl Gerontol 2021; 41:341-351. [PMID: 33645291 DOI: 10.1177/0733464821997210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among employees in multiple long-term care settings in Japan. This cross-sectional study by convenience sampling included 944 participants providing three types of long-term care: home-based (n = 201), community-based (n = 128), and institutional (n = 615). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with self-reported ERI. Low job satisfaction, being a care manager, holding a position of department head, working long hours, and having family-related stress were the common factors associated with ERI in employees across all three types of long-term care setting. Long-term care providers should consider the needs of care recipients and their family, as well as the needs of care employees, maximizing rewards so that turnover can be reduced and the diversity of individual work-family needs can be accommodated across multiple forms of long-term care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Honda
- St. Mary's College, Kurume, Japan.,Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Yin Liu
- Utah State University, Logan, USA
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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18
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Park J, Oh YS, Kim Y. Association of poor psychological well-being with co-exposure to psychosocial factors at work in Korean regular workers. Am J Ind Med 2020; 63:928-935. [PMID: 32662553 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the association of co-exposure to different psychosocial factors with poor psychological well-being of Korean regular workers. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data from the fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey, conducted in 2017. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odd ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals for poor psychological well-being associated with self-reported psychosocial factors. Poor psychological well-being was measured using the Well-Being Index of the World Health Organization. For each question on psychosocial factors (long weekly working hours, lack of decision latitude, work pressure, lack of autonomy, lack of role clarity, organizational injustice, lack of reward, and lack of support from managers), answers of "always" and "most of the time" were classified as affirmative and answers of"sometimes," "rarely," and "never" were classified as negative. RESULTS Poor psychological well-being was significantly associated with most individual work stressors for both sexes (aORs = 1.22-1.83). Furthermore, poor psychological well-being had a positive association with co-exposure to different psychosocial factors (aORs = 1.71-8.08). Co-exposure to an increasing number of psychosocial factors showed greater association with poor psychological well-being. CONCLUSION We found that poor psychological well-being was associated with co-exposure to psychosocial factors in Korean workers in regular employment. Thus, we suggest that employers provide comprehensive measures that will protect workers from simultaneous exposure to adverse psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- Department of Occupational Health Catholic University of Daegu Gyeongsan South Korea
| | - Yeon Suh Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital University of Ulsan College of Medicine Ulsan South Korea
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19
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Gutierrez S, Milani SA, Wong R. Is "Busy" Always Better? Time-Use Activities and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Adults. Innov Aging 2020; 4:igaa030. [PMID: 32923692 PMCID: PMC7477915 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Depression among older Mexican adults is underrecognized and of increasing concern due to its association with comorbidities including cognitive and functional impairments. Prior studies have found an association between low involvement levels in social activities and depression. We aimed to examine the association of time-use activities and depressive symptomatology by sex. Research Design and Methods We used data from the 2012 and 2015 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Participants aged 60 and older who had low or no depressive symptoms in 2012 were included in these analyses (N = 4,309). Factor analysis was used to group activities and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of baseline time use with depressive symptomatology in 2015. Results Among those with low or no depressive symptomatology in 2012, 21.0% reported elevated symptoms (5+) in 2015. Those with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to be women, older, lower educated, and with at least one activity of daily living limitation. Four time-use domains emerged from the factor analysis including hobbies and indoor activities, volunteering, caregiving, and working. The hobbies and indoor activities domain was associated with lower odds of elevated symptoms for men and women (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–0.96; and OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.91, respectively). Additionally, the volunteer and community activities domain was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms for women (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58–0.89) and men (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60–0.99). Discussion and Implications Understanding how older Mexicans distribute their time among different activities and its associations with depressive symptoms can help guide policy and sex-specific interventions for psychological well-being. Certain domains had lower odds for elevated depressive symptomatology; future work should examine this association in other countries as well as the context of the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirena Gutierrez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | | | - Rebeca Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.,Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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20
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Moritz B, Schmitz AE, Rodrigues ALS, Dafre AL, Cunha MP. The role of vitamin C in stress-related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 85:108459. [PMID: 32745879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related disorders, such as depression and anxiety, present marked deficits in behavioral and cognitive functions related to reward. These are highly prevalent disabling conditions with high social and economic costs. Furthermore, a significant percentage of affected individuals cannot benefit from clinical intervention, opening space for new treatments. Although the literature data have reported limited and variable results regarding oxidative stress-related endpoints in stress-related disorders, the possible neuroprotective effect of antioxidant compounds, such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), emerges as a possible therapy strategy for psychiatric diseases. Here, we briefly present background information on biological activity of ascorbic acid, particularly functions related to the CNS homeostasis. Additionaly, we reviewed the available information on the role of ascorbic acid in stress-related diseases, focusing on supplementation and depletion studies. The vitamin C deficiency is widely associated to stress-related diseases. Although the efficacy of this vitamin in anxiety spectrum disorders is less stablished, several studies showed that ascorbic acid supplementation produces antidepressant effect and improves mood. Interestingly, the modulation of monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems is postulated as pivotal target for the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of this vitamin. Given that ascorbic acid supplementation produces fast therapeutic response with low toxicity and high tolerance, it can be considered as a putative candidate for the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, especially those that are refractory to current treatments. Herein, the literature was reviewed considering the potential use of ascorbic acid as an adjuvant in the treatment of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Moritz
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ariana E Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alcir L Dafre
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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21
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Siegrist J, Tough H, Brinkhof MWG, Fekete C. Failed reciprocity in social exchange and wellbeing: evidence from a longitudinal dyadic study in the disability setting. Psychol Health 2020; 35:1134-1150. [PMID: 31888380 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1707826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Failed reciprocity at work and in partnerships was shown to adversely affect wellbeing in general populations, but evidence in disability settings is widely lacking. We explore the effects of failed reciprocity on wellbeing and the impact of the partners' perception of reciprocity on wellbeing in persons with a physical disability and their partners.Design: We use longitudinal dyadic data from the pro-WELL study, a Swiss survey of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their partners (n = 246). Two-level mixed-models with random effects for persons and repeated measures were applied.Main outcome measures: Cognitive wellbeing was measured with the Satisfaction with Life Scale and affective wellbeing with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale short-form.Results: Failed reciprocity at work and in the partnership was associated with all indicators of wellbeing in persons with SCI and with cognitive wellbeing and negative affect in caregiving partners. Life satisfaction of caregiving partners and positive affect of persons with SCI was lower if the partner perceived the partnership as non-reciprocal.Conclusion: Negative associations of failed reciprocity with wellbeing are not restricted to general populations but equally apply to the disability setting and dyadic analyses reveal the importance of the partners' perception of partnership reciprocity for wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Siegrist
- Senior Professorship 'Work Stress Research', Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Life-Science-Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Tough
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Martin W G Brinkhof
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fekete
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Misawa J, Kondo K. Social factors relating to depression among older people in Japan: analysis of longitudinal panel data from the AGES project. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:1423-1432. [PMID: 30406670 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1496225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Preventing the onset of depression among older people in Japan requires clarifying the social determinants of depression by using longitudinal data, while also taking biological and psychological factors into account. Identification of such determinants may enable more active intervention through social policy. We aimed to reveal the social factors related to depression in Japan's older people and consider associated policy implications. Method: Panel data obtained from a longitudinal survey (Wave 1 to Wave 2) of 3464 elderly subjects, aged 65 years or more, as part of the Aichi Gerontological Evaluation Study (AGES) project was employed. The outcome variable was depression, as evaluated by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Frequency of meeting with friends, social support, hobbies, participation in organizations, life events, illness, self-rated health, instrumental activities of daily living, and sense of coherence were entered as explanatory variables within a logit model for each gender. Results: Of the subjects without mental illness or depression at Wave 1, 14% had become depressed by Wave 2. In both men and women, life events predicted increased odds of depression, while sense of coherence predicted reduced odds. The frequency of meeting with friends, hobbies, and self-rated health predicted reduced odds of depression in men, while age predicted increased odds in women. Conclusion: Overall, social interaction is important for preventing depression in Japan, and that the establishment of a system capable of promoting social interaction and providing care to the elderly during life events may be a useful social policy approach to preventing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimpei Misawa
- a Division of Health Care Services Management, Department of Social Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- b Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.,c Department of Gerontology and Evaluation Study, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology , Aichi , Japan
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23
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Porru F, Burdorf A, Robroek SJW. The impact of depressive symptoms on exit from paid employment in Europe: a longitudinal study with 4 years follow-up. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:134-139. [PMID: 30052918 PMCID: PMC6345148 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health problems are a risk factor for loss of paid employment. This study investigates (i) the relation between depressive symptoms and different involuntary pathways of labour force exit and (ii) explores gender and geographical differences in this relation. Methods The study population consisted of 5263 individuals in paid employment aged between 50 years and the country-specific retirement age from 11 European countries participating in the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Self-reported depressive symptoms at baseline were assessed using the EURO-D. Employment status was derived from interviews after 2 and 4 years. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to investigate the association between depressive symptoms and labour force exit via disability benefit and unemployment. Population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated to estimate the contribution of depressive symptoms to these pathways of labour force exit. Results Both men and women with a EURO-D score ≥4 had a >2-fold increased risk of a disability benefit (HR: 2.46, 95%CI 1.68–3.60) after adjustment for demographics and work-related characteristics. Among men depressive symptoms elevated the risk of becoming unemployed at follow-up (HR 1.55; 95%CI: 0.94–2.57). The PAF was 0.18 for disability benefit and 0.04 for unemployment, and varied across European regions. Conclusions Individuals with depressive symptoms are at increased risk of losing paid employment, which in turn may aggravate their symptoms. Targeting depressive symptoms with public health and occupational policies should be considered to reduce the burden of mental diseases in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Porru
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan J W Robroek
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Fekete C, Tough H, Brinkhof MWG, Siegrist J. Does well-being suffer when control in productive activities is low? A dyadic longitudinal analysis in the disability setting. J Psychosom Res 2019; 122:13-23. [PMID: 31126406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigate the relationship between control in productive activities (paid work, housework, caregiving) and well-being in persons with a physical disability and their caregiving partners from a dyadic perspective, exploring not only the effect of own control on well-being, but also the effect of the partners' control on well-being. We further evaluated socioeconomic and caregiving characteristics as potential risk factors for low control in productive activities. METHODS Longitudinal dyadic data from the pro-WELL survey (n = 246) including persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their caregiving partners were used and mixed-effects regression modelling was applied. Well-being was operationalized with a cognitive (Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS) and an affective component (Positive and Negative Affect Scale, PANAS). RESULTS Control at work was positively related to well-being in persons with SCI, but less so in caregiving partners. Control in housework and caregiving was associated with higher well-being. The partners' control was linked to affective well-being. Poor socioeconomic conditions were negatively related to control at work and in caregiving, but not to control in housework. Caregiving characteristics seem unrelated to control at work or housework, but higher objective caregiver burden was linked to reduced control in caregiving. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that low control in productive activities are common in the disability setting and represent an instrumental factor for reduced well-being that is augmented by poor socioeconomic conditions and high objective burden of care. Interventions aiming to optimize well-being through the integration in productive activities should take into account opportunities of exerting control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fekete
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Hannah Tough
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Martin W G Brinkhof
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Health Policy, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Senior Professorship 'Work Stress Research', Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Life-Science-Center, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Using Three Cross-Sectional Surveys to Compare Workplace Psychosocial Stressors and Associated Mental Health Status in Six Migrant Groups Working in Australia Compared with Australian-Born Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050735. [PMID: 30823505 PMCID: PMC6427607 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Migrant workers may be more likely to be exposed to workplace psychosocial stressors (WPS) which have an affect on physical and mental health. Given the relative lack of research on this topic, the study objectives were to estimate and compare the prevalence of WPS in migrant and Australian workers and investigate associated mental health problems. Three cross-sectional surveys, two with migrant workers and one with Australian workers, were pooled to provide estimates of prevalence. Regressions were conducted to investigate associations between workers and WPS. All WPS, except unfair pay, were associated with higher probability of mental health problems. The association between WPS and mental health did differ between some migrant groups. Compared with Australian-born workers, all other migrant groups tended to have a lower risk of mental health outcomes. Interactions between WPS and migrants showed variable levels in the risk of having a mental health problem, some attenuated and some increased. The study showed that country of birth does play a part in how treatment in the workplace is perceived and responded to. Any interventions to improve workplace conditions for migrant workers need to be aware of the different experiences related to migrant ethnicity.
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Mäcken J. Work stress among older employees in Germany: Effects on health and retirement age. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211487. [PMID: 30716089 PMCID: PMC6361437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Policy makers in aging societies aim for the extension of work lives by increasing the official retirement age. Despite these efforts, many people stop working before reaching this retirement age. The main reason for early retirement is poor health. Health in turn is influenced by exposure to the work environment. Furthermore, health and work stress are influenced by education, which may lead to different effects for the lowly and the highly educated. OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between work stress and retirement age. It investigates whether this relationship is mediated by health and moderated by education. Three dimensions of health are taken into account: self-rated health (SRH), depressive symptoms, and high cardiovascular risk diseases (HCVR). METHODS A German subsample of the longitudinal Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) was linked with register data of the German Public Pension Scheme (SHARE-RV). The sample followed 302 individuals aged 50 to 65 years at baseline from 2004 to 2014. The data contains information on work stress, measured by job control and effort-reward-imbalance (ERI), health, and age of retirement. Multi-group structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the direct and indirect effects of work stress on retirement age via health. Work stress was lagged so that it temporally preceded health and retirement age. RESULTS Lower job control and poorer SRH lead to a lower retirement age. Health does not operate as a mediator in the relationship between work stress and retirement age. Education moderates the relationship between work stress and health: high ERI leads to better SRH and better physical health of higher educated persons. Low job control increases the risk of depressive symptoms for persons with less education. CONCLUSIONS Improving stressful working conditions, particularly improving job control, can prolong the working lives of employees and postpone retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mäcken
- Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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27
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Associations between overcommitment, effort–reward imbalance and mental health: findings from a longitudinal study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 92:559-567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Qi M, Moyle W, Jones C, Weeks B. Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Older University Office Workers: Survey Findings. Workplace Health Saf 2018; 67:123-130. [PMID: 30160192 DOI: 10.1177/2165079918790585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged sitting time has been reported among university workers which can have adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to examine the sitting time, physical activity, and psychological well-being reported by older university office workers. An online self-reported survey was distributed to all office workers 55 years and older at one university in Australia. Sixty-six office workers were recruited. They reported an average sitting time of 7.5 hours per day on weekdays. In all, 72.7% of the sample reported both moderate and high physical activity levels. A high percentage of the office workers reported depression (25.8%) and anxiety (12.1%). Lower education levels were significantly related to higher perceived stress and more depressive symptomatology ( p = .03 and .02, respectively). Significant associations were found between stress, depression, and anxiety ( p < .001) among this group of workers.
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Nassri L, Schneider I, Gaum PM, Lang J. A call for Applied Knowledge and Lived Interdisciplinarity in the medical care of depressed employees: a cross-sectional survey with German occupational physicians and psychotherapists. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021786. [PMID: 30104315 PMCID: PMC6091909 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify approaches for an effective patient-centred care of depressed employees, we investigated occupational physicians' (OPs) and psychotherapists' (PTs) knowledge about job stressors on the development of depression, application of this knowledge, interdisciplinary cooperation and perceived barriers. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey. PARTICIPANTS OPs (163; 48.5% male) and PTs (69; 43.5% male) providing complete data on the survey out of 257 OPs and 112 PTs who started the survey. There have been 458 (OPs) and 821 (PTs) initial clicks. METHODS Main outcome measures were the importance ratings of specific job stressors, the frequency of asking patients about those stressors, the need for interdisciplinary cooperation, as well as perceived barriers for cooperation. We performed multivariate analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Spearman's rank-order correlations. RESULTS The achieved response rate for OPs was 56.1% and for PTs 13.6%. Both disciplines agreed on the importance of job stressors regarding depression (ICC=0.90; 95% CI: 0.54 to 0.98), but both ranked these factors differently from the current state of research. As to knowledge application, OPs showed positive associations between the importance of job stressors and the frequency of asking employees about them (eg, job insecurity (rs=0.20, p=0.005)) and PTs for social stressors (eg, interpersonal conflicts (rs=0.38, p=0.001)). OPs (mean=3.41) reported a higher necessity of interdisciplinary cooperation than PTs (mean=3.17; F(1,230)=7.02, p=0.009). Furthermore, cooperation was reported as difficult to implement. PTs perceived barriers (eg, time restriction) as more hindering (mean=3.2) than OPs (mean=2.8; F(1,171)=8.16, p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Both disciplines are aware of the relevance of job stressors as risk factors for depression, but should be encouraged to ask employees more frequently about them. The need for interdisciplinary cooperation and possible barriers are discussed. It is crucial to emphasise the meaning of sufficient cooperation, since closing this gap for improving patient-centred care especially for employees suffering from depression is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nassri
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabell Schneider
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Maria Gaum
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Lang
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Cocco P, Agius R. The preventable burden of work-related ill-health. Occup Med (Lond) 2018; 68:327-331. [PMID: 29660035 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fraction of ill-health overall attributable to occupational conditions has not been extensively evaluated, thus contributing to the perception of a lesser relevance of education and research in occupational health in respect to other fields of medical research and practice. Aims To assess the relevance of work-related conditions on the aetiology of human ill-health in different health domains. Methods We extracted the risk estimates associated with heritability and with occupational risk factors for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), major depressive disorder (MDD) and long QT syndrome (LQTS) from 13 published international reports. The selection criteria for the eligible studies were: genome-wide studies, or studies of the occupational risk factors associated with one of the three diseases of interest. We calculated and compared the respective population attributable fraction for the combined occupational risk factors, and for heritability. Results We estimated that occupational risk factors would account for 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4-19) of CLL, 11% (95% CI 7-15) of MDD and 10% (95% CI 2-13) of LQTS burden in the general population. The corresponding figures for heritability would be 16% (95% CI 11-22), 28% (95% CI 20-5) and 17% (95% CI 7-27). Conclusions More efforts in capacity building and research in occupational health are warranted aiming to prevent ill-health and to preserve a productive life for the ageing work population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Occupational Health Unit, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - R Agius
- Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Mauss D, Herr RM, Theorell T, Angerer P, Li J. Validating the Demand Control Support Questionnaire among white-collar employees in Switzerland and the United States. J Occup Med Toxicol 2018; 13:7. [PMID: 29449870 PMCID: PMC5812053 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-018-0188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Demand Control Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) is an established self-reported tool to measure a stressful work environment. Validated German and English versions are however currently missing. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the psychometric properties of German and English versions of the DCSQ among white-collar employees in Switzerland and the US. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 499 employees in Switzerland and 411 in the US, respectively. The 17-item DCSQ with three scales assessed psychosocial stress at work (psychological demands, decision latitude, and social support at work). Depressive symptoms were measured by the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Cronbach’s α and item-total correlations tested the scale reliability (internal consistency). Construct validity of the questionnaire was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Logistic regressions estimated associations of each scale and job strain with depressive symptoms (criterion validity). Results In both samples, all DCSQ scales presented satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.72; item-total correlations ≥ 0.33), and EFA showed the 17 items loading on three factors, which is in line with the theoretically assumed structure of the DCSQ construct. Moreover, all three scales as well as high job strain were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The associations were stronger in the US sample. Conclusions The German and the English versions of the DCSQ seem to be reliable and valid instruments to measure psychosocial stress based on the job demand-control-support model in the workplace of white-collar employees in Switzerland and the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mauss
- 1Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raphael M Herr
- 1Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 7-11, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Töres Theorell
- 2Institute for Stress Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Angerer
- 3Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- 3Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Wege N, Li J, Siegrist J. Are there gender differences in associations of effort–reward imbalance at work with self-reported doctor-diagnosed depression? Prospective evidence from the German Socio-Economic Panel. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:435-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li J, Herr RM, Allen J, Stephens C, Alpass F. Validating the short measure of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire in older workers in the context of New Zealand. J Occup Health 2017; 59:495-505. [PMID: 28835574 PMCID: PMC5721271 DOI: 10.1539/joh.17-0044-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to validate a short version of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire in the context of New Zealand among older full-time and part-time employees. Methods: Data were collected from 1694 adults aged 48-83 years (mean 60 years, 53% female) who reported being in full- or part-time paid employment in the 2010 wave of the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement study. Scale reliability was evaluated by item-total correlations and Cronbach's alpha. Factorial validity was assessed using multi-group confirmatory factor analyses assessing nested models of configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance across full- and part-time employment groups. Logistic regressions estimated associations of effort-reward ratio and over-commitment with poor physical/mental health, and depressive symptoms. Results: Internal consistency of ERI scales was high across employment groups: effort 0.78-0.76; reward 0.81-0.77, and over-commitment 0.83-0.80. The three-factor model displayed acceptable fit in the overall sample (X2/df = 10.31; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.075), and decrements in model fit indices provided evidence for strict invariance of the three-factor ERI model across full-time and part-time employment groups. High effort-reward ratio scores were consistently associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms for both employment groups. High over-commitment was associated with poor mental health and depressive symptoms in both groups and also with poor physical health in the full-time employment group. Conclusions: The short ERI questionnaire appears to be a valid instrument to assess adverse psychosocial work characteristics in old full-time and part-time employees in New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf
| | - Raphael M Herr
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf.,Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
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Havermans BM, Boot CRL, Hoekstra T, Houtman ILD, Brouwers EPM, Anema JR, van der Beek AJ. The association between exposure to psychosocial work factors and mental health in older employees, a 3-year follow-up study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 91:57-66. [PMID: 28921049 PMCID: PMC5752729 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Unfavourable exposure to psychosocial work factors threatens older employees’ mental health, and their sustained employment. This study assesses whether an improved compared to stable unfavourable and stable favourable exposure to psychosocial work factors is associated with a change in mental health in older employees at 3-year follow-up. Methods The current study used data from the Study on Transitions in Employment, Ability and Motivation (STREAM), in workers aged 45–65 years (n = 5249). Two-year (2010–2012) exposure was assessed for psychological demands, autonomy, support, mental load, and distributive justice. Linear regression analyses were performed to compare improved exposure to unfavourable psychosocial work factors with stable unfavourable and stable favourable exposure and mental health at follow-up (2013), corrected for confounders. Analyses were stratified for age groups (45–54 and 55–65 years) and gender. Results In certain subgroups, stable unfavourable exposure to psychological demands, autonomy, support, and distributive justice was associated with a significantly lower mental health score than improved exposure. Stable favourable exposure to support was associated with a higher mental health score than improved support, whereas stable favourable exposure to autonomy was associated with a lower mental health score compared to improved exposure. Conclusions There is a longitudinal association between changes in exposure to psychosocial work factors and mental health. Improvement in unfavourable exposure to psychosocial work factors was associated with improved mental health. This is important information for organisations that consider deploying measures to improve the psychosocial work environment of older workers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00420-017-1261-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo M Havermans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile R L Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Trynke Hoekstra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene L D Houtman
- Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien P M Brouwers
- School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tranzo, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes R Anema
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Body@Work, Research Center Physical Activity, Work and Health, TNO-VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Loerbroks A, Karrasch S, Lunau T. The longitudinal relationship of work stress with peak expiratory flow: a cohort study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 90:695-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Wolfersdorf M, Rätzel-Kürzdörfer W. [Early detection and early treatment of depressive disorder]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017; 159:72-78. [PMID: 28357767 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Wahrendorf M, Akinwale B, Landy R, Matthews K, Blane D. Who in Europe Works beyond the State Pension Age and under which Conditions? Results from SHARE. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2016; 10:269-285. [PMID: 28890742 PMCID: PMC5569122 DOI: 10.1007/s12062-016-9160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is much research about those who exit the labour market prematurely, however, comparatively little is known about people working longer and about their employment and working conditions. In this paper, we describe the employment and working conditions of men and women working between 65 and 80 years, and compare them with previous conditions of those retired in the same age group. Analyses are based on wave 4 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) with information collected between 2009 and 2011 from 17,625 older men and women across 16 European countries. Besides socio-demographic and health-related factors (physical and mental health), the focus lies on employment conditions (e.g. employment status, occupational position and working hours) and on stressful working conditions, measured in terms of low control at work and effort-reward imbalance. In case of retired people, information on working conditions refer to the last job before retirement. Following descriptive analyses, we then conduct multivariable analyses and investigate how working conditions and poor health are related to labour market participation (i.e. random intercept models accounting for country affiliation and adjusted for potential confounders). Results illustrate that people working between the ages of 65 and 80 are more likely to be self-employed (either with or without employees) and work in advantaged occupational positions. Furthermore, findings reveal that psychosocial working conditions are generally better than the conditions retired respondents had in their last job. Finally, in contrast to those who work, health tends to be worse among retired people. In conclusion, findings deliver empirical evidence that paid employment beyond age 65 is more common among self-employed workers throughout Europe, in advantaged occupations and under-favourable psychosocial circumstances, and that this group of workers are in considerably good mental and physical health. This highlights that policies aimed at increasing the state pension age beyond the age of 65 years put pressure on specific disadvantaged groups of men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Wahrendorf
- Institute for Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bola Akinwale
- International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Landy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katey Matthews
- Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Blane
- International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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The Association Between Effort-Reward Imbalance and Depressive Symptoms Is Modified by Selection, Optimization, and Compensation Strategy. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 57:1222-7. [PMID: 26539771 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the main and interactive effects of effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) strategy on depressive symptoms among the working population in the City of Kumning, China. METHODS We assessed the separate and combined effects of low versus high ERI and good versus poor SOC strategy on depressive symptoms using multivariable logistic regression analyses in a population-based sample (N = 2457). RESULTS High ERI and poor SOC were significantly associated with depressive symptoms, respectively. In employees with both high ERI and poor SOC, the odds ratio was highly elevated as compared with the reference group (low ERI and good SOC). CONCLUSIONS If our findings are confirmed by prospective studies, health promotion programs in work settings might consider SOC as an integral part to mitigate the adverse mental health effects of ERI.
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Lotfizadeh M, Rahimzadeh S, Zareiy S. Predictors of the work-related depressive symptoms among blue-collar male employees of an industrial unit in Iran. Ind Psychiatry J 2016; 25:160-165. [PMID: 28659694 PMCID: PMC5479088 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_74_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Possible associations between depressive symptoms and work-related parameters have frequently been discussed in the literature. The present study was aimed to evaluate the work-related depressive symptoms and their possible-related parameters among male employees of Esfahan Steel Company (ESCO) as one of the most important industrial sites in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS With a cross-sectional design and a stratified random sampling method in 2010, a total of 400 male employees were enrolled from the operational parts of the ESCO. RESULTS Among 400 participated employees, 245 (61.3%) were rotational duty employees and 358 (89.5%) were reported making <$500. After applying the linear regression model, some variables including: economic difficulties (P = 0.022, odds ratio [OR] = 0.558, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.339-0.919), family-related problems (P = 0.003, OR = 0.303, 95% CI = 0.138-0.669), and work environment (P < 0.001, OR = 0.244, 95% CI = 0.140-0.426) were found to be significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms among the participants. CONCLUSION The present study brought to light the predictors of occupational depressive symptoms among blue-collar employees of ESCO. More research is needed to find the causal relations between mental health and work-related parameters among Iranian employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Department of Community Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Zareiy
- NAHAJA Health Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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40
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Kouvonen A, Mänty M, Lallukka T, Lahelma E, Rahkonen O. Changes in psychosocial and physical working conditions and common mental disorders. Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:458-463. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Effort-Reward Imbalance and Affective Disorders. ALIGNING PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELL-BEING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32937-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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42
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The Measurement of Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) at Work. ALIGNING PERSPECTIVES ON HEALTH, SAFETY AND WELL-BEING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32937-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Jarman L, Martin A, Venn A, Otahal P, Sanderson K. Does workplace health promotion contribute to job stress reduction? Three-year findings from Partnering Healthy@Work. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1293. [PMID: 26703459 PMCID: PMC4690240 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace health promotion (WHP) has been proposed as a preventive intervention for job stress, possibly operating by promoting positive organizational culture or via programs promoting healthy lifestyles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether job stress changed over time in association with the availability of, and/or participation in a comprehensive WHP program (Healthy@Work). METHOD This observational study was conducted in a diverse public sector organization (~28,000 employees). Using a repeated cross-sectional design with models corroborated using a cohort of repeat responders, self-report survey data were collected via a 40 % employee population random sample in 2010 (N = 3406) and 2013 (N = 3228). Outcomes assessed were effort and reward (self-esteem) components of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) measure of job stress. Exposures were availability of, and participation in, comprehensive WHP. Linear mixed models and Poisson regression were used, with analyses stratified by sex and weighted for non-response. RESULTS Higher WHP availability was positively associated with higher perceived self-esteem among women. Women's mean reward scores increased over time but were not statistically different (p > 0.05) after 3 years. For men, higher WHP participation was associated with lower perceived effort. Men's mean ERI increased over time. Results were supported in the cohort group. CONCLUSIONS For women, comprehensive WHP availability contributed to a sense of organizational support, potentially impacting the esteem component of reward. Men with higher WHP participation also benefitted but gains were modest over time and may have been hindered by other work environment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jarman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Angela Martin
- Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Kristy Sanderson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia.
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Courtin E, Knapp M, Grundy E, Avendano-Pabon M. Are different measures of depressive symptoms in old age comparable? An analysis of the CES-D and Euro-D scales in 13 countries. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2015; 24:287-304. [PMID: 26314384 PMCID: PMC6878602 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression (CES-D) and the Euro-D are commonly used depressive symptom scales but their comparability has not been assessed to date. This article aims to contribute to the literature comparing the drivers of depression in old age across countries by examining whether CES-D (in its eight-item short version) and Euro-D are comparable. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, N = 15,487) covering 13 countries was used to examine the scales' distributional properties, systematic differences between population subgroups, sensitivity and specificity, and associations with established risk factors for depression in old age. CES-D and Euro-D were strongly correlated (r = 0.6819, p < 0.000). However, agreement between the two scales was moderate. There were systematic discrepancies in scores by demographic characteristics. CES-D captures a more extreme pool of depressed individuals than Euro-D. Although associations with risk factors are always in the same direction, they are often stronger for CES-D than Euro-D. Findings highlight the need to be cautious when comparing depression levels and associations with risk factors between surveys using different measures of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Courtin
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Social Policy, London, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Social Policy, London, UK
| | - Emily Grundy
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Social Policy, London, UK
| | - Mauricio Avendano-Pabon
- London School of Economics and Political Science, Social Policy, London, UK.,Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Burr H, Rauch A, Rose U, Tisch A, Tophoven S. Employment status, working conditions and depressive symptoms among German employees born in 1959 and 1965. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2015; 88:731-41. [PMID: 25416510 PMCID: PMC4508361 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-014-0999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether (1) current employment status (regular full-time, regular part-time and marginal employment) is associated with depressive symptoms and (2) whether these associations are mediated by current working conditions and previous employment history. METHODS Two cohorts of German employees aged 46 and 52 years were selected from administrative data of the German Federal Employment Agency and answered questions about depressive symptoms (we use an applied version of BDI-V) and their current working conditions. In addition, the participants gave written consent to link register data regarding their employment histories (n = 4,207). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS Men experienced elevated depressive symptoms when working regular part-time; women experienced such symptoms when engaged in marginal employment. These associations decreased when we adjusted for job insecurity and rose slightly when we adjusted for leadership quality. Men and women who reported a low level of influence at work showed a higher risk of depressive symptoms. For women, the association between current employment position and depressive symptoms could be partly explained by low levels of influence at work. For men, the association between depressive symptoms and current regular part-time employment decreased when we adjusted for previous part-time employment. Conversely, for women, the association with depressive symptoms increased in current regular part-time and marginal employment when we adjusted for employment history. CONCLUSIONS In both genders, the observed associations between depressive symptoms and current employment status were mediated by both current psychosocial conditions and employment history. Employees not having a regular full-time job differed from full-time employees with respect to both their current working conditions and their employment history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstraße 40-42, 10317, Berlin, Germany,
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Bhatt H, Safford M, Stephen G. Coronary heart disease risk factors and outcomes in the twenty-first century: findings from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. Curr Hypertens Rep 2015; 17:541. [PMID: 25794955 PMCID: PMC4443695 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) is a longitudinal study supported by the National Institutes of Health to determine the disparities in stroke-related mortality across USA. REGARDS has published a body of work designed to understand the disparities in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its risk factors in a biracial national cohort. REGARDS has focused on racial and geographical disparities in the quality and access to health care, the influence of lack of medical insurance, and has attempted to contrast current guidelines in lipid lowering for secondary prevention in a nationwide cohort. It has described CHD risk from nontraditional risk factors such as chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and inflammation (i.e., high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and has also assessed the role of depression, psychosocial, environmental, and lifestyle factors in CHD risk with emphasis on risk factor modification and ideal lifestyle factors. REGARDS has examined the utility of various methodologies, e.g., the process of medical record adjudication, proxy-based cause of death, and use of claim-based algorithms to determine CHD risk. Some valuable insight into less well-studied concepts such as the reliability of current troponin assays to identify "microsize infarcts," caregiving stress, and CHD, heart failure, and cognitive decline have also emerged. In this review, we discuss some of the most important findings from REGARDS in the context of the existing literature in an effort to identify gaps and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemal Bhatt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, USA
| | - Monika Safford
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, USA
| | - Glasser Stephen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0113, USA
- 1717 11th Avenue South, MT 634, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
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Nistor K, Nistor A, Ádám S, Szabó A, Konkolÿ Thege B, Stauder A. [The relationship of work-related psychosocial risk factors with depressive symptoms among Hungarian workers: preliminary results of the Hungarian Work Stress Survey]. Orv Hetil 2015; 156:439-48. [PMID: 25749538 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2015.30103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research has shown that psychosocial stress acts as a risk factor for mental disorders. AIM The present study aims at processing the preliminary results of the Hungarian Survey of Work Stress, concerning the relationship between depressive symptoms and work stress. METHODS Cross-sectional survey among Hungarian workers was carried out (n = 1058, 27.5% man, 72.5% woman, age 37.2 years, SD = 11 years). Psychosocial factors were measured using the COPSOQ II questionnaire, while BDI-9 was used for the assessment of depressive symptoms. Statistical analysis was carried out applying Spearman's correlation and logistic regression. RESULTS A quarter of the workers reported moderate or severe symptoms of depression (BDI≥19). The study confirmed the association between depressive symptoms and work-family conflict (OR = 2.21, CI: 1.82-2.68), possibilities for development (OR = 0.76, CI: 0.59-0.97) meaning of work (OR = 0.69, CI: 0.59-0.89) and commitment (OR = 0.60, CI: 0.47-0.78). CONCLUSION The results point toward the need of such organizational measures that allow for the reduction of psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Nistor
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
| | - Anikó Nistor
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
| | - Szilvia Ádám
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
| | | | - Barna Konkolÿ Thege
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089 University of Calgary Department of Psychology Calgary Kanada
| | - Adrienne Stauder
- Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Magatartástudományi Intézet Budapest Nagyvárad tér 4., XX. emelet 1089
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Hoven H, Wahrendorf M, Siegrist J. Occupational position, work stress and depressive symptoms: a pathway analysis of longitudinal SHARE data. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:447-52. [PMID: 25648992 PMCID: PMC4413688 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies tested whether stressful work mediates the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health. Although providing moderate support, evidence is still inconclusive, partly due to a lack of theory-based measures of SEP and work stress, and because of methodological limitations. This contribution aims at overcoming these limitations. Methods We conduct pathway analysis and investigate indirect effects of SEP on mental health via stressful work. Data are derived from the first two waves of the ‘Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe’ (SHARE) with information from employed men and women aged 50–64 across 11 European countries (N=2798). SEP is measured according to two alternative measures of occupational position: occupational class (focus on employment relations) and occupational status (focus on prestige). We assess work stress according to the effort-reward imbalance and the demand-control model (wave 1), and we use newly occurring depressive symptoms as health outcome (wave 2). Results Effort-reward imbalance and, less consistently, low control mediate the effect of occupational class and occupational status on depressive symptoms. Conclusions Our findings point to two important aspects of work stress (effort-reward imbalance and low control) in explaining socioeconomic differences in health. Further, we illustrate the significance of two alternative dimensions of occupational position, occupational class and occupational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoven
- Faculty of Medicine, Senior Professorship on Work Stress Research, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany Centre for Health and Society, Institute for Medical Sociology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Wahrendorf
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute for Medical Sociology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - J Siegrist
- Faculty of Medicine, Senior Professorship on Work Stress Research, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Hintsa T, Kouvonen A, McCann M, Jokela M, Elovainio M, Demakakos P. Higher effort-reward imbalance and lower job control predict exit from the labour market at the age of 61 years or younger: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:543-9. [PMID: 25631860 PMCID: PMC4453492 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined whether higher effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and lower job control are associated with exit from the labour market. METHODS There were 1263 participants aged 50-74 years from the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing with data on working status and work-related psychosocial factors at baseline (wave 2; 2004-2005), and working status at follow-up (wave 5; 2010-2011). Psychosocial factors at work were assessed using a short validated version of ERI and job control. An allostatic load index was formed using 13 biological parameters. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Exit from the labour market was defined as not working in the labour market when 61 years old or younger in 2010-2011. RESULTS Higher ERI OR=1.62 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.61, p=0.048) predicted exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupational class, allostatic load and depression. Job control OR=0.60 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.85, p=0.004) was associated with exit from the labour market independent of age, sex, education, occupation and depression. The association of higher effort OR=1.32 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.73, p=0.045) with exit from the labour market was independent of age, sex and depression but attenuated to non-significance when additionally controlling for socioeconomic measures. Reward was not related to exit from the labour market. CONCLUSIONS Stressful work conditions can be a risk for exiting the labour market before the age of 61 years. Neither socioeconomic position nor allostatic load and depressive symptoms seem to explain this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hintsa
- Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Kouvonen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Faculty in Wroclaw, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M McCann
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Jokela
- Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Elovainio
- Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Demakakos
- Division of Population Health, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Pogosova N, Saner H, Pedersen SS, Cupples ME, McGee H, Höfer S, Doyle F, Schmid JP, von Känel R. Psychosocial aspects in cardiac rehabilitation: From theory to practice. A position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 22:1290-306. [PMID: 25059929 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314543075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A large body of empirical research shows that psychosocial risk factors (PSRFs) such as low socio-economic status, social isolation, stress, type-D personality, depression and anxiety increase the risk of incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and also contribute to poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and prognosis in patients with established CHD. PSRFs may also act as barriers to lifestyle changes and treatment adherence and may moderate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Furthermore, there appears to be a bidirectional interaction between PSRFs and the cardiovascular system. Stress, anxiety and depression affect the cardiovascular system through immune, neuroendocrine and behavioural pathways. In turn, CHD and its associated treatments may lead to distress in patients, including anxiety and depression. In clinical practice, PSRFs can be assessed with single-item screening questions, standardised questionnaires, or structured clinical interviews. Psychotherapy and medication can be considered to alleviate any PSRF-related symptoms and to enhance HRQoL, but the evidence for a definite beneficial effect on cardiac endpoints is inconclusive. A multimodal behavioural intervention, integrating counselling for PSRFs and coping with illness should be included within comprehensive CR. Patients with clinically significant symptoms of distress should be referred for psychological counselling or psychologically focused interventions and/or psychopharmacological treatment. To conclude, the success of CR may critically depend on the interdependence of the body and mind and this interaction needs to be reflected through the assessment and management of PSRFs in line with robust scientific evidence, by trained staff, integrated within the core CR team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Pogosova
- Federal Health Center and Department of Internal Disease Prevention, National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Russia
| | - Hugo Saner
- Cardiovascular Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Susanne S Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Margaret E Cupples
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health (Northern Ireland), Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Hannah McGee
- Division of Population Health Sciences (Psychology), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Stefan Höfer
- Medical Psychology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - Frank Doyle
- Division of Population Health Sciences (Psychology), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Jean-Paul Schmid
- Cardiology Clinic, Tiefenauspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Roland von Känel
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Clinic Barmelweid, Barmelweid, Switzerland
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