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Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Sun Z, Zhang T, Feng W, Li G, Li R, Xing L. Virtual multiplexed immunofluorescence staining from non-antibody-stained fluorescence imaging for gastric cancer prognosis. EBioMedicine 2024; 107:105287. [PMID: 39154539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) staining, such as CODEX and MIBI, holds significant clinical value for various fields, such as disease diagnosis, biological research, and drug development. However, these techniques are often hindered by high time and cost requirements. METHODS Here we present a Multimodal-Attention-based virtual mIF Staining (MAS) system that utilises a deep learning model to extract potential antibody-related features from dual-modal non-antibody-stained fluorescence imaging, specifically autofluorescence (AF) and DAPI imaging. The MAS system simultaneously generates predictions of mIF with multiple survival-associated biomarkers in gastric cancer using self- and multi-attention learning mechanisms. FINDINGS Experimental results with 180 pathological slides from 94 patients with gastric cancer demonstrate the efficiency and consistent performance of the MAS system in both cancer and noncancer gastric tissues. Furthermore, we showcase the prognostic accuracy of the virtual mIF images of seven gastric cancer related biomarkers, including CD3, CD20, FOXP3, PD1, CD8, CD163, and PD-L1, which is comparable to those obtained from the standard mIF staining. INTERPRETATION The MAS system rapidly generates reliable multiplexed staining, greatly reducing the cost of mIF and improving clinical workflow. FUNDING Stanford 2022 HAI Seed Grant; National Institutes of Health 1R01CA256890.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixia Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yuming Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
| | - Zepang Sun
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taojun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruijiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Anajirih N, Abdeen A, Taher ES, Abdelkader A, Abd-Ellatieff HA, Gewaily MS, Ahmed NE, Al-Serwi RH, Sorour SM, Abdelkareem HM, Ebrahim E, El-Sherbiny M, Imbrea F, Imbrea I, Ramadan MM, Habotta OA. Alchemilla vulgaris modulates isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity: interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1394557. [PMID: 39170697 PMCID: PMC11335554 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1394557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Isoproterenol (ISO) is regarded as an adrenergic non-selective β agonist. It regulates myocardial contractility and may cause damage to cardiac tissues. Alchemilla vulgaris (AV) is an herbal plant that has garnered considerable attention due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactive components. The present investigation assessed the cardioprotective potential of AV towards ISO-induced myocardial damage. Methods: Four groups of mice were utilized: control that received saline, an ISO group (85 mg/kg, S.C.), ISO + AV100, and ISO + AV200 groups (mice received 100 or 200 mg/kg AV orally along with ISO). Results and discussion: ISO induced notable cardiac damage demonstrated by clear histopathological disruption and alterations in biochemical parameters. Intriguingly, AV treatment mitigates ISO provoked oxidative stress elucidated by a substantial enhancement in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content, as well as a considerable reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations. In addition, notable downregulation of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, TNF-α, and RAGE) and the NF-κB/p65 pathway was observed in ISO-exposed animals following AV treatment. Furthermore, the pro-apoptotic marker Bax was downregulated together with autophagy markers Beclin1 and LC3 with in ISO-exposed animals when treated with AV. Pre-treatment with AV significantly alleviated ISO-induced cardiac damage in a dose related manner, possibly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Interestingly, when AV was given at higher doses, a remarkable restoration of ISO-induced cardiac injury was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha Anajirih
- Department of Medical Emergency Services, College of Health Sciences in Al-Qunfudah, UmmAl-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Ehab S. Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Abd-Ellatieff
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Gewaily
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nashwa E. Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Rasha H. Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safwa M. Sorour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Abdelkareem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah, Jordan
| | - Elturabi Ebrahim
- Medical‐Surgical Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Florin Imbrea
- Department of Agricultural Technologies, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” From Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ilinca Imbrea
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” From Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mahmoud M. Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ola A. Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Fastenau C, Bunce M, Keating M, Wickline J, Hopp SC, Bieniek KF. Distinct patterns of plaque and microglia glycosylation in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13267. [PMID: 38724175 PMCID: PMC11189777 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most common form of post-translational modification in the brain. Aberrant glycosylation has been observed in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, including dysregulation of terminal sialic acid (SA) modifications. While alterations in sialylation have been identified in AD, the localization of SA modifications on cellular or aggregate-associated glycans is largely unknown because of limited spatial resolution of commonly utilized methods. The present study aims to overcome these limitations with novel combinations of histologic techniques to characterize the sialylation landscape of O- and N-linked glycans in autopsy-confirmed AD post-mortem brain tissue. Sialylated glycans facilitate important cellular functions including cell-to-cell interaction, cell migration, cell adhesion, immune regulation, and membrane excitability. Previous studies have not investigated both N- and O-linked sialylated glycans in neurodegeneration. In this study, the location and distribution of sialylated glycans were evaluated in three brain regions (frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum) from 10 AD cases using quantitative digital pathology techniques. Notably, we found significantly greater N-sialylation of the Aβ plaque microenvironment compared with O-sialylation. Plaque-associated microglia displayed the most intense N-sialylation proximal to plaque pathology. Further analyses revealed distinct differences in the levels of N- and O-sialylation between cored and diffuse Aβ plaque morphologies. Interestingly, phosphorylated tau pathology led to a slight increase in N-sialylation and no influence of O-sialylation in these AD brains. Confirming our previous observations in mice with novel histologic approach, these findings support microglia sialylation appears to have a relationship with AD protein aggregates while providing potential targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Fastenau
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Madison Bunce
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Mallory Keating
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Jessica Wickline
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Sarah C. Hopp
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Kevin F. Bieniek
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
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Mukherjee A, Sen R, Al Hoque A, Giri TK, Mukherjee B. H-ras-targeted genetic therapy remarkably surpassed docetaxel treatment in inhibiting chemically induced hepatic tumors in rats. Life Sci 2024; 348:122680. [PMID: 38697280 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. But its chemotherapeutic options are far from expectation. We here compared H-ras targeted genetic therapy to a commercial docetaxel formulation (DXT) in inhibiting HCC in rats. MAIN METHODS After the physicochemical characterization of phosphorothioate-antisense oligomer (PS-ASO) against H-ras mutated gene, the PS-ASO-mediated in vitro hemolysis, in vivo hepatic uptake, its pharmacokinetic profile, tissue distribution in some highly perfused organs, its effect in normal rats, antineoplastic efficacy in carcinogen-induced HCC in rats were evaluated and compared against DXT treatment. Mutated H-ras expression by in situ hybridization, hep-par-I, CK-7, CD-15, p53 expression patterns by immunohistochemical methods, scanning electron microscopic evaluation of hepatic architecture, various hepatic marker enzyme levels and caspase-3/9 apoptotic enzyme activities were also carried out in the experimental rats. KEY FINDINGS PS-ASO showed low in vitro hemolysis (<3 %), and had a sustained PS-ASO blood residence time in vivo compared to DTX, with a time-dependent hepatic uptake. It showed no toxic manifestations in normal rats. PS-ASO distribution was although initially less in the lung than liver and kidney, but at 8 h it accumulated more in lung than kidney. Antineoplastic potential of PS-ASO (treated for 6 weeks) excelled in inhibiting chemically induced tumorigenesis compared to DTX in rats, by inhibiting H-ras gene expression, some immonohistochemical modulations, and inducing caspase-3/9-mediated apoptosis. It prevented HCC-mediated lung metastatic tumor in the experimental rats. SIGNIFICANCE PS-ASO genetic therapy showed potential to inhibit HCC far more effectively than DXT in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankar Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ashique Al Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Biswajit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Li BC, Hammond S, Parwani AV, Shen R. Artificial intelligence algorithm accurately assesses oestrogen receptor immunohistochemistry in metastatic breast cancer cytology specimens: A pilot study. Cytopathology 2024; 35:464-472. [PMID: 38519745 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Visiopharm artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for oestrogen receptor (ER) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in whole slide images (WSIs) has been successfully validated in surgical pathology. This study aimed to assess its efficacy in cytology specimens. METHODS The study cohort comprised 105 consecutive cytology specimens with metastatic breast carcinoma. ER IHC WSIs were seamlessly integrated into the Visiopharm platform from the Image Management System (IMS) during our routine digital workflow, and an AI algorithm was employed for analysis. ER AI scores were compared with pathologists' manual consensus scores. Optimization steps were implemented and evaluated to reduce discordance. RESULTS The overall concordance between pathologists' scores and AI scores was excellent (99/105, 94.3%). Six cases exhibited discordant results, including two false-negative (FN) cases due to abundant histiocytes incorrectly counted as negatively stained tumour cells by AI, two FN cases owing to weak staining, and two false-positive (FP) cases where pigmented macrophages were erroneously counted as positively stained tumour cells by AI. The Pearson correlation coefficient of ER-positive percentages between pathologists' and AI scores was 0.8483. Optimization steps, such as lowering the cut-off threshold and additional training using higher input magnification, significantly improved accuracy. CONCLUSIONS The automated ER AI algorithm demonstrated excellent concordance with pathologists' assessments and accurately differentiated ER-positive from ER-negative metastatic breast carcinoma cytology cases. However, precision in identifying tumour cells in cytology specimens requires further enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna C Li
- Dublin Jerome High School, Dublin, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott Hammond
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rulong Shen
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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6
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Wang M, Li W, Sanchez Flores R, Cai L, Garciamendez-Mijares CE, Gill S, Snyder D, Millabas J, Chafin D, Zhang YS, Djalilvand A. Bioprinted Human Lung Cancer-Mimics for Tissue Diagnostics Applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:270-279. [PMID: 37930720 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a reproducible and secure supply of customizable control tissues that standardizes for the cell type, tissue architecture, and preanalytics of interest for usage in applications including diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive assays, is critical for improving our patient care and welfare. The conventionally adopted control tissues directly obtained from patients are not ideal because they oftentimes have different amounts of normal and neoplastic elements, differing cellularity, differing architecture, and unknown preanalytics, in addition to the limited supply availability and thus associated high costs. In this study, we demonstrated a strategy to stably produce tissue-mimics for diagnostics purposes by taking advantage of the three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology. Specifically, we take anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (Alk+) lung cancer as an example, where a micropore-forming bioink laden with tumor cells was combined with digital light processing-based bioprinting for developing native-like Alk+ lung cancer tissue-mimics with both structural and functional relevancy. It is anticipated that our proposed methodology will pave new avenues for both fields of tissue diagnostics and 3D bioprinting significantly expanding their capacities, scope, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wanlu Li
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Regina Sanchez Flores
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ling Cai
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Gill
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David Snyder
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - David Chafin
- Roche Diagnostics Solutions, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Köhne M, Diel E, Packeiser EM, Böttcher D, Tönissen A, Unruh C, Goericke-Pesch S, Ulrich R, Sieme H. Analysis of gene and protein expression in the endometrium for validation of an ex vivo model of the equine uterus using PCR, digital and visual histopathology. Theriogenology 2024; 221:38-46. [PMID: 38537320 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the past, most research in equine reproduction has been performed in vivo but the use of in vitro and ex vivo models has recently increased. This study aimed to evaluate the functional stability of an ex vivo hemoperfused model for equine uteri with molecular characterization of marker genes and their proteins. In addition, the study validated the respective protein expression and the aptness of the software QuPath for identifying and scoring immunohistochemically stained equine endometrium. After collection, uteri (n = 12) were flushed with preservation solution, transported to the laboratory on ice, and perfused with autologous blood for 6 h. Cycle stage was determined by examination of the ovaries for presence of Graafian follicles or corpora lutea and analysis of plasma progesterone concentration (estrus: n = 4; diestrus: n = 4; anestrus: n = 4). Samples were obtained directly after slaughter, after transportation, and during perfusion (240, 300, 360 min). mRNA expression levels of progesterone (PGR), estrogen (ESR1) and oxytocin (OXTR) receptor as well as of MKI67 (marker of cell growth) and CASP3 (marker of apoptosis) were analyzed by RT-qPCR, and correlation to protein abundance was validated by immunohistochemical staining. Endometrial samples were analyzed by visual and computer-assisted evaluation of stained antigens via QuPath. For PGR, effects of the perfusion and cycle stage on expression were found (P < 0.05), while ESR1 was affected only by cycle stage (P < 0.05) and OXTR was unaffected by perfusion and cycle stage. MKI67 was lower after 360 min of perfusion as compared to samples collected before perfusion (P < 0.05). For CASP3, differences in gene expression were found after transport and samples taken after 240 min (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining revealed effects of perfusion on stromal and glandular cells for steroid hormone receptors, but not for Ki-67 and active Caspase 3. OXTR was visualized in all layers of the endometrium and was unaffected by perfusion. Comparison of QuPath and visual analysis resulted in similar results. For most cell types and stained antigens, the correlation coefficient was r > 0.5. In conclusion, the isolated hemoperfused model of the equine uterus was successfully validated at the molecular level, demonstrating stability of key marker gene expression. The utility of computer-assisted immunohistochemical analysis of equine endometrial samples was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köhne
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Emilia Diel
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Tönissen
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christin Unruh
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Hasegawa T, Someya M, Tsuchiya T, Kitagawa M, Fukushima Y, Gocho T, Mafune S, Okuda R, Kaguchi J, Ohguro A, Kamiyama R, Ashina A, Toshima Y, Hirohashi Y, Torigoe T, Sakata KI. Identification and Quantification of Radiotherapy-related Protein Expression in Cancer Tissues Using the Qupath Software and Prediction of Treatment Response. In Vivo 2024; 38:1470-1476. [PMID: 38688633 PMCID: PMC11059912 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Automated measurement of immunostained samples can enable more convenient and objective prediction of treatment outcome from radiotherapy. We aimed to validate the performance of the QuPath image analysis software in immune cell markers detection by comparing QuPath cell counting results with those of physician manual cell counting. PATIENTS AND METHODS CD8- and FoxP3-stained cervical, CD8-stained oropharyngeal, and Ku70-stained prostate cancer tumor sections were analyzed in 104 cervical, 92 oropharyngeal, and 58 prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at our Institution. RESULTS QuPath and manual counts were highly correlated. When divided into two groups using ROC curves, the agreement between QuPath and manual counts was 89.4% for CD8 and 88.5% for FoxP3 in cervical cancer, 87.0% for CD8 in oropharyngeal cancer and 80.7% for Ku70 in prostate cancer. In cervical cancer, the high CD8 group based on QuPath counts had a better prognosis and the low CD8 group had a significantly worse prognosis [p=0.0003; 5-year overall survival (OS), 65.9% vs. 34.7%]. QuPath counts were more predictive than manual counts. Similar results were observed for FoxP3 in cervical cancer (p=0.002; 5-year OS, 62.1% vs. 33.6%) and CD8 in oropharyngeal cancer (p=0.013; 5-year OS, 80.2% vs. 47.2%). In prostate cancer, high Ku70 group had worse and low group significantly better outcome [p=0.007; 10-year progression-free survival (PFS), 56.0% vs. 93.8%]. CONCLUSION QuPath showed a strong correlation with manual counting, confirming its utility and accuracy and potential applicability in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan;
| | - Masanori Someya
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mio Kitagawa
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukushima
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshio Gocho
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoh Mafune
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuu Okuda
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Juno Kaguchi
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuya Ohguro
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamiyama
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayato Ashina
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Toshima
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichi Sakata
- Department of Radiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Yu F, Huang D, Kuang Y, Dong J, Han Q, Zhou J, Teng X. IRS1 promotes thyroid cancer metastasis through EMT and PI3K/AKT pathways. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024; 100:284-293. [PMID: 38172081 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin receptor substract 1 (IRS1) protein is an important signal transduction adapter for extracellular signal transduction from insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and its family members to IRS1 downstream proteins. IRS1 has been reported to be involved in tumourigenesis and metastasis in some of solid tumors. Investigating the role of IRS1 in thyroid cancer can help to screen high risk patients at the initial diagnosis. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression levels of IRS1 in 131 metastatic thyroid cancer tissues. Wound healing, cell invasion and colony formation assays were used to study the functions of IRS1 in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Western blot analysis analyses were performed to examine the underlying regulation mechanisms of IRS1 in thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS IRS1 was highly expressed in thyroid cancers and its expression was positively associated with distant metastasis and advanced clinical stages. In vitro studies demonstrated that IRS1 is an important mediator of migration, invasion and colony formation of thyroid cancer cells. RNA-seq showed that IRS1 promoted the metastasis of thyroid cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS IRS1 overexpression contributes to the aggressiveness of thyroid cancer and is expected to be a stratified marker and a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeye Kuang
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Rodríguez-Candela Mateos M, Azmat M, Santiago-Freijanes P, Galán-Moya EM, Fernández-Delgado M, Aponte RB, Mosquera J, Acea B, Cernadas E, Mayán MD. Software BreastAnalyser for the semi-automatic analysis of breast cancer immunohistochemical images. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2995. [PMID: 38316810 PMCID: PMC10844656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide and represents the fifth cause of cancer mortality globally. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, that comprises various molecular subtypes, often diagnosed by immunohistochemistry. This technique is widely employed in basic, translational and pathological anatomy research, where it can support the oncological diagnosis, therapeutic decisions and biomarker discovery. Nevertheless, its evaluation is often qualitative, raising the need for accurate quantitation methodologies. We present the software BreastAnalyser, a valuable and reliable tool to automatically measure the area of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrocholoride (DAB)-brown-stained proteins detected by immunohistochemistry. BreastAnalyser also automatically counts cell nuclei and classifies them according to their DAB-brown-staining level. This is performed using sophisticated segmentation algorithms that consider intrinsic image variability and save image normalization time. BreastAnalyser has a clean, friendly and intuitive interface that allows to supervise the quantitations performed by the user, to annotate images and to unify the experts' criteria. BreastAnalyser was validated in representative human breast cancer immunohistochemistry images detecting various antigens. According to the automatic processing, the DAB-brown area was almost perfectly recognized, being the average difference between true and computer DAB-brown percentage lower than 0.7 points for all sets. The detection of nuclei allowed proper cell density relativization of the brown signal for comparison purposes between the different patients. BreastAnalyser obtained a score of 85.5 using the system usability scale questionnaire, which means that the tool is perceived as excellent by the experts. In the biomedical context, the connexin43 (Cx43) protein was found to be significantly downregulated in human core needle invasive breast cancer samples when compared to normal breast, with a trend to decrease as the subtype malignancy increased. Higher Cx43 protein levels were significantly associated to lower cancer recurrence risk in Oncotype DX-tested luminal B HER2- breast cancer tissues. BreastAnalyser and the annotated images are publically available https://citius.usc.es/transferencia/software/breastanalyser for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodríguez-Candela Mateos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Azmat
- CiTIUS - Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes da USC, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paz Santiago-Freijanes
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva María Galán-Moya
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB) and Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Grupo Mixto de Oncología Traslacional UCLM-GAI Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Delgado
- CiTIUS - Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes da USC, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosa Barbella Aponte
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Joaquín Mosquera
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
- Breast Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Benigno Acea
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
- Breast Unit, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eva Cernadas
- CiTIUS - Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes da USC, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María D Mayán
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain.
- CELLCOM Research Group. Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) and Institute of Biomedical Research of Ourense-Pontevedra-Vigo (IBI), University of Vigo. Edificio Olimpia Valencia, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Pontevedra, Spain.
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11
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G Jagadeeshaprasad M, Zeng J, Zheng N. LC-MS bioanalysis of protein biomarkers and protein therapeutics in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:245-258. [PMID: 38226835 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) is a form of preservation and preparation for biopsy specimens. FFPE tissue specimens are readily available as part of oncology studies because they are often collected for disease diagnosis or confirmation. FFPE tissue specimens could be extremely useful for retrospective studies on protein biomarkers because the samples preserved in FFPE blocks could be stable for decades. However, LC-MS bioanalysis of FFPE tissues poses significant challenges. In this Perspective, we review the benefits and recent developments in LC-MS approach for targeted protein biomarker and protein therapeutic analysis using FFPE tissues and their clinical and translational applications. We believe that LC-MS bioanalysis of protein biomarkers in FFPE tissue specimens represents a great potential for its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianing Zeng
- Department of Protein Sciences & Mass Spectrometry, Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | - Naiyu Zheng
- Department of Protein Sciences & Mass Spectrometry, Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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12
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Wen Z, Luo D, Wang S, Rong R, Evers BM, Jia L, Fang Y, Daoud EV, Yang S, Gu Z, Arner EN, Lewis CM, Solis Soto LM, Fujimoto J, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Yang DM, Brekken RA, O'Donnell KA, Xie Y, Xiao G. Deep Learning-Based H-Score Quantification of Immunohistochemistry-Stained Images. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100398. [PMID: 38043788 PMCID: PMC11141889 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established and commonly used staining method for clinical diagnosis and biomedical research. In most IHC images, the target protein is conjugated with a specific antibody and stained using diaminobenzidine (DAB), resulting in a brown coloration, whereas hematoxylin serves as a blue counterstain for cell nuclei. The protein expression level is quantified through the H-score, calculated from DAB staining intensity within the target cell region. Traditionally, this process requires evaluation by 2 expert pathologists, which is both time consuming and subjective. To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of this process, we have developed an automatic algorithm for quantifying the H-score of IHC images. To characterize protein expression in specific cell regions, a deep learning model for region recognition was trained based on hematoxylin staining only, achieving pixel accuracy for each class ranging from 0.92 to 0.99. Within the desired area, the algorithm categorizes DAB intensity of each pixel as negative, weak, moderate, or strong staining and calculates the final H-score based on the percentage of each intensity category. Overall, this algorithm takes an IHC image as input and directly outputs the H-score within a few seconds, significantly enhancing the speed of IHC image analysis. This automated tool provides H-score quantification with precision and consistency comparable to experienced pathologists but at a significantly reduced cost during IHC diagnostic workups. It holds significant potential to advance biomedical research reliant on IHC staining for protein expression quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Wen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Danni Luo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shidan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ruichen Rong
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bret M Evers
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Liwei Jia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yisheng Fang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elena V Daoud
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zifan Gu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Emily N Arner
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cheryl M Lewis
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Donghan M Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathryn A O'Donnell
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Hamon Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Hamon Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Peter O'Donnell Jr School of Public Health, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Hamon Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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13
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Amer SA, Behairy A, Abd El-Rahman GI, Gouda A, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Moustafa AA, Abdel Moniem H, Davies SJ, EL-Sayed Kamel A. Evaluation of dietary supplementation of frankincense oil on broiler chicken growth performance, hepatic histomorphology, antioxidant activity, blood biochemical parameters, and inflammatory responses. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023; 22:841-855. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2248177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Gouda
- Department of Animal Production, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, Center of National Research, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr A. Moustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah Abdel Moniem
- Animal Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- School of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway Republic of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Asmaa EL-Sayed Kamel
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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14
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Omar AE, El-Rahman GIA, Gouda A, Abdel-Warith AWA, Younis EM, Abdo SA, Eltanahy A, Kamal AS, Davies SJ, Amer SA. Effects of Dietary Microbial Muramidase on the Growth, Liver Histoarchitecture, Antioxidant Status, and Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3862. [PMID: 38136899 PMCID: PMC10740586 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of microbial muramidase (MMUR) addition to broiler chicken rations was evaluated through growth parameters, liver histoarchitecture, antioxidant status, biochemical analysis, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines for 35 days. Four hundred three-day-old chicks (97.68 ± 0.59 g) were distributed to four distinct groups with ten duplicates each (100 chicks/group) consisting of: group 1 (G1): a basal diet without MMUR (control group); G2: a basal diet + 200 mg MMUR kg-1 G3: a basal diet + 400 mg MMUR kg-1; and G4: a basal diet + 600 mg MMUR kg-1. The results showed that the final body weight and total weight gain were increased (p = 0.015) in birds fed with diets supplemented with MMUR at 600 mg kg-1. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in all treatment groups compared with the control group. Birds fed with a diet supplemented with 600 mg MMUR kg-1 showed the highest body weight gain and improved FCR. The values of thyroxin hormones and growth hormones were increased in all MMUR-supplemented groups. Dietary MMUR increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (total antioxidant activity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and decreased the activity of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). In addition, it increased the values of interleukin 1 beta and interferon-gamma compared with the control group. Furthermore, dietary MMUR increased the expression of transforming growth factor-beta immunostaining in the liver and spleen tissues. Our results show that supplementing broilers' diets with 600 mg MMUR kg-1 could enhance the chicken growth rate and improve their antioxidant, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaam E. Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | | | - Elsayed M. Younis
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar A. Abdo
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Azhar Eltanahy
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Said Kamal
- Department of Birds and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Aquaculture Nutrition Research Unit ANRU, Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, H91V8Y1 Galway, Ireland
| | - Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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15
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de Velozo G, Cordeiro J, Sousa J, Holanda AC, Pessoa G, Porfírio M, Távora F. Comparison of glass and digital slides for cervical cytopathology screening and interpretation. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:735-743. [PMID: 37587842 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common form of cancer and a leading cause of premature death among women aged 15 to 44 worldwide. In Brazil, there is a high prevalence of infection by the human papillomavirus - HPV. Digital pathology optimizes time and space for reading cervicovaginal cytology slides. We evaluated the feasibility of using whole slide images (WSI) for the routine interpretation of cytology exams. A total of 99 cases of vaginal cytology were selected from a reference laboratory in Northeastern Brazil. Three cytotechnicians participated in the study. Cellular atypia was the one that most presented concordance values. Two observers almost perfectly agreed (k = 0.86 and k = 0.84, respectively) on the negative diagnoses. The performance of the evaluators for NILM (negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy) showed high reproducibility and sensitivity in the digital slides, mainly between evaluators A and C. In contrast, the microbiology group showed disagreement between the diagnoses by digital slides and the standard- gold. The concordance between the digital diagnoses and the gold standard for ASCUS was 89%. In the inflammatory category, Spearman's test showed similar results between raters A, B, and C (rs = 0.47, rs = 0.41, and rs = 0.47, respectively). This study reports the diagnostic validation using digital slides in view of the need to optimize the cytology visualization process. Our experience shows good diagnostic agreement between digital and optical microscopy in several analyzed categories, but mainly in relation to cellular atypia and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Cordeiro
- Federal University of Ceará, Argos Patologia Laboratory, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mônica Porfírio
- Federal University of Ceará, Argos Patologia Laboratory, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fábio Távora
- Federal University of Ceará, Argos Patologia Laboratory, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Ye Y, Wu X, Wang H, Ye H, Zhao K, Yao S, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Liang C. Artificial intelligence-assisted analysis for tumor-immune interaction within the invasive margin of colorectal cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2215541. [PMID: 37224471 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2215541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer (CRC), both tumor invasion and immunological analysis at the tumor invasive margin (IM) are significantly associated with patient prognosis, but have traditionally been reported independently. We propose a new scoring system, the TGP-I score, to assess the association and interactions between tumor growth pattern (TGP) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes at the IM and to predict its prognostic validity for CRC patient stratification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The types of TGP were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images. The CD3+ T-cells density at the IM was automatically quantified on immunohistochemical-stained slides using a deep learning method. A discovery (N = 347) and a validation (N = 132) cohorts were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the TGP-I score for overall survival. RESULTS The TGP-I score3 (trichotomy) was an independent prognostic factor, with higher TGP-I score3 associated with worse prognosis in the discovery (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] for high vs. low 3.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22-5.90; p < 0.001) and validation cohort (unadjusted HR for high vs. low 5.79, 95% CI 1.84-18.20; p = 0.003). The relative contribution of each parameter to predicting survival was analyzed. The TGP-I score3 had similar importance compared to tumor-node-metastasis staging (31.2% vs. 32.9%) and was stronger than other clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS This automated workflow and the proposed TGP-I score could further provide accurate prognostic stratification and have potential value for supporting the clinical decision-making of stage I-III CRC patients.Key messagesA new scoring system, the TGP-I score, was proposed to assess the association and interactions of TGP and TILs at the tumor invasive margin.TGP-I score could be an independent predictor of prognosis for CRC patients, with higher scores being associated with worse survival.TGP-I score had similar importance compared to tumor-node-metastasis staging and was stronger than other clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Ye
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Ye
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Su Yao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Liang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Nofal AE, AboShabaan HS, Fayyad RM, Ereba RE, Omar NA, Elsharkawy SM, Elberri AI. Immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory impact of Fragaria ananassa methanol extract in a rat model of cadmium chloride-induced pulmonary toxicity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297315. [PMID: 38094291 PMCID: PMC10716534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is an extremely dangerous heavy metal that can lead to disastrous consequences in all organisms. Several natural remedies reduce the toxicities of experimentally generated metals in animals. Strawberry Fragaria ananassa contains several bioactive compounds that may mitigate heavy-metal toxicity. The study aim was to evaluate the ability of a strawberry fruit methanol extract (SE) to reduce Cd toxicity and to identify and quantify the active constituents of SE. Forty Wistar rats were classified into four groups: the control group- 1 ml saline IP; SE group- 100 mg of SE/kg rats orally; cadmium (Cd) group-2 mg CdCl2/kg body weight/IP daily; and treated group- SE given 1 hour before Cd administration. Administration of Cd induced several histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in lung sections. Biochemical analysis of lung homogenates and mRNA levels of antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines indicated significant changes to the risk profile. SE administration significantly decreased the oxidative stress, inflammation, tissue damage, the mean area percentage of collagen fibers, and positive immuno-expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB induced by CdCl2. Moreover, the MDA, TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IL-1β levels in Cd-exposed rat lung tissue were significantly lower in the SE-treated group than in the Cd-group. SE significantly augmented lung GSH, SOD, HO-1, GPx-2, and Nrf2 levels in Cd-exposed rats. SE mitigated Cd-caused oxidative stress and lung inflammation. Therefore, regularly consuming a strawberry-rich diet could benefit general health and help prevent and treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany E. Nofal
- Histology and Histochemistry Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hind S. AboShabaan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Reda M. Fayyad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rafik E. Ereba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nassar A. Omar
- Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Aya I. Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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18
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Gong X, Zheng C, Jia H, Liu Y, Yang R, Chen Z, Pan Y, Li X, Liu Y. A pan-cancer analysis revealing the role of LFNG, MFNG and RFNG in tumor prognosis and microenvironment. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1065. [PMID: 37932706 PMCID: PMC10626706 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fringe is a glycosyltransferase involved in tumor occurrence and metastasis. However, a comprehensive analysis of the Fringe family members lunatic fringe (LFNG), manic fringe (MFNG), radical fringe (RFNG) in human cancers is lacking. METHODS In this study, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of Fringe family members in 33 cancer types with transcriptomic, genomic, methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. The correlation between Fringe family member expression and patient overall survival, copy number variation, methylation, Gene Ontology enrichment, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was investigated by using multiple databases, such as cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas, GeneCards, STRING, MSigDB, TISIDB, and TIMER2. In vitro experiments and immunohistochemical assays were performed to validate our findings. RESULTS High expression levels of LFNG, MFNG, RFNG were closely associated with poor overall survival in multiple cancers, particularly in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), uveal melanoma (UVM), and brain lower-grade glioma (LGG). Copy number variation analysis revealed that diploid and gain mutations of LFNG was significantly increased in PAAD and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and significantly associated with the methylation levels in promoter regions. Significant differential genes between high and low expression groups of these Fringe family members were found to be consistently enriched in immune response and T cell activation pathway, extracellular matrix adhesion pathway, RNA splicing and ion transport pathways. Correlation between the abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and LFNG, MFNG, and RFNG expression showed that high LFNG expression was associated with lower TIL levels, particularly in PAAD. In vitro experiment by using pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells showed that LFNG overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion. Immunohistochemical assay in 90 PAAD patients verified the expression level of LFNG and its relationship with the prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a relatively comprehensive understanding of the expression, mutation, copy number, promoter methylation level changes along with prognosis values of LFNG, MFNG, and RFNG in different tumors. High LFNG expression may serve as a poor prognosis molecular marker for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chenglong Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yangruiyu Liu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zizhou Chen
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Pan
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, 1098 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
- Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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McDonald SJ, Bullard BM, VanderVeen BN, Cardaci TD, Huss AR, Fan D, Hofseth LJ, Murphy EA. Panaxynol alleviates colorectal cancer in a murine model via suppressing macrophages and inflammation. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G318-G333. [PMID: 37489869 PMCID: PMC10642997 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00119.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently available colorectal cancer (CRC) therapies have limited efficacy and severe adverse effects that may be overcome with the alternative use of natural compounds. We previously reported that panaxynol (PA), a bioactive component in American ginseng, possesses anticancer properties in vitro and suppresses murine colitis through its proapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Because colitis is a predisposing factor of CRC and inflammation is a major driver of CRC, we sought to evaluate the therapeutic potential of PA in CRC. Azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) mice (C57BL/6) were administered 2.5 mg/kg PA or vehicle 3 times/wk via oral gavage over 12 wk. PA improved clinical symptoms (P ≤ 0.05) and reduced tumorigenesis (P ≤ 0.05). This improvement may be reflective of PA's restorative effect on intestinal barrier function; PA upregulated the expression of essential tight junction and mucin genes (P ≤ 0.05) and increased the abundance of mucin-producing goblet cells (P ≤ 0.05). Given that macrophages play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of CRC and that we previously demonstrated that PA targets macrophages in colitis, we next assessed macrophages. We show that PA reduces the relative abundance of colonic macrophages within the lamina propria (P ≤ 0.05), and this was consistent with a reduction in the expression of important markers of macrophages and inflammation (P ≤ 0.05). We further confirmed PA's inhibitory effects on macrophages in vitro under CRC conditions (P ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that PA is a promising therapeutic compound to treat CRC and improve clinical symptoms given its ability to inhibit macrophages and modulate the inflammatory environment in the colon.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that panaxynol (PA) reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) by improving the colonic and tumor environment. Specifically, we demonstrate that PA improves crypt morphology, upregulates crucial tight junction and mucin genes, and promotes the abundance of mucin-producing goblet cells. Furthermore, PA reduces macrophages and associated inflammation, important drivers of CRC, in the colonic environment. This present study provides novel insights into the potential of PA as a therapeutic agent to ameliorate CRC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Brooke M Bullard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Thomas D Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Alexander R Huss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
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20
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McDonald SJ, Bullard BM, VanderVeen BN, Cardaci TD, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Murphy EA. Emodin reduces surgical wounding-accelerated tumor growth and metastasis via macrophage suppression in a murine triple-negative breast cancer model. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15813. [PMID: 37821408 PMCID: PMC10567645 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suspected that tumor resection surgery itself may accelerate breast cancer (BC) lung metastasis in some patients. Emodin, a natural anthraquinone found in the roots and rhizomes of various plants, exhibits anticancer activity. We examined the perioperative use of emodin in our established surgery wounding murine BC model. Emodin reduced primary BC tumor growth and metastasis in the lungs in both sham and surgical wounded mice, consistent with a reduction in proliferation and enhanced apoptosis (primary tumor and lungs). Further, emodin reduced systemic inflammation, most notably the number of monocytes in the peripheral blood and reduced pro-tumoral M2 macrophages in the primary tumor and the lungs. Consistently, we show that emodin reduces gene expression of select macrophage markers and associated cytokines in the primary tumor and lungs of wounded mice. Overall, we demonstrate that emodin is beneficial in mitigating surgical wounding accelerated lung metastasis in a model of triple-negative BC, which appears to be mediated, at least in part, by its actions on macrophages. These data support the development of emodin as a safe, low-cost, and effective agent to be used perioperatively to alleviate the surgery triggered inflammatory response and consequential metastasis of BC to the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J. McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brooke M. Bullard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas D. Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- AcePre, LLCColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of MedicineUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- AcePre, LLCColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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Liu Y, Han D, Parwani AV, Li Z. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:1003-1013. [PMID: 36800539 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0457-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Increasing implementation of whole slide imaging together with digital workflow and advances in computing capacity enable the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology, including breast pathology. Breast pathologists often face a significant workload, with diagnosis complexity, tedious repetitive tasks, and semiquantitative evaluation of biomarkers. Recent advances in developing AI algorithms have provided promising approaches to meet the demand in breast pathology. OBJECTIVE.— To provide an updated review of AI in breast pathology. We examined the success and challenges of current and potential AI applications in diagnosing and grading breast carcinomas and other pathologic changes, detecting lymph node metastasis, quantifying breast cancer biomarkers, predicting prognosis and therapy response, and predicting potential molecular changes. DATA SOURCES.— We obtained data and information by searching and reviewing literature on AI in breast pathology from PubMed and based our own experience. CONCLUSIONS.— With the increasing application in breast pathology, AI not only assists in pathology diagnosis to improve accuracy and reduce pathologists' workload, but also provides new information in predicting prognosis and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Liu
- From the Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (Liu, Han)
| | - Dandan Han
- From the Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (Liu, Han)
| | - Anil V Parwani
- The Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (Parwani, Li)
| | - Zaibo Li
- From the Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (Liu, Han)
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22
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Cooper M, Ji Z, Krishnan RG. Machine learning in computational histopathology: Challenges and opportunities. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:540-556. [PMID: 37314068 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital histopathological images, high-resolution images of stained tissue samples, are a vital tool for clinicians to diagnose and stage cancers. The visual analysis of patient state based on these images are an important part of oncology workflow. Although pathology workflows have historically been conducted in laboratories under a microscope, the increasing digitization of histopathological images has led to their analysis on computers in the clinic. The last decade has seen the emergence of machine learning, and deep learning in particular, a powerful set of tools for the analysis of histopathological images. Machine learning models trained on large datasets of digitized histopathology slides have resulted in automated models for prediction and stratification of patient risk. In this review, we provide context for the rise of such models in computational histopathology, highlight the clinical tasks they have found success in automating, discuss the various machine learning techniques that have been applied to this domain, and underscore open problems and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cooper
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zongliang Ji
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahul G Krishnan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Dey P, Bansal B, Saini T. An emerging era of computational cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2023; 51:270-275. [PMID: 36633016 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant advancement in digital imaging, data management, advanced computational power, and artificial neural network have an immense impact on the field of cytology. The amalgamation of these areas has generated a newer discipline known as computational cytology. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE In To discuss the various important aspects of computational cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the different studies published in English during the last few years on computational cytology. RESULT Computational cytology is a newer and emerging discipline in pathology that deals with the patient's meta-data and digital image data to make a mathematical model to produce diagnostic interpretations and predictions. The role of the cytologist is now changing from a simple observational scientist and slide interpreter to a dynamic and integrated multi-parametric prediction-based scientist. CONCLUSION In the current stage, the cytologist must understand the situation and should have a vision of the complete scenario on computational cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Baneet Bansal
- Department of Cytology and Gynecological Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tarunpreet Saini
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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24
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Asghari A, Vosough Z, Khafri S, Sadr Moharrerpour S, Ghorbani H. Scoring System and Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Using Human Bone Marrow Endothelium Marker-1, Cytokeratin 19, and Galectin-3. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2023; 37:25. [PMID: 37180862 PMCID: PMC10167649 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.37.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and the inadequacy of routine histologic examination in its diagnosis necessitate the application of ancillary studies like immunohistochemistry. This research aimed to investigate the scoring system and diagnosis of PTC with cytokeratin 19 (CK19), human bone marrow endothelium marker-1 (HBME-1), and galectin-3. Methods This experimental laboratory study was performed at Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran from April 2017 to March 2019. Neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue samples of 100 cases with a diagnosis of PTC were selected by convenience sampling. CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 immunohistochemistry markers were used on tissue samples. Analysis was performed using the t test and the chi-square test, as well as the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (significance level P < 0.05). Results The CK19 staining was observed in all 100 (100%) non-neoplastic tissues, but HBME-1 and galectin-3 were positive in 36 (36%) and 14 (14%) of non-neoplastic tissues, respectively. The intensity scores of all the markers and their total had significantly different means in PTC and non-neoplastic tissues (P < 0.001). A significant difference was observed between the total score of each marker and the total score of their combination (P < 0.001). The combination of all 3 markers with an 11.5 0 cut-off for the total score showed the most sensitive (0.99) and specific (1.00) results. Conclusion Interpreting CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 with the aid of the proposed scoring system was fruitful. HBME-1 and galectin-3 can be used individually or in combination for the diagnosis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Asghari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zeinab Vosough
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Soraya Khafri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadr Moharrerpour
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghorbani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Chemerin and Chemokine-like Receptor 1 Expression Are Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in European Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030737. [PMID: 36979716 PMCID: PMC10044805 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemoattractant protein chemerin is protective in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and high expression in HCC tissues of Asian patients was related to a favorable prognosis. Studies from Asia found reduced expression of chemerin in HCC compared to para-tumor tissues while our previous analysis observed the opposite. Aim of this study was to correlate chemerin expression in HCC tissues with disease severity of European patients Hepatocyte chemerin protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in HCC tissue of 383 patients, and was low in 24%, moderate in 49% and high in 27%. High chemerin protein in the HCC tissues was related to the T stage, vessel invasion, histologic grade, Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage and tumor size. Chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) is a functional chemerin receptor. CMKLR1 protein in hepatocytes was low expressed in HCC tissues of 36%, moderate in tissues of 32% and high in 32% of the HCCs. Tumor CMKLR1 was associated with the T stage, vessel invasion, histologic grade and UICC stage. Notably, sex-specific analysis revealed that associations of chemerin and CMKLR1 expression with HCC progression were significant in males but not in females. The tumor chemerin and CMKLR1 protein expression were not related to steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis grades. In summary, chemerin as well as CMKLR1 protein were related to disease severity of European HCC patients, and this was significant in males. This observation is in contrast to Asian patients where higher chemerin in the tumors was protective. Current analysis provides evidence for ethnicity and sex-related differences of tumor expressed chemerin and HCC severity.
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[Impact of digital pathology implementation in Reunion Island]. Bull Cancer 2023; 110:433-439. [PMID: 36803978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the major scientific advances in oncology have complexified anatomic pathology practice. Collaboration with local and national pathologists is essential for ensuring a high-quality diagnosis. Anatomic pathology is undergoing a digital revolution that implements whole slide imaging in routine pathologic diagnosis. Digital pathology improves diagnostic efficiency, allows remote peer review and consultations (telepathology), and enables the use of artificial intelligence. The implementation of digital pathology is of particular interest in isolated territories, facilitating access to expertise and therefore to specialized diagnosis. This review discusses the impact of digital pathology implementation in French overseas territories, particularly in Reunion Island.
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Ritter A, Kreis NN, Roth S, Friemel A, Safdar BK, Hoock SC, Wildner JM, Allert R, Louwen F, Solbach C, Yuan J. Cancer-educated mammary adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells in obesity and breast cancer: spatial regulation and function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:35. [PMID: 36710348 PMCID: PMC9885659 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a common cause of cancer-related death in women. It is well recognized that obesity is associated with an enhanced risk of more aggressive breast cancer as well as reduced patient survival. Breast adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (bASCs) are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment. A key step initially involved in this process might be the de-differentiation of bASCs into tumor supporting phenotypes. METHODS In the present work, we isolated bASCs from adipose tissues adjacent to the tumor (aT bASCs) from lean- (ln-aT bASCs, BMI ≤ 25) and breast cancer patients with obesity (ob-aT bASCs, BMI ≥ 35), and analyzed their phenotypes with functional assays and RNA sequencing, compared to their counterparts isolated from adipose tissues distant from the tumor (dT bASCs). RESULTS We show that ln-aT bASCs are susceptible to be transformed into an inflammatory cancer-associated phenotype, whereas ob-aT bASCs are prone to be cancer-educated into a myofibroblastic phenotype. Both ln-aT- and ob-aT bASCs compromise their physiological differentiation capacity, and upregulate metastasis-promoting factors. While ln-aT bASCs stimulate proliferation, motility and chemoresistance by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of low malignant breast cancer cells, ob-aT bASCs trigger more efficiently a cancer stem cell phenotype in highly malignant breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION Breast cancer-associated bASCs are able to foster malignancy of breast cancer cells by multiple mechanisms, especially, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of stemness-associated genes in breast cancer cells. Blocking the de-differentiation of bASCs in the tumor microenvironment could be a novel strategy to develop an effective intervention for breast cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides mechanistic insights into how obesity affects the phenotype of bASCs in the TME. Moreover, it highlights the molecular changes inside breast cancer cells upon cell-cell interaction with cancer-educated bASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ritter
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina-Naomi Kreis
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Roth
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friemel
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Babek Kahn Safdar
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Samira Catharina Hoock
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Maria Wildner
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Roman Allert
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Louwen
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christine Solbach
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juping Yuan
- Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Frankfurt, J. W. Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Smits HJ, Swartz JE, Philippens ME, de Bree R, Kaanders JH, Koppes SA, Breimer GE, Willems SM. Validation of automated positive cell and region detection of immunohistochemically stained laryngeal tumor tissue using digital image analysis. J Pathol Inform 2023; 14:100198. [PMID: 36818021 PMCID: PMC9930147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to validate a digital image analysis (DIA) workflow for automatic positive cell detection and positive region delineation for immunohistochemical hypoxia markers with a nuclear (hypoxia-inducible factor 1α [HIF-1α]) and a cytoplasmic (pimonidazole [PIMO]) staining pattern. Materials and methods 101 tissue fragments from 44 laryngeal tumor biopsies were immunohistochemically stained for HIF-1α and PIMO. QuPath was used to determine the percentage of positive cells and to delineate positive regions automatically. For HIF-1α, only cells with strong staining were considered positive. Three dedicated head and neck pathologists scored the percentage of positive cells using three categories (0: <1%; 1: 1%-33%; 2: >33%;). The pathologists also delineated the positive regions on 14 corresponding PIMO and HIF-1α-stained fragments. The consensus between observers was used as the reference standard and was compared to the automatic delineation. Results Agreement between categorical positivity scores was 76.2% and 65.4% for PIMO and HIF-1α, respectively. In all cases of disagreement in HIF-1α fragments, the DIA underestimated the percentage of positive cells. As for the region detection, the DIA correctly detected most positive regions on PIMO fragments (false positive area=3.1%, false negative area=0.7%). In HIF-1α, the DIA missed some positive regions (false positive area=1.3%, false negative area=9.7%). Conclusions Positive cell and region detection on biopsy material is feasible, but further optimization is needed before unsupervised use. Validation at varying DAB staining intensities is hampered by lack of reliability of the gold standard (i.e., visual human interpretation). Nevertheless, the DIA method has the potential to be used as a tool to assist pathologists in the analysis of IHC staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde J.G. Smits
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Heidelberglaan 100, Post-box 85500, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Justin E. Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sjors A. Koppes
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben E. Breimer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan M. Willems
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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29
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Safarians G, Sohrabi A, Solomon I, Xiao W, Bastola S, Rajput BW, Epperson M, Rosenzweig I, Tamura K, Singer B, Huang J, Harrison MJ, Sanazzaro T, Condro MC, Kornblum HI, Seidlits SK. Glioblastoma Spheroid Invasion through Soft, Brain-Like Matrices Depends on Hyaluronic Acid-CD44 Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203143. [PMID: 36694362 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased secretion of hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan abundant in the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), correlates with worse clinical outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients. GBM cells aggressively invade the brain parenchyma while encountering spatiotemporal changes in their local ECM, including HA concentration. To investigate how varying HA concentrations affect GBM invasion, patient-derived GBM cells are cultured within a soft, 3D matrix in which HA concentration is precisely varied and cell migration observed. Data demonstrate that HA concentration can determine the invasive activity of patient-derived GBM cells in a biphasic and highly sensitive manner, where the absolute concentration of HA at which cell migration peaked is specific to each patient-derived line. Furthermore, evidence that this response relies on phosphorylated ezrin, which interacts with the intracellular domain of HA-engaged CD44 to effectively link the actin cytoskeleton to the local ECM is provided. Overall, this study highlights CD44-HA binding as a major mediator of GBM cell migration that acts independently of integrins and focal adhesion complexes and suggests that targeting HA-CD44-ezrin interactions represents a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent tumor cell invasion in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Itay Solomon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soniya Bastola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Bushra W Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Epperson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isabella Rosenzweig
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Tamura
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Breahna Singer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mollie J Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Talia Sanazzaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael C Condro
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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30
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Bösherz MS, Samarska IV, Gaisa NT. Scoring Systems for Immunohistochemistry in Urothelial Carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2684:3-25. [PMID: 37410225 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3291-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is widely used in diagnostic and scientific analysis of urothelial carcinoma. Objective interpretation of staining results is mandatory for accuracy and comparability in diagnostic and therapeutic patient care as well as research.Herein we summarize and explain standardized microscopic evaluation and scoring approaches for immunohistochemical stainings. We focus on commonly used and generally feasible approaches for different cellular compartments and comment on their utility in diagnostics and research practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iryna V Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW - School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine T Gaisa
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- German Study Group of Bladder Cancer (DFBK e.V.), Munich, Germany
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31
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Abbas SF, Abdulkadim H, Al-Hashemi HA, Hadi NR. ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NECROSTATIN-1 STABLE IN A MICE MODEL OF ACUTE DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:1600-1607. [PMID: 37622503 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202307113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To evaluate the effect of Necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s), an inhibitor of necroptosis, on acute Dox-induced cardiotoxicity in a mice model. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Fifteen male mice were used. The animals were allocated into three groups. On the third day of the experiment, a single intraper¬itoneal dose of 20 mg/kg Dox was used to induce cardiotoxicity. Mice in the control group were given vehicle (DMSO) intraperitoneally, whereas mice in the third group were given 5 mg/kg Nec-1s two days before Dox treatment and continued for a total of five days. Animals were euthanized at the conclusion of the research. ELISA was used to assess the following parameters: cTnI, TNF-α, IL-1β, GPX-4, and Hmox-1. The expression of TNF-R1 and phosphorylated NF-κβ p65 was measured using immunohistochemistry. In addition, a histopathologic evaluation of the cardiac lesions was conducted. RESULTS Results: Our results showed that Dox treatment substantially elevated serum cTnI levels, increased tissue inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-1β, phospho NF-κβ p65 and TNF-R1), and reduced tissue antioxidant enzymes (GPX-4, Hmox-1). A histopathological analysis showed pronounced necrosis and vacuolization. These results were drastically changed by pretreatment with Nec-1s, with serum cTnI levels in this group being much lower than in the Dox group. In addition to a significant decrease in inflammatory markers, antioxidant enzymes were partially recovered. Moreover, there was preservation of the cardiac morphology to a level that was roughly normal. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that pretreatment with Nec-1s protected against acute Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. This cardioprotective effect was mainly due to amelioration of inflammation that reflected by inhibition of NF-κβ/TNF-α/TNF-R1 pathway, with partial restoration of antioxidant enzymes, GPX-4 and Hmox1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Fadhil Abbas
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH, BASRAH, IRAQ
| | - Hussein Abdulkadim
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, KUFA, IRAQ
| | - Hind A Al-Hashemi
- DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF BASRAH, BASRAH, IRAQ
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY, COLLEGE OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, KUFA, IRAQ
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32
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Oldan JD, Giglio BC, Smith E, Zhao W, Bouchard DM, Ivanovic M, Lee YZ, Collichio FA, Meyers MO, Wallack DE, Abernethy-Leinwand A, Long PK, Trembath DG, Googe PB, Kowalski MH, Ivanova A, Ezzell JA, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Thomas NE, Wong TZ, Ollila DW, Li Z, Moschos SJ. Increased tryptophan, but not increased glucose metabolism, predict resistance of pembrolizumab in stage III/IV melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2204753. [PMID: 37123046 PMCID: PMC10142396 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2204753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of combined IDO/PD1 blockade in metastatic melanoma (MM) failed to show additional clinical benefit compared to PD1-alone inhibition. We reasoned that a tryptophan-metabolizing pathway other than the kynurenine one is essential. We immunohistochemically stained tissues along the nevus-to-MM progression pathway for tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes (TMEs; TPH1, TPH2, TDO2, IDO1) and the tryptophan transporter, LAT1. We assessed tryptophan and glucose metabolism by performing baseline C11-labeled α-methyl tryptophan (C11-AMT) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging of tumor lesions in a prospective clinical trial of pembrolizumab in MM (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03089606). We found higher protein expression of all TMEs and LAT1 in melanoma cells than tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within MM tumors (n = 68). Melanoma cell-specific TPH1 and LAT1 expressions were significantly anti-correlated with TIL presence in MM. High melanoma cell-specific LAT1 and low IDO1 expression were associated with worse overall survival (OS) in MM. Exploratory optimal cutpoint survival analysis of pretreatment 'high' vs. 'low' C11-AMT SUVmax of the hottest tumor lesion per patient revealed that the 'low' C11-AMT SUVmax was associated with longer progression-free survival in our clinical trial (n = 26). We saw no such trends with pretreatment FDG PET SUVmax. Treatment of melanoma cell lines with telotristat, a TPH1 inhibitor, increased IDO expression and kynurenine production in addition to suppression of serotonin production. High melanoma tryptophan metabolism is a poor predictor of pembrolizumab response and an adverse prognostic factor. Serotoninergic but not kynurenine pathway activation may be significant. Melanoma cells outcompete adjacent TILs, eventually depriving the latter of an essential amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D. Oldan
- Departments of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Eric Smith
- Departments of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marija Ivanovic
- Departments of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yueh Z. Lee
- Departments of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frances A. Collichio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael O. Meyers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departmant of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diana E. Wallack
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Patricia K. Long
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departmant of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dimitri G. Trembath
- Departments of Pathology And Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul B. Googe
- Departments of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Madeline H. Kowalski
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Ezzell
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Nancy E. Thomas
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Terence Z. Wong
- Departments of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David W. Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departmant of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zibo Li
- Departments of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, UNC-CH,Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stergios J. Moschos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Departments of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- CONTACT Stergios J. Moschos Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
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33
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M'Koma AE. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Diagnosis and Pharmaceutical Management. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2023; 11:10.18103/mra.v11i1.3135. [PMID: 37089816 PMCID: PMC10118064 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v11i1.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease has an enormous impact on public health, medical systems, economies, and social conditions. Biologic therapy has ameliorated the treatment and clinical course of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The efficacy and safety profiles of currently available therapies are still less that optimal in numerous ways, highlighting the requirement for new therapeutic targets. A bunch of new drug studies are underway in inflammatory bowel disease with promising results. This is an outlined guideline of clinical diagnosis and pharmaceutical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Outline delineates the overall recommendations on the modern principles of desirable practice to bolster the adoption of best implementations and exploration as well as inflammatory bowel disease patient, gastroenterologist, and other healthcare provider education. Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two unsolved medical inflammatory bowel disease-subtypes condition with no drug for cure. The signs and symptoms on first presentation relate to the anatomical localization and severity of the disease and less with the resulting diagnosis that can clinically and histologically be non-definitive to interpret and establish criteria, specifically in colonic inflammatory bowel disease when the establishment is inconclusive is classified as indeterminate colitis. Conservative pharmaceuticals and accessible avenues do not depend on the disease phenotype. The first line management is to manage symptoms and stabilize active disease; at the same time maintenance therapy is indicated. Nutrition and diet do not play a primary therapeutic role but is warranted as supportive care. There is need of special guideline that explore solution of groundwork gap in terms of access limitations to inflammatory bowel disease care, particularly in developing countries and the irregular representation of socioeconomic stratification with a strategic plan, for the unanswered questions and perspective for the future, especially during the surfaced global COVID-19 pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV2 impacting on both the patient's psychological functioning and endoscopy services. Establishment of a global registry system and accumulated experiences have led to consensus for inflammatory bowel disease management under the COVID-19 pandemic. Painstakingly, the pandemic has influenced medical care systems for these patients. I briefly herein viewpoint summarize among other updates the telemedicine roles during the pandemic and how operationally inflammatory bowel disease centers managed patients and ensured quality of care. In conclusion: inflammatory bowel disease has become a global emergent disease. Serious medical errors are public health problem observed in developing nations i.e., to distinguish inflammatory bowel disease and infectious and parasitic diseases. Refractory inflammatory bowel disease is a still significant challenge in the management of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. There are gaps in knowledge and future research directions on the recent newly registered pharmaceuticals. The main clinical outcomes for inflammatory bowel disease were maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amosy Ephreim M'Koma
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville General Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of General Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Affiliated Scientist Investigator, The American Society of Colon, and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), Arlington Heights, IL 60005, Unite States
- The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
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Sola IM, Karin-Kujundzic V, Paic F, Lijovic L, Glibo M, Serman N, Duic T, Skrtic A, Kuna K, Vranic S, Serman L. WNT5A, β‑catenin and SUFU expression patterns, and the significance of microRNA deregulation in placentas with intrauterine growth restriction. Mol Med Rep 2022; 27:28. [PMID: 36524356 PMCID: PMC9813565 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental insufficiency is a common cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It affects ~10% of pregnancies and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although Wnt and Hh pathways are crucial for embryonic development and placentation, their role in the pathology of IUGR is still not sufficiently explored. The present study analyzed the expression of positive regulators of the Wnt pathway, WNT5A and β‑catenin, and the expression of the Hh pathway negative regulator suppressor of fused (SUFU). Immunohistochemical and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) assays were performed on 34 IUGR and 18 placental tissue samples from physiologic singleton‑term pregnancies. Epigenetic mechanisms of SUFU gene regulation were also investigated by methylation‑specific PCR analysis of its promoter and RT‑qPCR analysis of miR‑214‑3p and miR‑378a‑5p expression. WNT5A protein expression was higher in endothelial cells of placental villi from IUGR compared with control tissues. That was also the case for β‑catenin protein expression in trophoblasts and endothelial cells and SUFU protein expression in trophoblasts from IUGR placentas. The SUFU gene promoter remained unmethylated in all tissue samples, while miR‑214‑3p and miR‑378a‑5p were downregulated in IUGR. The present results suggested altered Wnt and Hh signaling in IUGR. DNA methylation did not appear to be a mechanism of SUFU regulation in the pathogenesis of IUGR, but its expression could be regulated by miRNA targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Marija Sola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Karin-Kujundzic
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,Correspondence to: Dr Valentina Karin-Kujundzic, Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, E-mail:
| | - Frane Paic
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lada Lijovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Hospital Fra Mihovil Sučić, 80101 Livno, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mislav Glibo
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Serman
- Zagreb Emergency Medicine Service, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Duic
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Skrtic
- Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,Department of Pathology, University Hospital Merkur, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Kuna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Ljiljana Serman
- Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia,Centre of Excellence in Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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35
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Ormenezi I, Ribeiro-Silva A, Rosa-E-Silva JC, Meola J, Candido-Dos-Reis FJ, Poli-Neto OB. Immunohistochemical expression of Drosha is reduced in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12375. [PMID: 36515351 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of Dicer, Drosha, and Exportin-5 in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis. Twenty-two paired ectopic and eutopic endometrium from women with adenomyosis and 10 eutopic endometrium samples from control women undergoing hysterectomy were included in the study. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were cut and stained for immunohistochemistry. The percentage of epithelial cells positively marked was identified digitally after an automated slide scanning process. Mann-Whitney test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed for independent and paired groups, respectively. A lower expression of Drosha was observed in the eutopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis than in the eutopic endometrium of women without the disease (69.9±3.4% vs 85.2±2.9%, respectively) (P=0.016; 95%CI: 3.4 to 27.4%). We also detected lower Drosha expression in the ectopic endometrium of women with adenomyosis than in the eutopic endometrium of the same women (59.6±3.2% vs 69.9±3.4%, respectively) (P=0.004; 95%CI: 2.3 to 16.7%). Additionally, we observed a correlation between Drosha expression in the ectopic and paired eutopic endometrium (P=0.034, rho=0.454). No significant difference in Dicer or Exportin expression was observed. Predominant pattern of cytoplasmic staining for the anti-Drosha antibody and both a nuclear and cytoplasmic pattern for the anti-Exportin antibody were observed. Drosha expression was significantly lower in the endometrium of women with adenomyosis compared to the eutopic endometrium of asymptomatic women without the disease. Furthermore, its expression was lower in the ectopic endometrium but correlated to the paired eutopic endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ormenezi
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A Ribeiro-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J C Rosa-E-Silva
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J Meola
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - F J Candido-Dos-Reis
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - O B Poli-Neto
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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36
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Kim J, Rustam S, Mosquera JM, Randell SH, Shaykhiev R, Rendeiro AF, Elemento O. Unsupervised discovery of tissue architecture in multiplexed imaging. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1653-1661. [PMID: 36316562 PMCID: PMC11102857 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed imaging and spatial transcriptomics enable highly resolved spatial characterization of cellular phenotypes, but still largely depend on laborious manual annotation to understand higher-order patterns of tissue organization. As a result, higher-order patterns of tissue organization are poorly understood and not systematically connected to disease pathology or clinical outcomes. To address this gap, we developed an approach called UTAG to identify and quantify microanatomical tissue structures in multiplexed images without human intervention. Our method combines information on cellular phenotypes with the physical proximity of cells to accurately identify organ-specific microanatomical domains in healthy and diseased tissue. We apply our method to various types of images across healthy and disease states to show that it can consistently detect higher-level architectures in human tissues, quantify structural differences between healthy and diseased tissue, and reveal tissue organization patterns at the organ scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbum Kim
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samir Rustam
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - André F Rendeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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37
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Cooper J, Um IH, Arandjelović O, Harrison DJ. Lymphocyte Classification from Hoechst Stained Slides with Deep Learning. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235957. [PMID: 36497439 PMCID: PMC9738034 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry benefit patients by allowing cancer pathologists to identify proteins expressed on the surface of cells. This enables cell classification, better understanding of the tumour microenvironment, and more accurate diagnoses, prognoses, and tailored immunotherapy based on the immune status of individual patients. However, these techniques are expensive. They are time consuming processes which require complex staining and imaging techniques by expert technicians. Hoechst staining is far cheaper and easier to perform, but is not typically used as it binds to DNA rather than to the proteins targeted by immunofluorescence techniques. In this work we show that through the use of deep learning it is possible to identify an immune cell subtype without immunofluorescence. We train a deep convolutional neural network to identify cells expressing the T lymphocyte marker CD3 from Hoechst 33342 stained tissue only. CD3 expressing cells are often used in key prognostic metrics such as assessment of immune cell infiltration, and by identifying them without the need for costly immunofluorescence, we present a promising new approach to cheaper prediction and improvement of patient outcomes. We also show that by using deep learning interpretability techniques, we can gain insight into the previously unknown morphological features which make this possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cooper
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SX, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - In Hwa Um
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Ognjen Arandjelović
- School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SX, UK
| | - David J. Harrison
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, UK
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Cao R, Tang L, Fang M, Zhong L, Wang S, Gong L, Li J, Dong D, Tian J. Artificial intelligence in gastric cancer: applications and challenges. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac064. [PMID: 36457374 PMCID: PMC9707405 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with high mortality. Accurate diagnosis and treatment decisions for GC rely heavily on human experts' careful judgments on medical images. However, the improvement of the accuracy is hindered by imaging conditions, limited experience, objective criteria, and inter-observer discrepancies. Recently, the developments of machine learning, especially deep-learning algorithms, have been facilitating computers to extract more information from data automatically. Researchers are exploring the far-reaching applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in various clinical practices, including GC. Herein, we aim to provide a broad framework to summarize current research on AI in GC. In the screening of GC, AI can identify precancerous diseases and assist in early cancer detection with endoscopic examination and pathological confirmation. In the diagnosis of GC, AI can support tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging and subtype classification. For treatment decisions, AI can help with surgical margin determination and prognosis prediction. Meanwhile, current approaches are challenged by data scarcity and poor interpretability. To tackle these problems, more regulated data, unified processing procedures, and advanced algorithms are urgently needed to build more accurate and robust AI models for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mengjie Fang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lianzhen Zhong
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Siwen Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, the State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Gong
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering School, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jiazheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Radiology Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Di Dong
- Corresponding authors. Di Dong, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. Tel: +86-13811833760; ; Jie Tian, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China. Tel: +86-10-82618465;
| | - Jie Tian
- Corresponding authors. Di Dong, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. Tel: +86-13811833760; ; Jie Tian, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, P. R. China. Tel: +86-10-82618465;
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McDonald SJ, VanderVeen BN, Bullard BM, Cardaci TD, Madero SS, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Murphy EA. Surgical wounding enhances pro-tumor macrophage responses and accelerates tumor growth and lung metastasis in a triple negative breast cancer mouse model. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15497. [PMID: 36325601 PMCID: PMC9630756 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-third of all breast cancer mortality results from metastatic recurrence after initial success of surgery and/or therapy. Although primary tumor removal is widely accepted as beneficial, it has long been suspected that surgery itself contributes to accelerated metastatic recurrence. We investigated surgical wounding's impact on tumor progression and lung metastasis in a murine model of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Ten-week-old female mice were inoculated with 4 T1 cells (week 0) and were either subjected to a 2 cm long cutaneous contralateral incision (wounded) or control (non-wounded) on week 2 and monitored for 3 weeks (week 5). Mice with surgical wounding displayed significantly accelerated tumor growth observable as early as 1-week post wounding. This was confirmed by increased tumor volume and tumor weight, post-mortem. Further, surgical wounding increased metastasis to the lungs, as detected by IVIS imaging, in vivo and ex vivo (week 5). As expected then, wounded mice displayed decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation in both the primary tumor and in the lungs. Flow cytometry revealed that primary tumors from wounded mice exhibited increased tumor associated macrophages and specifically M2-like macrophages, which are important in promoting tumor development, maintenance, and metastasis. Immunofluorescence staining and gene expression data further confirms an increase in macrophages in both the primary tumor and the lungs of wounded mice. Our data suggests that surgical wounding accelerates tumor progression and lung metastasis in a mouse model of TNBC, which is likely mediated, at least in part by an increase in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J. McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- AcePre, LLCColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Brooke M. Bullard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas D. Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sarah S. Madero
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Daping Fan
- AcePre, LLCColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of South Carolina School of MedicineColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
- AcePre, LLCColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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McDonald SJ, Cranford TL, VanderVeen BN, Cardaci TD, Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Chatzistamou I, Fan D, Murphy EA. miR155 deficiency reduces breast tumor burden in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:433-442. [PMID: 36121133 PMCID: PMC9602813 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00057.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA155 (miR155) has emerged as an important regulator of breast cancer (BrCa) development. Studies have consistently noted an increase in miR155 levels in serum and/or tissues in patients with BrCa. However, what is less clear is whether this increase in miR155 is a reflection of oncogenic or tumor suppressive properties. To study the effects of miR155 in a transgenic model of BrCA, we developed an MMTV-PyMT mouse deficient in miR155 (miR155-/- PyMT). miR155-/- mice (n = 11) exhibited reduced tumor number and volume palpations at ∼14-18 wk of age compared with miR155 sufficient littermates (n = 12). At 19 wk, mammary glands were excised from tumors for RT-PCR, and tumors were counted, measured, and weighed. miR155-/- PyMT mice exhibited reduced tumor volume, number, and weight, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis. There was an increase in apoptosis with miR155 deficiency and a decrease in proliferation. As expected, miR155 deficiency resulted in upregulated gene expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (Socs1)-its direct target. There was a reduction in gene expression of macrophage markers (CD68, Adgre1, Itgax, Mrc1) with miR-155-/- and this was confirmed with immunofluorescence staining for F4/80. miR155-/- increased expression of M1 macrophage marker Nos2 and reduced expression of M2 macrophage markers IL-10, IL-4, Arg1, and MMP9. Overall, miR155 deficiency reduced BrCA and improved the tumor microenvironment through the reduction of genes associated with protumorigenic processes. However, given the inconsistencies in the literature, additional studies are needed before any attempts are made to harness miR155 as a potential oncogenic or tumor suppressive miRNA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To examine the effects of miR155 in a transgenic model of breast cancer, we developed an MMTV-PyMT mouse-deficient in miR155. We demonstrate that global loss of miR155 resulted in blunted tumor growth through modulating the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, miR155-deficient mice had smaller and less invasive tumors, an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation, a reduction in tumor-associated macrophages, and the expression of genes associated with protumoral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra J McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Taryn L Cranford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- Precision Medicine Initiatives, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Thomas D Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, South Carolina
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Gautam SK, Dalal V, Sajja BR, Gupta S, Gulati M, Dwivedi NV, Aithal A, Cox JL, Rachagani S, Liu Y, Chung V, Salgia R, Batra SK, Jain M. Endothelin-axis antagonism enhances tumor perfusion in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215801. [PMID: 35732216 PMCID: PMC10198578 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic agents in pancreatic cancer (PC) is impaired due to its hypovascular and desmoplastic tumor microenvironment. The Endothelin (ET)-axis is the major regulator of vasomotor tone under physiological conditions and is highly upregulated in multiple cancers. We investigated the effect of dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on perfusion and macromolecular transport in a PC cell-fibroblast co-implantation tumor model using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI). Following bosentan treatment, the contrast enhancement ratio and wash-in rates in tumors were two- and nine times higher, respectively, compared to the controls, whereas the time to peak was significantly shorter (7.29 ± 1.29 min v/s 22.08 ± 5.88 min; p = 0.04). Importantly, these effects were tumor selective as the magnitudes of change for these parameters were much lower in muscles. Bosentan treatment also reduced desmoplasia and improved intratumoral distribution of high molecular weight FITC-dextran. Overall, these findings support that targeting the ET-axis can serve as a potential strategy to selectively enhance tumor perfusion and improve the delivery of therapeutic agents in pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Vipin Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Balasrinivasa R Sajja
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Suprit Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nidhi V Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jesse L Cox
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Vincent Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Quinino RME, Barbosa ALC, de Araújo Barros Xavier M, de Lima França R, de Freitas MPC, Goldenberg A. Analysis of the Immunohistochemical Expression of Ghrelin in the Gastric Mucosa and Correlation with Weight Loss After Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2022; 32:3687-3695. [PMID: 36151347 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleeve gastrectomy is one of the main techniques used to treat severe obesity. The study of the immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in the gastric mucosa has already been related to weight loss and can be a promising method to predict the surgical outcome. PURPOSE To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in the gastric mucosa and its correlation with weight loss, comorbidities, and inflammatory changes after sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS Thirty-five patients submitted to sleeve gastrectomy were evaluated, 29 of whom were female (82.9%), with a mean age of 35.2 years and an average body mass index of 38.1 kg/m2. Endoscopic samples of the mucosa were collected, whose ghrelin expression was evaluated in a semi-quantitative way through the stained antibody area. These data were correlated with weight loss at 3, 6, and 12 months and with the control of comorbidities, and inflammatory alterations. RESULTS The average total weight loss (TWL%) was 17.7, 26.4, and 32.1%, respectively, at 3, 6, and 12 months. A negative correlation was found between the immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in the endoscopic biopsy of the fundus and weight loss at 3 (s = - 0.536; p = 0.001) and 6 months (s = - 0.339; p = 0.047). CONCLUSION The immunohistochemical expression of ghrelin in the mucosa of the gastric fundus was negatively correlated with early weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Martins E Quinino
- Department of Integrated Medicine at the Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Rua Raimundo Chaves 1652, Casa i 13 Natal, Candelária, RN, 59064-390, Brazil. .,Department of Digestive System Surgery at Hospital, Universitário Onofre Lopes, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 Natal, Petrópolis, RN, 59012-300, Brazil.
| | - André Luis Costa Barbosa
- Surgery Service for Obesity and Associated Diseases at Hospital, Universitário Onofre Lopes, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 Natal, Petrópolis, RN, 59012-300, Brazil
| | | | - Romero de Lima França
- Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Av. Nilo Peçanha, 620 Natal, Petrópolis, RN, 59012-300, Brazil
| | | | - Alberto Goldenberg
- Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 715 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil
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Amer SA, Abdel-Wareth AAA, Gouda A, Saleh GK, Nassar AH, Sherief WRIA, Albogami S, Shalaby SI, Abdelazim AM, Abomughaid MM. Impact of Dietary Lavender Essential Oil on the Growth and Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Muscles, Antioxidant Activity, and Inflammatory Responses in Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091798. [PMID: 36139872 PMCID: PMC9495784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary addition of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia L.) (LEO) on the growth performance, tissue histoarchitecture, and fatty acid profile in breast muscles, as well as blood biochemistry and immune expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of broiler chickens. A total of 200 three-day-old broiler chickens (average body weight 101.3 ± 0.24 g) were assigned to a completely randomized design consisting of four dietary treatments (n = 50 per treatment, each replicate consisting of 10 birds) that included lavender essential oil at concentrations of 0 (control group), 200, 400, and 600 mg Kg−1 diet. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results revealed that supplementation of lavender essential oil at 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg in broiler diets had no effect (p > 0.05) on the growth performance throughout the experimental periods (3−10, 11−23, and 24−35 days of age). According to the broken line regression model, the optimal level for dietary LEO addition was the 460 mg kg−1 diet based on the total body weight gain and feed conversion ratio results. The diets supplemented with lavender essential oil had no effect (p > 0.05) on the percentages of carcass yield or internal organs. Dietary addition of LEO significantly increased the percentages of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA (n-3), omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6), and the n-3/n-6 ratio (p < 0.05) in the breast muscles of chickens in a level-dependent manner. The blood concentration of alanine aminotransferase was significantly increased in lavender essential oil at 600 mg kg−1 compared with other treatments. The dietary addition of LEO at 200, 400, and 600 mg kg−1 significantly reduced the malondialdehyde level. Still, they significantly increased the serum enzyme activities of total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukine-1 beta and interferon γ) compared with the unsupplemented group. The LEO-supplemented groups showed normal liver histomorphology as in the control group. However, the immunoexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β was significantly increased by increasing the level of LEO. It can be concluded that lavender essential oil can be included in broiler chicken diets up to 460 mg kg −1 with no positive effect on the bird’s growth. It can improve the antioxidant capacity and enrich the breast muscles with PUFA. An increased level of supplementation (600 mg kg−1) increased the inflammatory responses in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Amer
- Department of Nutrition & Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed A. A. Abdel-Wareth
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gouda
- Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Gehan K. Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), P.O. Box 246, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Arwa H. Nassar
- Food Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) (Mansoura Branch) Agriculture Research Center (ARC), P.O. Box 246, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R. I. A. Sherief
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shimaa I. Shalaby
- Physiology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Aaser M. Abdelazim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Su T, Wang S, Huang S, Cai H, McKinley ET, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Zheng W, Shu XO, Cai Q. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and high-throughput image analysis for evaluation of spatial tumor immune cell markers in human breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:193-206. [PMID: 36093688 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinicopathological significance of spatial tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) subpopulations is not well studied due to lack of high-throughput scalable methodology for studies with large human sample sizes. OBJECTIVE Establishing a cyclic fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC/IF) method coupled with computer-assisted high-throughput quantitative analysis to evaluate associations of six TIL markers (CD3, CD8, CD20, CD56, FOXP3, and PD-L1) with clinicopathological factors of breast cancer. METHODS Our 5-plex mIHC/IF staining was shown to be reliable and highly sensitive for labeling three biomarkers per tissue section. Through repetitive cycles of 5-plex mIHC/IF staining, more than 12 biomarkers could be detected per single tissue section. Using open-source software CellProfiler, the measurement pipelines were successfully developed for high-throughput multiplex evaluation of intratumoral and stromal TILs. RESULTS In analyses of 188 breast cancer samples from the Nashville Breast Health Study, high-grade tumors showed significantly increased intratumoral CD3+CD8+ CTL density (P= 0.0008, false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P= 0.0168) and intratumoral PD-L1 expression (P= 0.0061, FDR adjusted P= 0.0602) compared with low-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS The high- and low-grade breast cancers exhibit differential immune responses which may have clinical significances. The multiplexed imaging quantification strategies established in this study are reliable, cost-efficient and applicable in regular laboratory settings for high-throughput tissue biomarker studies, especially retrospective and population-based studies using archived paraffin tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shuya Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Cell and Development Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Wendo WD, Tangkawattana S, Saichua P, Ta BTT, Candra ARK, Tangkawattana P, Suttiprapa S. Immunolocalization and functional analysis of Opisthorchis viverrini-M60-like-1 metallopeptidase in animal models. Parasitology 2022; 149:1356-1363. [PMID: 35445647 PMCID: PMC11010479 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Host mucins have crucial physical roles in preventing the parasitic establishment and maturation, and also in expelling the invading parasites. However, some parasites utilize mucinase enzymes to facilitate the infection. Recently, we have identified a mucinase enzyme of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, Ov-M60-like-1, which exhibits metallopeptidase activity against bovine submaxillary mucin substrate. Here, we aimed to study the localization of this enzyme in O. viverrini and the bile duct of hamsters using immunohistochemistry and functional analysis by mucin digestion in hamsters and mice tissues. The results showed that Ov-M60-like-1 was detected strongly in the tegument, tegumental cells, vitelline glands and mature eggs with miracidium. Expression in the gut, ovary and testis of the parasite was moderate while parenchyma showed slight colour intensity. In addition, the mucinase was also detected in the host biliary epithelial cells and goblet cells surrounding the worm. The mucinase assay revealed that the Ov-M60-like-1 could digest neutral mucin in the parenchyma, testis and seminal receptacle, but not the mucin in the tegument, tegumental cells and vitelline glands of the worm. The enzyme can also digest mucin in the cholangiocytes and modified the mixture type in the bile duct goblet cells of the infected hamsters, a susceptible host. In contrast, the enzyme was unable to digest neutral, acid and mixture mucin in the bile duct of the mice, a non-susceptible host. These findings indicate that Ov-M60-like-1 may have functions in both housekeeping tasks and host–parasite interactions, especially in modification of host susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woro D. Wendo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sirikachorn Tangkawattana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasert Saichua
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Binh T. T. Ta
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Agatha R. K. Candra
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Sutas Suttiprapa
- Tropical Disease Research Center, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Tropical Medicine Graduate Program, Academic Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Mokhtar DM, Sayed RKA, Zaccone G, Albano M, Hussein MT. Ependymal and Neural Stem Cells of Adult Molly Fish ( Poecilia sphenops, Valenciennes, 1846) Brain: Histomorphometry, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Studies. Cells 2022; 11:2659. [PMID: 36078068 PMCID: PMC9455025 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted on 16 adult specimens of molly fish (Poecilia sphenops) to investigate ependymal cells (ECs) and their role in neurogenesis using ultrastructural examination and immunohistochemistry. The ECs lined the ventral and lateral surfaces of the optic ventricle and their processes extended through the tectal laminae and ended at the surface of the tectum as a subpial end-foot. Two cell types of ECs were identified: cuboidal non-ciliated (5.68 ± 0.84/100 μm2) and columnar ciliated (EC3.22 ± 0.71/100 μm2). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed two types of GFAP immunoreactive cells: ECs and astrocytes. The ECs showed the expression of IL-1β, APG5, and Nfr2. Moreover, ECs showed immunostaining for myostatin, S100, and SOX9 in their cytoplasmic processes. The proliferative activity of the neighboring stem cells was also distinct. The most interesting finding in this study was the glia-neuron interaction, where the processes of ECs met the progenitor neuronal cells in the ependymal area of the ventricular wall. These cells showed bundles of intermediate filaments in their processes and basal poles and were connected by desmosomes, followed by gap junctions. Many membrane-bounded vesicles could be demonstrated on the surface of the ciliated ECs that contained neurosecretion. The abluminal and lateral cell surfaces of ECs showed pinocytotic activities with many coated vesicles, while their apical cytoplasm contained centrioles. The occurrence of stem cells in close position to the ECs, and the presence of bundles of generating axons in direct contact with these stem cells indicate the role of ECs in neurogenesis. The TEM results revealed the presence of neural stem cells in a close position to the ECs, in addition to the presence of bundles of generating axons in direct contact with these stem cells. The present study indicates the role of ECs in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa M. Mokhtar
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ramy K. A. Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Manal T. Hussein
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Mofed D, Sabet S, Baiomy AA, Salem TZ. The Transgene Expression of the Immature Form of the HCV Core Protein (C191) and the LncRNA MEG3 Increases Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3632-3647. [PMID: 36005145 PMCID: PMC9406719 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulated in cancer cells, including lncRNA MEG3, which is downregulated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). In addition, hepatitis C virus (HCV) core proteins are known to dysregulate important cellular pathways that are linked to HCC development. In this study, we were interested in evaluating the overexpression of lncRNA MEG3, either alone or in combination with two forms of HCV core protein (C173 and C191) in HepG2 cells. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Transcripts' levels of key genes known to be regulated in HCC, such as p53, DNMT1, miRNA152, TGF-b, and BCL-2, were measured by qRT-PCR. Protein expression levels of caspase-3 and MKI67 were determined by immunocytochemistry and apoptosis assays. The co-expression of lncRNA MEG3 and C191 resulted in a marked increase and accumulation of dead cells and a reduction in cell viability. In addition, a marked increase in the expression of tumor suppressor genes (p53 and miRNA152), as well as a marked decrease in the expression of oncogenes (DNMT1, BCL2, and TGF-b), were detected. Moreover, apoptosis assay results revealed a significant increase in total apoptosis (early and late). Finally, immunocytochemistry results detected a significant increase in apoptotic marker caspase-3 and a decrease in tumor marker MKI67. In this study, transgene expression of C191 and lncRNA MEG3 showed induction in apoptosis in HepG2 cells greater than the expression of each one alone. These results suggest potential anticancer characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mofed
- Molecular Biology and Virology Lab, Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Zoology Graduate Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Salwa Sabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Baiomy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Tamer Z. Salem
- Molecular Biology and Virology Lab, Biomedical Sciences Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERl), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
- National Biotechnology Network of Expertise (NBNE), Academy of Science Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo 11334, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1014114122
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Orsulic S, John J, Walts AE, Gertych A. Computational pathology in ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:924945. [PMID: 35965569 PMCID: PMC9372445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.924945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathologic evaluations of tissue sections are key to diagnosing and managing ovarian cancer. Pathologists empirically assess and integrate visual information, such as cellular density, nuclear atypia, mitotic figures, architectural growth patterns, and higher-order patterns, to determine the tumor type and grade, which guides oncologists in selecting appropriate treatment options. Latent data embedded in pathology slides can be extracted using computational imaging. Computers can analyze digital slide images to simultaneously quantify thousands of features, some of which are visible with a manual microscope, such as nuclear size and shape, while others, such as entropy, eccentricity, and fractal dimensions, are quantitatively beyond the grasp of the human mind. Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools to interpret digital image data provide new opportunities to explore and quantify the spatial organization of tissues, cells, and subcellular structures. In comparison to genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic patterns, morphologic and spatial patterns are expected to be more informative as quantitative biomarkers of complex and dynamic tumor biology. As computational pathology is not limited to visual data, nuanced subvisual alterations that occur in the seemingly “normal” pre-cancer microenvironment could facilitate research in early cancer detection and prevention. Currently, efforts to maximize the utility of computational pathology are focused on integrating image data with other -omics platforms that lack spatial information, thereby providing a new way to relate the molecular, spatial, and microenvironmental characteristics of cancer. Despite a dire need for improvements in ovarian cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment, the ovarian cancer field has lagged behind other cancers in the application of computational pathology. The intent of this review is to encourage ovarian cancer research teams to apply existing and/or develop additional tools in computational pathology for ovarian cancer and actively contribute to advancing this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Orsulic
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sandra Orsulic,
| | - Joshi John
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ann E. Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
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Idoate Gastearena MA, López-Janeiro Á, Lecumberri Aznarez A, Arana-Iñiguez I, Guillén-Grima F. A Quantitative Digital Analysis of Tissue Immune Components Reveals an Immunosuppressive and Anergic Immune Response with Relevant Prognostic Significance in Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071753. [PMID: 35885058 PMCID: PMC9313250 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Immunostimulatory therapies using immune checkpoint blockers show clinical activity in a subset of glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Several inhibitory mechanisms play a relevant role in the immune response to GBM. With the objective of analyzing the tumor immune microenvironment and its clinical significance, we quantified several relevant immune biomarkers. Design: We studied 76 primary (non-recurrent) GBMs with sufficient clinical follow-up, including a subgroup of patients treated with a dendritic cell vaccine. The IDH-mutation, EGFR-amplification, and MGMT methylation statuses were determined. Several relevant immune biomarkers, including CD163, CD8, PD1, and PDL1, were quantified in representative selected areas by digital image analysis and semiquantitative evaluation. The percentage of each immune expression was calculated with respect to the total number of tumor cells. Results: All GBMs were wild-type IDH, with a subgroup of classical GBMs according to the EGFR amplification (44%). Morphologically, CD163 immunostained microglia and intratumor clusters of macrophages were observed. A significant direct correlation was found between the expression of CD8 and the mechanisms of lymphocyte immunosuppression, in such a way that higher values of CD8 were directly associated with higher values of CD163 (p < 0.001), PDL1 (0.026), and PD1 (0.007). In a multivariate analysis, high expressions of CD8+ (HR = 2.05, 95%CI (1.02−4.13), p = 0.034) and CD163+ cells (HR 2.50, 95%CI (1.29−4.85), p = 0.007), were associated with shorter survival durations. The expression of immune biomarkers was higher in the non-classical (non-EGFR amplified tumors) GBMs. Other relevant prognostic factors were age, receipt of the dendritic cell vaccine, and MGMT methylation status. Conclusions: In accordance with the inverse correlation between CD8 and survival and the direct correlation between effector cells and CD163 macrophages and immune-checkpoint expression, we postulate that CD8 infiltration could be placed in a state of anergy or lymphocytic inefficient activity. Furthermore, the significant inverse correlation between CD163 tissue concentration and survival explains the relevance of this type of immune cell when creating a strong immunosuppressive environment. This information may potentially be used to support the selection of patients for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Idoate Gastearena
- Pathology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.L.-J.); (A.L.A.); (I.A.-I.)
- Pathology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-660460714
| | - Álvaro López-Janeiro
- Pathology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.L.-J.); (A.L.A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Arturo Lecumberri Aznarez
- Pathology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.L.-J.); (A.L.A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Iñigo Arana-Iñiguez
- Pathology Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra and School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (Á.L.-J.); (A.L.A.); (I.A.-I.)
| | - Francisco Guillén-Grima
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
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50
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Fukumoto J, Lin M, Banday MM, Patil SS, Krishnamurthy S, Breitzig M, Soundararajan R, Galam L, Narala VR, Johns C, Patel K, Dunning J, Lockey RF, Sharma NS, Kolliputi N. Aberrant Expression of ACO1 in Vasculatures Parallels Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890380. [PMID: 35910393 PMCID: PMC9335372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. However, details about the non-mitochondrial enzymes that sustain the proliferative nature of IPF are unclear. Aconitases are a family of enzymes that sustain metabolism inside and outside mitochondria. It is hypothesized that aconitase 1 (ACO1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IPF given that ACO1 represents an important metabolic hub in the cytoplasm. Objectives: To determine if ACO1 expression in IPF lungs shows specific patterns that may be important in the pathogenesis of IPF. To determine the similarities and differences in ACO1 expression in IPF, bleomycin-treated, and aging lungs. Methods: ACO1 expression in IPF lungs were characterized and compared to non-IPF controls by western blotting, immunostaining, and enzymatic activity assay. ACO1-expressing cell types were identified by multicolor immunostaining. Using similar methods, the expression profiles of ACO1 in IPF lungs versus bleomycin-treated and aged mice were investigated. Measurements and main results: Lower lobes of IPF lungs, unlike non-IPF controls, exhibit significantly high levels of ACO1. Most of the signals colocalize with von Willebrand factor (vWF), a lineage marker for vascular endothelial cells. Bleomycin-treated lungs also show high ACO1 expressions. However, most of the signals colocalize with E-cadherin and/or prosurfactant protein C, representative epithelial cell markers, in remodeled areas. Conclusions: A characteristic ACO1 expression profile observed in IPF vasculatures may be a promising diagnostic target. It also may give clues as to how de novo angiogenesis contributes to the irreversible nature of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutaro Fukumoto
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Muling Lin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mudassir Meraj Banday
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sahebgowda Sidramagowda Patil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Sudarshan Krishnamurthy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mason Breitzig
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ramani Soundararajan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lakshmi Galam
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Venkata Ramireddy Narala
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Colleen Johns
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kapilkumar Patel
- Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Advanced Lung Diseases & Lung Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John Dunning
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard F. Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nirmal S. Sharma
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Nirmal S. Sharma, ; Narasaiah Kolliputi,
| | - Narasaiah Kolliputi
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nirmal S. Sharma, ; Narasaiah Kolliputi,
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