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Cai J, Zhan Y, Huang K, Han S, Lin Z, Chen R, Luo Q, Li Z, Chen B, Li S. Integration of network pharmacology and proteomics analysis to identify key target pathways of Ginsenoside Re for myocardial ischemia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155728. [PMID: 38853122 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically, various diseases cause myocardial ischemia (MI), which further induces severe cardiac injury and leads to high mortality in patients. Ginsenoside Re, one of the major ginsenosides in ginseng, can regulate the level of oxidative stress in the injured myocardium. Thus, it may attenuate MI injury, but the related mechanism has not been comprehensively studied. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-MI effect and comprehensively mechanisms of Ginsenoside Re. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), oxidative-induced cardiomyocyte injury, and isoproterenol-induced MI mice were used to explore their protective effect of Ginsenoside Re. An integrated approach of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and tandem mass tag proteomics was applied to determine the corresponding common potential targets of Ginsenoside Re against MI, such as target proteins and related pathways. The major anti-MI target proteins and related pathways were validated by immunofluorescence (IF) assay and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS Ginsenoside Re (1.32-168.93 µM) had low toxicity to normal cardiomyocytes, and increased the survival of oxidative stress-injured (OGD-induced injury or H2O2-induced injury) cardiomyocytes in this concentration range. It regulated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in OGD-injured cardiomyocytes; stabilized the nuclear morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and mitochondrial function; and reduced apoptosis. Meanwhile, Ginsenoside Re (5-20 mg/kg) alleviated cardiac injury in MI mice and maintained cardiac function. Through network pharmacology and proteomics, the relevant mechanisms revealed several key pathways of Ginsenoside Re anti-MI, including inhibition of MAPK pathway protein phosphorylation, downregulation of phosphorylated PDPK1, AKT, and STAT3, and upregulation of TGF-β3, ferroptosis pathway (upregulation of GPX4 and downregulation of phosphorylation level of MDM2) and AMPK pathway (regulating the synthesis of cholesterol in the myocardium by downregulation of HMGCR). The key proteins of these target pathways were validated by IF and/or WB. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Re may target MAPK, AKT, ferroptosis pathways and AMPK pathway to prevent and/or treat MI injury and protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasong Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuying Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Kunlong Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shengnan Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ruichan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Qiu Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Center of Chemistry Experiment, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Guo W, Xu X, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Shen P, Lu X, Fan X. Salvianolic acid C attenuates cerebral ischemic injury through inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway. Chin Med 2024; 19:46. [PMID: 38468280 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability with ischemic stroke being the most common type of stroke. Salvianolic acid C (SalC), a polyphenolic compound found in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has demonstrated therapeutic potential in the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. However, its pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms during the early stages of ischemic stroke remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the potential mechanism of action of SalC during the early phase of ischemic stroke using network pharmacology strategies and RNA sequencing analysis. METHODS SalC effects on infarct volume, neurological deficits, and histopathological changes were assessed in a mouse model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). By integrating RNA sequencing data with a cerebral vascular disease (CVD)-related gene database, a cerebral ischemic disease (CID) network containing dysregulated genes from the tMCAO model was constructed. Network analysis algorithms were applied to evaluate the key nodes within the CID network. In vivo and in vitro validation of crucial targets within the identified pathways was conducted. RESULTS SalC treatment significantly reduced infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and reversed pathological changes in the tMCAO mouse model. The integration of RNA sequencing data revealed an 80% gene reversion rate induced by SalC within the CID network. Among the reverted genes, 53.1% exhibited reversion rates exceeding 50%, emphasizing the comprehensive rebalancing effect of SalC within the CID network. Neuroinflammatory-related pathways regulated by SalC, including the toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4)- triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, were identified. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway was down-regulated by SalC in microglia, which was essential for its anti-inflammatory effect on ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS SalC attenuated cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation mediated by microglia, primarily through the TLR4-TREM1-NF-κB pathway. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential therapeutic benefits of SalC in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulin Xiao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiatian Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peiqiang Shen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China.
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, 321999, Zhejiang, China.
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Li X, Liu Z, Liao J, Chen Q, Lu X, Fan X. Network pharmacology approaches for research of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:323-332. [PMID: 37245871 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacodynamics material basis and effective mechanisms are the two main issues to decipher the mechnisms of action of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of diseases. TCMs, in "multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway" paradigm, show satisfactory clinical results in complex diseases. New ideas and methods are urgently needed to explain the complex interactions between TCMs and diseases. Network pharmacology (NP) provides a novel paradigm to uncover and visualize the underlying interaction networks of TCMs against multifactorial diseases. The development and application of NP has promoted the safety, efficacy, and mechanism investigations of TCMs, which then reinforces the credibility and popularity of TCMs. The current organ-centricity of medicine and the "one disease-one target-one drug" dogma obstruct the understanding of complex diseases and the development of effective drugs. Therefore, more attentions should be paid to shift from "phenotype and symptom" to "endotype and cause" in understanding and redefining current diseases. In the past two decades, with the advent of advanced and intelligent technologies (such as metabolomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, single-cell omics, and artificial intelligence), NP has been improved and deeply implemented, and presented its great value and potential as the next drug-discovery paradigm. NP is developed to cure causal mechanisms instead of treating symptoms. This review briefly summarizes the recent research progress on NP application in TCMs for efficacy research, mechanism elucidation, target prediction, safety evaluation, drug repurposing, and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China; Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Department of Chinese Medicine Science & Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Future Health Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China.
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Tsai YC, Lin MK, Peng WH, Tseng CK, Lee MS, Yang BC, Chang WT. Comparison of the Immunomodulatory Effect of TCM Formulas Containing Either Astragali Radix or With This Replaced by Hedysari Radix. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221142797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedysari Radix (Hong Qi) is a commonly substituted material with similar functions to Astragali Radix (Huang Qi). However, it is still misused as Huang Qi, even though people know they are different species. This study aims to find evidence that Hong Qi can replace Huang Qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas used for immunomodulation. Therefore, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of both medicines on dendritic cells. The water extract of Hong Qi showed a more substantial immunomodulatory effect on dendritic cells in 500 μg/mL concentration compared to Huang Qi in the same dosage. Furthermore, we selected the 23 TCM formulas to investigate their immunomodulatory function when Huang Qi and Hong Qi alternated within a formula. Among them, 6 formulas containing Hong Qi demonstrated a better immunomodulatory effect on the dendritic cells than those containing Huang Qi. The other formulas containing Hong Qi showed an insignificantly different physiological impact from the original formulation. Therefore, based on the TCM theory and our experimental results, replacing Huang Qi with Hong Qi for a formula could be more suitable when the immunomodulatory effect or nourishing Qi is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kuem Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Huang Peng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kai Tseng
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shiou Lee
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Shen P, Jia Y, Shi S, Sun J, Han X. Analytical and biomedical applications of microfluidics in traditional Chinese medicine research. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yang HY, Liu ML, Luo P, Yao XS, Zhou H. Network pharmacology provides a systematic approach to understanding the treatment of ischemic heart diseases with traditional Chinese medicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154268. [PMID: 35777118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of network pharmacology showed significant development. The concept of network pharmacology has many similarities to the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), making it suitable to understand the action mechanisms of TCM in treating complex diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases (IHDs). PURPOSE This review summarizes the representative applications of network pharmacology in deciphering the mechanism underlying the treatment of IHDs with TCM. METHODS In this report, we used "ischemic heart disease" OR "coronary heart disease" OR "coronary artery disease" OR "myocardial ischemia" AND ("network pharmacology" OR "systematic pharmacology") as keywords to search for publications from PubMed, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and then analyzed the representative research reports that summarized and validated the active components and targets network of TCM in improving IHDs to show the advantages and deficiencies of network pharmacology applied in TCM research. RESULTS The network pharmacology research indicated that HGF, PGF, MMP3, INSR, PI3K, MAPK1, SRC, VEGF, VEGFR-1, NO, eNOS, NO3, IL-6, TNF-α, and more are the main targets of TCM. Apigenin, 25S-macrostemonoside P, ginsenosides Re, Rb3, Rg3, SheXiang XinTongNing, colchicine, dried ginger-aconite decoction, Suxiao Xintong dropping pills, Ginseng-Danshen drug pair and Shenlian and more are the active ingredients, extracts, and formulations of TCM to ameliorate IHDs. These active compounds, extract, and formulations of TCM treat IHDs by delaying ventricular remodeling, reducing myocardial fibrosis, decreasing reactive oxygen species, regulating myocardial energy metabolism, ameliorating inflammation, mitigating apoptosis, and many other aspects. CONCLUSIONS The network pharmacology supplies a novel research exemplification for understanding the treatment of IHDs with TCM. However, the application of network pharmacology in TCM studies is still at a superficial level. By rational combining artificial intelligence technology and network pharmacology, molecular biology, metabolomics, and other advanced theories and technologies, and systematically studying the metabolic process and the network among products, targets, and pathways of TCM from the clinical perspective may be a potential development trend in network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Yi Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China
| | - Men-Lan Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital (T.C.M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, P R China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P R China; Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, P R China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P R China.
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Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang W, He S, Zhang Y, Orgah J, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Synergy of "Yiqi" and "Huoxue" components of QishenYiqi formula in ischemic stroke protection via lysosomal/inflammatory mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115301. [PMID: 35436536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Currently, approved therapies of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are limited only to selected patients with rescuable brain tissue. Chinese medicine that benefits Qi (Yiqi, YQ) and activates blood (Huoxue, HX) is widely used in the clinic for treating stroke, but their mechanisms are not well understood yet. We have previously reported that QishenYiqi (QSYQ) formula exerts cerebral protective effect and promotes post-stroke recovery. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to explore the chemical basis and molecular mechanism of anti-stroke therapy of QSYQ and its YQ and HX components further. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum pharmacochemistry was performed to identify the bioactive constituents in QSYQ for cerebral protection. The survival rate, mNSS test, open field test, gait analysis, cerebral infarction volume, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity were determined to uncover the synergistic and differential contributions of YQ and HX components in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) model. Bioinformatic mining of QSYQ proteomics data and experimental validation were executed to access the functional mechanism of YQ and HX components. RESULTS Eleven prototype ingredients and six metabolites were successfully identified or tentatively characterized in rat plasma. Therapeutically, YQ and HX components of QSYQ synergistically boosted the survival rate, improved neurological and motor functions, alleviated cerebral infarction as well as protected BBB integrity in CI/RI model in rats. Individually, YQ component contributed more to ameliorating locomotive ability than that of HX component. Mechanistically, HX component played a more prominent role in the modulation of galectin-3 mediated inflammation whereas YQ component regulated lysosomal-autophagy signaling. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies major prototype ingredients and metabolites of QSYQ in plasma which may contribute to its cerebral protection. YQ and HX components of QSYQ differentially and synergistically protect the brain from CI/RI by regulating galectin-3-mediated inflammation and lysosomal-autophagy signaling. These findings demonstrate that a maximal stroke protection by a component-based Chinese medicine could be attributed to the combination of its individual components via different mechanisms. It may shed new light on our understanding of the TCM principle of tonifying Qi and activating blood, particularly in a setting of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, XiHu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Taiping Qiao Street No.27, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co, Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - John Orgah
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, XiHu District, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, JingHai District, Tianjin, 301617, China; Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Song YC, Lee DY, Yeh PY. A Novel Chinese Herbal and Corresponding Chemical Formula for Cancer Treatment by Targeting Tumor Maintenance, Progression, and Metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907826. [PMID: 35721174 PMCID: PMC9204638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized a so-called "heirloom recipe" Chinese herbal formula (temporarily named Formula X) that contains five Chinese medical botanical drugs, Huang-Lian (Coptis chinensis Franch. [Ranunculaceae]), Huang-Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [Lamiaceae]), Bai-Wei (Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C. Morren and Decne. [Apocynaceae]), E-Zhu (Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae]) and Bai-Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae]). Formula X inhibited the growth of various cancer cells and decreased the expression levels of a panel of proteins, including CD133, Myc, PD-L1, and Slug, in cancer cells. We further found that the inhibition of growth and protein expression were exerted by Huang-Lian, Huang-Qin, and Bai-Wei (formula HHB), which exhibited the same biological effects as those of Formula X. Furthermore, we selected three active chemicals, berberine, baicalin, and saponin from Huang-Lian, Huang-Qin, and Bai-Wei, respectively, to produce a chemical formulation (formula BBS), which exhibited similar effects on cell growth and protein expression as those induced by formula HHB. Both the formulae HHB and BBS suppressed tumor growth in an animal study. Moreover, they decreased the protein levels of Myc and PD-L1 in tumor cells in vivo. In summary, we established a novel Chinese herbal formula and a chemical formula that targeted three important processes, tumor maintenance (tumor stem cells), progression, and metastasis, and that influenced the response of tumors to host immunosuppression, for the potentially effective treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chyi Song
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yen Yeh
- TCM division, Jin-Mi company, Taipei, Taiwan
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Song L, Wu Q, Fu X, Wang W, Dai Z, Gu Y, Zhuo Y, Fang S, Zhao W, Wang X, Wang Q, Fang J. In Silico Identification and Mechanism Exploration of Active Ingredients against Stroke from An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) Formula. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5218993. [PMID: 35432729 PMCID: PMC9006076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5218993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW) is a well-known formula for treating cerebrovascular diseases, with roles including clearing away heat, detoxification, and wake-up consciousness. In recent years, AGNHW has been commonly used for the treatment of ischemic stroke, but the mechanism by which AGNHW relieves stroke has not been clearly elucidated. In the current study, we developed a multiple systems pharmacology-based framework to identify the potential antistroke ingredients in AGNHW and explore the underlying mechanisms of action (MOA) of AGNHW against stroke from a holistic perspective. Specifically, we performed a network-based method to identify the potential antistroke ingredients in AGNHW by integrating the drug-target network and stroke-associated genes. Furthermore, the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was used to validate the anti-inflammatory effects of the key ingredients by determining the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The antiapoptotic effects of the key ingredients were also confirmed in vitro. Integrated pathway analysis of AGNHW revealed that it might regulate three biological signaling pathways, including IL-17, TNF, and PI3K-AKT, to play a protective role in stroke. Moreover, 30 key antistroke ingredients in AGNHW were identified via network-based in silico prediction and were confirmed to have known neuroprotective effects. After drug-like property evaluation and pharmacological validation in vitro, scutellarein (SCU) and caprylic acid (CA) were selected for further antistroke investigation. Finally, systems pharmacology-based analysis of CA and SCU indicated that they might exert antistroke effects via the apoptotic signaling pathway and inflammatory response, which was further validated in an in vitro stroke model. Overall, the current study proposes an integrative systems pharmacology approach to identify antistroke ingredients and demonstrate the underlying pharmacological MOA of AGNHW in stroke, which provides an alternative strategy to investigate novel traditional Chinese medicine formulas for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510404, China
| | - Qihui Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Xiaomei Fu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Zhao Dai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Clinical Research Center, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shuhuan Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510404, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
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10
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Zhang S, Liu H, Fang Q, He H, Lu X, Wang Y, Fan X. Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill Protects Against Chronic Heart Failure in Mice via Inhibiting the ERK/MAPK and TGF-β Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:796354. [PMID: 34925046 PMCID: PMC8682969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem with high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill (STDP) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine preparation for coronary heart disease and growing evidence proves that STDP exerts beneficial effects on CHF in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effects of STDP on CHF remains largely unknown. Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of action of STDP against CHF by integrating network pharmacology analysis and whole-transcriptome sequencing. Methods: First, the mouse model of CHF was established by the transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery, and the efficacy of STDP against CHF was evaluated by assessing the alterations in cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with echocardiography, Masson’s trichrome staining, and wheat germ agglutinin staining. Next, a CHF disease network was constructed by integrating cardiovascular disease-related genes and the transcriptome sequencing data, which was used to explore the underlying mechanism of action of STDP. Then, the key targets involved in the effects of STDP on CHF were determined by network analysis algorithms, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed to these key genes. Finally, important targets in critical pathway were verified in vivo. Results: STDP administration obviously improved cardiac function, relieved cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in CHF mice. Moreover, STDP significantly reversed the imbalanced genes that belong to the disease network of CHF in mice with TAC, and the number of genes with the reverse effect was 395. Pathway analysis of the crucial genes with recovery efficiency revealed that pathways related to fibrosis and energy metabolism were highly enriched, while TGF-β pathway and ERK/MAPK pathway were predicted to be significantly affected. Consistently, validation experiments confirmed that inhibiting ERK/MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways via reduction of the phosphorylation level of Smad3 and ERK1/2 is the important mechanism of STDP against CHF. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that STDP can recover the imbalanced CHF network disturbed by the modeling of TAC through the multi-target and multi-pathway manner in mice, and the mechanisms are mainly related to inhibition of ERK/MAPK and TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Inner Mongolia Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Houhong He
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Xu XJ, Long JB, Jin KY, Chen LB, Lu XY, Fan XH. Danshen-Chuanxiongqin Injection attenuates cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR2/ TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Pathway in tMCAO mice. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:772-783. [PMID: 34688467 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Danshen-Chuanxiongqin Injection (DCI) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke in China. However, its underlying mechanisms remain completely understood. The current study was designed to explore the protective mechanisms of DCI against cerebral ischemic stroke through integrating whole-transcriptome sequencing coupled with network pharmacology analysis. First, using a mouse model of cerebral ischemic stroke by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), we found that DCI (4.10 mL·kg-1) significantly alleviated cerebral ischemic infarction, neurological deficits, and the pathological injury of hippocampal and cortical neurons in mice. Next, the whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on brain tissues. The cerebral ischemia disease (CID) network was constructed by integrating transcriptome sequencing data and cerebrovascular disease-related genes. The results showed CID network was imbalanced due to tMCAO, but a recovery regulation was observed after DCI treatment. Pathway analysis of the key genes with recovery efficiency showed that the neuroinflammation signaling pathway was highly enriched, while the TLR2/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway was predicted to be affected. Consistently, the in vivo validation experiments confirmed that DCI exhibited protective effects against cerebral ischemic stroke by inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR2/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway. More interestingly, DCI markedly suppressed the neutrophils infiltrated into the brain parenchyma via the choroid plexus route and showed anti-neuroinflammation effects. In conclusion, our results provide dependable evidence that inhibiting neuroinflammation via the TLR2/TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway is the main mechanism of DCI against cerebral ischemic stroke in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin-Bo Long
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai-Yu Jin
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li-Bing Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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12
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Wu Q, Li D, Sun T, Liu J, Ou H, Zheng L, Hou X, Li W, Fan F. Bai-He-Gu-Jin-Tang formula suppresses lung cancer via AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin and induces autophagy via the AMPK/mTORC1/ULK1 signaling pathway. J Cancer 2021; 12:6576-6587. [PMID: 34659548 PMCID: PMC8489124 DOI: 10.7150/jca.62779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Bai-He-Gu-Jin-Tang (BHGJT) is a classic Chinese formula used to treat lung cancer, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of BHGJT on lung cancer and demonstrate the potential for synergistic treatment combining BHGJT with conventional therapy. Methods: Cell viability assay, colony formation assay and EdU assay were used to determine the in vitro effects of BHGJT, and a subcutaneous xenograft model was used to evaluate the in vivo effect. Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis rate analysis, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining, Western blot assays and network pharmacology-based analysis were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results: We found that BHGJT inhibited cell proliferation via a dose-dependent pathway and obviously hindered tumor growth in vivo in lung cancer. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were pronouncedly induced by BHGJT via dysregulation of the cell cycle regulators CDK4 and Cyclin D1 and dysregulation of apoptosis-associated proteins, such as cleaved caspase 3/9 and the BCL-2 family. Based on a network pharmacology-based analysis and experimental evidence, we demonstrated that the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways were responsible for BHGJT-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Additionally, autophagy was induced by BHGJT via the AMPK/mTORC1/ULK1 signaling pathway, and blocking autophagy with either chloroquine or a ULK1 inhibitor increased the killing efficiency of BHGJT in lung cancer cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the BHGJT formula efficiently inhibits lung cancer growth and represents a potential complementary and alternative treatment for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quhui Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Taoli Sun
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Huiping Ou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuyang Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Fuyuan Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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13
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Zhao C, Wang W, Yan K, Sun H, Han J, Hu Y. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and diabetic complications. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:547-556. [PMID: 34382512 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811153610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in vascular homeostasis is deeply involved in the development of numerous diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetic complications. Changes in blood flow and endothelial permeability caused by vascular dysfunction are the common mechanisms for these three types of diseases. The disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism can result in changes of the energy production patterns in endothelium and surrounding cells which may consequently cause local energy metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) follows the principle of the "treatment by the syndrome differentiation". TCM considers of that coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes complications all as the type of "Qi deficiency and Blood stasis" syndrome, which mainly happens to the vascular system. Therefore, the common pathogenesis of these three types of diseases suggests the treatment strategy by TCM should be in a close manner and named as "treating different diseases by the same treatment". Qishen Yiqi dripping pills is a modern Chinese herbal medicine which has been widely used for treatment of patients with coronary heart disease characterized as "Qi deficiency and blood stasis" in China. Recently, many clinical reports have demonstrated the potent therapeutic effects of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy. Based on these reports, we will summarize the clinical applications of Qishen Yiqi dripping pills on coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and diabetic nephropathy, including the involved mechanisms with basic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Zhao
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - He Sun
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin. China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- GeneNet Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Tianjin. China
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14
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A Core Drug Discovery Framework from Large-Scale Literature for Cold Pathogenic Disease Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9930543. [PMID: 34394900 PMCID: PMC8360722 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9930543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cold pathogenic disease is a widespread disease in traditional Chinese medicine, which includes influenza and respiratory infection associated with high incidence and mortality. Discovering effective core drugs in Chinese medicine prescriptions for treating the disease and reducing patients' symptoms has attracted great interest. In this paper, we explore the core drugs for curing various syndromes of cold pathogenic disease from large-scale literature. We propose a core drug discovery framework incorporating word embedding and community detection algorithms, which contains three parts: disease corpus construction, drug network generation, and core drug discovery. First, disease corpus is established by collecting and preprocessing large-scale literature about the Chinese medicine treatment of cold pathogenic disease from China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Second, we adopt the Chinese word embedding model SSP2VEC for mining the drug implication implied in the literature; then, a drug network is established by the semantic similarity among drugs. Third, the community detection method COPRA based on label propagation is adopted to reveal drug communities and identify core drugs in the drug network. We compute the community size, closeness centrality, and degree distributions of the drug network to analyse the patterns of core drugs. We acquire 4681 literature from China national knowledge infrastructure. Twelve significant drug communities are discovered, in which the top-10 drugs in every drug community are recognized as core drugs with high accuracy, and four classical prescriptions for treating different syndromes of cold pathogenic disease are discovered. The proposed framework can identify effective core drugs for curing cold pathogenic disease, and the research can help doctors to verify the compatibility laws of Chinese medicine prescriptions.
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15
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Wang KX, Gao Y, Gong WX, Ye XF, Fan LY, Wang C, Gao XF, Gao L, Du GH, Qin XM, Lu AP, Guan DG. A Novel Strategy for Decoding and Validating the Combination Principles of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction From Multi-Scale Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:567088. [PMID: 33424585 PMCID: PMC7789881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.567088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas treat complex diseases through combined botanical drugs which follow specific compatibility rules to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency. "Jun, Chen, Zuo and Shi" is one of most used compatibility rules in the combination of botanical drugs. However, due to the deficiency of traditional research methods, the quantified theoretical basis of herbal compatibility including principles of "Jun, Chen, Zuo and Shi" are still unclear. Network pharmacology is a new strategy based on system biology and multi-disciplines, which can systematically and comprehensively observe the intervention of drugs on disease networks, and is especially suitable for the research of TCM in the treatment of complex diseases. In this study, we systematically decoded the "Jun, Chen, Zuo and Shi" rules of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD) in the treatment of diseases for the first time. This interpretation method considered three levels of data. The data in the first level mainly depicts the characteristics of each component in single botanical drug of HJD, include the physical and chemical properties of component, ADME properties and functional enrichment analysis of component targets. The second level data is the characterization of component-target-protein (C-T-P) network in the whole protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, mainly include the characterization of degree and key communities in C-T-P network. The third level data is the characterization of intervention propagation properties of HJD in the treatment of different complex diseases, mainly include target coverage of pathogenic genes and propagation coefficient of intervention effect between target proteins and pathogenic genes. Finally, our method was validated by metabolic data, which could be used to detect the components absorbed into blood. This research shows the scientific basis of "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" from a multi-dimensional perspective, and provides a good methodological reference for the subsequent interpretation of key components and speculation mechanism of the formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Xia Gong
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ye
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liu-Yi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ai-Ping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine and Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dao-Gang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Jin R, Wen C. LILPA: A label importance based label propagation algorithm for community detection with application to core drug discovery. Neurocomputing 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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A Semantic Analysis and Community Detection-Based Artificial Intelligence Model for Core Herb Discovery from the Literature: Taking Chronic Glomerulonephritis Treatment as a Case Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1862168. [PMID: 32952598 PMCID: PMC7481937 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1862168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula is the main treatment method of TCM. A formula often contains multiple herbs where core herbs play a critical therapeutic effect for treating diseases. It is of great significance to find out the core herbs in formulae for providing evidences and references for the clinical application of Chinese herbs and formulae. In this paper, we propose a core herb discovery model CHDSC based on semantic analysis and community detection to discover the core herbs for treating a certain disease from large-scale literature, which includes three stages: corpus construction, herb network establishment, and core herb discovery. In CHDSC, two artificial intelligence modules are used, where the Chinese word embedding algorithm ESSP2VEC is designed to analyse the semantics of herbs in Chinese literature based on the stroke, structure, and pinyin features of Chinese characters, and the label propagation-based algorithm LILPA is adopted to detect herb communities and core herbs in the herbal semantic network constructed from large-scale literature. To validate the proposed model, we choose chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) as an example, search 1126 articles about how to treat CGN in TCM from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and apply CHDSC to analyse the collected literature. Experimental results reveal that CHDSC discovers three major herb communities and eighteen core herbs for treating different CGN syndromes with high accuracy. The community size, degree, and closeness centrality distributions of the herb network are analysed to mine the laws of core herbs. As a result, we can observe that core herbs mainly exist in the communities with more than 25 herbs. The degree and closeness centrality of core herb nodes concentrate on the range of [15, 40] and [0.25, 0.45], respectively. Thus, semantic analysis and community detection are helpful for mining effective core herbs for treating a certain disease from large-scale literature.
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18
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Ziziphora clinopodioides flavonoids based on network pharmacology attenuates atherosclerosis in rats induced by high-fat emulsion combined with vitamin D 3 by down-regulating VEGF/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110399. [PMID: 32768933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphora clinopodioides flavonoids (ZCF) is a major bioactive total flavonoids compound isolated from Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. It has been long used as an anti-atherosclerosis (AS) in clinics. However, anti-AS effects of ZCF have not been fully investigated. The objective of this study is to further investigate the anti-AS activities and mechanisms of ZCF in vivo. The main chemical components, action targets and signal pathways of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam were predicted and analyzed by network pharmacology technology. The main bioactive components of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam were identified using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). In vivo experiments, atherosclerosis in rats induced by high-fat emulsion combined with vitamin D3 and treated with simvastatin (0.45 mg/kg/d), ZCF (6.25, 12.5, 25 g/kg/d) for 7 weeks. We found that ZCF significantly reduced blood lipid levels (TG, TC, and LDL-C), and decreased lipid deposition in the aorta and atherosclerotic lesion size, inhibited mitochondrial mem- brane potential (MMP2/9/12/13) impairment. Meanwhile, ZCF may down-regulated the levels of VEGF, AKT, NF-κB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 proteins, indicating ZCF may play an anti-atherosclerotic role by down-regulating the VEGF/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Results from this study demonstrated that ZCF have an anti-AS ability to lower lipid concentrations and protect endothelial function, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and suggested that ZCF might be a potential therapeutic drug in the prevention of AS.
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Ni M, Liu X, Meng Z, Liu S, Jia S, Liu Y, Zhou W, Wu J, Zhang J, Guo S, Li J, Wang H, Zhang X. A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of javanica oil emulsion injection in non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology methodologies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:174. [PMID: 32503508 PMCID: PMC7275405 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Javanica oil emulsion injection (JOEI) is an effective therapeutic option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Methods In this study, we utilized network pharmacology to systematically investigate the bioactive components and targets of JOEI, identify common targets in NSCLC, and understand and evaluate the underlying mechanism of JOEI in the treatment of NSCLC through expression level, correlation, enrichment, Cox, survival and molecular docking analyses. The results indicated that five compounds of JOEI interact with five pivotal targets (LDLR, FABP4, ABCB1, PTGS2, and SDC4) that might be strongly correlated with the JOEI-mediated treatment of NSCLC. Results The expression level analysis demonstrated that NSCLC tissues exhibit low expression of FABP4, ABCB1, LDLR and PTGS2 and high SDC4 expression. According to the correlation analysis, a decrease in FABP4 expression was strongly correlated with decreases in LDLR and ABCB1, and a decrease in LDLR was strongly correlated with decreased PTGS2 and increased in SDC4 expression. Cox and survival analyses showed that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (p = 0.00388). In the survival analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) showed that the pivotal gene model exhibited the best predictive capacity over 4 years (AUC = 0.613). Moreover, the molecular docking analysis indicated that LDLR, FABP4, ABCB1, PTGS2 and SDC4 exhibit good binding activity with the corresponding compounds. Conclusion In conclusion, this study predicted and verified that the mechanism of JOEI against NSCLC involves multiple targets and signaling pathways. Furthermore, this study provides candidate targets for the treatment of NSCLC, lays a good foundation for further experimental research and promotes the reasonable application of JOEI in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
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20
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Zhou Z, Chen B, Chen S, Lin M, Chen Y, Jin S, Chen W, Zhang Y. Applications of Network Pharmacology in Traditional Chinese Medicine Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:1646905. [PMID: 32148533 PMCID: PMC7042531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1646905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human diseases, especially infectious ones, have been evolving constantly. However, their treatment strategies are not developing quickly. Some diseases are caused by a variety of factors with very complex pathologies, and the use of a single drug cannot solve these problems. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) medication is a unique treatment method in China. TCM formulae contain multiple herbs with multitarget, multichannel, and multilink characteristics. In recent years, with the flourishing development of network pharmacology, a new method for searching therapeutic drugs has emerged. The multitarget action in network pharmacology is consistent with the complex mechanisms of disease and drug action. Using network pharmacology to understand TCM is an emerging trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuchen Zhou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Minqiu Lin
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shan Jin
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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Luo Y, Feng Y, Song L, He GQ, Li S, Bai SS, Huang YJ, Li SY, Almutairi MM, Shi HL, Wang Q, Hong M. A network pharmacology-based study on the anti-hepatoma effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae. Chin Med 2019; 14:27. [PMID: 31406500 PMCID: PMC6685170 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis in various human cancers. However, the anticancer effects of RSM on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying mechanisms of action remain to be fully elucidated. METHODS In this study, we aimed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of RSM in the treatment of HCC using a network pharmacology approach. In vivo and in vitro experiments were also performed to validate the therapeutic effects of RSM on HCC. RESULTS In total, 62 active compounds from RSM and 72 HCC-related targets were identified through network pharmacological analysis. RSM was found to play a critical role in HCC via multiple targets and pathways, especially the EGFR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In addition, RSM was found to suppress HCC cell proliferation, and impair cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that RSM induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis, and western blot analysis showed that RSM up-regulated the expression of BAX and down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 in MHCC97-H and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, RSM administration down-regulated the expression of EGFR, PI3K, and p-AKT proteins, whereas the total AKT level was not altered. Finally, the results of our in vivo experiments confirmed the therapeutic effects of RSM on HCC in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS We provide an integrative network pharmacology approach, in combination with in vitro and in vivo experiments, to illustrate the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of RSM action on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Song
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
| | - Gan-Qing He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 501260 China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sha-Sha Bai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
| | - Yu-Jie Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
| | - Si-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | | | - Hong-Lian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
| | - Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405 China
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Zheng QN, Wei XH, Pan CS, Li Q, Liu YY, Fan JY, Han JY. QiShenYiQi Pills ® ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial fibrosis involving RP S19-mediated TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104272. [PMID: 31085230 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) is a compound Chinese medicine widely used in China for treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, limited data are available regarding the anti-fibrotic role of QSYQ after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to investigate the effect of post-treatment with QSYQ on myocardial fibrosis after I/R-induced myocardium injury, and the role of different compounds of QSYQ, focusing especially on the involvement of chemokine ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) dimer and monocyte migration. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 30 min followed by reperfusion with or without administration of QSYQ (0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 g/kg) once daily by gavage for 6 days. Post-treatment with QSYQ diminished I/R-induced infarct size, alleviated myocardium injury, attenuated myocardial fibrosis after 6 days of reperfusion, and restored heart function and myocardial blood flow after I/R. In addition, the drug significantly inhibited monocyte infiltration and macrophage polarization towards M2, which was attributable to chemokine RP S19 dimer. Moreover, Western blots revealed that QSYQ blocked I/R-induced increase in TGFβ1 and TGFβRⅡ and reversed its relevant gene expression, such as Smad3,4,6,7, and inhibited the increase of MMP 2,9 expression. As the major components of QSYQ, astragaloside IV (AsIV), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl lactic acid (DLA), and notoginsenoside R1 (R1) were assessed as to the contribution of each of them to the expression of the proteins concerned. The results showed that the effect of AsIV was similar to QSYQ, while DLA and R1 only partly simulated the effect of QSYQ. The results provide evidence for the potential role of QSYQ in treating myocardial fibrosis following I/R injury. This effect may be associated with QSYQ's inhibition effect on monocyte chemotaxis and TGFβ1/Smads signaling pathway with different component targeting distinct link (s) of the signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ning Zheng
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wei
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chun-Shui Pan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy, Beijing, 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhang R, Zhu X, Bai H, Ning K. Network Pharmacology Databases for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Review and Assessment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:123. [PMID: 30846939 PMCID: PMC6393382 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The research field of systems biology has greatly advanced and, as a result, the concept of network pharmacology has been developed. This advancement, in turn, has shifted the paradigm from a “one-target, one-drug” mode to a “network-target, multiple-component-therapeutics” mode. Network pharmacology is more effective for establishing a “compound-protein/gene-disease” network and revealing the regulation principles of small molecules in a high-throughput manner. This approach makes it very powerful for the analysis of drug combinations, especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations. In this work, we first summarized the databases and tools currently used for TCM research. Second, we focused on several representative applications of network pharmacology for TCM research, including studies on TCM compatibility, TCM target prediction, and TCM network toxicology research. Third, we compared the general statistics of several current TCM databases and evaluated and compared the search results of these databases based on 10 famous herbs. In summary, network pharmacology is a rational approach for TCM studies, and with the development of TCM research, powerful and comprehensive TCM databases have emerged but need further improvements. Additionally, given that several diseases could be treated by TCMs, with the mediation of gut microbiota, future studies should focus on both the microbiome and TCMs to better understand and treat microbiome-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhao M, Chen Y, Wang C, Xiao W, Chen S, Zhang S, Yang L, Li Y. Systems Pharmacology Dissection of Multi-Scale Mechanisms of Action of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi Formula for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1448. [PMID: 30687082 PMCID: PMC6336928 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-components Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treats various complex diseases (multi-etiologies and multi-symptoms) via herbs interactions to exert curative efficacy with less adverse effects. However, the ancient Chinese compatibility theory of herbs formula still remains ambiguous. Presently, this combination principle is dissected through a systems pharmacology study on the mechanism of action of a representative TCM formula, Huo-xiang-zheng-qi (HXZQ) prescription, on the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), a chronic or recurrent clinical disorder of digestive system, as typical gastrointestinal (GI) diseases which burden human physical and mental health heavily and widely. In approach, a systems pharmacology platform which incorporates the pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamics evaluation, target fishing and network pharmacological analyses is employed. As a result, 132 chemicals and 48 proteins are identified as active compounds and FD-related targets, and the mechanism of HXZQ formula for the treatment of GI diseases is based on its three function modules of anti-inflammation, immune protection and gastrointestinal motility regulation mainly through four, i.e., PIK-AKT, JAK-STAT, Toll-like as well as Calcium signaling pathways. In addition, HXZQ formula conforms to the ancient compatibility rule of "Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi" due to the different, while cooperative roles that herbs possess, specifically, the direct FD curative effects of GHX (serving as Jun drug), the anti-bacterial efficacy and major accompanying symptoms-reliving bioactivities of ZS and BZ (as Chen), the detoxication and ADME regulation capacities of GC (as Shi), as well as the minor symptoms-treating efficacy of the rest 7 herbs (as Zuo). This work not only provides an insight of the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs on treating GI diseases from a multi-scale perspective, but also may offer an efficient way for drug discovery and development from herbal medicine as complementary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, China
| | - Shusheng Chen
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Pharmacy School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Liao J, Hao C, Huang W, Shao X, Song Y, Liu L, Ai N, Fan X. Network pharmacology study reveals energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways-mediated cardioprotective effects of Shenqi Fuzheng. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:155-165. [PMID: 30145173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenqi Fuzheng (SQ) is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Radix Codonopsis and Radix Astragali. Although SQ is widely used to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the molecular mechanisms supporting its clinical application remain elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of current study was to understand its cardioprotective effects at the molecular level using network pharmacology approach. MATERIALS AND METHOD In an I/R injury animal model, the beneficial pharmacological activities of SQ were confirmed by decreased infarct range observed on drug treated rats versus control group. Additionally, several serum biochemical indicators were in concord with this observation. Subsequently, a microarray experiment was performed to reveal the influence on injured heart at the gene expression level by this TCM injection. We then proposed a network analysis algorithm NTRA to discover the key nodes based on both disease network structure and transcriptomics. Using NRIODN, a method developed by our group previously, the holistic changes on the gene network induced by for I/R injury and SQ treatment were evaluated. RESULTS Pathway enrichment analysis of highly ranked genes by NTRA showed that PPAR and apoptosis pathways were highly related to I/R injury. Finally, western blot results showed increased level of the PPARα and BAX protein in the heart after injection treatment which confirmed the hypothesis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that SQ injection exerts protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple pathways, including myocardial energy metabolism improvement, cell adhesion inhibition, inflammatory reaction perturbation, myocardial apoptosis reduction and ventricular remodeling avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Shaoguan 512028, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangang Song
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Shaoguan 512028, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangfeng Liu
- Limin Pharmaceutical Factory, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., Shaoguan 512028, Guangdong, China
| | - Ni Ai
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Department of TCM Science and Engineering, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu L, Du B, Zhang H, Guo X, Zhou Z, Xiu A, Liu C, Su S, Ai H. A network pharmacology approach to explore the mechanisms of Erxian decoction in polycystic ovary syndrome. Chin Med 2018; 13:46. [PMID: 30181771 PMCID: PMC6114271 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significantly affects women's health and well-being. To explore the pharmacological basis of the Erxian decoction (EXD) action in PCOS therapy, a network interaction analysis was conducted at the molecular level. METHODS The active elements of EXD were identified according to the oral bioavailability and drug-likeness filters from three databases: traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform, TCM@taiwan and TCMID, and their potential targets were also identified. Genes associated with PCOS and established protein-protein interaction networks were mined from the NCBI database. Finally, significant pathways and functions of these networks were identified using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to determine the mechanism of action of EXD. RESULTS Seventy active compounds were obtained from 981 ingredients present in the EXD decoction, corresponding to 247 targets. In addition, 262 genes were found to be closely related with PCOS, of which 50 overlapped with EXD and were thus considered therapeutically relevant. Pathway enrichment analysis identified PI3k-Akt, insulin resistance, Toll-like receptor, MAPK and AGE-RAGE from a total of 15 significant pathways in PCOS and its treatment. CONCLUSIONS EXD can effectively improve the symptoms of PCOS and our systemic pharmacological analysis lays the experimental foundation for further clinical applications of EXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo Du
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Library Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Aihui Xiu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Su
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
| | - Hao Ai
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Follicle Development and Reproductive Health (Office of Science and Technology), Jinzhou, China
- Department of Gynecological Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Chen L, Cao Y, Zhang H, Lv D, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Ye G, Chai Y. Network pharmacology-based strategy for predicting active ingredients and potential targets of Yangxinshi tablet for treating heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:359-368. [PMID: 29366769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yangxinshi tablet (YXST) is an effective treatment for heart failure and myocardial infarction; it consists of 13 herbal medicines formulated according to traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices. It has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease for many years in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a network pharmacology-based strategy was used to elucidate the mechanism of action of YXST for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovascular disease-related protein target and compound databases were constructed for YXST. A molecular docking platform was used to predict the protein targets of YXST. The affinity between proteins and ingredients was determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. The action modes between targets and representative ingredients were calculated using Glide docking, and the related pathways were predicted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. RESULTS A protein target database containing 924 proteins was constructed; 179 compounds in YXST were identified, and 48 compounds with high relevance to the proteins were defined as representative ingredients. Thirty-four protein targets of the 48 representative ingredients were analyzed and classified into two categories: immune and cardiovascular systems. The SPR assay and molecular docking partly validated the interplay between protein targets and representative ingredients. Moreover, 28 pathways related to heart failure were identified, which provided directions for further research on YXST. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the cardiovascular protective effect of YXST mainly involved the immune and cardiovascular systems. Through the research strategy based on network pharmacology, we analysis the complex system of YXST and found 48 representative compounds, 34 proteins and 28 related pathways of YXST, which could help us understand the underlying mechanism of YSXT's anti-heart failure effect. The network-based investigation could help researchers simplify the complex system of YXSY. It may also offer a feasible approach to decipher the chemical and pharmacological bases of other TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langdong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yahong Zhao
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guan Ye
- Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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28
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Lee WC, Liu YL. Traditional Chinese medicine and herbal supplements for treating overactive bladder. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cuong NM, Nhan NT, Son NT, Nghi DH, Cuong TD. Daltonkins A and B, Two New Carboxyethylflavanones from the Heartwood ofDalbergia tonkinensis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Cuong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
| | - Ngu Truong Nhan
- Graduate University of Science and Technology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
- Faculty of Science and Technology; Tay Nguyen University; Daklak 630000 Vietnam
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
| | - Do Huu Nghi
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
| | - To Dao Cuong
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST); Hanoi 122100 Vietnam
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A multiple biomarker assay for quality assessment of botanical drugs using a versatile microfluidic chip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12243. [PMID: 28947774 PMCID: PMC5612938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality control is critical for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Current quality control method for botanical drugs is mainly based on chemical testing. However, chemical testing alone may not be sufficient as it may not capture all constituents of botanical drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a bioassay correlating with the drug's known mechanism of action to ensure its potency and activity. Herein we developed a multiple biomarker assay to assess the quality of botanicals using microfluidics, where enzyme inhibition was employed to indicate the drug's activity and thereby evaluate biological consistency. This approach was exemplified on QiShenYiQi Pills using thrombin and angiotensin converting enzyme as "quality biomarkers". Our results demonstrated that there existed variations in potency across different batches of the intermediates and preparations. Compared with chromatographic fingerprinting, the bioassay provided better discrimination ability for some abnormal samples. Moreover, the chip could function as "affinity chromatography" to identify bioactive phytochemicals bound to the enzymes. This work proposed a multiple-biomarker strategy for quality assessment of botanical drugs, while demonstrating for the first time the feasibility of microfluidics in this field.
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Yu J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Fan G, Zhu Y. A critical courier role of volatile oils from Dalbergia odorifera for cardiac protection in vivo by QiShenYiQi. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7353. [PMID: 28779167 PMCID: PMC5544742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Component-based Chinese medicine (CCM) is derived from traditional Chinese medicine but produced with modern pharmaceutical standard and clearer clinical indications. However, it still faces challenges of defining individual component contribution in the complex formula. Using QiShenYiQi (QSYQ) as a model CCM, we investigated the role of Dalbergia odorifera (DO), an herbal component, in preventing myocardial damage. We showed that in vitro, QSYQ exerted considerable protective activities on cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction with or without DO. However, in isolated rat hearts, myocardial protection by QSYQ was significantly weakened without DO. In everted gut sac model, DO significantly enhanced absorption of the major QSYQ ingredients in different regions of rat intestine. Finally, in in vivo mouse model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial damage, only QSYQ, but not QiShenYiQi without DO (QSYQ-DO), exerted a full protection. Taken together, our results showed that instead of directly contributing to the myocardial protection, Dalbergia odorifera facilitates the major active ingredients absorption and increases their efficacy, eventually enhancing the in vivo potency of QSYQ. These findings may shed new lights on our understanding of the prescription compatibility theory, as well as the impacts of “courier herbs” in component-based Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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How Can Synergism of Traditional Medicines Benefit from Network Pharmacology? Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071135. [PMID: 28686181 PMCID: PMC6152294 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many prescriptions of traditional medicines (TMs), whose efficacy has been tested in clinical practice, have great therapeutic value and represent an excellent resource for drug discovery. Research into single compounds of TMs, such as artemisinin from Artemisia annua L., has achieved great success; however, it has become evident that a TM prescription (which frequently contains various herbs or other components) has a synergistic effect in effecting a cure or reducing toxicity. Network pharmacology targets biological networks and analyzes the links among drugs, targets, and diseases in those networks. Comprehensive, systematic research into network pharmacology is consistent with the perspective of holisticity, which is a main characteristic of many TMs. By means of network pharmacology, research has demonstrated that many a TM show a synergistic effect by acting at different levels on multiple targets and pathways. This approach effectively bridges the gap between modern medicine and TM, and it greatly facilitates studies into the synergistic actions of TMs. There are different kinds of synergistic effects with TMs, such as synergy among herbs, effective parts, and pure compounds; however, for various reasons, new drug discovery should at present focus on synergy among pure compounds.
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Antiaging and Anxiolytic Effects of Combinatory Formulas Based on Four Medicinal Herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4624069. [PMID: 28458714 PMCID: PMC5387814 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4624069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to search for medicinal-herb combinations based on Radix Bupleurum chinense DC (“B”), Rhizoma Corydalis yanhusuo WT Wang (“Y”), Caulis Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (“P”), and Flos Albizia julibrissin Durazz (“A”) for antiaging, anxiolytic, and sedative effects. Application of the D-galactose induced accelerated-aging model employing male ICR mice showed that oral administration of some combinations of B, Y, P, and A significantly improved spatial memory in Y-maze test and reduced brain levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 based on immunoassays and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, based on the thiobarbituric acid test, and the loss of whiskers, indicating antiaging and antineurodegeneration effects. In addition, some of the combinatory formulas induced anxiolysis measured using the elevated plus-maze test and/or sedative effects measured using the hole-board test. Over the range of dosages examined, all possible combinations of the four herbs were devoid of any significant side effects in the form of altered locomotor activity, decreased muscle coordination, or anterograde amnesia assessed using the photobeam and rotarod and step-through passive avoidance methods, respectively. The results suggest that various combinations of the B, Y, P, and A herbs could be useful as nonsedative, antiaging and/or antineurodegenerative agents, or anxiolytic agents.
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Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill improves cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24383. [PMID: 27075394 PMCID: PMC4830957 DOI: 10.1038/srep24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia (MI) is one of the leading causes of death, while Qishen Yiqi Drop Pill (QYDP) is a representative traditional Chinese medicine to treat this disease. Unveiling the pharmacological mechanism of QYDP will provide a great opportunity to promote the development of novel drugs to treat MI. 64 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: MI model group, sham operation group, QYDP treatment group and Fosinopril treatment group. Echocardiography results showed that QYDP exhibited significantly larger LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd) and LV end-systolic dimension (LVEDs), compared with the MI model group, indicating the improved cardiac function by QYDP. (1)H-NMR based metabonomics further identify 9 significantly changed metabolites in the QYDP treatment group, and the QYDP-related proteins based on the protein-metabolite interaction networks and the corresponding pathways were explored, involving the pyruvate metabolism pathway, the retinol metabolism pathway, the tyrosine metabolism pathway and the purine metabolism pathway, suggesting that QYDP was closely associated with blood circulation. ELISA tests were further employed to identify NO synthase (iNOS) and cathepsin K (CTSK) in the networks. For the first time, our work combined experimental and computational methods to study the mechanism of the formula of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Zhang YQ, Mao X, Guo QY, Lin N, Li S. Network Pharmacology-based Approaches Capture Essence of Chinese Herbal Medicines. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Huang L, Lv Q, Xie D, Shi T, Wen C. Deciphering the Potential Pharmaceutical Mechanism of Chinese Traditional Medicine (Gui-Zhi-Shao-Yao-Zhi-Mu) on Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22602. [PMID: 26935797 PMCID: PMC4776278 DOI: 10.1038/srep22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gui-Zhi-Shao-Yao-Zhi-Mu (GSZ) decoction is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula commonly used for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The therapeutic effect of GSZ for RA treatment is supported by our clinical retrospective study. To uncover the potential mechanism underlying GSZ formula, we identified 1,327 targets of 673 compounds from 9 herbs that involve in Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway and regulation of immunoglobulin production. Comparison between formula targets with 79 RA drug targets and 675 RA disease genes showed that formula targets covered 31.6% RA drug targets and 19.9% RA disease genes. Formula specific targets presented expression patterns highly similar to the disease genes and drug targets based on the expression profiles of RA samples. Investigation of 10 inferred gene clusters from expression profiles with a target association network revealed that formula specific targets directly or indirectly interacted with disease genes that were essential for immune related biological processes (e.g. inflammatory responses, treatment response of rheumatoid arthritis, etc.). Our result indicated that GSZ disrupted the RA disease dysfunction modules and restored homeostasis in the human body. The systemic approach to infer therapeutic mechanisms of GSZ for RA treatment provides a new insight in the understanding of this TCM formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,School of Finance and Statistics, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Duoli Xie
- TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, and the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
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Zhang W, Wang S, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Li X, Lin Y, Wei X. Evidence of Chinese herbal medicine Duhuo Jisheng decoction for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e008973. [PMID: 26729379 PMCID: PMC4716222 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Duhuo Jisheng decoction (DJD) is considered beneficial for controlling knee osteoarthritis (KOA)-related symptoms in some Asian countries. This review compiles the evidence from randomised clinical trials and quantifies the effects of DJD on KOA. DESIGNS 7 online databases were investigated up to 12 October 2015. Randomised clinical trials investigating treatment of KOA for which DJD was used either as a monotherapy or in combination with conventional therapy compared to no intervention, placebo or conventional therapy, were included. The outcomes included the evaluation of functional activities, pain and adverse effect. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The estimated mean difference (MD) and SMD was within a 95% CI with respect to interstudy heterogeneity. RESULTS 12 studies with 982 participants were identified. The quality presented a high risk of bias. Meta-analysis found that DJD combined with glucosamine (MD 4.20 (1.72 to 6.69); p<0.001) or DJD plus meloxicam and glucosamine (MD 3.48 (1.59 to 5.37); p<0.001) had a more significant effect in improving Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (total WOMAC scores). Also, meta-analysis presented more remarkable pain improvement when DJD plus sodium hyaluronate injection (MD 0.89 (0.26 to 1.53); p=0.006) was used. These studies demonstrated that active treatment of DJD in combination should be practiced for at least 4 weeks. Information on the safety of DJD or comprehensive therapies was insufficient in few studies. CONCLUSIONS DJD combined with Western medicine or sodium hyaluronate injection appears to have benefits for KOA. However, the effectiveness and safety of DJD is uncertain because of the limited number of trials and low methodological quality. Therefore, practitioners should be cautious when applying DJD in daily practice. Future clinical trials should be well designed; more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangquan Wang
- Department of General Orthopedics, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranxing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wei
- Department of Scientific Research, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Feng DD, Tang T, Lin XP, Yang ZY, Yang S, Xia ZA, Wang Y, Zheng P, Wang Y, Zhang CH. Nine traditional Chinese herbal formulas for the treatment of depression: an ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2387-2402. [PMID: 27703356 PMCID: PMC5036551 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major mental disorder, and is currently recognized as the second-leading cause of disability worldwide. However, the therapeutic effect of antidepressants remains unsatisfactory. For centuries, Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) have been widely used in the treatment of depression, achieving better therapeutic effects than placebo and having fewer side effects than conventional antidepressants. Here, we review the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology studies of nine common CHFs: "banxia houpo" decoction, "chaihu shugansan", "ganmaidazao" decoction, "kaixinsan", "shuganjieyu" capsules, "sinisan", "wuling" capsules, "xiaoyaosan", and "yueju". Eight clinical trials and seven meta-analyses have supported the theory that CHFs are effective treatments for depression, decreasing Hamilton Depression Scale scores and showing few adverse effects. Evidence from 75 preclinical studies has also elucidated the multitarget and multipathway mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of the nine CHFs. Decoctions, capsules, and pills all showed antidepressant effects, ranked in descending order of efficacy. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, these CHFs have flexible compatibility and mainly act by soothing the liver and relieving depression. This review highlights the effective treatment choices and candidate compounds for patients, practitioners, and researchers in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. In summary, the current evidence supports the efficacy of CHFs in the treatment of depression, but additional large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials and sophisticated pharmacology studies should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Feng
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ping Lin
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yu Yang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-An Xia
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao Zheng
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hu Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Zhang GB, Song YN, Chen QL, Dong S, Lu YY, Su MY, Liu P, Su SB. Actions of Huangqi decoction against rat liver fibrosis: a gene expression profiling analysis. Chin Med 2015; 10:39. [PMID: 26691002 PMCID: PMC4683959 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Huangqi decoction (HQD) is used for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis treatment in Chinese medicine. This study aims to investigate the pharmacological actions of HQD against liver fibrosis in rats by high-throughput gene expression profiling, network analysis and real-time qRT-PCR. Methods We analyzed the profiles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis in rat. The liver tissue samples of control group (n = 3), model group (n = 3) and HQD group (n = 3) were examined by microarrays. Pathways were analyzed by KEGG. Pathway-gene and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed with Cytoscape software. The expression of candidate genes was verified by qRT-PCR. P values less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results Collagen deposition and hydroxyproline (Hyp) content were decreased in the HQD group compared with the model group (P < 0.001), while that of Hyp in the model group were increased compared with the control group (P < 0.001). In comparison with the model group, 1085 DEGs (all P < 0.05, |fold change| >1.5) and 52 pathways in the HQD group were identified. TGF-beta, ECM-receptor interaction, and the cell adhesion molecules pathways were significantly recovered by HQD (P < 0.001). A pathway-gene network was constructed, including 303 DEGs and 52 pathways, and 514 nodes and 2602 edges, among 142 genes with node degrees greater than 10. The expressions of PDGFra, PDGFrb, PDGFb, PDGFd, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2, and THBS1 were significantly down-regulated by HQD (P < 0.001). Conclusion HQD down-regulated the expressions of PDGFra, PDGFrb, PDGFb, PDGFd, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A2 and THBS1, and TGF-β and PDGF signaling pathways in the DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-015-0066-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Biao Zhang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ya-Nan Song
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shu Dong
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yi-Yu Lu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ming-Yu Su
- Liver Disease Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ping Liu
- Liver Disease Institute, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Liu Y, Ai N, Liao J, Fan X. Transcriptomics: a sword to cut the Gordian knot of traditional Chinese medicine. Biomark Med 2015; 9:1201-13. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The systemic effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) seem to be a Gordian knot, impossible to untie for decades. With the advent of transcriptomics, a useful sword is provided to cut the knot and shed some light on complex bioprocesses and intrinsic connections among them. Here, we revisit studies on TCM ZHENGs using this approach, highlight its applications on elucidating the potential scientific basis of ZHENG and investigating mechanisms of action for the TCM formula, and demonstrating its unique role in novel TCM drug design and discovery through active ingredient detection from TCM and compatibility theory study of TCM. The limitations and future perspectives of transcriptomics approaches to TCM study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ni Ai
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Efficacy-oriented compatibility for component-based Chinese medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:654-8. [PMID: 25864650 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-target drugs have not achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects for complex diseases involving multiple factors. Instead, innovations in recent drug research and development have revealed the emergence of compound drugs, such as cocktail therapies and "polypills", as the frontier in new drug development. A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that is usually composed of several medicinal herbs can serve a typical representative of compound medicines. Although the traditional compatibility theory of TCM cannot be well expressed using modern scientific language nowadays, the fundamental purpose of TCM compatibility can be understood as promoting efficacy and reducing toxicity. This paper introduces the theory and methods of efficacy-oriented compatibility for developing component-based Chinese medicines.
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Mao B, Nuan L, Yang L, Zeng X. Compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia extract inhibits myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling by regulation of protein kinase D1 protein. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3716-3724. [PMID: 26064267 PMCID: PMC4443101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study is to determine the effect of astragalus and salvia extract on the alteration of myocardium in a rat model of myocardial infarction. METHODS A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham-operated group, the control group, the Astragalus group, the Salvia group, and the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia and group. The cardiac functions were determined at 8 weeks after treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the morphology and arrangement of cardiomyocytes. Masson's trichrome staining was performed to investigate the distribution of myocardial interstitial collagen. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression ofprotein kinase D1 in myocardial tissues. RESULTS In the sham-operated group, the Astragalus group, the Salvia group, and the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group, the left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure were significantly increased while the left ventricular end diastolic pressure were significantly decreased when compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Normal morphology and arrangement of cardiomyocytes were maintained in the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group. Contents of collagen fibers in myocardial tissues were decreased in the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group (P < 0.05). Expression levels of protein kinase D1 were significantly decreased in cardiomyocytes of the compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia group. CONCLUSIONS Compatibility of Astragalus and Salvia extract may inhibit myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling by regulation of protein kinase D1 protein in a rat model of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Mao
- Medical Experimental Center, Nanyang Institute of TechnologyNanyang 473004, P.R. China
| | - Liu Nuan
- Medical Experimental Center, Nanyang Institute of TechnologyNanyang 473004, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical Experimental Center, Nanyang Institute of TechnologyNanyang 473004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Institute of Experimental Animal Research, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100021, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Fan HR, Li YZ, Xiao XF, Liu R, Qi JW, Wang J, Zhang ZP, Liu CX, Shen XP. Development and Application of Network Toxicology in Safety Research of Chinese Materia Medica. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(15)60016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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