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Pálla S, Anker P, Farkas K, Plázár D, Kiss S, Marschalkó P, Szalai Z, Bene J, Hadzsiev K, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Medvecz M. Co-occurrence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and pseudoachondroplasia - a first case report. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:110. [PMID: 36890482 PMCID: PMC9993747 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 and pseudoachondroplasia are both rare autosomal dominant disorders, caused by pathogenic mutations in NF1 and COMP genes, respectively. Both neurofibromin 1 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) play a role in the development of the skeleton. Carrying both germline mutations has not been previously reported; however, it can affect the developing phenotype. CASE PRESENTATION The index patient, an 8-year-old female presented with several skeletal and dermatologic anomalies resembling the coexistence of multiple syndromes. Her mother had dermatologic symptoms characteristic for neurofibromatosis type 1, and her father presented with distinct skeletal anomalies. NGS-based analysis revealed a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in genes NF1 and COMP in the index patient. A previously unreported heterozygous variant was detected for the NF1 gene. The sequencing of the COMP gene revealed a previously reported, pathogenic heterozygous variant that is responsible for the development of the pseudoachondroplasia phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Here, we present the case of a young female carrying pathogenic NF1 and COMP mutations, diagnosed with two distinct heritable disorders, neurofibromatosis type 1 and pseudoachondroplasia. The coincidence of two monogenic autosomal dominant disorders is rare and can pose a differential diagnostic challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported co-occurrence of these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Pálla
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Pálma Anker
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Klára Farkas
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Dóra Plázár
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kiss
- Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Péter Marschalkó
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Heim Pál National Children's Institute, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Szalai
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Heim Pál National Children's Institute, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7623, Hungary
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7623, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Márta Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
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Shelah S, Strüngmann L. Infinite combinatorics in mathematical biology. Biosystems 2021; 204:104392. [PMID: 33731280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Is it possible to apply infinite combinatorics and (infinite) set theory in theoretical biology? We do not know the answer yet but in this article we try to present some techniques from infinite combinatorics and set theory that have been used over the last decades in order to prove existence results and independence theorems in algebra and that might have the flexibility and generality to be also used in theoretical biology. In particular, we will introduce the theory of forcing and an algebraic construction technique based on trees and forests using infinite binary sequences. We will also present an overview of the theory of circular codes. Such codes had been found in the genetic information and are assumed to play an important role in error detecting and error correcting mechanisms during the process of translation. Finally, examples and constructions of infinite mixed circular codes using binary sequences hopefully show some similarity between these theories - a starting point for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharon Shelah
- Einstein Institute of Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem(1), 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA.
| | - Lutz Strüngmann
- Institute of Mathematical Biology, Faculty of Computer Sciences, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
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Seligmann H. Localized Context-Dependent Effects of the "Ambush" Hypothesis: More Off-Frame Stop Codons Downstream of Shifty Codons. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:786-795. [PMID: 31157984 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ambush hypothesis speculates that off-frame stop codons increase translational efficiency after ribosomal frameshifts by stopping early frameshifted translation. Some evidences fit this hypothesis: (1) synonymous codon usages increase with their potential contribution to off-frame stops; (2) the genetic code assigns frequent amino acids to codon families contributing to off-frame stops; (3) positive biases for off-frame stops (AT rich) occur despite adverse nucleotide (GC) biases; and (4) mitochondrial off-frame stop codon densities increase with ribosomal structural instability, potential proxy of frameshift frequencies. In this study, analyses of vertebrate mitogenes and tRNA synthetase genes from all superkingdoms and viruses test a new prediction of the ambush hypothesis: sequences immediately downstream of frameshift-inducing homopolymer codons (AAA, CCC, GGG, and TTT) are off-frame stop rich. Codons immediately downstream of homopolymer codons form more than average off-frame stops, biases are stronger than for corresponding upstream distances and for any other group of synonymous codons. Sequences downstream of that high-density region are off-frame stop depleted. This decrease suggests that off-frame stops, combined with suppressor tRNAs regulate translation of overlapping coding sequences. Results show the predictive power of the ambush hypothesis, from macroevolutionary (genetic code structure) to detailed gene sequence anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Seligmann
- The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chakraborty C, Bandyopadhyay S, Agoramoorthy G. India's Computational Biology Growth and Challenges. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 8:263-76. [PMID: 27465042 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
India's computational science is growing swiftly due to the outburst of internet and information technology services. The bioinformatics sector of India has been transforming rapidly by creating a competitive position in global bioinformatics market. Bioinformatics is widely used across India to address a wide range of biological issues. Recently, computational researchers and biologists are collaborating in projects such as database development, sequence analysis, genomic prospects and algorithm generations. In this paper, we have presented the Indian computational biology scenario highlighting bioinformatics-related educational activities, manpower development, internet boom, service industry, research activities, conferences and trainings undertaken by the corporate and government sectors. Nonetheless, this new field of science faces lots of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
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