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Chen YT, Harper AE, Phanhdone T, Alore M, Hicks S, Pape A, Jay GM, Bolde S, Feldpausch J, Guetterman TC, Khanna D, Murphy SL. Impact of a resilience-building energy management intervention for people with systemic sclerosis: a mixed methods study. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2024; 8:rkae040. [PMID: 38618141 PMCID: PMC11015950 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives People with SSc often experience fatigue, which significantly affects daily life functioning and quality of life. We aimed to explore participants' experiences of a peer health-coached resilience-building energy management to enhance well-being (RENEW) intervention on symptoms and well-being and to use mixed methods to compare how SSc duration influenced the experiences of participants who had clinically significant fatigue improvement vs those who did not. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants from the parent clinical trial randomized to the RENEW intervention. Data were analysed using the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique combined with thematic content analysis. A mixed methods approach used a joint display to identify themes related to the impact of SSc duration on fatigue improvement status. Participants were categorized into short/improvement, short/limited improvement, long/improvement, and long/limited improvement. Results Our team generated four themes: participant and peer health-coach relationship, physical and psychological well-being improvement, need for a tailored approach and easy program access through technology. Mixed methods analysis revealed that, regardless of SSc duration, participants with improved fatigue reported increasing self-awareness of SSc-related symptoms and learning coping strategies to manage fatigue. Participants in the short/improvement group reported preferences for slower pacing of the program and pairing with a coach with similar symptom severity. Participants in the long/limited improvement group sought SSc-specific symptom management information. Conclusion Incorporating peer health coaches and technology is beneficial for self-management interventions for people with SSc. Future tailoring of RENEW based on SSc duration and symptom severity is needed. Clinical trial registration number clinicatrials.gov, NCT04908943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen T Chen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra E Harper
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Mary Alore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sheri Hicks
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam Pape
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gina M Jay
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shannen Bolde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennie Feldpausch
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan L Murphy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Sari F, Oskay D, Tufan A. Effects of a telerehabilitation-based exercise program in patients with systemic sclerosis. Z Rheumatol 2024; 83:167-174. [PMID: 37097308 PMCID: PMC10127957 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-023-01346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of telerehabilitation-based exercise programs in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. METHODS Forty-six SSc patients were randomly separated into two groups as telerehabilitation and control. Videos comprising clinical Pilates-based exercises were designed and uploaded to YouTube™ for the telerehabilitation group by physiotherapists. A video interview was conducted with the SSc patients once a week and an exercise program was performed twice daily for 8 weeks in the telerehabilitation group. The same exercise programs were printed on paper brochures and patients were instructed on their application in the form of a home exercise program to be continued for 8 weeks in the control group. Pain, fatigue, quality of life, sleep, physical activity, anxiety, and depression were assessed in all patients at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS The clinical and demographic characteristics were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Fatigue, pain, anxiety, and depression decreased in both groups, while quality of life and sleep quality increased after the exercise program (p < 0.05). However, the improvements in the telerehabilitation group were statistically more significant than in the control group for all studied parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of our study demonstrate the superior efficacy of telerehabilitation-based treatment programs over home exercise programs, hence, we suggest widespread use of this innovative treatment program in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulden Sari
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Deran Oskay
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Inflamatuar Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, Rockville Pike, USA
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Rogers B, Famenini S, Perin J, Danila MI, Wipfler K, Michaud K, McMahan ZH. Clinical Features Associated With Rate of Fractures in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A US Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:2379-2388. [PMID: 37093022 PMCID: PMC10836612 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with several specific risk factors for fracture due to the complications of the disease and related medications. The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between SSc-associated clinical features and fracture rate in a large US cohort. METHODS Participants with SSc in FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, were included (1998-2019). Age- and sex-matched individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) from the same database were included as comparators. The primary end point was self-reported major osteoporotic fracture. Cox proportional hazards models were used to study the associations between risk factors and fractures. RESULTS The study included 922 individuals (SSc patients, n = 154; OA patients, n = 768). Eighty-seven percent were female, with a mean age of 57.8 years. Fifty-one patients developed at least 1 fracture during a median of 4.2 years (0.5-22.0 years) of follow-up. Patients with SSc had more frequent fractures compared to OA comparators (hazard ratio [HR] 2.38 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.47-3.83]). Among patients with SSc, a higher Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index score (HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.20-1.75]) and a higher Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index score (HR 3.83 [95% CI 2.12-6.93]) were associated with more fractures. Diabetes mellitus (HR 5.89 [95% CI 2.51-13.82]) and renal disease (HR 2.43 [95% CI 1.10-5.37]) were independently associated with fracture among SSc patients relative to SSc patients without these comorbidities. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight factors associated with fracture among patients with SSc. Disability as measured by the HAQ DI is a particularly strong indicator of fracture rate in SSc. Improving SSc patients' functional status, where possible, may lead to better long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jamie Perin
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria I Danila
- University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham
| | - Kristin Wipfler
- FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- FORWARD, The National Databank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas, and University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha
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Connolly CM, Paik JJ. Myopathy in systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023; 35:341-348. [PMID: 37650694 PMCID: PMC10538402 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic sclerosis associated myopathy (SSc-AM) is a complex, heterogenous disease that is associated with poor outcomes. SSc-AM lacks a clear definition, and continues to be poorly recognized. The purpose of this review is to provide a contemporary overview of the clinical, serological and pathophysiologic findings in SSc-AM to guide optimal recognition and management of this challenging disease manifestation. RECENT FINDINGS There have been several advances in diagnostic techniques to facilitate characterization of SSc-AM, including muscle MRI, in which findings were correlated to distinct histopathologic categories of muscle involvement in SSc, histopathologic findings of prominent fibrosis or inflammation on biopsy, and the identification of novel autoantibodies associated with SSc-AM, which may be associated with distinct clinical phenotypes. In one of the largest studies to date, 17% of a well phenotyped SSc cohort were found to have myopathy, which was an independent risk of death, even after adjusting for potential confounders, further highlighting the importance of timely recognistion and management of SSc-AM. SUMMARY There is increasing recognition of the importance of SSc-AM. Novel diagnostic tools provide the opportunity for more detailed insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms, which may facilitate the development of a rigorous consensus definition of SSc-AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoilfhionn M. Connolly
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Julie J. Paik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Kiss F, Farkas N, Nagy G, Minier T, Kumánovics G, Faludi R, Czirják L, Varjú C. Minimal Clinically Important Differences (MCID) for the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:771. [PMID: 36613093 PMCID: PMC9819291 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by significant fatigue, causing diminished quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to examine fatigue levels and their associations with clinical factors and determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) value for the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale (FACIT-FS). (2) Methods: A total of 160 SSc patients and 62 individuals without SSc were followed-up over a 12-month period by measuring the FACIT-FS and the Visual Analogue Scale and the Short Form 36 Vitality Score analyzing changes in exhaustion. (3) Results: Fatigue was strongly correlated with HRQoL, level of pain, emotional disorders, physical capability and functionality. The MCID values for FACIT-FS were calculated as -3 for deterioration and +4 for improvement after a 12-month follow-up. The predictors of improvement of fatigue from baseline parameters were the significant disease activity, the patients' poorer functionality and the short disease duration. Patients with scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease at baseline had approximately tripled risks for worsening fatigue. The independent influential factors regarding the changing of FACIT-FS were improving or worsening in the same direction in reference to physical condition, gastrointestinal and emotional factors. (4) Conclusions: Fatigue is a multi-dimensional symptom, which is strongly correlated to HRQoL. MCID values of FACIT-FS can be useful tools in monitoring the changes of HRQoL in clinical trials and in daily practice among patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciska Kiss
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tünde Minier
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kumánovics
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka Faludi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Cecília Varjú
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7632 Pécs, Hungary
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Mitropoulos A, Boström C, Mattsson M, Kouidi E, Dimitroulas T, Liem SIE, Vlieland TPMV, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Jacobsen S, Cuomo G, Akil M, Klonizakis M. Exploring the effects of a combined exercise programme on pain and fatigue outcomes in people with systemic sclerosis: study protocol for a large European multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:962. [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pain, related to Raynaud’s phenomenon or digital ulceration, has been identified as very prevalent and debilitating symptoms of systemic sclerosis (SSc), both significantly affecting patients’ quality of life (QoL). Pharmacological therapeutic strategies were found not to be sufficiently effective in the management of SSc-induced pain and fatigue, and evidence for exercise is scarce. As yet, the effects of a long-term, tailored exercise programme on pain and fatigue in patients with SSc have not been explored. In addition to pain and fatigue, this study aims to evaluate the effects of exercise on QoL, physical fitness, functional capacity, and vascular structure in people with SSc (PwSSc).
Methods
This will be a multicentre (n = 6) randomised controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of a previously established, supervised 12-week combined exercise programme on pain and fatigue as compared to no exercise in PwSSc. The study will recruit 180 patients with SSc that will be allocated randomly to two groups. Group A will perform the exercise programme parallel to standard usual care and group B will receive usual care alone. Patients in the exercise group will undertake two, 45-min sessions each week consisting of 30-min high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (30-s 100% peak power output/30-s passive recovery) on an arm crank ergometer and 15 min of upper body circuit resistance training. Patients will be assessed before as well as at 3 and 6 months following randomisation. Primary outcomes of the study will be pain and fatigue assessed via questionnaires. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, structure of digital microvasculature, body composition, physical fitness, and functional capacity.
Discussion
Data from this multi-centre research clinical trial will primarily be used to establish the effectiveness of a combined exercise protocol to improve pain and fatigue in SSc. In parallel, this study will be the first to explore the effects of long-term exercise on potential microvascular alterations assessed via NVC. Overall, this study will provide sufficient data to inform current clinical practice guidelines and may lead to an improvement of QoL for patients with SSc.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05234671. Registered on 14 January 2022
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7
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Antinozzi C, Grazioli E, De Santis M, Motta F, Sgrò P, Mari F, Mauri C, Parisi A, Caporossi D, Duranti G, Ceci R, Di Luigi L, Dimauro I. The Preventive Role of Physical Activity in Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Correlation with Clinical Parameters and Disease Progression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10303. [PMID: 36011938 PMCID: PMC9407825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although exercise is associated with improved health in many medical conditions, little is known about the possible influences of physical activity (PA) habits pre- and post- a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) on disease activity and progression. This cross-sectional study assessed, for the first time, self-reported pre- and post-diagnostic PA levels with the aim to verify if changes in these levels were correlated with demographic/anthropometric data (e.g., weight, height, gender, age, BMI), disease duration, diagnostic/clinical parameters (e.g., skin involvement, pulmonary hemodynamic/echocardiographic data, disease activity) related to disease activity and progression, and quality of life in a population-based sample of patients with SSc. Adult participants (n = 34, age 56.6 ± 13.3 years) with SSc (limited cutaneous SSc, lcSSc, n = 20; diffuse cutaneous SSc, dcSSc, n = 9; sine scleroderma SSc, n = 5) were enrolled at the Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology of the Humanitas Research Hospital. All medical data were recorded during periodic clinical visits by a rheumatologist. Moreover, all subjects included in this study completed extensive questionnaires to evaluate their health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and others related to health-related physical activity performed before (PRE) and after (POST) the diagnosis of disease. The linear regression analysis has shown that either a high Sport_index or Leisure_index in the PRE-diagnostic period was correlated with lower disease duration in dcSSc patients. Physical load during sport activity and leisure time accounted for ~61.1% and ~52.6% of the individual variation in disease duration, respectively. In lcSSc patients, a high PRE value related to physical load during sporting activities was correlated with a low pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP) and the POST value of the Work_index was positively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and negatively with creatine kinase levels (CK). Interestingly, the univariate analysis showed that Work_index accounts for ~29.4% of the variance in LVEF. Our analysis clearly reinforces the concept that high levels of physical load may play a role in primary prevention-delaying the onset of the disease in those subjects with a family history of SSc-as well as in secondary prevention, improving SSc management through a positive impact on different clinical parameters of the disease. However, it remains a priority to identify a customized physical load in order to minimize the possible negative effects of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Grazioli
- Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria De Santis
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital—Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Motta
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital—Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mari
- Unit of Bioengineering and Neuromechanics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Mauri
- Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Attilio Parisi
- Unit of Physical Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Unit of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Unit of Biochemistry of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Human Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
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Saketkoo LA, Frech T, Varjú C, Domsic R, Farrell J, Gordon JK, Mihai C, Sandorfi N, Shapiro L, Poole J, Volkmann ER, Lammi M, McAnally K, Alexanderson H, Pettersson H, Hant F, Kuwana M, Shah AA, Smith V, Hsu V, Kowal-Bielecka O, Assassi S, Cutolo M, Kayser C, Shanmugam VK, Vonk MC, Fligelstone K, Baldwin N, Connolly K, Ronnow A, Toth B, Suave M, Farrington S, Bernstein EJ, Crofford LJ, Czirják L, Jensen K, Hinchclif M, Hudson M, Lammi MR, Mansour J, Morgan ND, Mendoza F, Nikpour M, Pauling J, Riemekasten G, Russell AM, Scholand MB, Seigart E, Rodriguez-Reyna TS, Hummers L, Walker U, Steen V. A comprehensive framework for navigating patient care in systemic sclerosis: A global response to the need for improving the practice of diagnostic and preventive strategies in SSc. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2021; 35:101707. [PMID: 34538573 PMCID: PMC8670736 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), the most lethal of rheumatologic conditions, is the cause of death in >50% of SSc cases, led by pulmonary fibrosis followed by pulmonary hypertension and then scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). Multiple other preventable and treatable SSc-related vascular, cardiac, gastrointestinal, nutritional and musculoskeletal complications can lead to disability and death. Vascular injury with subsequent inflammation transforming to irreversible fibrosis and permanent damage characterizes SSc. Organ involvement is often present early in the disease course of SSc, but requires careful history-taking and vigilance in screening to detect. Inflammation is potentially reversible provided that treatment intensity quells inflammation and other immune mechanisms. In any SSc phenotype, opportunities for early treatment are prone to be under-utilized, especially in slowly progressive phenotypes that, in contrast to severe progressive ILD, indolently accrue irreversible organ damage resulting in later-stage life-limiting complications such as pulmonary hypertension, cardiac involvement, and malnutrition. A single SSc patient visit often requires much more physician and staff time, organization, vigilance, and direct management for multiple organ systems compared to other rheumatic or pulmonary diseases. Efficiency and efficacy of comprehensive SSc care enlists trending of symptoms and bio-data. Financial sustainability of SSc care benefits from understanding insurance reimbursement and health system allocation policies for complex patients. Sharing care between recognised SSc centers and local cardiology/pulmonary/rheumatology/gastroenterology colleagues may prevent complications and poor outcomes, while providing support to local specialists. As scleroderma specialists, we offer a practical framework with tools to facilitate an optimal, comprehensive and sustainable approach to SSc care. Improved health outcomes in SSc relies upon recogntion, management and, to the extent possible, prevention of SSc and treatment-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, USA; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, New Orleans, USA; University Medical Center - Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs, New Orleans, USA.
| | - Tracy Frech
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cecília Varjú
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Jessica Farrell
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA; Steffens Scleroderma Foundation, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jessica K Gordon
- Department of Rheumatology at Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carina Mihai
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Lee Shapiro
- Steffens Scleroderma Foundation, Albany, NY, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Janet Poole
- Occupational Therapy Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Volkmann
- University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Scleroderma Program and UCLA CTD-ILD Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kendra McAnally
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Centre, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Function Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicin, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Pettersson
- Function Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicin, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Faye Hant
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Caroline, SC, USA
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vivien Hsu
- Rutgers- RWJ Scleroderma Program, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Otylia Kowal-Bielecka
- Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Shervin Assassi
- Rheumatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristiane Kayser
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victoria K Shanmugam
- Department of Rheumatology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Madelon C Vonk
- Department of the rheumatic diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim Fligelstone
- Patient Research Partner, Scleroderma & Raynaud Society UK (SRUK), London, UK; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nancy Baldwin
- Patient Research Partner, Scleroderma Foundation, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anneliese Ronnow
- Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, Budapest, Hungary; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, London, UK
| | - Beata Toth
- Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, Budapest, Hungary; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, London, UK
| | | | - Sue Farrington
- Patient Research Partner, Scleroderma & Raynaud Society UK (SRUK), London, UK; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, Copenhagen, Denmark; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, Budapest, Hungary; Federation of European Scleroderma Associations, London, UK
| | - Elana J Bernstein
- Columbia University/New York-Presbyterian Scleroderma Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - László Czirják
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kelly Jensen
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Monique Hinchclif
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, USA
| | - Marie Hudson
- Division of heumatology and Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew R Lammi
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, USA; Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, New Orleans, USA; University Medical Center - Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs, New Orleans, USA
| | | | - Nadia D Morgan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Mendoza
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mandana Nikpour
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Pauling
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne at St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK; University of Lübeck, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Dept Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mary Beth Scholand
- University of Utah, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Pulmonary Fibrosis Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elise Seigart
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Hummers
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ulrich Walker
- Dept. of Rheumatology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Steen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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9
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Pettersson H, Alexanderson H, Poole JL, Varga J, Regardt M, Russell AM, Salam Y, Jensen K, Mansour J, Frech T, Feghali-Bostwick C, Varjú C, Baldwin N, Heenan M, Fligelstone K, Holmner M, Lammi MR, Scholand MB, Shapiro L, Volkmann ER, Saketkoo LA. Exercise as a multi-modal disease-modifying medicine in systemic sclerosis: An introduction by The Global Fellowship on Rehabilitation and Exercise in Systemic Sclerosis (G-FoRSS). Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2021; 35:101695. [PMID: 34217607 PMCID: PMC8478716 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2021.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous multisystem autoimmune disease whereby its main pathological drivers of disability and damage are vascular injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. These mechanisms result in diffuse and diverse impairments arising from ischemic circulatory dysfunction leading to painful skin ulceration and calcinosis, neurovascular aberrations hindering gastrointestinal (GI) motility, progressive painful, incapacitating or immobilizing effects of inflammatory and fibrotic effects on the lungs, skin, articular and periarticular structures, and muscle. SSc-related impairments impede routine activities of daily living (ADLs) and disrupt three critical life areas: work, family, social/leisure, and also impact on psychological well-being. Physical activity and exercise are globally recommended; however, for connective tissue diseases, this guidance carries greater impact on inflammatory disease manifestations, recovery, and cardiovascular health. Exercise, through myogenic and vascular phenomena, naturally targets key pathogenic drivers by downregulating multiple inflammatory and fibrotic pathways in serum and tissue, while increasing circulation and vascular repair. G-FoRSS, The Global Fellowship on Rehabilitation and Exercise in Systemic Sclerosis recognizes the scientific basis of and advocates for education and research of exercise as a systemic and targeted SSc disease-modifying treatment. An overview of biophysiological mechanisms of physical activity and exercise are herein imparted for patients, clinicians, and researchers, and applied to SSc disease mechanisms, manifestations, and impairment. A preliminary guidance on exercise in SSc, a research agenda, and the current state of research and outcome measures are set forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Pettersson
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicin, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicin, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janet L Poole
- Occupational Therapy Graduate Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Janos Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Malin Regardt
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Russell
- University of Exeter, College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK; National Institute of Health Research, Senior Nurse Research Leader, London, UK
| | - Yasser Salam
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Jensen
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, USA; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Jennifer Mansour
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, USA; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Tracy Frech
- Vanderbilt University, Division of Rheumatology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Cecília Varjú
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Pécs Clinical Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Matty Heenan
- Scleroderma Foundation/Pulmonary Hypertension Association, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kim Fligelstone
- Scleroderma & Raynaud Society UK (SRUK), London, UK; Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monica Holmner
- The Swedish Rheumatism Association National Association for Systemic Sclerosis, Sweden
| | - Matthew R Lammi
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, USA; University Medical Center - Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs, New Orleans, USA; Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Mary Beth Scholand
- University of Utah, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Pulmonary Fibrosis Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lee Shapiro
- Division of Rheumatology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA; Steffens Scleroderma Foundation, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Volkmann
- University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Scleroderma Program and UCLA CTD-ILD Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, USA; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA; University Medical Center - Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs, New Orleans, USA; Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
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10
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Yakut H, Özalevli S, Aktan R, Özgen Alpaydın A, Merih Birlik A, Can G. Effects of supervised exercise program and home exercise program in patients with systemic sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1200-1212. [PMID: 34268887 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effects of supervised exercise and home exercise program in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS Thirty-seven SSc patients were included. Patients with SSc were allocated into 2 groups as supervised and home exercise. Breathing, aerobic and resistance exercises were performed with a physiotherapist for 12 weeks in the supervised exercise group. Breathing, posture and aerobic exercises were given to the home exercise group as a home program for 12 weeks. All patients were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks later in terms of functional capacity, pulmonary functions, respiratory-peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea severity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and fatigue level. RESULTS Significant improvements were observed in the functional capacity, measured by 6 minute walking test in the supervised exercise group (before = 376.21 ± 65.50, after = 518.78 ± 75.84 m) and home exercise group (before = 384.44 ± 68.14, after = 432.7 ± 70.8 m; (P < .05). Respiratory-peripheral muscle strength (with the exception of inspiratory muscle strength and upper limb strength in the home exercise group) and HRQoL were significantly increased and fatigue level was significantly decreased in the supervised exercise and home exercise groups (P < .05). However, pulmonary functions and dyspnea severity were significantly improved only in the supervised exercise group (P < .05). The supervised exercise program was found superior to the home exercise program for change in all parameters (P < .05). CONCLUSION This study suggests that exercise interventions should be applied in addition to the medical treatments of patients with SSc as supervised and home exercise programs play an important role in the functionality and health status of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Yakut
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Özalevli
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ridvan Aktan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aylin Özgen Alpaydın
- Department of Pulmonary disease, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Merih Birlik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gerçek Can
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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11
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Luedtke K, Starke W, Korn KV, Szikszay TM, Schwarz A, May A. Neck treatment compared to aerobic exercise in migraine: A preference-based clinical trial. CEPHALALGIA REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515816320930681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic exercise with physiotherapy. A second objective was to evaluate whether patients with pain referred to the head during manual palpation will benefit more from physiotherapy than patients with local or no pain. Methods: A total of 103 patients with migraine received physiotherapy ( n = 79) or supervised aerobic exercise ( n = 24) according to their preference as an add-on treatment. Both groups had the same contact time with a specialized physiotherapist. The primary outcome measure was headache frequency during the 4 weeks after the intervention. Eighty-seven patients were analyzed at the primary end point ( n = 69 in the physiotherapy group; n = 18 in the aerobic exercise group). A follow-up assessment was conducted 3 months after the final intervention. Results: During the initial assessment of the upper cervical spine, 17 patients reported no pain, 45 local pain, and 25 referred pain to the head. Patients in the physiotherapy group had a mean reduction of 1.8 days (standard deviation (SD) 6.07), while patients in the aerobic exercise group had a mean reduction of 1.2 days (SD 4.27) at the primary end point. This difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.8). The largest improvement was noted in the group that showed referred pain to the head and received physiotherapy (2.13 days (SD 7.82)). Only patients in the physiotherapy group reported a subjectively perceived general improvement. Conclusions: Patients had a strong preference for physiotherapy. Both groups showed small reductions in headache frequency. Effects were superior after physiotherapy but not statistically significant. Patients with pain referred to the head responded best to a physiotherapy intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Luedtke
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences, Academic Physiotherapy, Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck (P.E.R.L), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Wiebke Starke
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tibor Maximillian Szikszay
- Department of Health Sciences, Academic Physiotherapy, Pain and Exercise Research Luebeck (P.E.R.L), University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Annika Schwarz
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne May
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Liem SIE, Vliet Vlieland TPM, Schoones JW, de Vries-Bouwstra JK. The effect and safety of exercise therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis: a systematic review. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2019; 3:rkz044. [PMID: 31858074 PMCID: PMC6913710 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the shortcomings of previous literature reviews evaluating the effect and safety of exercise therapy in SSc, we aimed to carry out a systematic review of the literature specifically on this topic. A structured search strategy was performed in Medline (via PubMed) and other electronic databases from 1990 to 3 September 2019. Randomized controlled trials, observational designs, conference abstracts and trial registrations were included if they concerned SSc patients ≥18 years of age, exercise therapy and reported outcomes related to physical functioning. Nine articles were included. Four randomized controlled trials compared (a) hand exercises, (b) orofacial exercises, (c) aerobic exercises or (d) aerobic exercises plus resistance training with no exercise, demonstrating effects on hand function (a), maximum mouth opening (b), peak oxygen uptake (c + d) and quality of life. All five observational studies concerning hand, orofacial, aerobic and/or strengthening exercises reported improvements of hand function, mouth opening, aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength. In conclusion, the evidence on the effect and safety of exercise therapy in SSc is scanty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jan W Schoones
- Walaeus Library, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Mitropoulos A, Gumber A, Crank H, Akil M, Klonizakis M. Investigating the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise on microvascular reactivity and quality of life in systemic sclerosis patients: study protocol for a feasibility study. Trials 2018; 19:647. [PMID: 30463598 PMCID: PMC6249907 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Raynaud’s phenomenon is one of the first clinical manifestations observed in systemic sclerosis (SSc). This microvasculature disorder affects mostly the digits in over 95% of SSc patients, significantly affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and incurring higher hospital admissions and other healthcare costs. Exercise is known to improve both micro- and macrovascular function – aerobic exercise and resistance training, separately or combined, have been demonstrated to lead to significant vasculo-physiological improvements in conditions that present vasculopathy. However, the effects of a combined exercise programme on microcirculation in SSc patients has yet to be investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with circuit resistance training on the microvascular function in the digital area of SSc patients. Methods This will be a randomised controlled, feasibility trial with two arms, wherein 30 patients with SSc in receipt of medical treatment will be randomly assigned to usual care (medical treatment) or to a 12-week supervised exercise programme. Patients in the exercise group will undertake two, 45-min sessions each week consisting of 30 min HIIT (30 s 100% peak power output/30 s passive recovery) on the arm crank ergometer and 15 min of upper body circuit resistance training. Patients will be assessed before as well as at 3 and 6 months following randomisation. Primary outcomes of the study will be recruitment and retention rate, intervention acceptability and adherence to the exercise programme. Secondary outcomes include the digital area cutaneous microvascular function (laser Doppler fluximetry combined with iontophoresis), physical fitness, functional ability, upper back transcutaneous oxygen tension, body composition and quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Selected interviews with a subsample of patients will be undertaken to explore their experiences of having Raynaud’s phenomenon and the acceptability of the exercise intervention and study procedures. Discussion Data from this study will be used to identify the feasibility of a combined exercise programme to be implemented in SSc patients, the acceptability of the intervention and the study design, and to determine the effects of exercise on the microvasculature. Overall, this study will provide sufficient data to inform and support a full multicentre clinical trial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number): NCT03058887, February 23, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2980-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mitropoulos
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - Anil Gumber
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Crank
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - Mohammed Akil
- Rheumatology Department, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Markos Klonizakis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
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14
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Liem SIE, Meessen JMTA, Wolterbeek R, Ajmone Marsan N, Ninaber MK, Vliet Vlieland TPM, de Vries-Bouwstra JK. Physical activity in patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:443-453. [PMID: 29151128 PMCID: PMC5847038 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-017-3879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare self-reported levels of physical activity (PA) of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with the general population. To evaluate in SSc patients factors associated with PA levels and needs and preferences regarding PA. METHODS Fifty nine SSc patients completed the Short QUestionnaire to ASsess Health-Enhancing PA. The proportion of patients meeting the Dutch Recommendation for PA (= moderate PA for 30 min on ≥ 5 days/week) and total minutes of PA per week were calculated and compared with similar data from the Dutch population. Characteristics were univariately and multivariately compared between patients with low and high PA levels (either ≤ or > mean minutes/week of the Dutch population). Needs and preferences regarding PA promotion and guidance related to exercise were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS Stratified for age (< 55 or ≥ 55 years) and gender, the proportion SSc patients meeting the Dutch recommendation for PA was not significantly different from the Dutch population. The total minutes of PA per week was significantly lower among SSc patients (1704 vs. 2614, P < 0.001). Multivariable analyses showed that in SSc patients the male gender, scleroderma health assessment questionnaire (SHAQ) and lack of energy were significantly associated with lower PA levels (P = 0.007; P = 0.042; P = 0.025). Two-third of patients required more information about PA. CONCLUSION In SSc patients, the total minutes of PA per week are significantly lower compared to the general population. The male gender, functional ability as reflected by SHAQ and lack of energy seem to interfere with PA. These results might guide health professionals in providing their patients with appropriate information on PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. I. E. Liem
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-51, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. T. A. Meessen
- Department of Orthopedics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. Wolterbeek
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N. Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - J. K. de Vries-Bouwstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-51, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Mugii N, Hamaguchi Y, Maddali-Bongi S. Clinical significance and usefulness of rehabilitation for systemic sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2018; 3:71-80. [PMID: 35382125 PMCID: PMC8892873 DOI: 10.1177/2397198317750043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a multisystem connective tissue disorder characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Impairments in skin, the musculoskeletal system, and respiratory system require rehabilitation therapy because they may lead to disabilities and reduce the quality of life in daily activities. Rehabilitation for systemic sclerosis mainly comprises two distinct approaches that include local and global rehabilitation. Local rehabilitation is applied to maintain and/or improve hand and face functions, while global rehabilitation includes aerobic and resistance exercises. Although few high-quality randomized clinical trials have been conducted to date, previous studies indicated the effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy for decreasing local and systemic disabilities, resulting in improved quality of life. Rehabilitation for systemic sclerosis needs to be regularly and constantly performed at home as well as in hospitals. Physicians involved in the treatment of systemic sclerosis need to consider rehabilitation, and skilled physiotherapists and occupational therapists also play a crucial role in evaluating and treating systemic sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Mugii
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kanazawa
University Hospital, Kanazawa - Japan
| | - Yasuhito Hamaguchi
- Department of Dermatology, School of
Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa
University, Kanazawa - Japan
| | - Susanna Maddali-Bongi
- Rheumatological Rehabilitation Unit,
Division of General Rehabilitation, Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, University of Florence, Florence - Italy
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de Oliveira NC, Portes LA, Pettersson H, Alexanderson H, Boström C. Aerobic and resistance exercise in systemic sclerosis: State of the art. Musculoskeletal Care 2017; 15:316-323. [PMID: 28378937 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced levels of physical activity. OBJECTIVE To present the current knowledge of physical exercise in SSc. RESULTS Most studies presently available [three case studies, one single subject experimental design, one study comparing patients with healthy controls, one quasi experimental design (pre-post), two clinical trials and two random controlled trials] have included small samples of patients, mostly composed of patients with and without pulmonary involvement. It seems that patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement are able to perform and benefit from aerobic exercises of at least moderate intensity. Exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, walking distance, muscle strength and muscle function as well as health-related quality of life (HRQL) have been found to be improved after participation in programmes including aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercises. Improvements seem to be only partially retained at follow up. Patients with pulmonary involvement may also experience improved muscle strength, physical and aerobic capacity, as well as HRQL following exercise. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be as physically active as the general population. Patients with mild pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be physically active by engaging in exercises of moderate intensity and to participate in moderate-load resistance exercises. Health professionals should inform patients with SSc about the importance of physical activity and avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cristina de Oliveira
- Research Group in Physical Exercise, Lifestyle and Health Promotion. Health Promotion Master Program, UNASP - Adventist University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leslie Andrews Portes
- Research Group in Physical Exercise, Lifestyle and Health Promotion. Health Promotion Master Program, UNASP - Adventist University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrik Pettersson
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and, Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, and, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Alexanderson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, and, Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Boström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, and, Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Physical activity and autoimmune diseases: Get moving and manage the disease. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 17:53-72. [PMID: 29108826 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity, by definition, is any skeletal muscle body movement that results in energy expenditure. In the last few decades, a plethora of scientific evidences have accumulated and confirmed the beneficial role of physical activity as a modifiable risk factor for a wide variety of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes mellitus and cancer, among others. Autoimmune diseases are a heterogeneous group of chronic diseases, which occur secondary to loss of self-antigen tolerance. With the advent of biological therapies, better outcomes have recently been noted in the management of autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, recent research highlights the salient role of modifiable behaviors such as physical inactivity on various aspects of the immune system and autoimmune diseases. Physical activity leads to a significant elevation in T-regulatory cells, decreased immunoglobulin secretion and produces a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance to a decreased Th1 cell production. Moreover, physical activity has been proven to promote the release of IL-6 from muscles. IL-6 released from muscles functions as a myokine and has been shown to induce an anti-inflammatory response through IL-10 secretion and IL-1β inhibition. Physical activity has been shown to be safe in most of autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as well as others. Additionally, the incidence of RA, MS, IBD and psoriasis has been found to be higher in patients less engaged in physical activity. As a general trend, patients with autoimmune diseases tend to be less physically active as compared to the general population. Physically active RA patients were found to have a milder disease course, better cardiovascular disease (CVD) profile, and improved joint mobility. Physical activity decreases fatigue, enhances mood, cognitive abilities and mobility in patients with MS. In SLE patients, enhanced quality of life and better CVD profile were documented in more physically active patients. Physically active patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus have a decreased risk of autonomic neuropathy and CVD. Both fibromyalgia and systemic sclerosis patients report decreased disease severity, pain, as well as better quality of life with more physical activity. Further, SSc patients improve their grip strength, finger stretching and mouth opening with increased level of exercise. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical evidence regarding the safety, barriers to engagement, and impact of physical activity on autoimmune diseases.
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The relevance of applying exercise training principles when designing therapeutic interventions for patients with inflammatory myopathies: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35:1641-54. [PMID: 26271469 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise seems to be a safe and effective intervention in patients with inflammatory myopathy (IM). However, the optimal training intervention is not clear. To achieve an optimum training effect, physical exercise training principles must be considered and to replicate research findings, FITT components (frequency, intensity, time, and type) of exercise training should be reported. This review aims to evaluate exercise interventions in studies with IM patients in relation to (1) the application of principles of exercise training, (2) the reporting of FITT components, (3) the adherence of participants to the intervention, and (4) to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The literature was searched for exercise studies in IM patients. Data were extracted to evaluate the application of the training principles, the reporting of and the adherence to the exercise prescription. The Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality of the included studies. From the 14 included studies, four focused on resistance, two on endurance, and eight on combined training. In terms of principles of exercise training, 93 % reported specificity, 50 % progression and overload, and 79 % initial values. Reversibility and diminishing returns were never reported. Six articles reported all FITT components in the prescription of the training though no study described adherence to all of these components. Incomplete application of the exercise training principles and insufficient reporting of the exercise intervention prescribed and completed hamper the reproducibility of the intervention and the ability to determine the optimal dose of exercise.
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19
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Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 11:86-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ferraz RB, Gualano B, Filho CM, Almeida MG, Perandini LA, Dassouki T, Sá-Pinto AL, Lima FR, Roschel H. Safety and feasibility of maximal physical testing in rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study with 5,910 assessments. Rheumatol Int 2014; 35:1027-36. [PMID: 25373541 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-014-3169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to report on the safety and feasibility of the application of maximal physical tests in a heterogeneous cohort of rheumatic patients. This is a 5-year retrospective descriptive report on the incidence of events associated with maximal physical testing from 536 patients, totalizing 5,910 tests. Tests were classified as cardiopulmonary, muscle strength, and physical functioning tests. Any adverse events during the tests and limiting factors incurring in tests cancellation were reported. Eighteen out of 641 cardiopulmonary exercise tests had an adverse occurrence, with cardiac disturbance (1.4% of total tests) being the most prevalent. Moreover, 14 out of 641 tests were not feasible. Out of 3,478 tests comprising leg press, bench press, knee extension, and handgrip tests, 15 tests had an adverse event. The most common occurrence was joint pain (0.4% of total tests), which was also the most frequent factor precluding testing (0.5% of total tests). Forty-five out of 3,478 (1.3%) of the tests were not feasible. There was a very low incidence of events (0.2%) during the physical functioning tests. Joint pain was the only adverse event during the tests, whereas physical limitations were the most important barriers for the execution of the tests (1.1% of total tests). The incidence of limiting events in this test was 1.6% (n = 29). This report brings new data on the safety and feasibility of maximal physical testing in rheumatic patients. The physical tests described in this study may be applied for testing rheumatic patients both in research and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Branco Ferraz
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 3° andar - sala 3131 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
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