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Tsai LP, Luo DZ, Chan H, Hung WC, Lai WS, Min MY, Wong SB. Implication of locus coeruleus dysfunction in Prader-Willi syndrome: Insights from a mouse model. Exp Neurol 2024; 381:114927. [PMID: 39159912 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystemic disorder. Notably, many characteristic symptoms of PWS are correlated with locus coeruleus norepinephrine system (LC-NE) dysfunction, including impairment in arousal, learning, pain modulation, and stress-induced negative affective states. Although electrophysiological experiments in necdin-deficient mice, an established PWS animal model, have revealed decreased spontaneous neuronal firing activity in the LC and impaired excitability, the behavioral phenotypes related to LC-NE dysfunction remain unexplored. In this study, heterozygous necdin-deficient mice (B6.Cg-Ndntm1ky) were bred from wild-type (WT) females to generate WT (+m/+p) and heterozygous (+m/-p) animals. Compared to WT mice, Ndn + m/-p mice demonstrated impaired visual-spatial memory in the Y-maze test, reduced social interaction, impaired sexual recognition, and shorter falling latency on the Rotarod. Using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM), we observed similar locomotion activity of Ndn + m/-p and WT mice, but Ndn + m/-p mice were less anxious. After acute restraint, Ndn + m/-p mice exhibited significant impairment in stress-induced anxiety. Additionally, the plasma norepinephrine surge following exposure to acute restraint stress was also impaired. Pretreatment with atomoxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor aimed to enhance LC function, restored Ndn + m/-p mice to exhibit a normal response to acute restraint stress. Furthermore, by employing chemogenetic approaches to facilitate LC neuronal firing, post-stress anxious responses were also partially rescued in Ndn + m/-p mice. These data strongly suggest that LC dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-related neuropsychiatric symptoms in PWS. Manipulation of LC activity may hold therapeutic potential for patients with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 100027, Taiwan
| | - Da-Zhong Luo
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Min
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bing Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan.
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2
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Rosenberg AGW, Wellink CM, Tellez Garcia JM, Pellikaan K, Van Abswoude DH, Davidse K, Van Zutven LJCM, Brüggenwirth HT, Resnick JL, Van der Lely AJ, De Graaff LCG. Health Problems in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome of Different Genetic Subtypes: Cohort Study, Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144033. [PMID: 35887798 PMCID: PMC9323859 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader−Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, rare genetic disorder caused by a loss of expression of paternally expressed genes on chromosome 15q11.2-q13. The most common underlying genotypes are paternal deletion (DEL) and maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD). DELs can be subdivided into type 1 (DEL-1) and (smaller) type 2 deletions (DEL-2). Most research has focused on behavioral, cognitive and psychological differences between the different genotypes. However, little is known about physical health problems in relation to genetic subtypes. In this cross-sectional study, we compare physical health problems and other clinical features among adults with PWS caused by DEL (N = 65, 12 DEL-1, 27 DEL-2) and mUPD (N = 65). A meta-analysis, including our own data, showed that BMI was 2.79 kg/m2 higher in adults with a DEL (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences between DEL-1 and DEL-2. Scoliosis was more prevalent among adults with a DEL (80% vs. 58%; p = 0.04). Psychotic episodes were more prevalent among adults with an mUPD (44% vs. 9%; p < 0.001). In conclusion, there were no significant differences in physical health outcomes between the genetic subtypes, apart from scoliosis and BMI. The differences in health problems, therefore, mainly apply to the psychological domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. W. Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Wellink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
| | - Juan M. Tellez Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
| | - Karlijn Pellikaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise H. Van Abswoude
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Davidse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. C. M. Van Zutven
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.M.V.Z.); (H.T.B.)
| | - Hennie T. Brüggenwirth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (L.J.C.M.V.Z.); (H.T.B.)
| | - James L. Resnick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Aart J. Van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
- ENDO-ERN, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions
| | - Laura C. G. De Graaff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.G.W.R.); (C.M.W.); (J.M.T.G.); (K.P.); (D.H.V.A.); (K.D.); (A.J.V.d.L.)
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader–Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Growth Disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENDO-ERN, European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-618-843-010
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Zorn S, von Schnurbein J, Schirmer M, Brandt S, Wabitsch M. Measuring hyperphagia in patients with monogenic and syndromic obesity. Appetite 2022; 178:106161. [PMID: 35809703 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperphagia is a key symptom in patients with monogenic obesity, but the assessment is challenging. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the applicability of Dykens' Hyperphagia Questionnaire in patients with monogenic and syndromic obesity to assess the quality and severity of hyperphagia, and to compare our results with those reported in the literature. METHODS Patients with biallelic leptin receptor variants (LEPR, n = 8), heterozygous melanocortin-4 receptor variants (MC4R, n = 7) and 16p11.2 deletions, leading to a deletion of the Src homology 2B adaptor protein gene (n = 5) were included in the study. Hyperphagia was assessed by the parent-based, 13-item hyperphagia questionnaire from Dykens et al. (2007). A literature research was performed to identify published hyperphagia scores assessed by Dykens' Hyperphagia Questionnaire. RESULTS The total hyperphagia scores were similar in patients with biallelic LEPR and monoallelic MC4R variants (32.0 ± 9.3 vs. 31.4 ± 5.4), but significantly lower in patients with 16p11.2 deletions (21.4 ± 5.5, p < 0.05). Compared to patients with syndromic obesity (27.6 ± 9.0) from the literature, patients with LEPR and MC4R variants had higher total hyperphagia scores. Total hyperphagia scores in patients with 16p11.2 deletions were lower than for patients with other syndromic obesity forms (21.4 ± 5.5 vs. 24.6 ± 8.1), but similar to those for individuals with obesity without a genetic cause (22.9 ± 7.2). CONCLUSIONS Dykens' Hyperphagia Questionnaire seems to be a useful tool to assess hyperphagic behaviour in patients with monogenic and syndromic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Zorn
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Schirmer
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Brandt
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
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Saima S, Ihara H, Ogata H, Gito M, Murakami N, Oto Y, Ishii A, Takahashi A, Nagai T. Relationship Between Sensory Processing and Autism Spectrum Disorder-Like Behaviors in Prader-Willi Syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 127:249-263. [PMID: 35443050 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between sensory processing and ASD-like and associated behaviors in patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) remains relatively unexplored. Examining this relationship, 51 adults with PWS were administered the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS), Short Sensory Profile (SSP-J), Food-Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), and Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC-J). Based on SSP-J z-scores, participants were classified into three severity groups. Analysis of variance was performed to compare the behavioral scores of these three groups. Statistically significant group differences were observed in PARS (p = .006, ηp2 = .194) and ABC-J (p = .006, ηp2 = .193) scores. Our findings suggest that the level of sensory processing may predict ASD-like and aberrant behaviors in adults with PWS, implying the importance of a proper assessment for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Saima
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ihara
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masao Gito
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakami
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuji Oto
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishii
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Asami Takahashi
- Sohei Saima, Hiroshi Ihara, Hiroyuki Ogata, Masao Gito, Nobuyuki Murakami, Yuji Oto, Atsushi Ishii, and Asami Takahashi, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Japan
| | - Toshiro Nagai
- Toshiro Nagai, Nakagawanosato Ryoiku Center, Japan. Sohei Saima and Hiroshi Ihara contributed equally to this article
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5
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Licenziati MR, Bacchini D, Crinò A, Grugni G, Fintini D, Osimani S, Ragusa L, Sacco M, Iughetti L, De Sanctis L, Franzese A, Wasniewska MG, Faienza MF, Delvecchio M, Esposito C, Valerio G. The Hyperphagia Questionnaire: Insights From a Multicentric Validation Study in Individuals With Prader Willi Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:829486. [PMID: 35237541 PMCID: PMC8884358 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.829486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to validate the Italian version of the Hyperphagia Questionnaire (HQ), a 11-items questionnaire developed to assess hyperphagia in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). This is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by endocrine dysfunction, hypotonia, intellectual disability, psychiatric disorders and obesity. METHODS Parents of 219 individuals with PWS (age range 3-54 years; Mage = 17.90; 108 Males), recruited in 12 hospitals in Italy responded to HQ during routine visits. In function of the level of analyses the sample was divided into two subgroups (<18> years) or into four age-subgroups (2.5-4.5; 4.5-8; 8-18; >18 years) corresponding to different clinical stages. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the three hyperphagic subdimensions of the original structure (behavior, drive, and severity), but one item was dropped out, reducing the final version to 10 items. Using multi-group CFA, HQ showed satisfactory indexes of measurement invariance by age. Good indexes of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega coefficients) were found for each subdimension. The three hyperphagia subdimensions positively converged with other food-related measures: emotional overeating, food enjoyment, food responsiveness, and satiety responsiveness. A significant increase of all hyperphagic subdimensions was found across age groups. Higher hyperphagic levels were found in participants with higher body mass index. Hyperphagic drive differently increased in function of the interaction between age and underlying genetic mechanisms. CONCLUSION The Italian version of the HQ is a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument for assessing hyperphagia in individuals with PWS. This tool may prove useful to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacologic and rehabilitative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Childrens Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, Research Institute, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Department of Auxology, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, Research Institute, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Osimani
- Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Sacco
- Pediatric Unit Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luisa De Sanctis
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Traslational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delvecchio
- Metabolic Disorders and Genetics Unit, “Giovanni XXIII” Children's Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Esposito
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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6
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Downs J, Blackmore AM, Chen W, Nixon GM, Choong CS. Strengths and challenging behaviors in children and adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome: Two sides to the coin. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1488-1496. [PMID: 35092339 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with emotional/behavioral disturbances. These difficulties are well documented in the literature, but the positive attributes of these individuals are not described. Taking a strengths-based approach, the aim of this study was to describe the emotional/behavioral strengths and difficulties in children and young people with PWS from their parent caregivers' perspectives. Parent caregivers of 52 individuals with PWS aged 4-24 years (median = 12.1 years; including 22 males) completed the parent form of the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC-P), including its original two open-ended questions regarding positive traits. Prevalences of emotional/behavioral disturbances were comparable to those reported in previous literature: common behaviors of concern across studies being skin-picking (75%), impulsivity (69%), poor sense of danger (67%), lying (67%), and tantrums (54%). Total DBC-P scores showed that just over half (n = 28, 54%) had scores indicative of clinically significant behavior problems. However, thematic analysis of caregivers' written comments regarding their children's strengths resolved into three themes: warmth (94%), persistence (41%), and skills (41%). Warmth encompassed friendliness, happiness, and empathy. A strength-based approach to behavioral difficulties in PWS provides a more balanced view of the children and a more holistic foundation for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Downs
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Marie Blackmore
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wai Chen
- Youth Mental Health, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Gillian M Nixon
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine S Choong
- Department of Endocrinology, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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7
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Bellis SA, Kuhn I, Adams S, Mullarkey L, Holland A. The consequences of hyperphagia in people with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A systematic review of studies of morbidity and mortality. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 65:104379. [PMID: 34748997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a multi-system genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder and the commonest cause of syndromal obesity. The development of hyperphagia in early childhood is part of the phenotype arising as a result of an impaired neural response to food intake and the inability to regulate food intake in line with energy needs. Severe obesity develops if access to food is not controlled. In this review we evaluate the evidence for increased morbidity and mortality in PWS in order to establish the extent to which it is directly related to the obesity; a consequence of the eating behaviour itself independent of obesity; or associated with other characteristics of the syndrome. Medline, Cochrane, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to systematically identify published material on PWS and hyperphagia and syndrome-related morbidity and mortality. One hundred and ten key papers were selected. Data on 500 people with PWS indicated that the average age of death was 21 years and obesity was, as expected, a significant factor. However, the behaviour of hyperphagia itself, independent of obesity, was also important, associated with choking, gastric rupture, and/or respiratory illness. Other syndrome-related factors increased the risk for, and seriousness of, co-morbid illness or accidents. We conclude that improving life-expectancy largely depends on managing the immediate non-obesity and obesity-related consequences of the hyperphagia, through improved support. The development of new treatments that significantly reduce the drive to eat are likely to decrease morbidity and mortality improving quality of life and life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bellis
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK.
| | - I Kuhn
- University of Cambridge Medical Library, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - S Adams
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - L Mullarkey
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - A Holland
- Cambridge Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Hirsch HJ, Benarroch F, Genstil L, Pollak Y, Derei D, Forer D, Mastey Ben-Yehuda H, Gross-Tsur V. Long-term weight control in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome living in residential hostels. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1175-1181. [PMID: 33543526 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphagia leading to severe obesity with increased morbidity and mortality is the major manifestation of Prader-Willi syndrome. Caring for these individuals in a home environment is challenging and stressful for caregivers and families. Residential hostels specifically for PWS adults offer programs of diet, exercise, and vocational opportunities, but long-term effects of PWS hostel living have not been reported. We studied long-term changes in body mass index (BMI) for PWS adults living in residential hostels compared with age-matched controls living with families at home. The study included all 34 individuals (18 men) aged >17 years with genetically confirmed PWS living in residential hostels. BMI was recorded at the time of yearly clinic visits and compared to 23 PWS adults (10 men) living at home. BMI on entering the hostel was 36.3 ± 11.0 kg/m2 and decreased to 27.0 ± 5.6 kg/m2 (p < 0.001) after 6.9 ± 3.9 years. For 21 residents, a slight rise of BMI to 28.8 kg/m2 was observed 5.1 ± 2.5 years after the lowest value was achieved. BMI of 23 PWS adults at home was 36.8 ± 12.7 kg/m2 versus 27.9 ± 7.1 kg/m2 for hostel residents in the same age range (p = 0.008). From 2008 to 2019, there were five deaths among PWS individuals aged 18-40 years living at home, compared with one death (a 43-year-old man) among hostel residents. Adults with PWS living in hostels lose weight, maintain BMI values in a normal to mildly overweight range, and have lower mortality in contrast to individuals in a family home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry J Hirsch
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fortu Benarroch
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Larry Genstil
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehuda Pollak
- Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dvorit Derei
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dorit Forer
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadassa Mastey Ben-Yehuda
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Varda Gross-Tsur
- Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi syndrome clinic, Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Wu RN, Hung WC, Chen CT, Tsai LP, Lai WS, Min MY, Wong SB. Firing activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons decreases in necdin-deficient mice, an animal model of Prader-Willi syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:21. [PMID: 32727346 PMCID: PMC7389383 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple respiratory, cognitive, endocrine, and behavioral symptoms, such as central apnea, intellectual disabilities, exaggerated stress responses, and temper tantrums. The locus coeruleus noradrenergic system (LC-NE) modulates a diverse range of behaviors, including arousal, learning, pain modulation, and stress-induced negative affective states, which are possibly correlated with the pathogenesis of PWS phenotypes. Therefore, we evaluated the LC-NE neuronal activity of necdin-deficient mice, an animal model of PWS. METHODS Heterozygous necdin-deficient mice (B6.Cg-Ndntm1ky) were bred from wild-type (WT) females to generate WT (+m/+p) and heterozygotes (+m/-p) animals, which were examined of LC-NE neuronal activity, developmental reflexes, and plethysmography. RESULTS On slice electrophysiology, LC-NE neurons of Ndntm1ky mice with necdin deficiency showed significantly decreased spontaneous activities and impaired excitability, which was mediated by enhanced A-type voltage-dependent potassium currents. Ndntm1ky mice also exhibited the neonatal phenotypes of PWS, such as hypotonia and blunt respiratory responses to hypercapnia. CONCLUSIONS LC-NE neuronal firing activity decreased in necdin-deficient mice, suggesting that LC, the primary source of norepinephrine in the central nervous system, is possibly involved in PWS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ni Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jiangguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tsuey Chen
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jiangguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec 3, Jhongyang Rd, Hualien, 97071, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yuan Min
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bing Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jiangguo Rd, Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec 3, Jhongyang Rd, Hualien, 97071, Taiwan.
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10
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Wang TS, Tsai WH, Tsai LP, Wong SB. Clinical characteristics and epilepsy in genomic imprinting disorders: Angelman syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:137-144. [PMID: 32269945 PMCID: PMC7137370 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_103_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) and Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) are considered sister imprinting disorders. Although both AS and PWS congenital neurodevelopmental disorders have chromosome 15q11.3-q13 dysfunction, their molecular mechanisms differ owing to genomic imprinting, which results in different parent-of-the-origin gene expressions. Recently, several randomized controlled trials have been proceeded to treat specific symptoms of AS and PWS. Due to the advance of clinical management, early diagnosis for patients with AS and PWS is important. PWS is induced by multiple paternal gene dysfunctions, including those in MKRN3, MAGEL2, NDN, SNURF-SNPRPN, NPAP1, and a cluster of small nucleolar RNA genes. PWS patients exhibit characteristic facial features, endocrinological, and behavioral phenotypes, including short and obese figures, hyperphagia, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, autism, or obsessive– compulsive-like behaviors. In addition, hypotonia, poor feeding, failure to thrive, and typical facial features are major factors for early diagnosis of PWS. For PWS patients, epilepsy is not common and easy to treat. Conversely, AS is a single-gene disorder induced by ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A dysfunction, which only expresses from a maternal allele. AS patients develop epilepsy in their early lives and their seizures are difficult to control. The distinctive gait pattern, excessive laughter, and characteristic electroencephalography features, which contain anterior-dominated, high-voltage triphasic delta waves intermixed with epileptic spikes, result in early suspicion of AS. Often, polytherapy, including the combination of valproate, levetiracetam, lamotrigine, and benzodiazepines, is required for controlling seizures of AS patients. Notably, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and vigabatrin should be avoided, since these may induce nonconvulsive status epilepticus. AS and PWS presented with distinct clinical manifestations according to specific molecular defects due to genomic imprinting. Early diagnosis and teamwork intervention, including geneticists, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians, and pulmonologists, are important. Epilepsy is common in patients with AS, and after proper treatment, seizures could be effectively controlled in late childhood or early adulthood for both AS and PWS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Shi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Bing Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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11
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Krefft M, Frydecka D, Śmigiel R, Misiak B. Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome and DiGeorge Syndrome with Respect to Psychopathological Manifestation. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:457-463. [PMID: 32103966 PMCID: PMC7027883 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s236034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to compare the metabolic parameters in two genetic syndromes with a proven high risk of developing psychiatric comorbidities. These comorbidities, especially mood and psychotic disorders, may be associated with a risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes and other components of metabolic syndrome regardless of antipsychotic treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two groups of children diagnosed with Prader - Willi syndrome (PWS) (n = 20) and DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) (n = 18), aged 7-18 years, were enrolled. Behavioral symptoms and co-occurring psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The levels of following biochemical parameters were measured: glucose, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol. Additionally, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. RESULTS There were significantly higher levels of insulin and non-HDL in patients with PWS compared to those with DGS. The scores of four CBCL subscales (social problems, thought problems, delinquent behavior and aggressive behavior) were significantly higher in PWS patients. Higher scores of the CBCL-thought problems were associated with significantly higher levels of insulin as well as HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Patients with PWS seem to be more prone to develop subclinical metabolic dysregulation, in terms of elevated non-HDL levels and insulin levels, compared to DGS patients. Altered insulin sensitivity, present in both groups, even though it is not a specific risk factor, might be related to thought problems associated with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Krefft
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics and Rare Disorders, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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12
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Munné-Miralvés C, Brunet-Llobet L, Cahuana-Cárdenas A, Torné-Durán S, Miranda-Rius J, Rivera-Baró A. Oral disorders in children with Prader-Willi syndrome: a case control study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:43. [PMID: 32041633 PMCID: PMC7011482 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-1326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of expression of certain paternal genes located on chromosome 15q11-q13. This anomaly causes cognitive, neurological and endocrine abnormalities, among which one of the most important is hyperphagia. The aim of this study was to assess the oral health of children with PWA and to establish preventive criteria. RESULTS Thirty patients with PWS (mean age 10.2 years) and 30 age- and gender-matched controls were included in the study. Twenty-six patients with PWS(86.6%) followed dietary treatment prescribed by their endocrinologist. Individuals with PWS had a mean caries index of 53.3% and Decayed Missing Filled teeth (DMFT) index 2.5, and 53.3% had gingivitis, in the control group the respective figures were 43.3%, 0.93, and 60%. Only the DMFT index (p 0.017) presented significant differences. Regarding stimulated salivary secretion, patients with PWS presented a mean of 0.475 ml/min with a pH of 6.15, while controls presented a mean of 0.848 ml/min with a pH of 7.53; the differences between the groups were statistically significant in both cases (p 0.032 and p 0.0001 respectively). The population with PWS presented a higher plaque index (> 2) than their healthy peers, but the differences were not significant. CONCLUSION Pediatric patients with Prader-Willi syndrome have an increased risk of caries and gingivitis. The children with this syndrome have a decreased salivary flow and a more acidic salivary pH. In these patients, dental care is an essential part of their multidisciplinary medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Munné-Miralvés
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-Llobet
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Abel Cahuana-Cárdenas
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Torné-Durán
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Odontostomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivera-Baró
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Dentistry, Clinical Orthodontics and Periodontal Medicine Research Group (HDCORPEMrg), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes our current knowledge on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glucose metabolism alterations in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), the most common syndromic cause of obesity, and serves as a guide for future research and current best practice. RECENT FINDINGS Diabetes occurs in 10-25% of PWS patients, usually in adulthood. Severe obesity is a significant risk factor for developing of T2DM in PWS. Paradoxically, despite severe obesity, a relative hypoinsulinemia, without the expected insulin resistance, is frequently observed in PWS. The majority of PWS subjects with T2DM are asymptomatic and diabetes-related complications are infrequent. Long-term growth hormone therapy does not adversely influence glucose homeostasis in all ages, if weight gain does not occur. Early intervention to prevent obesity and the regular monitoring of glucose levels are recommended in PWS subjects. However, further studies are required to better understand the physiopathological mechanisms of T2DM in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Crinò
- Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Research Institute, Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Palidoro, Rome, Italy.
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Research Institute, Italian Auxological Institute, Verbania, Italy
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14
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Debladis J, Valette M, Strenilkov K, Mantoulan C, Thuilleaux D, Laurier V, Molinas C, Barone P, Tauber M. Face processing and exploration of social signals in Prader-Willi syndrome: a genetic signature. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:262. [PMID: 31730500 PMCID: PMC6858697 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Faces are critical social cues that must be perfectly processed in order to engage appropriately in everyday social interactions. In Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by cognitive and behavioural difficulties including autism spectrum disorder, the literature referring to face processing is sparse. Given reports of poor social interactions in individuals with PWS, we sought to assess their face and emotion recognition skills during eyetracking recordings. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with PWS performed more poorly on face/emotion recognition. We observed atypical facial exploration by patients with maternal disomy. These patients looked preferentially at the mouth region, whereas patients with a deletion and controls were more attracted to the eye region. During social scenes, the exploration became more atypical as the social content increased. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive study brings new insights into the face processing of patients with PWS. Atypical facial exploration was only displayed by patients with the maternal disomy subtype, corresponding to their higher rate of autism spectrum disorder. This finding strongly argues in favor of early identification of this genetic subgroup in order to optimize care by implementing tailored interventions for each patient as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Debladis
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. .,Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), CNRS, Purpan Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France. .,Cerveau & Cognition, CNRS UMR 5549, Pavillon Baudot, CHU Purpan, BP 25202, 31052, Toulouse Cedex, France.
| | - Marion Valette
- Prader-Willi Syndrome Reference Center, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carine Mantoulan
- Prader-Willi Syndrome Reference Center, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Molinas
- Prader-Willi Syndrome Reference Center, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Barone
- Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Brain & Cognition Research Center (CerCo), CNRS, Purpan Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Maïthé Tauber
- Prader-Willi Syndrome Reference Center, Children's Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse-Purpan Physiopathology Center, INSERM, Toulouse, France
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15
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Salehi P, Herzig L, Capone G, Lu A, Oron AP, Kim SJ. Comparison of Aberrant Behavior Checklist profiles across Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2751-2759. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Salehi
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Endocrine; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
| | - Lisa Herzig
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Developmental Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
| | - George Capone
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Amanda Lu
- Seattle Children's Hospital; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
| | - Assaf P. Oron
- Epidemiology Section; Institute for Disease Modeling; Bellevue Washington
| | - Soo-Jeong Kim
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Psychiatry; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
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16
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Autistic, Aberrant, and Food-Related Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome: The Effects of Age and Genotype. Behav Neurol 2018; 2017:4615451. [PMID: 29440778 PMCID: PMC5758853 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4615451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of age and genotype were examined, with regard to the severity of aberrant, autistic, and food-related behaviors in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), with an emphasis on the contrast between adolescents and young adults. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist Japanese version (ABC-J), the Food Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS) were administered to 65 PWS patients, including 20 adolescents (ages 12 to 17) and 45 young adults (ages 18 to 29). Significant differences (Mann-Whitney U tests) were found in ABC-J (p = 0.004) and PARS (p = 0.021), with lower scores in adolescents than in young adults. While DEL subgroups showed no significant differences between the two age groups in ABC-J (p = 0.063) and PARS (p = 0.134), mUPD subgroups showed a statistically significant difference in terms of ABC-J (p = 0.007). No significant differences were found between adolescents and young adults, in terms of FRPQ (p = 0.163). These results suggest that aberrant and autistic behaviors follow a marked worsening trend from around the age of 18. On the other hand, food-related behaviors give no sign of change at this transitory stage. Young adults with mUPD were found to be significantly more severe than adolescents with mUPD, in terms of aberrant behaviors.
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17
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Ogata H, Ihara H, Gito M, Sayama M, Murakami N, Ayabe T, Oto Y, Nagai T, Shimoda K. Aberrant, autistic, and food-related behaviors in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome. The comparison between young adults and adults. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 73:126-134. [PMID: 29324255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the differences of age as well as genotype in regards to the severity of behavioral symptoms in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), with emphasis on the comparison between youngadults and adults.The Food Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Japanese Version (ABC-J), and the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale (PARS) were administered to 46 PWS patients, including 33 young adults (ages 18-28) and 13 adults(ages 30-45). To examine the differences between young adults and adults, Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted. Statistically significant differences were found in ABC-J (p = .027) and PARS (p = .046), with higher scores in young adults than adults. Such differences between the two age groups were still true for the subgroups having a paternal chromosome 15q deletion (DEL) for ABC-J (p = .050) and part of PARS ("Problematic behavior"; p = .007). By contrast, there was no significant differences between young adults and adults regarding FRPQ (p = .65).These results suggest that aberrant behaviors decline from around the ages of thirty, in PWS patients in general and in DEL subgroups in particular, while food-related behaviors give no indication of diminishing in spite of developmental growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ogata
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Masao Gito
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Ikezawa Hospital, Hanyu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Murakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ayabe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Oto
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kazutaka Shimoda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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18
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Thuilleaux D, Laurier V, Copet P, Tricot J, Demeer G, Mourre F, Tauber M, Jauregi J. A model to characterize psychopathological features in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:41-47. [PMID: 29150898 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
High prevalence of behavioral and psychiatric disorders in adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) has been reported in last few years. However, data are confusing and often contradictory. In this article, we propose a model to achieve a better understanding of the psychopathological features in adults with PWS. The study is based on clinical observations of 150 adult inpatients, males and females. Non-parametric statistics were performed to analyse the association of psychopathological profiles with genotype, gender and age. We propose a model of psychiatric disorders in adults with PWS based on cognitive, emotional and behavioural issues. This model defines four psychopathological profiles: Basic, Impulsive, Compulsive, and Psychotic. The Basic profile is defined by traits and symptoms that are present in varying degrees in all persons with PWS. In our cohort, this Basic profile corresponds to 55% of the patients. The rest show, in addition to these characteristics, salient features of impulsivity (Impulsive profile, 19%), compulsivity (Compulsive profile, 7%), or psychosis (Psychotic profile, 19%). The analysis of factors associated with different profiles reveals an effect of genotype on Basic and Psychotic profiles (Deletion: 70% Basic, 9% Psychotic; Non-deletion: 23% Basic, 43% Psychotic) and a positive correlation between male sex and impulsivity, unmediated by sex hormone treatment. This is a clinical study, based on observation proposing an original model to understand the psychiatric and behavioural disorders in adults with PWS. Further studies are needed in order to test the validity of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Thuilleaux
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital Marin, APHP, Hendaye, France
| | - Virginie Laurier
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital Marin, APHP, Hendaye, France
| | - Pierre Copet
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital Marin, APHP, Hendaye, France
| | - Julie Tricot
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital Marin, APHP, Hendaye, France
| | - Geneviève Demeer
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital Marin, APHP, Hendaye, France
| | - Fabien Mourre
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital Marin, APHP, Hendaye, France
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Centre de Référence Prader-Willi, Hôpital des enfants, CHU Purpan,, Toulouse, France
| | - Joseba Jauregi
- Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-University of the Basque Country, Psychobiology, Donostia, Spain
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Singh NN, Lancioni GE, Myers RE, Karazsia BT, Courtney TM, Nugent K. A mindfulness-based intervention for self-management of verbal and physical aggression by adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Dev Neurorehabil 2017; 20:253-260. [PMID: 27019027 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2016.1141436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a dearth of clinical and research literature on the treatment of maladaptive behaviors in adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention, Meditation on the Soles of the Feet (SoF), to facilitate self-management of verbal and physical aggression. METHOD We utilized a multiple-baseline design across participants to test the intervention with three adolescents diagnosed with PWS. RESULTS Relative to baseline, verbal aggression decreased to minimal levels following mindfulness-based practice and physical aggression was nearly eliminated. Intervention effects were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Quantitative analytics confirmed statistically significant outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The SoF mindfulness intervention was effective in reducing verbal and physical aggression in three adolescents with PWS. Future research should test the SoF intervention with this clinical population in a larger clinical trial, and the SoF intervention may be applicable to other pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirbhay N Singh
- a Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University , Augusta , GA , USA
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Dobrescu AI, Chirita-Emandi A, Andreescu N, Farcas S, Puiu M. Does the Genetic Cause of Prader-Willi Syndrome Explain the Highly Variable Phenotype? MAEDICA 2016; 11:191-197. [PMID: 28694852 PMCID: PMC5486159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by extensive clinical and genetic variability caused by lack of expression of imprinted genes of the chromosomal region 15q11.2-q13. The genotye-phenotype correlation has not been yet fully elucidated. AIM To analyze these correlations in order to determine the role of specifi c geneic alterations in the development of clinical symptoms in PWS. MATERIAL AND METHOD We retrospectively analyzed data routinely collected as part of the clinical care of 52 patients with clinical suspicion of PWS. FISH test was performed in all patients; in case of negative results, methylation test was performed. RESULT PWS was confi rmed in 35 patients that were divided in two groups according to the genetic cause of PWS: group A-21 patients with 15q11-q13 region deletion, mean age at evaluation 8.1 years (SD= 5.6) and mean of clinical score 9.4 ± 1.8; group B-14 patients with positive methylation test, with mean age at evaluation 6.7 years (SD= 4.6) and mean of clinical score 10.1 ± 1.9. Facial dysmorphism and neonatal hypotonia were present in all evaluated patients; while, higher frequency of major and minor PWS criteria were noted in the group A. Onset of hyperphagia, was around the age of 2 years in most patients, however one patient from group B had normal eating behavior and normal weight beyond age 5 years. CONCLUSION In our study, the various genotypes did not seem to explain the diff erence in phenotype in PWS patients. We found a delayed time until diagnosis in these patients, although all had neonatal hypotonia and other suggestive phenotypic features, underlining once more the need for increased awareness of this syndrome, as well as easier accessibility to genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Iulia Dobrescu
- Department of Genetics, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Department of Genetics, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Andreescu
- Department of Genetics, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Farcas
- Department of Genetics, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Department of Genetics, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania
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Sonnengrün L, Schober C, Vogel M, Hiemisch A, Döhnert M, Hilbert A, Kiess W. Feeding, eating and behavioral disturbances in Prader-Willi syndrome and non-syndromal obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:923-32. [PMID: 27331306 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are obese, little is known about the impact of obesity-related psychosocial factors in PWS. In the present study we compared feeding, eating, and behavioral disturbances in children and adolescents with PWS, peers with non-syndromal obesity, and normal weight controls. METHODS Twelve persons with PWS, aged 7-22 years, age- and gender-matched obese and normal weight individuals were analyzed regarding parental feeding practices, eating disturbances, and behavioral problems via standardized questionnaires. RESULTS Parents of individuals with PWS reported significantly more restrictive feeding and monitoring than did parents of obese or normal weight children without PWS (p<0.05). Social problems were more common in the obese and the PWS group than in the normal-weight group (p<0.05). Behavioral problems were significantly correlated with parental restrictive feeding practices. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that children and adolescents with PWS are affected by psychosocial problems, and that restrictive feeding practices might be associated with more severe behavioral problems. Further studies in larger samples will be necessary to replicate these results and possibly provide new therapeutic approaches for the management of PWS.
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Salles J, Strelnikov K, Carine M, Denise T, Laurier V, Molinas C, Tauber M, Barone P. Deficits in voice and multisensory processing in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. Neuropsychologia 2016; 85:137-47. [PMID: 26994593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental and genetic disorder that is characterized by various expression of endocrine, cognitive and behavioral problems, among which a true obsession for food and a deficit of satiety that leads to hyperphagia and severe obesity. Neuropsychological studies have reported that PWS display altered social interactions with a specific weakness in interpreting social information and in responding to them, a symptom closed to that observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Based on the hypothesis that atypical multisensory integration such as face and voice interactions would contribute in PWS to social impairment we investigate the abilities of PWS to process communication signals including the human voice. Patients with PWS recruited from the national reference center for PWS performed a simple detection task of stimuli presented in an uni-o or bimodal condition, as well as a voice discrimination task. Compared to control typically developing (TD) individuals, PWS present a specific deficit in discriminating human voices from environmental sounds. Further, PWS present a much lower multisensory benefits with an absence of violation of the race model indicating that multisensory information do not converge and interact prior to the initiation of the behavioral response. All the deficits observed in PWS were stronger for the subgroup of patients suffering from Uniparental Disomy, a population known to be more sensitive to ASD. Altogether, our study suggests that the deficits in social behavior observed in PWS derive at least partly from an impairment in deciphering the social information carried by voice signals, face signals, and the combination of both. In addition, our work is in agreement with the brain imaging studies revealing an alteration in PWS of the "social brain network" including the STS region involved in processing human voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Salles
- Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan, Toulouse, France; Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France; Service de psychiatrie et psychologie médicale, Hôpital de psychiatrie, Toulouse, France
| | - Kuzma Strelnikov
- Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Mantoulan Carine
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Molinas
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Maïthé Tauber
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France; INSERM, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan UMR 1043 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Barone
- Université Toulouse, CerCo, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR 5549, Faculté de Médecine de Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Gender Differences in the Behavioral Symptom Severity of Prader-Willi Syndrome. Behav Neurol 2015; 2015:294127. [PMID: 26633919 PMCID: PMC4655018 DOI: 10.1155/2015/294127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study measured gender differences in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in regard to the severity of behavioral symptoms. Methods. The Food Related Problem Questionnaire (FRPQ), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist Japanese Version, the Childhood Routines Inventory, the Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society Japan Rating Scale, and Japanese ADHD-RS were administered to PWS patients (45 males aged 6 to 58 and 37 females aged 6 to 45). To examine the effects that gender and genotype have on the severity of each symptom, two-way ANOVAs were conducted. Results. Significant interactions were found only in regard to FRPQ scores, such as FRPQ total score (F(1, 78) = 8.43, p < 0.01). The FRPQ of male deletion (DEL) individuals was higher than that of female DEL and male mUPD. The FRPQ of male maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) was lower than that of female mUPD. Conclusions. In terms of problem behaviors, routines, autistic behaviors, and hyperactivity, no significant differences were found. Food-related behaviors in DEL were more severe in males, although those in mUPD were less severe in males.
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Tvrdik T, Mason D, Dent KM, Thornton L, Hornton SN, Viskochil DH, Stevenson DA. Stress and coping in parents of children with Prader-Willi syndrome: Assessment of the impact of a structured plan of care. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:974-82. [PMID: 25755074 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphagia, developmental delays, and maladaptive behaviors are common in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) likely resulting in heightened parental stress. Objectives were to evaluate stress, describe usefulness of coping behaviors, and assess the impact of a structured Plan of Care (PC) on parents with children with PWS. Parents answered Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP), and narrative/demographic surveys. The PC was introduced to a cohort of parents after completion of the PSS-14 and CHIP and re-administered 4-6 month after the introduction of the PC. Higher parental stress (n = 57) was observed compared to the general population, and associated with parent's age, number of children living at home, and child's age and residential setting. "Maintaining family integration, cooperation, and an optimistic definition of the situation" was the most useful coping pattern. Thirty-eight parents answered the PSS-14 and CHIP after the PC. Parental stress decreased after the PC (P = 0.035). Coping behaviors related to "maintaining family integration" increased after the PC (P = 0.042). Women and men preferred different coping patterns before and after the PC. In conclusion, parental stress is increased in PWS, and a PC decreased stress and increased coping behaviors related to family stability for parents with children with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tvrdik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Grinevich V, Desarménien MG, Chini B, Tauber M, Muscatelli F. Ontogenesis of oxytocin pathways in the mammalian brain: late maturation and psychosocial disorders. Front Neuroanat 2015; 8:164. [PMID: 25767437 PMCID: PMC4341354 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT), the main neuropeptide of sociality, is expressed in neurons exclusively localized in the hypothalamus. During the last decade, a plethora of neuroendocrine, metabolic, autonomic and behavioral effects of OT has been reported. In the urgency to find treatments to syndromes as invalidating as autism, many clinical trials have been launched in which OT is administered to patients, including adolescents and children. However, the impact of OT on the developing brain and in particular on the embryonic and early postnatal maturation of OT neurons, has been only poorly investigated. In the present review we summarize available (although limited) literature on general features of ontogenetic transformation of the OT system, including determination, migration and differentiation of OT neurons. Next, we discuss trajectories of OT receptors (OTR) in the perinatal period. Furthermore, we provide evidence that early alterations, from birth, in the central OT system lead to severe neurodevelopmental diseases such as feeding deficit in infancy and severe defects in social behavior in adulthood, as described in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Our review intends to propose a hypothesis about developmental dynamics of central OT pathways, which are essential for survival right after birth and for the acquisition of social skills later on. A better understanding of the embryonic and early postnatal maturation of the OT system may lead to better OT-based treatments in PWS or autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Grinevich
- Schaller Research Group on Neuropeptides, German Cancer Research Center and CellNetwork Cluster of Excellence of the University of Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel G Desarménien
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2 Montpellier, France
| | - Bice Chini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience Milan, Italy
| | - Maithé Tauber
- Reference Centre for Prader-Willi Syndrome - Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hôpital des Enfants Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse 330 Toulouse, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixe de Recherche 1043, Paul Sabatier University Toulouse III Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Muscatelli
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée Unité Mixe de Recherche U901, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Parc Scientifique de Luminy Marseille, France ; Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée Unité Mixe de Recherche 901 Marseille, France
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