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Guo SC, Yu B, Jia Q, Yan HY, Wang LQ, Sun FF, Ma TH, Yang H. Loureirin C extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis S.C. Chen prevents rotaviral diarrhea in mice by inhibiting the intestinal Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117077. [PMID: 37625605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Resina Draconis (RD) is the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen and most used as a hemostatic drug in traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies have reported that RD has a therapeutic effect on gastrointestinal diseases. Loureirin A, B, and C (LA, LB, and LC) are dihydrochalcone compounds isolated from RD. AIM OF THE STUDY Dehydration is the primary cause of death in rotaviral diarrhea. Inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs)-mediated Cl- secretion significantly reduced fluid secretion in rotaviral diarrhea. RD was used to treat digestive diseases such as diarrhea and abdominal pain; however, the pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of RD and loureirin on intestinal Cl- channels and their therapeutic effects on rotavirus-induced diarrhea, aiming to reveal RD's molecular basis, targets, and mechanisms for treating rotaviral diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell-based fluorescence quenching assays were used to examine the effect of RD and loureirin on Cl- channels activity. Electrophysiological properties were tested using short-circuit current experiments in epithelial cells or freshly isolated mouse intestinal tissue. Fecal water content, intestinal peristalsis rate, and smooth muscle contraction were measured in neonatal mice infected with SA-11 rotavirus before and after LC treatment or adult mice. RESULTS RD, LA, LB, and LC inhibited CaCCs-mediated Cl- current in HT-29 cells and colonic epithelium. The inhibitory effect of LC on CaCCs was primarily on the apical side in epithelial cells, which may be partially produced by affecting cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. LC significantly inhibited TMEM16A-mediated Cl- current. Characterization studies revealed that LC inhibited basolateral K+ channel activity without affecting Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the colonic epithelium. Although LC activated the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator in epithelial cells, its effect was not apparent in colonic epithelium. In vivo, LC significantly reduced the fecal water content, intestinal peristalsis rate, and smooth muscle contraction of mice infected with rotavirus. CONCLUSION RD and its active compound LC inhibit intestinal CaCCs activity, which might mediate the anti-rotaviral diarrheal effect of RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
| | - Qian Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
| | - Han-Yu Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
| | - Fang-Fang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China; Nuclear Medicine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, PR China.
| | - Tong-Hui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116082, PR China.
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Zou Y, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Xiao M, Xiang Q, Zhang L, Shi W, Tao H, Chen L, Han B, Yin S. The immunosuppressive effects and mechanisms of loureirin B on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094649. [PMID: 37168850 PMCID: PMC10165104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease mainly affecting joints of the hands and wrists. The discovery of autoantibodies in the serum of patients revealed that RA belonged to the autoimmune diseases and laid a theoretical basis for its immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly involves abnormal activation and proliferation of effector memory T cells, which is closely related to the elevated expression of Kv1.3, a voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel on the effector memory T cell membrane. Drugs blocking the Kv1.3 channel showed a strong protective effect in RA model animals, suggesting that Kv1.3 is a target for the discovery of specific RA immunosuppressive drugs. Methods In the present study, we synthesized LrB and studied the effects of LrB on collagen- induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. The clinical score, paw volume and joint morphology of CIA model rats were compared. The percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rat peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen were analyzed with flow cytometry. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The IL-1b and IL-6 expression in joints and the Kv1.3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were quantified by qPCR. To further study the mechanisms of immunosuppressive effects of LrB, western blot and immunofluorescence were utilized to study the expression of Kv1.3 and Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) in two cell models - Jurkat T cell line and extracted PBMCs. Results LrB effectively reduced the clinical score and relieved joint swelling. LrB could also decrease the percentage of CD4+ T cells, while increase the percentage of CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear and spleen of rats with CIA. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 in the serum of CIA rats were significantly reduced by LrB. The results of qPCR showed that Kv1.3 mRNA in the PBMCs of CIA rats was significantly higher than that of the control and significantly decreased in the LrB treatment groups. In addition, we confirmed in cell models that LrB significantly decreased Kv1.3 protein on the cell membrane and inhibited the activation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells 1 (NFAT1) with immune stimulus. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed that LrB could block NFAT1 activation and reduce Kv1.3 expression in activated T cells, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes and the release of inflammatory cytokines, thereby effectively weakening the autoimmune responses in CIA rats. The effects of immunosuppression due to LrB revealed its potential medicinal value in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Xiang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyi Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobo Tao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lvyi Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Han, ; Shijin Yin,
| | - Shijin Yin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Ethnopharmacology Level 3 Laboratory, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Han, ; Shijin Yin,
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Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses Reveal Defensive Responses and Flavonoid Biosynthesis of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen under Wound Stress in Natural Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144514. [PMID: 35889387 PMCID: PMC9320494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dracaena cochinchinensis has special defensive reactions against wound stress. Under wound stress, D. cochinchinensis generates a resin that is an important medicine known as dragon’s blood. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the defensive reactions is unclear. Metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on stems of D. cochinchinensis at different timepoints from the short term to the long term after wounding. According to the 378 identified compounds, wound-induced secondary metabolic processes exhibited three-phase characteristics: short term (0–5 days), middle term (10 days–3 months), and long term (6–17 months). The wound-induced transcriptome profile exhibited characteristics of four stages: within 24 h, 1–5 days, 10–30 days, and long term. The metabolic regulation in response to wound stress mainly involved the TCA cycle, glycolysis, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylalanine biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis, along with some signal transduction pathways, which were all well connected. Flavonoid biosynthesis and modification were the main reactions against wound stress, mainly comprising 109 flavonoid metabolites and 93 wound-induced genes. A group of 21 genes encoding CHS, CHI, DFR, PPO, OMT, LAR, GST, and MYBs were closely related to loureirin B and loureirin C. Wound-induced responses at the metabolome and transcriptome level exhibited phase characteristics. Complex responses containing primary metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis are involved in the defense mechanism against wound stress in natural conditions, and flavonoid biosynthesis and modification are the main strategies of D. cochinchinensis in the long-term responses to wound stress.
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Shi S, Zhao Q, Ke C, Long S, Zhang F, Zhang X, Li Y, Liu X, Hu H, Yin S. Loureirin B Exerts its Immunosuppressive Effects by Inhibiting STIM1/Orai1 and K V1.3 Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:685092. [PMID: 34248635 PMCID: PMC8268022 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.685092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Loureirin B (LrB) is a constituent extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Resina Draconis. It has broad biological functions and an impressive immunosuppressive effect that has been supported by numerous studies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Loureirin B-induced immune suppression are not fully understood. We previously reported that Loureirin B inhibited KV1.3 channel, calcium ion (Ca2+) influx, and interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion in Jurkat T cells. In this study, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 to edit KV1.3 coding gene KCNA3 and successfully generated a KV1.3 knockout (KO) cell model to determine whether KV1.3 KO was sufficient to block the Loureirin B-induced immunosuppressive effect. Surprisingly, we showed that Loureirin B could still inhibit Ca2+ influx and IL-2 secretion in the Jurkat T cells in the absence of KV1.3 although KO KV1.3 reduced about 50% of Ca2+ influx and 90% IL-2 secretion compared with that in the wild type cells. Further experiments showed that Loureirin B directly inhibited STIM1/Orai1 channel in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that Loureirin B inhibits Ca2+ influx and IL-2 secretion in Jurkat T cells by inhibiting both KV1.3 and STIM1/Orai1 channels. These studies also revealed an additional molecular target for Loureirin B-induced immunosuppressive effect, which makes it a promising leading compound for treating autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianru Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Caihua Ke
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Siru Long
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Center for the Study of Itch & Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Shijin Yin
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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Effect of Loureirin B on Crohn's disease rat model induced by TNBS via IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Chin Med 2020; 15:2. [PMID: 31911815 PMCID: PMC6945620 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease, seriously threatening human beings health. However, the pathogenesis of CD is still unclear and there is no specific effective drug for treatment of CD. Resina Donis (RD) obtained from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen (Liliaceae), has been used for the treatment of CD clinically. Loureirin B (LB) is one of the most important chemical compositions and physiologically active ingredients of resina draconis. It has the molecular structure propan-1-one, 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) propan-1-one. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LB on CD and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results In this study, the result demonstrated that LB prolonged the survival time of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rats and alleviated colonic damage in a dose dependent manner. Besides, LB remarkably ameliorated TNBS-induced inflammatory response via regulation of cytokines in the colonic tissues. Moreover, LB could reverse the established fibrosis and impede the accumulation infiltration, and improve the apoptosis induced by TNBS in a dose dependent manner. Further, LB dramatically suppressed TNBS-induced the activation of IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions These findings suggested that LB could be beneficial regarding ameliorating TNBS-induced CD, which may represent a novel approach to treat CD and provide an alternative choice for disorders associated with CD.
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Zhang Y, Zhang F, Shi S, Liu X, Cai W, Han G, Ke C, Long S, Di Z, Yin S, Li H. Immunosuppressive effects of a novel potassium channel toxin Ktx-Sp2 from Scorpiops Pocoki. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:99. [PMID: 31890149 PMCID: PMC6915869 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cDNA Library of venomous animals could provide abundant bioactive peptides coding information and is an important resource for screening bioactive peptides that target and regulate disease-related ion channels. To further explore the potential medicinal usage of the transcriptome database of Scorpiops Pocoki’s venom gland, this research identified the function of a new potassium channel toxin Ktx-Sp2, whose gene was screened from the database by sequence alignment. Results The mature peptide of Ktx-Sp2 was obtained by genetic engineering. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiment showed that Ktx-Sp2 peptide could effectively block three types of exogenous voltage-gated potassium channels—Kv1.1, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3, among which, the blocking activity for Kv1.3 was relatively high, showing selectivity to some extent. Taking Jurkat T cells as the cell model, this study found that Ktx-Sp2 peptide could also effectively block endogenous Kv1.3, significantly reduce the free calcium concentration in Jurkat T cells, inhibit the activation of Jurkat T cells and reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, showing a strong immunosuppressant effect. Conclusions This study further proves that the transcriptome database of the Scorpiops Pocoki venom gland is an important resource for discovery of novel bioactive polypeptide coding genes. The newly screened Kv1.3 channel blocker Ktx-Sp2 expanded the range of leading compounds for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and promoted the development and application of scorpion toxin peptides in the field of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubiao Zhang
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiao Liu
- 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Weisong Cai
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Han
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 People's Republic of China
| | - Caihua Ke
- 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Siru Long
- 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Di
- 3School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijin Yin
- 2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Haohuan Li
- 1Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Wang C, Wang G, Sun Y, Deng Z, Chen L, Chen K, Tickner J, Kenny J, Song D, Zhang Q, Wang H, Chen Z, Zhou C, He W, Xu J. Loureirin B suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized osteoporosis via attenuating NFATc1 and ROS activities. Theranostics 2019; 9:4648-4662. [PMID: 31367247 PMCID: PMC6643439 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Osteoporosis is a severe bone disorder that is a threat to our aging population. Excessive osteoclast formation and bone resorption lead to changes in trabecular bone volume and architecture, leaving the bones vulnerable to fracture. Therapeutic approaches of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption have been proven to be an efficient approach to prevent osteoporosis. In our study, we have demonstrated for the first time that Loureirin B (LrB) inhibits ovariectomized osteoporosis and explored its underlying mechanisms of action in vitro. Methods: We examined the effects of LrB on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and its impacts on RANKL-induced NFATc1 activation, calcium oscillations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in osteoclasts in vitro. We assessed the in vivo efficacy of LrB using an ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis model, which was analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and bone histomorphometry. Results: We found that LrB represses osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption, F-actin belts formation, osteoclast specific gene expressions, ROS activity and calcium oscillations through preventing NFATc1 translocation and expression as well as affecting MAPK-NFAT signaling pathways in vitro. Our in vivo study indicated that LrB prevents OVX-induced osteoporosis and preserves bone volume by repressing osteoclast activity and function. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that LrB can attenuate osteoclast formation and OVX-induced osteoporosis. This novel and exciting discovery could pave the way for the development of LrB as a potential therapeutic treatment for osteoporosis.
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Zou Y, Zhang F, Li Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Long Z, Shi S, Shuai L, Liu J, Di Z, Yin S. Cloning, expression and identification of KTX-Sp4, a selective Kv1.3 peptidic blocker from Scorpiops pococki. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:60. [PMID: 29142737 PMCID: PMC5674823 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Specific and selective peptidic blockers of Kv1.3 channels can serve as a valuable drug lead for treating T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and scorpion venom is an important source of kv1.3 channel inhibitors. Through conducting transcriptomic sequencing for the venom gland of Scorpiops pococki from Xizang province of China, this research aims to discover a novel functional gene encoding peptidic blocker of Kv1.3, and identify its function. Results We screened out a new peptide toxin KTX-Sp4 which had 43 amino acids including six cysteine residues. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that recombinant expression products of KTX-Sp4 blocked both endogenous and exogenous Kv1.3 channel concentration-dependently, and exhibited good selectivity on Kv1.3 over Kv1.1, Kv1.2, respectively. Mutation experiments showed that the Kv1 turret region was responsible for the selectivity of KTX-Sp4 peptide on Kv1.3 over Kv1.1. Conclusions This work not only provided a novel lead compound for the development of anti autoimmune disease drugs, but also enriched the molecular basis for the interaction between scorpion toxins and potassium channels, serving as an important theoretical basis for designing high selective Kv1.3 peptide inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiukai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Di
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijin Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
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Bioactivity-Guided Fractionation of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Resina Draconis Reveals Loureirin B as a PAI-1 Inhibitor. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9425963. [PMID: 29234445 PMCID: PMC5634571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9425963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombotic diseases have become a global burden due to morbidity, mortality, and disability. Traditional Chinese medicine has been proven effective in removing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a natural inhibitor of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators. In this study, we screened four fractions of Resina Draconis (a traditional Chinese medicine) extract for PAI-1 inhibitory activity. Bioactivity-guided purification and chromogenic substrate-based assay led to the identification of loureirin B as the major PAI-1 inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 26.10 μM. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that formation of the PAI-1/uPA complex was inhibited by loureirin B, and the inhibitory effect of loureirin B on PAI-1 was also confirmed by clot lysis assay. In vivo studies showed that loureirin B significantly prolonged the tail bleeding time and reduced the weight and size of arterial thrombus, reduced hydroxyproline level, and partly cured liver fibrosis in mice. Taken together, the results revealed loureirin B as a PAI-1 inhibitor, adding a new pharmacological target for loureirin B and uncovering a novel mechanism underlying the antithrombotic property of Resina Draconis, which might be useful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis and fibrosis.
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