1
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Hosseini-Gerami L, Ficulle E, Humphryes-Kirilov N, Airey DC, Scherschel J, Kananathan S, Eastwood BJ, Bose S, Collier DA, Laing E, Evans D, Broughton H, Bender A. Mechanism of action deconvolution of the small-molecule pathological tau aggregation inhibitor Anle138b. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:52. [PMID: 36918909 PMCID: PMC10012450 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of aggregated microtubule-associated protein tau in neurons. Anle138b is a small molecule which has previously shown efficacy in mice in reducing tau aggregates and rescuing AD disease phenotypes. METHODS In this work, we employed bioinformatics analysis-including pathway enrichment and causal reasoning-of an in vitro tauopathy model. The model consisted of cultured rat cortical neurons either unseeded or seeded with tau aggregates derived from human AD patients, both of which were treated with Anle138b to generate hypotheses for its mode of action. In parallel, we used a collection of human target prediction models to predict direct targets of Anle138b based on its chemical structure. RESULTS Combining the different approaches, we found evidence supporting the hypothesis that the action of Anle138b involves several processes which are key to AD progression, including cholesterol homeostasis and neuroinflammation. On the pathway level, we found significantly enriched pathways related to these two processes including those entitled "Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis" and "Granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis". With causal reasoning, we inferred differential activity of SREBF1/2 (involved in cholesterol regulation) and mediators of the inflammatory response such as NFKB1 and RELA. Notably, our findings were also observed in Anle138b-treated unseeded neurons, meaning that the inferred processes are independent of tau pathology and thus represent the direct action of the compound in the cellular system. Through structure-based ligand-target prediction, we predicted the intracellular cholesterol carrier NPC1 as well as NF-κB subunits as potential targets of Anle138b, with structurally similar compounds in the model training set known to target the same proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study has generated feasible hypotheses for the potential mechanism of action of Anle138b, which will enable the development of future molecular interventions aiming to reduce tau pathology in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- AbsoluteAi Ltd, London, UK
| | - Elena Ficulle
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Zifo RnD Solutions, London, UK
| | | | - David C Airey
- Eli Lilly and Company, Corporate Centre, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Eastwood
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company (Retired), Bracknell, UK
| | - Suchira Bose
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
| | - David A Collier
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- Eli Lilly and Company, Bracknell, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, IoPPN, Kings's College London and Genetic and Genomic Consulting Ltd, Farnham, UK
| | - Emma Laing
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- GSK, Stevenage, UK
| | - David Evans
- Eli Lilly and Company, Windlesham, UK
- DeepMind, London, UK
| | | | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Qiu B, Zhong Z, Righter S, Xu Y, Wang J, Deng R, Wang C, Williams KE, Ma YY, Tsechpenakis G, Liang T, Yong W. FKBP51 modulates hippocampal size and function in post-translational regulation of Parkin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:175. [PMID: 35244772 PMCID: PMC11072506 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
FK506-binding protein 51 (encoded by Fkpb51, also known as Fkbp5) has been associated with stress-related mental illness. To investigate its function, we studied the morphological consequences of Fkbp51 deletion. Artificial Intelligence-assisted morphological analysis revealed that male Fkbp51 knock-out (KO) mice possess more elongated dentate gyrus (DG) but shorter hippocampal height in coronal sections when compared to WT. Primary cultured Fkbp51 KO hippocampal neurons were shown to exhibit larger dendritic outgrowth than wild-type (WT) controls and pharmacological manipulation experiments suggest that this may occur through the regulation of microtubule-associated protein. Both in vitro primary culture and in vivo labeling support a role for FKBP51 in the regulation of microtubule-associated protein expression. Furthermore, Fkbp51 KO hippocampi exhibited decreases in βIII-tubulin, MAP2, and Tau protein levels, but a greater than 2.5-fold increase in Parkin protein. Overexpression and knock-down FKBP51 demonstrated that FKBP51 negatively regulates Parkin in a dose-dependent and ubiquitin-mediated manner. These results indicate a potential novel post-translational regulatory mechanism of Parkin by FKBP51 and the significance of their interaction on disease onset. KO has more flattened hippocampus using AI-assisted measurement Both pyramidal cell layer (PCL) of CA and granular cell layer (GCL) of DG distinguishable as two layers: deep cell layer and superficial layer. Distinct MAP2 expression between deep and superficial layer between KO and WT, Higher Parkin expression in KO brain Mechanism of FKBP51 inhibition resulting in Parkin, MAP2, Tau, and Tubulin expression differences between KO and WT mice, and resulting neurite outgrowth differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100032, China
| | - Shawn Righter
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yuxue Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kent E Williams
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yao-Ying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gavriil Tsechpenakis
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tiebing Liang
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Weidong Yong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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3
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Li S, Yi Y, Cui K, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Han D, Sun L, Zhang X, Chen F, Zhang Y, Yang Y. A Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody Inhibits Aggregation of Phosphorylated Tau and Ameliorates Tau Toxicity in vitro and in vivo. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1613-1629. [PMID: 33459708 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia among elderly people. Hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau correlates with the clinical progression of AD; therefore, therapies targeting the aggregation of tau may have potential applications for anti-AD drug development. Several inhibitors of tau aggregation, including small molecules and antibodies, have been found to decrease the aggregation of tau and the corresponding pathology. OBJECTIVE To screen one kind of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody which could inhibit the aggregation of tau and ameliorate its cytotoxicity. METHODS/RESULTS Using phosphorylated tau (pTau) as an antigen, we obtained a scFv antibody via the screening of a high-capacity phage antibody library. Biochemical analysis revealed that this scFv antibody (scFv T1) had a strong ability to inhibit pTau aggregation both in dilute solutions and under conditions of macromolecular crowding. ScFv T1 could also depolymerize preformed pTau aggregates in vitro. Furthermore, scFv T1 was found to be able to inhibit the cytotoxicity of extracellular pTau aggregates and ameliorate tau-mediated toxicity when coexpressed with a hTauR406W mutant in the eye of transgenic Drosophila flies. CONCLUSION This scFv T1 antibody may be a potential new therapeutic agent against AD. Our methods can be used to develop novel strategies against protein aggregation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences & Biotechnology Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Yi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R.China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences & Biotechnology Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences & Biotechnology Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yange Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences & Biotechnology Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dou Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Gene engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Life Sciences & Biotechnology Education, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R.China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R.China
| | - Fei Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R.China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yufeng Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, P. R.China
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4
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Kuo YC, Lou YI, Rajesh R, Chen CL. Multiple-component dual-phase solid lipid nanoparticles with conjugated transferrin for formulating antioxidants and nerve growth factor against neuronal apoptosis. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Rahman MA, Hossain S, Abdullah N, Aminudin N. Brain proteomics links oxidative stress with metabolic and cellular stress response proteins in behavioural alteration of Alzheimer's disease model rats. AIMS Neurosci 2020; 6:299-315. [PMID: 32341985 PMCID: PMC7179348 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) impairs memory and learning related behavioural performances of the affected person. Compared with the controls, memory and learning related behavioural performances of the AD model rats followed by hippocampal proteomics had been observed in the present study. In the eight armed radial maze, altered performance of the AD rats had been observed. Using liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 822 proteins had been identified with protein threshold at 95.0%, minimum peptide of 2 and peptide threshold at 0.1% FDR. Among them, 329 proteins were differentially expressed with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Among the significantly regulated (P < 0.05) 329 proteins, 289 met the criteria of fold change (LogFC of 1.5) cut off value. Number of proteins linked with AD, oxidative stress (OS) and hypercholesterolemia was 59, 20 and 12, respectively. Number of commonly expressed proteins was 361. The highest amount of proteins differentially expressed in the AD rats were those involved in metabolic processes followed by those linked with OS. Most notable was the perturbed state of the cholesterol metabolizing proteins in the AD group. Current findings suggest that proteins associated with oxidative stress, glucose and cholesterol metabolism and cellular stress response are among the mostly affected proteins in AD subjects. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches targeting these proteins could be strategized to withstand the ever increasing global AD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminudin
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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LaPointe P, Mercier R, Wolmarans A. Aha-type co-chaperones: the alpha or the omega of the Hsp90 ATPase cycle? Biol Chem 2020; 401:423-434. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a dimeric molecular chaperone that plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis. It functions in the context of a structurally dynamic ATP-dependent cycle to promote conformational changes in its clientele to aid stability, maturation, and activation. The client activation cycle is tightly regulated by a cohort of co-chaperone proteins that display specific binding preferences for certain conformations of Hsp90, guiding Hsp90 through its functional ATPase cycle. Aha-type co-chaperones are well-known to robustly stimulate the ATPase activity of Hsp90 but other roles in regulating the functional cycle are being revealed. In this review, we summarize the work done on the Aha-type co-chaperones since the 1990s and highlight recent discoveries with respect to the complexity of Hsp90 cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annemarie Wolmarans
- Department of Biology, The King’s University, Edmonton T6B 2H3, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Lo Cascio F, Puangmalai N, Ellsworth A, Bucchieri F, Pace A, Palumbo Piccionello A, Kayed R. Toxic Tau Oligomers Modulated by Novel Curcumin Derivatives. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19011. [PMID: 31831807 PMCID: PMC6908736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological aggregation and accumulation of tau, a microtubule-associated protein, is a common feature amongst more than 18 different neurodegenerative diseases that are collectively known as tauopathies. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the soluble and hydrophobic tau oligomers are highly toxic in vitro due to their capacity towards seeding tau misfolding, thereby propagating the tau pathology seen across different neurodegenerative diseases. Modulating the aggregation state of tau oligomers through the use of small molecules could be a useful therapeutic strategy to target their toxicity, regardless of other factors involved in their formation. In this study, we screened and tested a small library of newly synthesized curcumin derivatives against preformed recombinant tau oligomers. Our results show that the curcumin derivatives affect and modulate the tau oligomer aggregation pathways, converting to a more aggregated non-toxic state as assessed in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line and primary cortical neuron cultures. These results provide insight into tau aggregation and may become a basis for the discovery of new therapeutic agents, as well as advance the diagnostic field for the detection of toxic tau oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippa Lo Cascio
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Nicha Puangmalai
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Anna Ellsworth
- 0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA ,0000 0001 1547 9964grid.176731.5Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- 0000 0004 1762 5517grid.10776.37Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (BiND), University of Palermo, Palermo, 90127 Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- 0000 0004 1762 5517grid.10776.37Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90128 Italy
| | - Antonio Palumbo Piccionello
- 0000 0004 1762 5517grid.10776.37Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies - STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, 90128 Italy
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. .,Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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8
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Sonawane SK, Ahmad A, Chinnathambi S. Protein-Capped Metal Nanoparticles Inhibit Tau Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12833-12840. [PMID: 31460408 PMCID: PMC6682074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutic research is yielding a large number of potent molecules. The nanoparticle-based therapeutics against the protein aggregation in AD is also taking a lead especially with amyloid-β as a primary target. In this work, we have screened for the first time protein-capped (PC) metal nanoparticles for their potency in inhibiting Tau aggregation in vitro. We present a novel function of PC-Fe3O4 and PC-CdS nanoparticles as potent Tau aggregation inhibitors by fluorescence spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. We demonstrate that the biologically synthesized PC-metal nanoparticles, especially iron oxide do not affect the viability of neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, PC-CdS nanoparticles show dual properties of inhibition and disaggregation of Tau. Thus, the nanoparticles can take a lead as potent Tau aggregation inhibitors and can be modified for specific drug delivery due to their very small size. The current work presents unprecedented strategy to design anti-Tau aggregation drugs, which provides interesting insights to understand the role of biological nanostructures in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kishor Sonawane
- Neurobiology Group,
Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
| | - Absar Ahmad
- Neurobiology Group,
Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group,
Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National
Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, 411008 Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 411008 Pune, India
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9
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Karthivashan G, Ganesan P, Park SY, Kim JS, Choi DK. Therapeutic strategies and nano-drug delivery applications in management of ageing Alzheimer's disease. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:307-320. [PMID: 29350055 PMCID: PMC6058502 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1428243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidental rate of neurodegenerative disorders has increased proportionately with the aging population. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most commonly reported neurodegenerative disorders, and it is estimated to increase by roughly 30% among the aged population. In spite of screening numerous drug candidates against various molecular targets of AD, only a few candidates - such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are currently utilized as an effective clinical therapy. However, targeted drug delivery of these drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) exhibits several limitations including meager solubility, low bioavailability, and reduced efficiency due to the impediments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Current advances in nanotechnology present opportunities to overcome such limitations in delivering active drug candidates. Nanodrug delivery systems are promising in targeting several therapeutic moieties by easing the penetration of drug molecules across the CNS and improving their bioavailability. Recently, a wide range of nano-carriers, such as polymers, emulsions, lipo-carriers, solid lipid carriers, carbon nanotubes, metal based carriers etc., have been adapted to develop successful therapeutics with sustained release and improved efficacy. Here, we discuss few recently updated nano-drug delivery applications that have been adapted in the field of AD therapeutics, and future prospects on potential molecular targets for nano-drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Nanotechnology research center, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate school of Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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10
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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11
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Criado-Marrero M, Rein T, Binder EB, Porter JT, Koren J, Blair LJ. Hsp90 and FKBP51: complex regulators of psychiatric diseases. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0532. [PMID: 29203717 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders affect nearly a quarter of the world's population. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions is of great importance. FK-506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) encodes the FKBP51 protein, a heat shock protein 90 kDa (Hsp90) co-chaperone, and is a risk factor for several affective disorders. FKBP51, in coordination with Hsp90, regulates glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity via a short negative feedback loop. This signalling pathway rapidly restores homeostasis in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis following stress. Expression of FKBP5 increases with age through reduced DNA methylation. High levels of FKBP51 are linked to GR resistance and reduced stress coping behaviour. Moreover, common allelic variants in the FKBP5 gene are associated with increased risk of developing affective disorders like anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review highlights the current understanding of the Hsp90 co-chaperone, FKBP5, in disease from both human and animal studies. In addition, FKBP5 genetic implications in the clinic involving life stress exposure, gender differences and treatment outcomes are discussed.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marangelie Criado-Marrero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA
| | - James T Porter
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine/Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico 00732, USA
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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12
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Young ZT, Mok SA, Gestwicki JE. Therapeutic Strategies for Restoring Tau Homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a024612. [PMID: 28159830 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Normal tau homeostasis is achieved when the synthesis, processing, and degradation of the protein is balanced. Together, the pathways that regulate tau homeostasis ensure that the protein is at the proper levels and that its posttranslational modifications and subcellular localization are appropriately controlled. These pathways include the enzymes responsible for posttranslational modifications, those systems that regulate mRNA splicing, and the molecular chaperones that control tau turnover and its binding to microtubules. In tauopathies, this delicate balance is disturbed. Tau becomes abnormally modified by posttranslational modification, it loses affinity for microtubules, and it accumulates in proteotoxic aggregates. How and why does this imbalance occur? In this review, we discuss how molecular chaperones and other components of the protein homeostasis (e.g., proteostasis) network normally govern tau quality control. We also discuss how aging might reduce the capacity of these systems and how tau mutations might further affect this balance. Finally, we discuss how small-molecule inhibitors are being used to probe and perturb the tau quality-control systems, playing a particularly prominent role in revealing the logic of tau homeostasis. As such, there is now interest in developing these chemical probes into therapeutics, with the goal of restoring normal tau homeostasis to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zapporah T Young
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sue Ann Mok
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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13
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Hsp90 directly interacts, in vitro, with amyloid structures and modulates their assembly and disassembly. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2598-2609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Silva MC, Cheng C, Mair W, Almeida S, Fong H, Biswas MHU, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Temple S, Coppola G, Geschwind DH, Karydas A, Miller BL, Kosik KS, Gao FB, Steen JA, Haggarty SJ. Human iPSC-Derived Neuronal Model of Tau-A152T Frontotemporal Dementia Reveals Tau-Mediated Mechanisms of Neuronal Vulnerability. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:325-340. [PMID: 27594585 PMCID: PMC5032560 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and other tauopathies characterized by focal brain neurodegeneration and pathological accumulation of proteins are commonly associated with tau mutations. However, the mechanism of neuronal loss is not fully understood. To identify molecular events associated with tauopathy, we studied induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from individuals carrying the tau-A152T variant. We highlight the potential of in-depth phenotyping of human neuronal cell models for pre-clinical studies and identification of modulators of endogenous tau toxicity. Through a panel of biochemical and cellular assays, A152T neurons showed accumulation, redistribution, and decreased solubility of tau. Upregulation of tau was coupled to enhanced stress-inducible markers and cell vulnerability to proteotoxic, excitotoxic, and mitochondrial stressors, which was rescued upon CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeting of tau or by pharmacological activation of autophagy. Our findings unmask tau-mediated perturbations of specific pathways associated with neuronal vulnerability, revealing potential early disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for FTD and other tauopathies. Upregulation of tau and phospho-tau in FTD patient iPSC-derived tau A152T neurons Upregulation of insoluble tau in A152T neurons Altered proteostasis stress-inducible pathways in tau A152T neurons Tau-dependent vulnerability to stress in A152T neurons reverted by tau downregulation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catarina Silva
- Department of Neurology, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chialin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Waltraud Mair
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Helen Fong
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - M Helal U Biswas
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Regenerative Research Foundation, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Judith A Steen
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Department of Neurology, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Tiernan CT, Ginsberg SD, Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, Ward SM, He B, Kanaan NM, Mufson EJ, Binder LI, Counts SE. Protein homeostasis gene dysregulation in pretangle-bearing nucleus basalis neurons during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 42:80-90. [PMID: 27143424 PMCID: PMC4973891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Conformational phosphorylation and cleavage events drive the tau protein from a soluble, monomeric state to a relatively insoluble, polymeric state that precipitates the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in projection neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the magnocellular perikarya located in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) complex of the basal forebrain. Whether these structural changes in the tau protein are associated with pathogenic changes at the molecular and cellular level remains undetermined during the onset of AD. Here, we examined alterations in gene expression within individual NBM neurons immunostained for pS422, an early tau phosphorylation event, or dual labeled for pS422 and TauC3, a later stage tau neoepitope, from tissue obtained postmortem from subjects who died with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, or mild/moderate AD. Specifically, pS422-positive pretangles displayed an upregulation of select gene transcripts subserving protein quality control. On the other hand, late-stage TauC3-positive NFTs exhibited upregulation of messenger RNAs involved in protein degradation but also cell survival. Taken together, these results suggest that molecular pathways regulating protein homeostasis are altered during the evolution of NFT pathology in the NBM. These changes likely contribute to the disruption of protein turnover and neuronal survival of these vulnerable NBM neurons during the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea T Tiernan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Ward
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Bin He
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nicholas M Kanaan
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Lester I Binder
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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16
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Mitra G, Gupta S, Poddar A, Bhattacharyya B. MAP2c prevents arachidonic acid-induced fibril formation of tau: Role of chaperone activity and phosphorylation. Biophys Chem 2015; 205:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Paranjape SR, Riley AP, Somoza AD, Oakley CE, Wang CCC, Prisinzano TE, Oakley BR, Gamblin TC. Azaphilones inhibit tau aggregation and dissolve tau aggregates in vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:751-60. [PMID: 25822288 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a seminal event in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The inhibition or reversal of tau aggregation is therefore a potential therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Fungal natural products have proven to be a rich source of useful compounds having wide varieties of biological activities. We have previously screened Aspergillus nidulans secondary metabolites for their ability to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro using an arachidonic acid polymerization protocol. One aggregation inhibitor identified was asperbenzaldehyde, an intermediate in azaphilone biosynthesis. We therefore tested 11 azaphilone derivatives to determine their tau assembly inhibition properties in vitro. All compounds tested inhibited tau filament assembly to some extent, and four of the 11 compounds had the advantageous property of disassembling preformed tau aggregates in a dose-dependent fashion. The addition of these compounds to the tau aggregates reduced both the total length and number of tau polymers. The most potent compounds were tested in in vitro reactions to determine whether they interfere with tau's normal function of stabilizing microtubules (MTs). We found that they did not completely inhibit MT assembly in the presence of tau. These derivatives are very promising lead compounds for tau aggregation inhibitors and, more excitingly, for compounds that can disassemble pre-existing tau filaments. They also represent a new class of anti-tau aggregation compounds with a novel structural scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita R. Paranjape
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Andrew P. Riley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Amber D. Somoza
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - C. Elizabeth Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Clay C. C. Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Berl R. Oakley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - T. Chris Gamblin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, ‡Department of Chemistry, ⊥Department of Medicinal
Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department of Chemistry, ∥Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences,
School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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18
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Martin MD, Calcul L, Smith C, Jinwal UK, Fontaine SN, Darling A, Seeley K, Wojtas L, Narayan M, Gestwicki JE, Smith GR, Reitz AB, Baker BJ, Dickey CA. Synthesis, stereochemical analysis, and derivatization of myricanol provide new probes that promote autophagic tau clearance. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1099-109. [PMID: 25588114 DOI: 10.1021/cb501013w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered that one specific scalemic preparation of myricanol (1), a constituent of Myrica cerifera (bayberry/southern wax myrtle) root bark, could lower the levels of the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). The significance is that tau accumulates in a number of neurodegenerative diseases, the most common being Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, a new synthetic route to prepare myricanol using a suitable boronic acid pinacol ester intermediate is reported. An X-ray crystal structure of the isolated myricanol (1) was obtained and showed a co-crystal consisting of (+)-aR,11S-myricanol (2) and (-)-aS,11R-myricanol (3) coformers. Surprisingly, 3, obtained from chiral separation from 1, reduced tau levels in both cultured cells and ex vivo brain slices from a mouse model of tauopathy at reasonable mid-to-low micromolar potency, whereas 2 did not. SILAC proteomics and cell assays revealed that 3 promoted tau degradation through an autophagic mechanism, which was in contrast to that of other tau-lowering compounds previously identified by our group. During the course of structure-activity relationship (SAR) development, we prepared compound 13 by acid-catalyzed dehydration of 1. 13 had undergone an unexpected structural rearrangement through the isomyricanol substitution pattern (e.g., 16), as verified by X-ray structural analysis. Compound 13 displayed robust tau-lowering activity, and, importantly, its enantiomers reduced tau levels similarly. Therefore, the semisynthetic analogue 13 provides a foundation for further development as a tau-lowering agent without its SAR being based on chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie D. Martin
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Laurent Calcul
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Courtney Smith
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Umesh K. Jinwal
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Sarah N. Fontaine
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - April Darling
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Kent Seeley
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Malathi Narayan
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Garry R. Smith
- ALS Biopharma, LLC, 3805
Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Allen B. Reitz
- ALS Biopharma, LLC, 3805
Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Bill J. Baker
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department
of Molecular Medicine and Alzheimer’s Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33613, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- James A. Haley Veteran’s Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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19
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Redox proteomics analysis to decipher the neurobiology of Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration: overlaps in Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease brain. Biochem J 2014; 463:177-89. [PMID: 25242166 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage is a common feature of neurodegeneration that, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, point to the fact that reactive oxygen species are major contributors to loss of neuronal homoeostasis and cell death. Among several targets of oxidative stress, free-radical-mediated damage to proteins is particularly important in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In the majority of cases, oxidative-stress-mediated post-translational modifications cause non-reversible modifications of protein structure that consistently lead to impaired function. Redox proteomics methods are powerful tools to unravel the complexity of neurodegeneration, by identifying brain proteins with oxidative post-translational modifications that are detrimental for protein function. The present review discusses the current literature showing evidence of impaired pathways linked to oxidative stress possibly involved in the neurodegenerative process leading to the development of Alzheimer-like dementia. In particular, we focus attention on dysregulated pathways that underlie neurodegeneration in both aging adults with DS (Down's syndrome) and AD (Alzheimer's disease). Since AD pathology is age-dependent in DS and shows similarities with AD, identification of common oxidized proteins by redox proteomics in both DS and AD can improve our understanding of the overlapping mechanisms that lead from normal aging to development of AD. The most relevant proteomics findings highlight that disturbance of protein homoeostasis and energy production are central mechanisms of neurodegeneration and overlap in aging DS and AD. Protein oxidation affects crucial intracellular functions and may be considered a 'leitmotif' of degenerating neurons. Therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing/reducing multiple components of processes leading to accumulation of oxidative damage will be critical in future studies.
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20
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Gerson JE, Castillo-Carranza DL, Kayed R. Advances in therapeutics for neurodegenerative tauopathies: moving toward the specific targeting of the most toxic tau species. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:752-69. [PMID: 25075869 DOI: 10.1021/cn500143n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is one of the greatest health concerns today and with no effective treatment in sight, it is crucial that researchers find a safe and successful therapeutic. While neurofibrillary tangles are considered the primary tauopathy hallmark, more evidence continues to come to light to suggest that soluble, intermediate tau aggregates--tau oligomers--are the most toxic species in disease. These intermediate tau species may also be responsible for the spread of pathology, suggesting that oligomeric tau may be the best therapeutic target. Here, we summarize results for the modulation of tau by molecular chaperones, small molecules and aggregation inhibitors, post-translational modifications, immunotherapy, other techniques, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Gerson
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Diana L. Castillo-Carranza
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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21
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Kumar S, Tepper K, Kaniyappan S, Biernat J, Wegmann S, Mandelkow EM, Müller DJ, Mandelkow E. Stages and conformations of the Tau repeat domain during aggregation and its effect on neuronal toxicity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20318-32. [PMID: 24825901 PMCID: PMC4106345 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.554725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the aggregation and posttranslational modifications of Tau protein. Its “repeat domain” (TauRD) is mainly responsible for the aggregation properties, and oligomeric forms are thought to dominate the toxic effects of Tau. Here we investigated the conformational transitions of this domain during oligomerization and aggregation in different states of β-propensity and pseudo-phosphorylation, using several complementary imaging and spectroscopic methods. Although the repeat domain generally aggregates more readily than full-length Tau, its aggregation was greatly slowed down by phosphorylation or pseudo-phosphorylation at the KXGS motifs, concomitant with an extended phase of oligomerization. Analogous effects were observed with pro-aggregant variants of TauRD. Oligomers became most evident in the case of the pro-aggregant mutant TauRDΔK280, as monitored by atomic force microscopy, and the fluorescence lifetime of Alexa-labeled Tau (time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC)), consistent with its pronounced toxicity in mouse models. In cell models or primary neurons, neither oligomers nor fibrils of TauRD or TauRDΔK280 had a toxic effect, as seen by assays with lactate dehydrogenase and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, respectively. However, oligomers of pro-aggregant TauRDΔK280 specifically caused a loss of spine density in differentiated neurons, indicating a locally restricted impairment of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany, the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Katharina Tepper
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany, the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Senthilvelrajan Kaniyappan
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany, the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and
| | - Jacek Biernat
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany, the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany, the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel J Müller
- the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- From the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany, the Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Hamburg Outstation, c/o DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, and the Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR), 53175 Bonn, Germany,
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