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Lu X, Wang X, Wang P, Zhu Y, Liu J, Liu G, Liu R. Identification of candidate genes and chemicals associated with osteonecrosis of femoral head by multiomics studies and chemical-gene interaction analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1419742. [PMID: 39253583 PMCID: PMC11382631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1419742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives In-depth understanding of osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) has revealed that degeneration of the hip cartilage plays a crucial role in ONFH progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and susceptibility to environmental factors in hip cartilage that contribute to ONFH progression remain elusive. Methods We conducted a multiomics study and chemical-gene interaction analysis of hip cartilage in ONFH. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in ONFH progression were identified in paired hip cartilage samples from 36 patients by combining genome-wide DNA methylation profiling, gene expression profiling, and quantitative proteomics. Gene functional enrichment and pathway analyses were performed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Functional links between proteins were discovered through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The ONFH-associated chemicals were identified by integrating the DEGs with the chemical-gene interaction sets in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Finally, the DEGs, including MMP13 and CHI3L1, were validated via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Twenty-two DEGs were identified across all three omics levels in ONFH cartilage, 16 of which were upregulated and six of which were downregulated. The collagen-containing extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM structural constituents, response to amino acids, the relaxin signaling pathway, and protein digestion and absorption were found to be primarily involved in cartilage degeneration in ONFH. Moreover, ten major ONFH-associated chemicals were identified, including, benzo(a)pyrene, valproic acid, and bisphenol A. Conclusion Overall, our study identified several candidate genes, pathways, and chemicals associated with cartilage degeneration in ONFH, providing novel clues into the etiology and biological processes of ONFH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingkang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruiyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Sadakane Y, Kobayashi M, Sano M, Morimoto S, Hagino M. Quantification of serine residue stereoinversion in a short peptide by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: analysis of mechanisms promoting serine stereoinversion. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:925-934. [PMID: 38528254 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Stereoinversion of Ser residues within proteins, which has been identified in long-lived proteins, influences protein function. To quantify the stereoinversion of Ser residues, we investigated the potential adaptation of our direct peptide analytical method originally established for analyzing the isomerization of asparaginyl/aspartyl residues. Peptide pairs containing L-Ser or D-Ser residues with lengths of four or five residues were synthesized. Separation conditions for these peptide pairs were systematically examined by precisely adjusting the pH of the elution solvent using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimal separation conditions were successfully developed for all peptide pairs, enabling the direct quantification of Ser residue stereoinversion through a single HPLC run. Subsequently, the degree of Ser stereoinversion within the model peptide, Gly-Ser-Gly-Tyr, was determined using the method established in this study. Surprisingly, the stereoinversion of Ser residues occurred only when the absolute configurations of Ser and Tyr residues of the peptide differed from each other, whereas no stereoinversion was observed when their absolute configurations were identical. The experiments using peptides similar to the model peptide reveal that both the N-terminal amino group and the hydroxyl group of the C-terminal Tyr residue are involved in the stereoinversion of the Ser residue. By applying a simple method to quantify the stereoinversion of Ser residues, valuable insights into the mechanisms governing these stereoinversions were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Sadakane
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Kobayashi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Sano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Shota Morimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Japan
| | - Megumi Hagino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, 513-8670, Japan
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3
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The regional turnover of cartilage collagen matrix in late-stage human knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:886-895. [PMID: 35358700 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage collagen has very limited repair potential, though some turnover and incorporation has not been fully excluded. We aim to determine the regional turnover of human osteoarthritis cartilage. DESIGN Patients scheduled for knee joint replacement surgery due to osteoarthritis were recruited in this prospective study of four weeks duration. Deuterium oxide (D2O) was administered orally by weekly boluses at 70% D2O, initially 150 ml followed by three boluses of 50 ml. Cartilage from the medial tibia plateau was sampled centrally, under the meniscus, and from osteophytes and treated enzymatically with hyaluronidase and trypsin. Samples were analysed for deuterium incorporation in alanine using mass spectrometry and for gene expression by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Twenty participants completed the study: mean (SD) age 64 ± 9.1 years, 45% female, BMI 29.5 ± 4.8 kg/m2. Enzymatically treated cartilage from central and submeniscal regions showed similar enrichments at 0.063% APE, while osteophytes showed significantly greater enrichment at 0.072% APE (95% confidence interval of difference) [0.004-0.015]). Fractional synthesis rates were similar for central 0.027%/day and submeniscal cartilage 0.022%/day but 10-fold higher in osteophytes 0.22%/day [0.098-0.363]. When compared to central cartilage, submeniscal cartilage had increased gene expression of MMP-3 and decreased lubricin expression. Untreated cartilage had higher turnover (enrichments at 0.073% APE) than enzymatically treated cartilage (0.063% APE). CONCLUSIONS In OA, despite regional differences in gene expression, the turnover of the articular cartilage matrix across the entire joint surface is very limited, but higher turnover was observed in osteophyte cartilage.
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Ariosa-Morejon Y, Santos A, Fischer R, Davis S, Charles P, Thakker R, Wann AK, Vincent TL. Age-dependent changes in protein incorporation into collagen-rich tissues of mice by in vivo pulsed SILAC labelling. eLife 2021; 10:66635. [PMID: 34581667 PMCID: PMC8478409 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-rich tissues have poor reparative capacity that predisposes to common age-related disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. We used in vivo pulsed SILAC labelling to quantify new protein incorporation into cartilage, bone, and skin of mice across the healthy life course. We report dynamic turnover of the matrisome, the proteins of the extracellular matrix, in bone and cartilage during skeletal maturation, which was markedly reduced after skeletal maturity. Comparing young adult with older adult mice, new protein incorporation was reduced in all tissues. STRING clustering revealed changes in epigenetic modulators across all tissues, a decline in chondroprotective growth factors such as FGF2 and TGFβ in cartilage, and clusters indicating mitochondrial dysregulation and reduced collagen synthesis in bone. Several pathways were implicated in age-related disease. Fewer changes were observed for skin. This methodology provides dynamic protein data at a tissue level, uncovering age-related molecular changes that may predispose to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna Ariosa-Morejon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Santos
- Big Data Institute, Li-Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Center for Health Data Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Davis
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Charles
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, OCDEM, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Kt Wann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia L Vincent
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research UK Centre for OA Pathogenesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Accelerated identification of serine racemase inhibitor from Centella asiatica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4640. [PMID: 32170206 PMCID: PMC7070078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine racemase (SR) converts the free form of L-serine into D-serine (DS) in the mammalian brain. The DS functions as a co-agonist of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The over- activation of NMDA receptor leads to many neurological disorders like stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and an effective inhibitor of SR could be a corrective method for the receptor over-activation. We report for the first time here a rapid way of purifying and identifying an inhibitor from medicinal plants known to have the neuro-protective effect. We have purified SR inhibitor from the methanolic extract of Centella asiatica by affinity method. High resolution mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy were used to identify the ligand to be madecassoside. We have shown the madecassoside binding in silico and its inhibition of recombinant human serine racemase in vitro and ex vivo.
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6
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Nagy G, Kedia K, Attah IK, Garimella SVB, Ibrahim YM, Petyuk VA, Smith RD. Separation of β-Amyloid Tryptic Peptide Species with Isomerized and Racemized l-Aspartic Residues with Ion Mobility in Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4374-4380. [PMID: 30816701 PMCID: PMC6596305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The deposition of β-amyloid plaques is likely to start years in advance of manifestation of clinical symptoms, although the exact timing is unknown. Over the years, Aβ peptides undergo both post-translational modification and stereoisomerization. Analysis of the resulting stereoisomers is particularly challenging because of their identical elemental composition and similar physicochemical properties. Herein, we have utilized our recently developed structures for lossless ion manipulations ion mobility-mass spectrometry platform (SLIM IM-MS), in conjunction with serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER), to baseline resolve four distinct sets of Aβ17-28 tryptic peptide epimers on a rapid (∼1 s) time scale. We discovered that sodium adduct ions, [M + H + Na]2+, allowed baseline SLIM SUPER IM resolution for all Aβ epimer sets assessed, while such baseline separations were unachievable for their [M + 2H]2+ doubly protonated ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabe Nagy
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Komal Kedia
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Isaac K. Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sandilya V. B. Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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7
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Heinemeier KM, Schjerling P, Øhlenschlæger TF, Eismark C, Olsen J, Kjær M. Carbon-14 bomb pulse dating shows that tendinopathy is preceded by years of abnormally high collagen turnover. FASEB J 2018; 32:4763-4775. [PMID: 29570396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701569r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tendons are essential weight-bearing structures that are often affected by tendinopathy, which leads to pain and impaired mobility. In healthy Achilles tendons, no significant renewal of the weight-bearing collagen matrix seems to occur during adult life, but tendinopathy may lead to increased turnover. The carbon-14 ([14C]) bomb pulse method was used to measure lifelong replacement rates of collagen in tendinopathic and healthy Achilles tendons (tendinopathic: n = 25, born 1937-1972. Healthy: n = 10, born 1929-1966). As expected, the healthy tendon collagen had not been replaced during adulthood, but in tendinopathic tendon, a substantial renewal had occurred. Modeling of the [14C] data suggested that one half of the collagen in tendinopathic matrix had undergone continuous slow turnover for years before the presentation of symptoms. This finding allows for a new concept in tendon pathogenesis because it suggests that either the symptoms of tendinopathy represent a late phase of a very prolonged disease process, or an abnormally high collagen exchange could be a risk factor for tendon disorders rather than being a result of disease.-Heinemeier, K. M., Schjerling, P., Øhlenschlæger, T. F., Eismark, C., Olsen, J., Kjær, M. Carbon-14 bomb pulse dating shows that tendinopathy is preceded by years of abnormally high collagen turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Maria Heinemeier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy F Øhlenschlæger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Eismark
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Olsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Tiplamaz S, Gören MZ, Yurtsever NT. Estimation of Chronological Age from Postmortem Tissues Based on Amino Acid Racemization. J Forensic Sci 2018; 63:1533-1538. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sıtkı Tiplamaz
- Department of Forensic Medicine School of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul 34899 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zafer Gören
- Department of Medical Pharmacology School of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul 34899 Turkey
| | - Nurşen Turan Yurtsever
- Department of Forensic Medicine School of Medicine Marmara University Istanbul 34899 Turkey
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9
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Racemization of Serine Residues Catalyzed by Dihydrogen Phosphate Ion: A Computational Study. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7120363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous, nonenzymatic reactions in proteins are known to have relevance to aging and age-related diseases, such as cataract and Alzheimer’s disease. Among such reactions is the racemization of Ser residues, but its mechanism in vivo remains to be clarified. The most likely intermediate is an enol. Although being nonenzymatic, the enolization would need to be catalyzed to occur at a biologically relevant rate. In the present study, we computationally found plausible reaction pathways for the enolization of a Ser residue where a dihydrogen phosphate ion, H2PO4−, acts as a catalyst. The H2PO4− ion mediates the proton transfer required for the enolization by acting simultaneously as both a general base and a general acid. Using the B3LYP density functional theory method, reaction pathways were located in the gas phase and hydration effects were evaluated by single-point calculations using the SM8 continuum model. The activation barriers calculated for the reaction pathways found were around 100 kJ mol−1, which is consistent with spontaneous reactions occurring at physiological temperature. Our results are also consistent with experimental observations that Ser residue racemization occurs more readily in flexible regions in proteins.
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10
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Zheng X, Deng L, Baker ES, Ibrahim YM, Petyuk VA, Smith RD. Distinguishing d- and l-aspartic and isoaspartic acids in amyloid β peptides with ultrahigh resolution ion mobility spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7913-7916. [PMID: 28654112 PMCID: PMC5555368 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03321d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While α-linked amino acids in the l-form are exclusively utilized in mammalian protein building, β-linked and d-form amino acids also have important biological roles. Unfortunately, the structural elucidation and separation of these different amino acid types in peptides has been analytically challenging to date due to the numerous isomers present, limiting our knowledge about their existence and biological roles. Here, we utilized an ultrahigh resolution ion mobility spectrometry platform coupled with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to separate amyloid β (Aβ) peptides containing l-aspartic acid, d-aspartic acid, l-isoaspartic acid, and d-isoaspartic acid residues which span α- and β-linked amino acids in both d- and l-forms. The results illustrate how IMS-MS could be used to better understand age-related diseases or protein folding disorders resulting from amino acid modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Zheng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Liulin Deng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Yehia M. Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352 USA
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11
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Taylor AM, Hsueh MF, Ranganath LR, Gallagher JA, Dillon JP, Huebner JL, Catterall JB, Kraus VB. Cartilage biomarkers in the osteoarthropathy of alkaptonuria reveal low turnover and accelerated ageing. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:156-164. [PMID: 28028161 PMCID: PMC5188995 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare autosomal recessive disease resulting from a single enzyme deficiency in tyrosine metabolism. As a result, homogentisic acid cannot be metabolized, causing systemic increases. Over time, homogentisic acid polymerizes and deposits in collagenous tissues, leading to ochronosis. Typically, this occurs in joint cartilages, leading to an early onset, rapidly progressing osteoarthropathy. The aim of this study was to examine tissue turnover in cartilage affected by ochronosis and its role in disease initiation and progression. METHODS With informed patient consent, hip and knee cartilages were obtained at surgery for arthropathy due to AKU (n = 6; 2 knees/4 hips) and OA (n = 12; 5 knees/7 hips); healthy non-arthritic (non-OA n = 6; 1 knee/5 hips) cartilages were obtained as waste from trauma surgery. We measured cartilage concentrations (normalized to dry weight) of racemized aspartate, GAG, COMP and deamidated COMP (D-COMP). Unpaired AKU, OA and non-OA samples were compared by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Despite more extractable total protein being obtained from AKU cartilage than from OA or non-OA cartilage, there was significantly less extractable GAG, COMP and D-COMP in AKU samples compared with OA and non-OA comparators. Racemized Asx (aspartate and asparagine) was significantly enriched in AKU cartilage compared with in OA cartilage. CONCLUSIONS These novel data represent the first examination of cartilage matrix components in a sample of patients with AKU, representing almost 10% of the known UK alkaptonuric population. Compared with OA and non-OA, AKU cartilage demonstrates a very low turnover state and has low levels of extractable matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Taylor
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute
| | - Ming-Feng Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jane P Dillon
- Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute
| | - Jon B Catterall
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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12
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Old Proteins in Man: A Field in its Infancy. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:654-664. [PMID: 27426990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has only recently been appreciated that the human body contains many long-lived proteins (LLPs). Their gradual degradation over time contributes to human aging and probably also to a range of age-related disorders. Indeed, the role of progressive damage of proteins in aging may be indicated by the fact that many neurological diseases do not appear until after middle age. A major factor responsible for the deterioration of old proteins is the spontaneous breakdown of susceptible amino acid residues resulting in racemization, truncation, deamidation, and crosslinking. When proteins decompose in this way, their structures and functions may be altered and novel epitopes can be formed that can induce an autoimmune response.
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13
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Heinemeier KM, Schjerling P, Heinemeier J, Møller MB, Krogsgaard MR, Grum-Schwensen T, Petersen MM, Kjaer M. Radiocarbon dating reveals minimal collagen turnover in both healthy and osteoarthritic human cartilage. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:346ra90. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad8335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Grecu D, Irudayaraj VPR, Martinez-Sanz J, Mallet JM, Assairi L. A chirality change in XPC- and Sfi1-derived peptides affects their affinity for centrin. Peptides 2016; 78:77-86. [PMID: 26923803 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-binding protein centrin binds to a hydrophobic motif (W(1)xxL(4)xxxL(8)) included in the sequence of several cellular targets: XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein), Sfi1 (suppressor of fermentation-induced loss of stress resistance protein1), and Sac3 [the central component of the transcription and mRNA export (TREX-2) complex]. However, centrin binding occurs in a reversed orientation (L(8)xxxL(4)xxW(1)) for Sfi1 and Sac3 compared with XPC. Because D-peptides have been investigated for future therapeutic use, we analyzed their centrin-binding properties. Their affinity for centrin was measured using isothermal titration calorimetry. The chirality change in the target-derived peptides affected their ability to bind centrin in a specific manner depending on the sequence orientation of the centrin-binding motif. In contrast to L-XPC-P10, D-XPC-P10 bound C-HsCen1 in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner and to a lesser extent. D-XPC-P10 exhibited a reduced affinity for C-HsCen1 (Ka=0.064 × 10(6) M(-1)) by a factor of 2000 compared with L-XPC-P10 (Ka=132 × 10(6) M(-1)). D-peptides have a lower affinity than L-peptides for centrin, and the strength of this affinity depends on the sequence orientation of the target-derived peptides. The residual affinity observed for D-XPC suggests that the use of d-peptides represents a promising strategy for inhibiting centrin binding to its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Grecu
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U759, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Victor Paul Raj Irudayaraj
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U759, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France; UMR CNRS 7203, Paris Cédex 05, France; ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, Paris Cédex 05, France; Université Paris 6, Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Juan Martinez-Sanz
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U759, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France; UMR9187-U1196, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France
| | - Jean-Maurice Mallet
- UMR CNRS 7203, Paris Cédex 05, France; ENS Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, Paris Cédex 05, France; Université Paris 6, Paris Cédex 05, France
| | - Liliane Assairi
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U759, F-91405 Orsay Cédex, France.
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Aspartic acid racemization reveals a high turnover state in knee compared with hip osteoarthritic cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:374-81. [PMID: 26417696 PMCID: PMC4897591 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated tissue turnover in healthy and osteoarthritic cartilage. We challenge long held views that osteoarthritis (OA) is dominated by a similar turnover process in all joints and present evidence that hip and knee cartilage respond very differently to OA. METHODS d- and l-Aspartate (Asp) were quantified for whole cartilage, collagen and non-collagenous components of cartilage obtained at the time of joint replacement. We computed the Asp racemization ratio (Asp-RR = d/d + l Asp), reflecting the proportion of old to total protein, for each component. RESULTS Compared with hip OA, knee OA collagen fibrils (P < 0.0001), collagen (P = 0.007), and non-collagenous proteins (P = 0.0003) had significantly lower age-adjusted mean Asp-RRs consistent with elevated protein synthesis in knee OA. Knee OA collagen had a mean hydroxyproline/proline (H/P) ratio of 1.2 consistent with the presence of type III collagen whereas hip OA collagen had a mean H/P ratio of 0.99 consistent with type II collagen. Based on Asp-RR, the relative age was significantly different in knee and hip OA (P < 0.0005); on average OA knees were estimated to be 30 yrs 'younger', and OA hips 10 yrs 'older' than non-OA. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic response to OA was strikingly different by joint site. Knee OA cartilage evinced an anabolic response that appeared to be absent in hip OA cartilage. These results challenge the long held view that OA cartilage is capable of only minimal repair and that collagen loss is irreversible.
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16
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Kraus VB, Blanco FJ, Englund M, Karsdal MA, Lohmander LS. Call for standardized definitions of osteoarthritis and risk stratification for clinical trials and clinical use. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1233-41. [PMID: 25865392 PMCID: PMC4516635 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous disorder. The goals of this review are (1) To stimulate use of standardized nomenclature for OA that could serve as building blocks for describing OA and defining OA phenotypes, in short to provide unifying disease concepts for a heterogeneous disorder; and (2) To stimulate establishment of ROAD (Risk of OA Development) and ROAP (Risk of OA Progression) tools analogous to the FRAX™ instrument for predicting risk of fracture in osteoporosis; and (3) To stimulate formulation of tools for identifying disease in its early preradiographic and/or molecular stages - REDI (Reliable Early Disease Identification). Consensus around more sensitive and specific diagnostic criteria for OA could spur development of disease modifying therapies for this entity that has proved so recalcitrant to date. We fully acknowledge that as we move forward, we expect to develop more sophisticated definitions, terminology and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - F J Blanco
- Grupo de Proteomica, ProteoRed/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Englund
- Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, MA, USA
| | | | - L S Lohmander
- Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, and Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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17
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Hooi MYS, Raftery MJ, Truscott RJW. Age-dependent racemization of serine residues in a human chaperone protein. Protein Sci 2014; 22:93-100. [PMID: 23139182 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Racemization is one of the most abundant modifications in long-lived proteins. It has been proposed that the accumulation of such modifications over time could lead to changes in tissues and ultimately human age-related diseases. Serine is one of the main amino acids involved in racemization; however, the site of D-Ser in any aged protein has yet to be reported. In this study, racemization of two residues, Ser 59 and Ser 62, has been demonstrated in an unstructured region of the small heat shock protein, αA-crystallin. αA-crystallin is also the most abundant structural protein in the human lens. D-Ser increased linearly with age in normal lenses, until it accounted for approximately 35% of the Ser at both sites by the age of 75 years. In agreement with a possible role in human age-related disease, levels were significantly higher in cataract lenses. It is likely that such prevalent age-related changes contribute to the denaturation of α-crystallin, and therefore its ability to act as a chaperone. Racemization of amino acids, such as serine, in flexible regions of long-lived proteins, could be associated with the development of human age-related conditions such as cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y S Hooi
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia
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18
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Macromolecular deterioration as the ultimate constraint on human lifespan. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:397-403. [PMID: 21272671 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of tissues and organs in the human body contain abundant proteins that are long-lived. This includes the heart, lung, brain, bone and connective tissues. It is proposed that the accumulation of modifications to such long-lived proteins over a period of decades alters the properties of the organs and tissues in which they reside. Such insidious processes may affect human health, fitness and ultimately may limit our lifespan. The human lens, which contains proteins that do not turnover, is used to illustrate the impact of these gradual deleterious modifications. On the basis of data derived from the lens, it is postulated that the intrinsic instability of certain amino acid residues, which leads to truncation, racemisation and deamidation, is primarily responsible for the age-related deterioration of such proteins. Since these post-translational modifications accumulate over a period of many years, they can only be studied using organisms that have lifespans measured in decades. One conclusion is that there may be important aspects of human aging that can be studied only using long-lived animals.
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Hooi MYS, Truscott RJW. Racemisation and human cataract. D-Ser, D-Asp/Asn and D-Thr are higher in the lifelong proteins of cataract lenses than in age-matched normal lenses. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:131-41. [PMID: 20686926 PMCID: PMC3127471 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ASTRACT: Several amino acids were found to undergo progressive age-dependent racemisation in the lifelong proteins of normal human lenses. The two most highly racemised were Ser and Asx. By age 70, 4.5% of all Ser residues had been racemised, along with >9% of Asx residues. Such a high level of inversion, equivalent to between 2 and 3 D- amino acids per polypeptide chain, is likely to induce significant denaturation of the crystallins in aged lenses. Thr, Glx and Phe underwent age-dependent racemisation to a smaller degree. In model experiments, D- amino acid content could be increased simply by exposing intact lenses to elevated temperature. In cataract lenses, the extent of racemisation of Ser, Asx and Thr residues was significantly greater than for age-matched normal lenses. This was true, even for cataract lenses removed from patients at the earliest ages where age-related cataract is observed clinically. Racemisation of amino acids in crystallins may arise due to prolonged exposure of these proteins to ocular temperatures and increased levels of racemisation may play a significant role in the opacification of human lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yu Sung Hooi
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
| | - Roger J. W. Truscott
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia
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20
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Catterall JB, Stabler TV, Flannery CR, Kraus VB. Changes in serum and synovial fluid biomarkers after acute injury (NCT00332254). Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R229. [PMID: 21194441 PMCID: PMC3046542 DOI: 10.1186/ar3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute trauma involving the anterior cruciate ligament is believed to be a major risk factor for the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis 10 to 20 years post-injury. In this study, to better understand the early biological changes which occur after acute injury, we investigated synovial fluid and serum biomarkers. METHODS We collected serum from 11 patients without pre-existing osteoarthritis from a pilot intervention trial (5 placebo and 6 drug treated) using an intra-articular interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) therapy, 9 of which also supplied matched synovial fluid samples at presentation to the clinic after acute knee injury (mean 15.2 ± 7.2 days) and at the follow-up visit for reconstructive surgery (mean 47.6 ± 12.4 days). To exclude patients with pre-existing osteoarthritis (OA), the study was limited to individuals younger than 40 years of age (mean 23 ± 3.5) with no prior history of joint symptoms or trauma. We profiled a total of 21 biomarkers; 20 biomarkers in synovial fluid and 13 in serum with 12 biomarkers measured in both fluids. Biomarkers analyzed in this study were found to be independent of treatment (P > 0.05) as measured by Mann-Whitney and two-way ANOVA. RESULTS We observed significant decreases in synovial fluid (sf) biomarker concentrations from baseline to follow-up for (sf)C-Reactive protein (CRP) (P = 0.039), (sf)lubricin (P = 0.008) and the proteoglycan biomarkers: (sf)Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) (P = 0.019), and (sf)Alanine-Arginine-Glycine-Serine (ARGS) aggrecan (P = 0.004). In contrast, we observed significant increases in the collagen biomarkers: (sf)C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide type II collagen (CTxII) (P = 0.012), (sf)C1,2C (P = 0.039), (sf)C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide type I collagen (CTxI) (P = 0.004), and (sf)N-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) (P = 0.008). The concentrations of seven biomarkers were significantly higher in synovial fluid than serum suggesting release from the signal knee: IL-1β (P < 0.0001), fetal aggrecan FA846 (P = 0.0001), CTxI (P = 0.0002), NTx (P = 0.012), osteocalcin (P = 0.012), Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) (P = 0.0001) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 (P = 0.0001). For these seven biomarkers we found significant correlations between the serum and synovial fluid concentrations for only CTxI (P = 0.0002), NTx (P < 0.0001), osteocalcin (P = 0.0002) and MMP-3 (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that the biology after acute injury reflects that seen in cartilage explant models stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are characterized by an initial wave of proteoglycan loss followed by subsequent collagen loss. As the rise of collagen biomarkers in synovial fluid occurs within the first month after injury, and as collagen loss is thought to be irreversible, very early treatment with agents to either reduce inflammation and/or reduce collagen loss may have the potential to reduce the onset of future post-traumatic osteoarthritis. TRIAL REGISTRATION The samples used in this study were derived from a clinical trial NCT00332254 registered with ClinicalTrial.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Catterall
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Genome Science Research Building I, 905 South LaSalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Thomas V Stabler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Genome Science Research Building I, 905 South LaSalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carl R Flannery
- Tissue Repair Research Unit, BioTherapeutics Division, Pfizer Inc., 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Genome Science Research Building I, 905 South LaSalle Street, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Catterall JB, Barr D, Bolognesi M, Zura RD, Kraus VB. Post-translational aging of proteins in osteoarthritic cartilage and synovial fluid as measured by isomerized aspartate. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R55. [PMID: 19371408 PMCID: PMC2688206 DOI: 10.1186/ar2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging proteins undergo non-enzymatic post-translational modification, including isomerization and racemization. We hypothesized that cartilage with many long-lived components could accumulate non-enzymatically modified amino acids in the form of isomerized aspartate and that its liberation due to osteoarthritis (OA)-related cartilage degradation could reflect OA severity. Methods Articular cartilage and synovial fluid were obtained from 14 randomly selected total knee arthroplasty cases (56 to 79 years old) and non-arthritis cartilage from 8 trauma cases (51 to 83 years old). Paired lesional cartilage and non-lesioned OA cartilage were graded histologically using a modified Mankin system. Paired cartilage and synovial fluids were assayed for isomerized aspartate, phosphate-buffered saline/EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) extractable glycosaminoglycans, and total protein. Macroscopically normal non-lesioned OA cartilage was separated into superficial and deep regions when cartilage thickness was at least 3 mm (n = 6). Results Normalized to cartilage wet weight, normal cartilage and deep non-lesioned OA cartilage contained significantly (P < 0.05) more isomerized aspartate than superficial non-lesioned OA cartilage and lesioned cartilage. Synovial fluid isomerized aspartate correlated positively (R2 = 0.53, P = 0.02) and glycosaminoglycans correlated negatively (R2 = 0.42, P = 0.04) with histological OA lesion severity. Neither synovial fluid isomerized aspartate nor glycosaminoglycans nor total protein correlated with histological scores of non-lesioned areas. Conclusions We show for the first time that human cartilage and synovial fluid contain measurable quantities of an isomerized amino acid and that synovial fluid concentrations of isomerized aspartate reflected severity of histological OA. Further assessment is warranted to identify the cartilage proteins containing this modification and to assess the functional consequences and biomarker applications of this analyte in OA.
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