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The roles of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncoprotein in ocular diseases: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 217:108910. [PMID: 34998788 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and the primary negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53, cooperates with its structural homolog MDM4/MDMX to control intracellular p53 level. In turn, overexpression of p53 upregulates and forms an autoregulatory feedback loop with MDM2. The MDM2-p53 axis plays a pivotal role in modulating cell cycle control and apoptosis. MDM2 itself is regulated by the PI3K-AKT and RB-E2F-ARF pathways. While amplification of the MDM2 gene or overexpression of MDM2 (due to MDM2 SNP T309G, for instance) is associated with various malignancies, numerous studies have shown that MDM2/p53 alterations may also play a part in the pathogenetic process of certain ocular disorders (Fig. 1). These include cancers (retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma), fibrocellular proliferative diseases (proliferative vitreoretinopathy, pterygium), neovascular diseases, degenerative diseases (cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration) and infectious/inflammatory diseases (trachoma, uveitis). In addition, MDM2 is implicated in retinogenesis and regeneration after optic nerve injury. Anti-MDM2 therapy has shown potential as a novel approach to treating these diseases. Despite major safety concerns, there are high expectations for the clinical value of reformative MDM2 inhibitors. This review summarizes important findings about the role of MDM2 in ocular pathologies and provides an overview of recent advances in treating these diseases with anti-MDM2 therapies.
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Escala-Garcia M, Guo Q, Dörk T, Canisius S, Keeman R, Dennis J, Beesley J, Lecarpentier J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Abraham J, Andrulis IL, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Auer PL, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Bermisheva M, Bernstein L, Blomqvist C, Boeckx B, Bojesen SE, Bonanni B, Børresen-Dale AL, Brauch H, Brenner H, Brentnall A, Brinton L, Broberg P, Brock IW, Brucker SY, Burwinkel B, Caldas C, Caldés T, Campa D, Canzian F, Carracedo A, Carter BD, Castelao JE, Chang-Claude J, Chanock SJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Cheng TYD, Chin SF, Clarke CL, Cordina-Duverger E, Couch FJ, Cox DG, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Daly MB, Devilee P, Dunn JA, Dunning AM, Durcan L, Dwek M, Earl HM, Ekici AB, Eliassen AH, Ellberg C, Engel C, Eriksson M, Evans DG, Figueroa J, Flesch-Janys D, Flyger H, Gabrielson M, Gago-Dominguez M, Galle E, Gapstur SM, García-Closas M, García-Sáenz JA, Gaudet MM, George A, Georgoulias V, Giles GG, Glendon G, Goldgar DE, González-Neira A, Alnæs GIG, Grip M, Guénel P, Haeberle L, Hahnen E, Haiman CA, Håkansson N, Hall P, Hamann U, Hankinson S, Harkness EF, Harrington PA, Hart SN, Hartikainen JM, Hein A, Hillemanns P, Hiller L, Holleczek B, Hollestelle A, Hooning MJ, Hoover RN, Hopper JL, Howell A, Huang G, Humphreys K, Hunter DJ, Janni W, John EM, Jones ME, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Jung A, Kaaks R, Kabisch M, Kaczmarek K, Kerin MJ, Khan S, Khusnutdinova E, Kiiski JI, Kitahara CM, Knight JA, Ko YD, Koppert LB, Kosma VM, Kraft P, Kristensen VN, Krüger U, Kühl T, Lambrechts D, Le Marchand L, Lee E, Lejbkowicz F, Li L, Lindblom A, Lindström S, Linet M, Lissowska J, Lo WY, Loibl S, Lubiński J, Lux MP, MacInnis RJ, Maierthaler M, Maishman T, Makalic E, Mannermaa A, Manoochehri M, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Martinez ME, Mavroudis D, McLean C, Meindl A, Middha P, Miller N, Milne RL, Moreno F, Mulligan AM, Mulot C, Nassir R, Neuhausen SL, Newman WT, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, Norman A, Olsson H, Orr N, Pankratz VS, Park-Simon TW, Perez JIA, Pérez-Barrios C, Peterlongo P, Petridis C, Pinchev M, Prajzendanc K, Prentice R, Presneau N, Prokofieva D, Pylkäs K, Rack B, Radice P, Ramachandran D, Rennert G, Rennert HS, Rhenius V, Romero A, Roylance R, Saloustros E, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt DF, Schmutzler RK, Schneeweiss A, Schoemaker MJ, Schumacher F, Schwentner L, Scott RJ, Scott C, Seynaeve C, Shah M, Simard J, Smeets A, Sohn C, Southey MC, Swerdlow AJ, Talhouk A, Tamimi RM, Tapper WJ, Teixeira MR, Tengström M, Terry MB, Thöne K, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, Turman C, Turnbull C, Ulmer HU, Untch M, Vachon C, van Asperen CJ, van den Ouweland AMW, van Veen EM, Wendt C, Whittemore AS, Willett W, Winqvist R, Wolk A, Yang XR, Zhang Y, Easton DF, Fasching PA, Nevanlinna H, Eccles DM, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK. Genome-wide association study of germline variants and breast cancer-specific mortality. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:647-657. [PMID: 30787463 PMCID: PMC6461853 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the associations between germline variants and breast cancer mortality using a large meta-analysis of women of European ancestry. METHODS Meta-analyses included summary estimates based on Cox models of twelve datasets using ~10.4 million variants for 96,661 women with breast cancer and 7697 events (breast cancer-specific deaths). Oestrogen receptor (ER)-specific analyses were based on 64,171 ER-positive (4116) and 16,172 ER-negative (2125) patients. We evaluated the probability of a signal to be a true positive using the Bayesian false discovery probability (BFDP). RESULTS We did not find any variant associated with breast cancer-specific mortality at P < 5 × 10-8. For ER-positive disease, the most significantly associated variant was chr7:rs4717568 (BFDP = 7%, P = 1.28 × 10-7, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84-0.92); the closest gene is AUTS2. For ER-negative disease, the most significant variant was chr7:rs67918676 (BFDP = 11%, P = 1.38 × 10-7, HR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.16-1.39); located within a long intergenic non-coding RNA gene (AC004009.3), close to the HOXA gene cluster. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered germline variants on chromosome 7 at BFDP < 15% close to genes for which there is biological evidence related to breast cancer outcome. However, the paucity of variants associated with mortality at genome-wide significance underpins the challenge in providing genetic-based individualised prognostic information for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Escala-Garcia
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qi Guo
- University of Cambridge, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sander Canisius
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Keeman
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joe Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Lecarpentier
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jean Abraham
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Molecular Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- University of California Irvine, Department of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul L Auer
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- University of Helsinki, Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Örebro University Hospital, Department of Oncology, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bram Boeckx
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlevand Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS Milan, Milan, 20141, Italy
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway; Section for Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Cancer, Division of Surgery, Cancer and Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology at Akershus University hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Division of Surgery and Cancer and Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Breast Cancer Research Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Division of Preventive Oncology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Brentnall
- Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, UK
| | - Louise Brinton
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Per Broberg
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ian W Brock
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- University of Tübingen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Cancer Genetics, London, UK
| | - Trinidad Caldés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Cl'nico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Campa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Pisa, Department of Biology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago De Compostela, Spain
- King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Brian D Carter
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose E Castelao
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Oncology and Genetics Unit, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine L Clarke
- University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emilie Cordina-Duverger
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David G Cox
- Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, London, UK
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, INSERM U1052, Lyon, France
| | - Angela Cox
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield Institute for Nucleic Acids (SInFoNiA), Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- University of Sheffield, Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary B Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Devilee
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janet A Dunn
- University of Warwick, Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorraine Durcan
- University of Southampton, Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- University of Southampton, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Miriam Dwek
- University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Helena M Earl
- University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina Ellberg
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christoph Engel
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Gareth Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Marys Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marike Gabrielson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuela Gago-Dominguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Genomic Medicine Group, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eva Galle
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - José A García-Sáenz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Cl'nico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- American Cancer Society, Epidemiology Research Program, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angela George
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Cancer Genetics Unit, London, UK
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash University, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David E Goldgar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mervi Grip
- University of Oulu, Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pascal Guénel
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- University Hospital of Cologne, Centre for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
- South General Hospital, Department of Oncology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ute Hamann
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susan Hankinson
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Elaine F Harkness
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Nightingale Breast Screening Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester, UK
| | - Patricia A Harrington
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven N Hart
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Hein
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Hannover Medical School, Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover, Germany
| | - Louise Hiller
- University of Warwick, Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Hoover
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Howell
- University of Manchester, Institute of Cancer studies, Manchester, UK
| | - Guanmengqian Huang
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Hunter
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Esther M John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Department of Epidemiology, Fremont, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael E Jones
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | | | - Audrey Jung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michael J Kerin
- National University of Ireland, Surgery, School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sofia Khan
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Ufa Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa, Russia
- Bashkir State University, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa, Russia
| | - Johanna I Kiiski
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia A Knight
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yon-Dschun Ko
- Johanniter Krankenhaus, Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linetta B Koppert
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Surgical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Kraft
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway; Section for Breast- and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Cancer, Division of Surgery, Cancer and Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology at Akershus University hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Division of Surgery and Cancer and Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Late Effects after Cancer Treatment, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Breast Cancer Research Consortium, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ute Krüger
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tabea Kühl
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- University of Leuven, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Epidemiology Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Flavio Lejbkowicz
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lian Li
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Lindström
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martha Linet
- National Cancer Institute, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Centre, Oncology Institute, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wing-Yee Lo
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Lubiński
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michael P Lux
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Erlangen-EMN, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Maierthaler
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom Maishman
- University of Southampton, Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
- University of Southampton, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Enes Makalic
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mehdi Manoochehri
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Sšdersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- University Hospital of Heraklion, Department of Medical Oncology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Catriona McLean
- The Alfred Hospital, Anatomical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Pooja Middha
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Miller
- National University of Ireland, Surgery, School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Council Victoria, Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fernando Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Cl'nico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- University of Toronto, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Laboratory Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Mulot
- INSERM UMR-S1147, Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rami Nassir
- University of California Davis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Department of Population Sciences, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - William T Newman
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Marys Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlevand Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlevand Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron Norman
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Lund University, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nick Orr
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Belfast, Ireland, UK
| | - V Shane Pankratz
- University of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Jose I A Perez
- Hospital Monte Naranco, Servicio de Cirug'a General y Especialidades, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Barrios
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM, Milan, Italy
| | - Christos Petridis
- King's College London, Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mila Pinchev
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Karoliona Prajzendanc
- Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ross Prentice
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention Program, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadege Presneau
- University of Westminster, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, London, UK
| | - Darya Prokofieva
- Bashkir State University, Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Ufa, Russia
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- University of Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocentre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Oulu, Finland
| | - Brigitte Rack
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gadi Rennert
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hedy S Rennert
- Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valerie Rhenius
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Atocha Romero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Medical Oncology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Elinor J Sawyer
- King's College London, Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel F Schmidt
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- University Hospital of Cologne, Centre for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, National Centre for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minouk J Schoemaker
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Rodney J Scott
- John Hunter Hospital, Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Discipline of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- John Hunter Hospital, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Centre for Information Based Medicine, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Scott
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Centre, Genomics Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ann Smeets
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Surgical Oncology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christof Sohn
- University of Heidelberg, National Centre for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Monash University, Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Swerdlow
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Breast Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aline Talhouk
- BC Cancer Agency and University of British Columbia, British Columbia's Ovarian Cancer Research (OVCARE) Program, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Portuguese Oncology Institute, Department of Genetics, Porto, Portugal
- University of Porto, Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Tengström
- University of Eastern Finland, Translational Cancer Research Area, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, Cancer Centre, Kuopio, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathrin Thöne
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Cancer Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Institute of Human Genetics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Villejuif, France
| | - Constance Turman
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare Turnbull
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Untch
- Helios Clinics Berlin-Buch, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Celine Vachon
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elke M van Veen
- University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Evolution and Genomic Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
- St Marys Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Camilla Wendt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- University of Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocentre Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre Oulu, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumour Biology, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center ER-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana M Eccles
- University of Southampton, Cancer Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge, UK
- University of Cambridge, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Division of Molecular Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Miedl H, Lebhard J, Ehart L, Schreiber M. Association of the MDM2 SNP285 and SNP309 Genetic Variants with the Risk, Age at Onset and Prognosis of Breast Cancer in Central European Women: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030509. [PMID: 30691044 PMCID: PMC6387136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SNP309T>G (rs2279744) and SNP285G>C (rs117039649) in the MDM2 promoter are thought to have opposite effects on the binding of transcription factor SP1 (specificity protein 1), and consequently on MDM2 expression, p53 levels, cancer risk, age at onset, and prognosis. Here, we genotyped SNP309 and SNP285 in 406 Austrian breast cancer patients and 254 female controls. The SNP309GG genotype was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in p53 negative (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.09–3.03; p = 0.02), but not p53 positive or unselected patients. In contrast, the SNP309TT genotype was associated with an earlier age at onset (TT, 57.0 ± 12.9; TG, 58.6 ± 13.9; GG, 59.7 ± 15.0 years; p = 0.048). 31% of SNP309TT, 26% of TG, and 13% of GG tumors were p53 positive (p = 0.034), indicating a lower selective pressure to mutate TP53 in the presence of the G-allele. Moreover, SNP309TT patients exhibited a shortened metastasis-free survival in multivariable analysis. Censoring carriers of the SNP285C-allele hardly altered the strength of these associations of SNP309, thus challenging the proposed antagonistic function of SNP285C towards SNP309G. The minor SNP285C-allele tended to be non-significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk and a poor disease-free and metastasis-free survival, which may be bystander effects of its complete linkage disequilibrium with SNP309G. We conclude that the SNP309G-allele attenuates the p53-response and leads to a higher breast cancer risk, but also to a later onset of breast cancer and a trend towards a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Miedl
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Dmitrieva AI, Serebryakova VA, Rakitin SS, Kudyakov LA, Novitskii VV, Yankovich KI, Sevostyanova NV. Study of the Association of Polymorphisms of p53 and p21 with the Risk of Development of Stomach Cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:95-98. [PMID: 29124536 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A real-time PCR with hybridization and fluorescent detection was used to analyze the distribution of p53 G215C, p21A1026G, and G369C gene polymorphisms in patients with stomach cancer and healthy subjects. It was found that allele C, genotypes of CC and GC of G215C p53, and G369C p21 polymorphisms and allele A and AA and GA genotypes of A1026G p21 polymorphism are significantly associated with the risk of stomach cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Dmitrieva
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia. .,Tomsk Regional Oncology Center, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - V A Serebryakova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Tomsk Regional Oncology Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - S S Rakitin
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - V V Novitskii
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - K I Yankovich
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Tomsk Regional Oncology Center, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Sevostyanova
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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5
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Habyarimana T, Attaleb M, Mugenzi P, Mazarati JB, Bakri Y, El Mzibri M. Association of p53 Codon 72 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer in a Rwandese Population. Pathobiology 2017; 85:186-191. [PMID: 29131100 DOI: 10.1159/000481664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A common polymorphism in the tumor suppressor gene p53 at codon 72 has been suggested to play a role in the development of a number of cancers. This polymorphism has been studied in many populations worldwide, with conflicting results. The present study was planned to assess the association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with breast cancer development in a Rwandese population. METHODS In this study, the polymorphism was examined by allele-specific PCR analysis in 40 patients with breast cancer and 39 healthy controls. RESULTS The heterozygous genotype Pro/Arg prevailed in both breast cancer patients and controls, and was present in 80% (32/40) and 92.3% (36/39) of cases, respectively. No statistically significant association was observed between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Distribution of p53 genotypes was also studied according to familial history, tumor grade, and clinical stage, and results clearly showed no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION These results suggest that p53 codon 72 polymorphism could not be assessed as a risk factor marker for predisposition to breast cancer in Rwanda. However, further studies using larger sample sizes are needed to provide more conclusive results and to investigate other genetic mutations affecting the activity of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Habyarimana
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Rabat, Morocco.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.,Biomedical Services Department, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Mohammed Attaleb
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pacifique Mugenzi
- Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda.,King Faysal Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Youssef Bakri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Rabat, Morocco
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6
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Duan X, Li J. Association between MDM2 SNP309, p53 Arg72Pro, and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: A MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7856. [PMID: 28885338 PMCID: PMC6392589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have determined the associations between polymorphisms on the promoter of MDM2 (SNP309) and the codon 72 on exon 4 of p53 (p53 Arg72Pro) and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the results were not always consistent. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the overall associations between these 2 variants and HCC risk.The MEDLINE, Web of science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were searched for eligibility studies and the data were synthesized under the fixed- or random-effects model. Heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated with the Cochrane test Q and I statistic.For MDM2 SNP309, the pooled odds ratio (OR) from 15 independent studies with a total of 4038 cases and 5491 controls suggested a significant association for the variant with HCC risk [allele model, G vs T: pooled OR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.26-1.73; pooled OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.26-1.81, for G/T vs T/T; pooled OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.54-2.71 for G/G vs T/T]. For p53 Arg72Pro, a total of 21 studies with 7285 cases and 9710 controls suggested that the variant was also associated with HCC risk under common genetic model (allele Pro vs Arg, pooled OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.25; Pro/Pro vs Arg/Arg, pooled OR = 1.32, 95% CI =1.06-1.64). No publication bias was found for all the meta-analysis as suggested by the Begg funnel plot and Egger tests.These results suggested that variants MDM2 SNP309 and p53 Arg72Pro are susceptibility factors for HCC; however, more studies are warranted to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Duan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University
| | - Jingquan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Fagerholm R, Khan S, Schmidt MK, GarcClosas M, Heikkilä P, Saarela J, Beesley J, Jamshidi M, Aittomäki K, Liu J, Raza Ali H, Andrulis IL, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Blows FM, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Couch FJ, Czene K, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Floris G, Glendon G, Guo Q, Hall P, Hallberg E, Hamann U, Holleczek B, Hooning MJ, Hopper JL, Jager A, Kabisch M, Investigators KC, Keeman R, Kosma VM, Lambrechts D, Lindblom A, Mannermaa A, Margolin S, Provenzano E, Shah M, Southey MC, Dennis J, Lush M, Michailidou K, Wang Q, Bolla MK, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Pharoah PD., Chenevix-Trench G, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. TP53-based interaction analysis identifies cis-eQTL variants for TP53BP2, FBXO28, and FAM53A that associate with survival and treatment outcome in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18381-18398. [PMID: 28179588 PMCID: PMC5392336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 overexpression is indicative of somatic TP53 mutations and associates with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis in breast cancer. We utilized a two-stage SNP association study to detect variants associated with breast cancer survival in a TP53-dependent manner. Initially, a genome-wide study (n = 575 cases) was conducted to discover candidate SNPs for genotyping and validation in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). The SNPs were then tested for interaction with tumor TP53 status (n = 4,610) and anthracycline treatment (n = 17,828). For SNPs interacting with anthracycline treatment, siRNA knockdown experiments were carried out to validate candidate genes.In the test for interaction between SNP genotype and TP53 status, we identified one locus, represented by rs10916264 (p(interaction) = 3.44 × 10-5; FDR-adjusted p = 0.0011) in estrogen receptor (ER) positive cases. The rs10916264 AA genotype associated with worse survival among cases with ER-positive, TP53-positive tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 2.36, 95% confidence interval [C.I] 1.45 - 3.82). This is a cis-eQTL locus for FBXO28 and TP53BP2; expression levels of these genes were associated with patient survival specifically in ER-positive, TP53-mutated tumors. Additionally, the SNP rs798755 was associated with survival in interaction with anthracycline treatment (p(interaction) = 9.57 × 10-5, FDR-adjusted p = 0.0130). RNAi-based depletion of a predicted regulatory target gene, FAM53A, indicated that this gene can modulate doxorubicin sensitivity in breast cancer cell lines.If confirmed in independent data sets, these results may be of clinical relevance in the development of prognostic and predictive marker panels for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat GarcClosas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Päivi Heikkilä
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maral Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H. Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fiona M. Blows
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, KULeuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Qi Guo
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Renske Keeman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Lush
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D.P . Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Hossain A, Murshid GMM, Zilani MNH, Islam F, Sultana R, Sultana T, Hossain MG, Rahman MM. TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and breast cancer risk in Bangladeshi population. Breast Cancer 2016; 24:571-578. [PMID: 27837441 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer, a hereditary or heterogeneous sporadic disease, is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The tumor suppressor TP53 gene has been found to be the most commonly mutated genes in many types of human cancers, including breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the association of codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene with breast cancer risk in Bangladeshi females. METHODS The study included 125 cases and 125 healthy controls. Genotyping and polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS The frequencies of the three genotypes Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, and Pro/Pro were 43.2, 33.6, and 23.2% in cases, whereas 48.8, 40.8, and 10.4% in controls, respectively. The frequency of mutant homozygous (Pro/Pro) genotype was significantly increased in breast cancer patients as compared with controls (23.2 vs 10.4%), and showed 2.52-fold significantly increased risk for breast cancer (OR 2.5199, 95% CI 1.19-5.33, p = 0.0157). The frequencies of Pro/Pro genotype were significantly higher in breast cancer cases with non-breast feeding status. Pro allele frequency was found to be significantly increased in breast cancer cases (OR 1.4978, 95% CI 1.0357-2.1662, p = 0.0318). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that mutant (Pro/Pro) homozygosity at codon 72 of TP53 gene is significantly associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Bangladeshi women. In addition, this association was significantly related to lactating status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossain
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Fahrima Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | - Md Golam Hossain
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mustafizur Rahman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh.
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9
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McGraw KL, Cluzeau T, Sallman DA, Basiorka AA, Irvine BA, Zhang L, Epling-Burnette PK, Rollison DE, Mallo M, Sokol L, Solé F, Maciejewski J, List AF. TP53 and MDM2 single nucleotide polymorphisms influence survival in non-del(5q) myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34437-45. [PMID: 26416416 PMCID: PMC4741464 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P53 is a key regulator of many cellular processes and is negatively regulated by the human homolog of murine double minute-2 (MDM2) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of either gene alone, and in combination, are linked to cancer susceptibility, disease progression, and therapy response. We analyzed the interaction of TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 SNPs in relationship to outcome in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Sanger sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from 208 MDS cases. Utilizing a novel functional SNP scoring system ranging from +2 to −2 based on predicted p53 activity, we found statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.02) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) in non-del(5q) MDS patients with low functional scores. In univariate analysis, only IPSS and the functional SNP score predicted OS and PFS in non-del(5q) patients. In multivariate analysis, the functional SNP score was independent of IPSS for OS and PFS. These data underscore the importance of TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 SNPs in MDS, and provide a novel scoring system independent of IPSS that is predictive for disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy L McGraw
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Cluzeau
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Hematology Department, CHU of Nice, Nice, France.,University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.,Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, INSERM U1065, Nice, France.,French Group of Myelodysplasia, France
| | - David A Sallman
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ashley A Basiorka
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute and The Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brittany A Irvine
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - P K Epling-Burnette
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mar Mallo
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lubomir Sokol
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Francesc Solé
- Institut de Recerca Contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras (IJC) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alan F List
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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10
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Suresh PS, Venkatesh T, Tsutsumi R. In silico analysis of polymorphisms in microRNAs that target genes affecting aerobic glycolysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:69. [PMID: 27004216 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells preferentially metabolize glucose through aerobic glycolysis, an observation known as the Warburg effect. Recently, studies have deciphered the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in regulating the Warburg effect. Furthermore, mutations in glycolytic enzymes identified in various cancers highlight the importance of the Warburg effect at the molecular and cellular level. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and are dysregulated in the pathogenesis of various types of human cancers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes may affect miRNA biogenesis, processing, function, and stability and provide additional complexity in the pathogenesis of cancer. Moreover, mutations in miRNA target sequences in target mRNAs can affect expression. METHODS In silico analysis and cataloguing polymorphisms in miRNA genes that target genes directly or indirectly controlling aerobic glycolysis was carried out using different publically available databases. RESULTS miRNA SNP2.0 database revealed several SNPs in miR-126 and miR-25 in the upstream and downstream pre-miRNA flanking regions respectively should be inserted after flanking regions and miR-504 and miR-451 had the fewest. These miRNAs target genes that control aerobic glycolysis indirectly. SNPs in premiRNA genes were found in miR-96, miR-155, miR-25 and miR34a by miRNASNP. Dragon database of polymorphic regulation of miRNA genes (dPORE-miRNA) database revealed several SNPs that modify transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) or creating new TFBS in promoter regions of selected miRNA genes as analyzed by dPORE-miRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results raise the possibility that integration of SNP analysis in miRNA genes with studies of metabolic adaptations in cancer cells could provide greater understanding of oncogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanaban S Suresh
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India ; 2 Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte University, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India ; 3 Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Thejaswini Venkatesh
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India ; 2 Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte University, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India ; 3 Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Rie Tsutsumi
- 1 Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India ; 2 Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte University, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India ; 3 Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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11
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Pirie A, Guo Q, Kraft P, Canisius S, Eccles DM, Rahman N, Nevanlinna H, Chen C, Khan S, Tyrer J, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Lush M, Dunning AM, Shah M, Czene K, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Lambrechts D, Weltens C, Leunen K, van Ongeval C, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Flyger H, Rudolph A, Seibold P, Flesch-Janys D, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Fagerholm R, Muranen TA, Olsen JE, Hallberg E, Vachon C, Knight JA, Glendon G, Mulligan AM, Broeks A, Cornelissen S, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Schumacher F, Le Marchand L, Hopper JL, Tsimiklis H, Apicella C, Southey MC, Cross SS, Reed MWR, Giles GG, Milne RL, McLean C, Winqvist R, Pylkäs K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Grip M, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, Martens JWM, van den Ouweland AMW, Marme F, Schneeweiss A, Yang R, Burwinkel B, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Kerin MJ, Miller N, Brenner H, Butterbach K, Holleczek B, Kataja V, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Li J, Brand JS, Humphreys K, Devilee P, Tollenaar RAEM, Seynaeve C, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Manoukian S, Ficarazzi F, Beckmann MW, Hein A, Ekici AB, Balleine R, Phillips KA, Benitez J, Zamora MP, Perez JIA, Menéndez P, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Gronwald J, Durda K, Hamann U, Kabisch M, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Margolin S, Kristensen V, Nord S, Evans DG, Abraham J, Earl H, Poole CJ, Hiller L, Dunn JA, Bowden S, Yang R, Campa D, Diver WR, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Hankinson S, Hoover RN, Hüsing A, Kaaks R, Machiela MJ, Willett W, Barrdahl M, Canzian F, Chin SF, Caldas C, Hunter DJ, Lindstrom S, Garcia-Closas M, Couch FJ, Chenevix-Trench G, Mannermaa A, Andrulis IL, Hall P, Chang-Claude J, Easton DF, Bojesen SE, Cox A, Fasching PA, Pharoah PDP, Schmidt MK. Common germline polymorphisms associated with breast cancer-specific survival. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:58. [PMID: 25897948 PMCID: PMC4484708 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have identified common germline variants nominally associated with breast cancer survival. These associations have not been widely replicated in further studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of previously reported SNPs with breast cancer-specific survival using data from a pooled analysis of eight breast cancer survival genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. METHODS A literature review was conducted of all previously published associations between common germline variants and three survival outcomes: breast cancer-specific survival, overall survival and disease-free survival. All associations that reached the nominal significance level of P value <0.05 were included. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that had been previously reported as nominally associated with at least one survival outcome were evaluated in the pooled analysis of over 37,000 breast cancer cases for association with breast cancer-specific survival. Previous associations were evaluated using a one-sided test based on the reported direction of effect. RESULTS Fifty-six variants from 45 previous publications were evaluated in the meta-analysis. Fifty-four of these were evaluated in the full set of 37,954 breast cancer cases with 2,900 events and the two additional variants were evaluated in a reduced sample size of 30,000 samples in order to ensure independence from the previously published studies. Five variants reached nominal significance (P <0.05) in the pooled GWAS data compared to 2.8 expected under the null hypothesis. Seven additional variants were associated (P <0.05) with ER-positive disease. CONCLUSIONS Although no variants reached genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10(-8)), these results suggest that there is some evidence of association between candidate common germline variants and breast cancer prognosis. Larger studies from multinational collaborations are necessary to increase the power to detect associations, between common variants and prognosis, at more stringent significance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailith Pirie
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Qi Guo
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Peter Kraft
- />Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sander Canisius
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana M Eccles
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Nazneen Rahman
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey, UK
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Constance Chen
- />Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sofia Khan
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Tyrer
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Qin Wang
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Michael Lush
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Dieter Lambrechts
- />Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vib, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Weltens
- />Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Leunen
- />Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal van Ongeval
- />Oncology Department, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- />Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2220 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- />Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- />Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anja Rudolph
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology/Clinical Cancer Registry and Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- />Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Sairaalatie 8, 08 200 LOHJA Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A Muranen
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janet E Olsen
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Julia A Knight
- />Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7 Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
- />Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Annegien Broeks
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Frederick Schumacher
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- />Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA
| | - John L Hopper
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Helen Tsimiklis
- />Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- />Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Simon S Cross
- />Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ UK
| | - Malcolm WR Reed
- />CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Graham G Giles
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004 Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- />Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3007 Australia
| | - Robert Winqvist
- />Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- />Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Genetics and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Arja Jukkola-Vuorinen
- />Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Grip
- />Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John WM Martens
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans MW van den Ouweland
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Federick Marme
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- />National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- />National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rongxi Yang
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 9, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
- />Core Genotyping Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8717 Grovemont Circle, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Roentena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- />Division of Cancer Studies, NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust in Partnership with King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, SE1 1UL London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Michael J Kerin
- />Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicola Miller
- />Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- />Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Butterbach
- />Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- />Saarland Cancer Registry, Präsident Baltz Strasse 5, 66119 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Vesa Kataja
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology and Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jingmei Li
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Keith Humphreys
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- />Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert AEM Tollenaar
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus McCancer Institute, ’s-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Radice
- />Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT), Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139 Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- />IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- />Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori (INT), Via Adamello 16, Milan, 20139 Italy
| | - Filomena Ficarazzi
- />IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC Di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- />Cogentech Cancer Genetic Test Laboratory, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- />Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rosemary Balleine
- />Western Sydney and Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health Districts, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Road, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- />Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- />Peter Maccallum Cancer Center, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, VIC 3002 Australia
- />Sir Peter Maccallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, 2 St Andrews Place, Melbourne, VIC 3002 Australia
| | | | - Javier Benitez
- />Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Calle de Melchor Fernández, Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid Spain
- />Centro de Investigación En Red De Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Calle de Álvaro de Bazán, 10 Bajo, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Zamora
- />Servicio de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ignacio Arias Perez
- />Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 107, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Primitiva Menéndez
- />Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Monte Naranco, Avenida Doctores Fernández Vega, 107, 33012 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Durda
- />Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Rybacka 1, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ute Hamann
- />Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- />Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Ulrich Ulmer
- />Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, Balger Strasse 50, 76532 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- />Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara Margolin
- />Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23b, Stockholm, 171 65 Sweden
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- />Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Problemveien 7, Oslo, 0313 Norway
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, 0379 Oslo Norway
| | - Siljie Nord
- />Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Problemveien 7, Oslo, 0313 Norway
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Montebello, 0379 Oslo Norway
| | - NBCS Investigators
- />Faculty of Medicine (Faculty Division Ahus), University of Oslo (UiO), Problemveien 7, Oslo, 0313 Norway
| | - D Gareth Evans
- />Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, St. Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - Jean Abraham
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Helena Earl
- />Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Christopher J Poole
- />Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Louise Hiller
- />Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Janet A Dunn
- />Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sarah Bowden
- />Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute for Cancer Studies, the University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Rose Yang
- />Early Detection Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Daniele Campa
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - W Ryan Diver
- />Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- />Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- />Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Susan Hankinson
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, 715 N Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01002 USA
- />Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Robert N Hoover
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Anika Hüsing
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Walter Willett
- />Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Myrto Barrdahl
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Canzian
- />Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- />Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- />Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Cambridge Breast Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- />Breast Cancer Functional Genomics Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, CB2 0RE UK
| | - David J Hunter
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sara Lindstrom
- />Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey, UK
- />Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP UK
| | - Fergus J Couch
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- />Department of Genetics, Qimr Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4006 Australia
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine and Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Per Hall
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Stockholm, 17177 Sweden
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Douglas F Easton
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- />Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Copenhagen Denmark
- />Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2220 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Angela Cox
- />CRUK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Peter A Fasching
- />Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Emn, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Paul DP Pharoah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, 2 Wort’s Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- />Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Fagerholm R, Schmidt MK, Khan S, Rafiq S, Tapper W, Aittomäki K, Greco D, Heikkinen T, Muranen TA, Fasching PA, Janni W, Weinshilboum R, Loehberg CR, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Keeman R, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Mannermaa A, Kataja V, Chenevix-Trench G, Investigators KC, Lambrechts D, Wildiers H, Chang-Claude J, Seibold P, Couch FJ, Olson JE, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Hooning MJ, Jager A, Shah M, Perkins BJ, Luben R, Hamann U, Kabisch M, Czene K, Hall P, Easton DF, Pharoah PD, Liu J, Eccles D, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H. The SNP rs6500843 in 16p13.3 is associated with survival specifically among chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2015; 6:7390-407. [PMID: 25823661 PMCID: PMC4480688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have utilized a two-stage study design to search for SNPs associated with the survival of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our initial GWS data set consisted of 805 Finnish breast cancer cases (360 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy). The top 39 SNPs from this stage were analyzed in three independent data sets: iCOGS (n=6720 chemotherapy-treated cases), SUCCESS-A (n=3596), and POSH (n=518). Two SNPs were successfully validated: rs6500843 (any chemotherapy; per-allele HR 1.16, 95% C.I. 1.08-1.26, p=0.0001, p(adjusted)=0.0091), and rs11155012 (anthracycline therapy; per-allele HR 1.21, 95% C.I. 1.08-1.35, p=0.0010, p(adjusted)=0.0270). The SNP rs6500843 was found to specifically interact with adjuvant chemotherapy, independently of standard prognostic markers (p(interaction)=0.0009), with the rs6500843-GG genotype corresponding to the highest hazard among chemotherapy-treated cases (HR 1.47, 95% C.I. 1.20-1.80). Upon trans-eQTL analysis of public microarray data, the rs6500843 locus was found to associate with the expression of a group of genes involved in cell cycle control, notably AURKA, the expression of which also exhibited differential prognostic value between chemotherapy-treated and untreated cases in our analysis of microarray data. Based on previously published information, we propose that the eQTL genes may be connected to the rs6500843 locus via a RBFOX1-FOXM1 -mediated regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - William Tapper
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taru A. Muranen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Medical School-Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christian R. Loehberg
- University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Renske Keeman
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology - Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Seibold
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia A. Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3008 AE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3008 AE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J. Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D.P. Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, HUS, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Gonçalves ML, Borja SM, Cordeiro JABL, Saddi VA, Ayres FM, Vilanova-Costa CAST, Silva AMTC. Association of the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:749. [PMID: 26034701 PMCID: PMC4447735 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to investigate the implications of the R72P polymorphism in the TP53 gene in breast cancer risk. The enlightenment of this matter might provide a piece of information about the potential implications of this polymorphism in patient risk. A meta-analysis was conducted considering a large sample size from studies with conflicting results on the R72P polymorphism in breast cancer patients. Relevant studies were selected from PubMed and SciELO databases for data extraction and statistical analysis. Database was built according to the continent and considering the genotype frequencies, sample size and genotyping methodology. The dominant models (RR vs RP + PP and RR + RP vs. PP), homozygous (RR vs. PP), heterozygous (RR vs. RP and RP vs. PP) and the allele (R vs. P) were used. Genotype frequencies were summarized and evaluated by χ2 test of heterogeneity in 2×2 contingency tables with 95% CIs. Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated with a fixed-effect model (Mantel-Haenszel) or a random-effect model (DerSimonian-Laird) if the studies were considered homogeneous (P > 0.05) or heterogeneous (P < 0.05), respectively, using BioEstat® 5.0 software. Supported by a large sample size composed by 25,629 cases and 26,633 controls from 41 studies, we found significant association between the R72P polymorphism in the TP53 gene and the breast cancer risk. The overall data shows an increased risk due to the P allele dominant model, but not in Asia where the risk was associated with the R allele and R dominant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meire Luzia Gonçalves
- Departamento de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Av. Universitária 1.069, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74.605-010 Brazil
| | - Sarah Moreira Borja
- Departamento de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Av. Universitária 1.069, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74.605-010 Brazil
| | | | - Vera Aparecida Saddi
- Departamento de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Av. Universitária 1.069, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74.605-010 Brazil ; Laboratório de Oncogenética e Radiobiologia, Hospital Araújo Jorge, Associação de Combate ao Câncer em Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74605-070 Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74065-140 Brazil
| | - Flávio Monteiro Ayres
- Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás CEP 75132-400 Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Márcio Teodoro Cordeiro Silva
- Departamento de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Av. Universitária 1.069, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74.605-010 Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Ciências Ambientais e Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás CEP 74065-140 Brazil
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Abdel Hamid TM, El Gammal MM, Eibead GT, Saber MM, Abol Elazm OM. Clinical impact of SNP of P53 genes pathway on the adult AML patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:328-35. [PMID: 25232917 DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with biologically and prognostically different subtypes. AIM To study the impact of p53, p21, and mdm2 gene polymorphisms on the clinical outcome in adult AML patients treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) - Cairo University. METHODS Forty-eight adult AML patients presented to the Medical Oncology Department, NCI, from April 2010 till November 2011. Clinical data and bone marrow samples were obtained. Molecular genetic analysis involving P53, MDM2, and P21 single-nucleotide gene polymorphisms was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism coupled analysis. RESULTS The mean age was 35.7 years. After a median follow-up period of 12 months, 28 patients (58.4%) achieved complete remission (CR) and the overall survival (OS) was 8.7 months. Patients with homozygous Arg/arg at codon 72 of P53 had a better median OS months than Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro (13.4 vs. 8.4 vs. 1.5 months, respectively; P = 0.045). P53/p21 combination had a better median OS and disease-free survival (DFS) of 12.1 and 13.7 months for wild type cases (GG + Ser/ser) and 20.3 and 20.7 months for patients with either variant genes (GC + Ser/arg) compared with 1.1 and 1.9 months for patients with both variant genes (CC + arg/arg), (P = 0.037 and 0.004). The presence of wild genotype of either P21 or MDM2 may abolish the effect of P53 homozygous variant genotype on the OS. Neither p21nor mdm2 polymorphism alone showed an impact on OS or DFS. CR was not affected by any of the three gene polymorphisms. CONCLUSION The p53 pathway gene polymorphisms may affect the OS of adult AML patients.
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Abstract
The report by Aldred Scott Warthin in 1913 of a cancer family history and expanded on by Henry T. Lynch demonstrated one of the most enduring traits observed in patients with Lynch syndrome. The recognition of a variety of malignancies occurring at differing ages within a single family suggested the role of genetic variance on disease expression in an autosomal dominantly inherited genetic condition. With the identification of the genetic basis of Lynch syndrome and the subsequent collection of families and their medical records it has become possible to identify subtle genetic effects that influence the age at which disease onset occurs in this cancer predisposition. Knowledge about genetic modifiers influencing disease expression has the potential to be used to personalise prophylactic screening measures to maximise the benefits for family members and their carers.
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Zhao Y, Yu H, Hu W. The regulation of MDM2 oncogene and its impact on human cancers. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:180-9. [PMID: 24389645 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmt147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in preventing tumor formation. The levels and activity of p53 is under tight regulation to ensure its proper function. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a p53 target gene, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. MDM2 is a key negative regulator of p53 protein, and forms an auto-regulatory feedback loop with p53. MDM2 is an oncogene with both p53-dependent and p53-independent oncogenic activities, and often has increased expression levels in a variety of human cancers. MDM2 is highly regulated; the levels and function of MDM2 are regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. This review provides an overview of the regulation of MDM2. Dysregulation of MDM2 impacts significantly upon the p53 functions, and in turn the tumorigenesis. Considering the key role that MDM2 plays in human cancers, a better understanding of the regulation of MDM2 will help us to develop novel and more effective cancer therapeutic strategies to target MDM2 and activate p53 in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Louhimo R, Laakso M, Heikkinen T, Laitinen S, Manninen P, Rogojin V, Miettinen M, Blomqvist C, Liu J, Nevanlinna H, Hautaniemi S. Identification of genetic markers with synergistic survival effect in cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 1:S2. [PMID: 24267921 PMCID: PMC3750540 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s1-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancers are complex diseases arising from accumulated genetic mutations that disrupt intracellular signaling networks. While several predisposing genetic mutations have been found, these individual mutations account only for a small fraction of cancer incidence and mortality. With large-scale measurement technologies, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays, it is now possible to identify combinatorial effects that have significant impact on cancer patient survival. Results The identification of synergetic functioning SNPs on genome-scale is a computationally daunting task and requires advanced algorithms. We introduce a novel algorithm, Geninter, to identify SNPs that have synergetic effect on survival of cancer patients. Using a large breast cancer cohort we generate a simulator that allows assessing reliability and accuracy of Geninter and logrank test, which is a standard statistical method to integrate genetic and survival data. Conclusions Our results show that Geninter outperforms the logrank test and is able to identify SNP-pairs with synergetic impact on survival.
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Jamshidi M, Schmidt MK, Dörk T, Garcia-Closas M, Heikkinen T, Cornelissen S, van den Broek AJ, Schürmann P, Meyer A, Park-Simon TW, Figueroa J, Sherman M, Lissowska J, Keong GTH, Irwanto A, Laakso M, Hautaniemi S, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Liu J, Nevalinna H. Germline variation in TP53 regulatory network genes associates with breast cancer survival and treatment outcome. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2044-55. [PMID: 23034890 PMCID: PMC4159753 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Germline variation in the TP53 network genes PRKAG2, PPP2R2B, CCNG1, PIAS1 and YWHAQ was previously suggested to have an impact on drug response in vitro. Here, we investigated the effect on breast cancer survival of germline variation in these genes in 925 Finnish breast cancer patients and further analyzed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PRKAG2 (rs1029946, rs4726050, rs6464153, rs7789699) and PPP2R2B (rs10477313) for 10-year survival in breast cancer patients, interaction with TP53 R72P and MDM2-SNP309, outcome after specific adjuvant therapy and correlation to tumor characteristics in 4,701 invasive cases from four data sets. We found evidence for carriers of PRKAG2-rs1029946 and PRKAG2-rs4726050 having improved survival in the pooled data (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; p = 0.023 for homozygous carriers of the rare G-allele and HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.7-0.9; p = 0.049 for carriers of the rare G allele, respectively). PRKAG2-rs4726050 showed a significant interaction with MDM2-SNP309, with PRKAG2-rs4726050 rare G-allele having a dose-dependent effect for better breast cancer survival confined only to MDM2 SNP309 rare G-allele carriers (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; p = 0.001). This interaction also emerged as an independent predictor of better survival (p = 0.047). PPP2R2B-rs10477313 rare A-allele was found to predict better survival (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.6-0.9; p = 0.018), especially after hormonal therapy (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p = 0.048). These findings warrant further studies and suggest that genetic markers in TP53 network genes such as PRKAG2 and PPP2R2B might affect prognosis and treatment outcome in breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Female
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genotype
- Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Prognosis
- Protein Phosphatase 2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Jamshidi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research and Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra J van den Broek
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Schürmann
- Clinics of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Clinics of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892
| | - Mark Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Astrid Irwanto
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marko Laakso
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics Division, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Heli Nevalinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 700, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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Pan X, Li Y, Feng J, Wang X, Hao B, Shi R, Zhang G. A functional polymorphism T309G in MDM2 gene promoter, intensified by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide, is associated with both an increased susceptibility and poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma in Chinese patients. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:126. [PMID: 23506213 PMCID: PMC3621260 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on the association between MDM2 SNP309 (T > G) and gastric cancer have reported conflicting results. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether MDM2 SNP309 is associated with susceptibility and prognosis of gastric carcinoma in Chinese patients. Methods Total of 574 gastric carcinoma cases and 574 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. MDM2 polymorphism was detected by PCR- RFLP and infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) by a validated serology test. The functionality of MDM2 SNP309, with or without H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was examined by dual-luciferase assay. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate survival. Additional, a meta-analysis was conducted to verity the findings. Results MDM2 SNP309G/G genotype was associated with an increased risk of gastric carcinoma when compared with T/T genotype or T carriers (both P < 0.01), and a joint effect between MDM2 SNP309G/G and H. pylori infection was observed to intensify gastric carcinoma risk. SNP309G/G was identified as an independent marker of poor overall survival of carcinoma. In vitro, the luciferase assay further showed an increased transcriptional activity of SNP309G allele compared with SNP309T allele, and the function of polymorphism T309G in MDM2 gene promoter was intensified by H. pylori LPS. Pooled results from the meta-analysis confirmed that SNP309G/G genotype had a significantly increased risk of gastric carcinoma compared with T/T genotype or T carriers, consistent with the case–control findings. Conclusions MDM2 SNP309G allele is associated with an increased risk and poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma in Chinese patients. Additional, there is a joint effect of MDM2 SNP309G/G allele and H. pylori infection on gastric carcinoma development, which may attribute to H. pylori LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O, Hassan M. Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:342-55. [PMID: 23355912 PMCID: PMC3554798 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i12.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects more than 170 million people worldwide, and thereby becomes a series global health challenge. Chronic infection with HCV is considered one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the multiple functions of the HCV proteins and their impacts on the modulation of the intracellular signaling transduction processes, the drive of carcinogenesis during the infection with HCV, is thought to result from the interactions of viral proteins with host cell proteins. Thus, the induction of mutator phenotype, in liver, by the expression of HCV proteins provides a key mechanism for the development of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered one of the most common malignancies worldwide with increasing incidence during the past decades. In many countries, the trend of HCC is attributed to several liver diseases including HCV infection. However, the development of HCC is very complicated and results mainly from the imbalance between tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, as well as from the alteration of cellular factors leading to a genomic instability. Besides the poor prognosis of HCC patients, this type of tumor is quite resistance to the available therapies. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms, which are implicated in the development of HCC during the course of HCV infection, may help to design a general therapeutic protocol for the treatment and/or the prevention of this malignancy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the development of HCV-associated HCC and the possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, Mohamed Hassan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Di Pietro F, Dato S, Carpi FM, Corneveaux JJ, Serfaustini S, Maoloni S, Mignini F, Huentelman MJ, Passarino G, Napolioni V. TP53*P72 allele influences negatively female life expectancy in a population of central Italy: cross-sectional study and genetic-demographic approach analysis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:539-45. [PMID: 23125046 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of TP53 P72R (rs1042522) with longevity remains uncertain and varies with ethnicity. Here, we tested its association with longevity in a cross-sectional population of Central Italy (18-106 years, N = 1,072), by integrating demographic information and frequency data to account for the different survival rates between sexes through the application of a genetic-demographic approach. rs1042522 affects females longevity, showing significant associations in Comparison 2 (Age Class 3 [>91 years] vs Age Class 2 [73-91 years]) under both additive (odds ratio [OR] 0.574; p = .006) and dominant (OR 0.513; p = .006) models. The TP53*P72 allele is significantly underrepresented in Age Class 3 only in women (OR 0.575; p = .008). The genetic-demographic approach demonstrated that the frequency of female TP53*P72 carriers underwent a significant reduction after 82 years (OR 0.586; p = .002). The same analyses gave nonsignificant results in men. The discrepancies among the results obtained on rs1042522 for longevity could result from the pleiotropic effects of p53 and the potential ethnic variation of its functional variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Di Pietro
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnologies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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The Pro allele of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with decreased intratumoral expression of BAX and p21, and increased breast cancer risk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47325. [PMID: 23071787 PMCID: PMC3468577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism encodes two p53 variants with different biochemical properties. Here we investigated the impact of this polymorphism on the expression of key p53 target genes in a panel of human breast carcinomas, breast cancer risk, and age at onset. Methodology/Principal Findings The Arg72Pro polymorphism was genotyped in 270 breast cancer patients and 221 control subjects. In addition, the Arg72Pro genotype of 116 breast tumors was determined, and correlated with intratumoral mRNA expression of TP53 and its key target genes MDM2, p21, BAX, and PERP, as quantified by qRT-PCR. We found a significantly increased breast cancer risk associated with the Pro-allele (per-allele odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.99), and a significantly later mean age at breast cancer onset for Pro/Pro patients (63.2±18 years) compared to Arg/Arg patients (58.2±15 years). The frequency of somatic TP53 inactivation was 25.4% in Arg/Arg, 20.9% in Arg/Pro, and 16.7% in Pro/Pro patients, which may reflect a higher selective pressure to mutate the Arg-allele. The median mRNA levels of p21 and BAX in the tumors of Pro-allele carriers were significantly reduced to 55.7% and 76.9% compared to Arg/Arg patients, whereas p53, MDM2 and PERP expression were hardly altered. Conclusions/Significance The p5372Arg variant appears to be a more potent in vivo transcription factor and tumor suppressor in human breast cancer than the p5372Pro variant. The Arg72Pro genotype has no significant effects in patients with TP53 mutated tumors, in which p53 is non-functional.
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Cheng H, Ma B, Jiang R, Wang W, Guo H, Shen N, Li D, Zhao Q, Wang R, Yi P, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Huang T. Individual and combined effects of MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 Arg72Pro on breast cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9265-74. [PMID: 22729912 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 and its negative regulator murine double minute 2 are involved in multiple cellular pathways. Two potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 R72P have been extensively investigated to be associated with breast cancer risk. However, the original studies as well as the subsequent meta-analysis, have yielded contradictory results for the individual effect of the two SNPs on breast cancer risk, plus that conflicting results also existed for the combined effects of MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 R72P on breast cancer risk. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the individual and combined effects of these two genes on breast cancer risk. We performed a meta-analysis of publications with a total 9,563 cases and 9,468 controls concerning MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and 19,748 cases and 19,962 controls concerning TP53 R72P. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. In overall meta-analysis, individuals with the MDM2 SNP309TG genotype were associated with a borderline higher breast cancer risk than those with TT genotype (OR = 1.11, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.24, P (heterogeneity) = 0.007), whereas the TP53 R72P CC or GC genotype had no effects on breast cancer risk. In the stratified analyses, a significant association between MDM2 SNP309 and breast cancer risk were observed in Asian, but null significant association between TP53 R72P and breast cancer risk were found even in various subgroups. Moreover, no significant combined effects of MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 R72P were observed on breast cancer risk. The borderline association between MDM2 SNP309 and breast cancer risk in overall analysis should be treated with caution, and no significant combined effects for the two SNPs on breast cancer risk suggested functional investigations warranted to explore the molecular mechanism of the TP53-MDM2 circuit genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Cheng
- Department of Breast Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Heikkinen T, Greco D, Pelttari LM, Tommiska J, Vahteristo P, Heikkilä P, Blomqvist C, Aittomäki K, Nevanlinna H. Variants on the promoter region of PTEN affect breast cancer progression and patient survival. Breast Cancer Res 2011; 13:R130. [PMID: 22171747 PMCID: PMC3326572 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The PTEN gene, a regulator of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt oncogenic pathway, is mutated in various cancers and its expression has been associated with tumor progression in a dose-dependent fashion. We investigated the effect of germline variation in the promoter region of the PTEN gene on clinical characteristics and survival in breast cancer. Methods We screened the promoter region of the PTEN gene for germline variation in 330 familial breast cancer cases and further determined the genotypes of three detected PTEN promoter polymorphisms -903GA, -975GC, and -1026CA in a total of 2,412 breast cancer patients to evaluate the effects of the variants on tumor characteristics and disease outcome. We compared the gene expression profiles in breast cancers of 10 variant carriers and 10 matched non-carriers and performed further survival analyses based on the differentially expressed genes. Results All three promoter variants associated with worse prognosis. The Cox's regression hazard ratio for 10-year breast cancer specific survival in multivariate analysis was 2.01 (95% CI 1.17 to 3.46) P = 0.0119, and for 5-year breast cancer death or distant metastasis free survival 1.79 (95% CI 1.03 to 3.11) P = 0.0381 for the variant carriers, indicating PTEN promoter variants as an independent prognostic factor. The breast tumors from the promoter variant carriers exhibited a similar gene expression signature of 160 differentially expressed genes compared to matched non-carrier tumors. The signature further stratified patients into two groups with different recurrence free survival in independent breast cancer gene expression data sets. Conclusions Inherited variation in the PTEN promoter region affects the tumor progression and gene expression profile in breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to establish PTEN promoter variants as clinical markers for prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Heikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
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Mutation analysis of the SLX4/FANCP gene in hereditary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:1021-8. [PMID: 21805310 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SLX4 coordinates three structure-specific endonucleases in the DNA damage response. One subtype of Fanconi anaemia, FA-P, has recently been attributed to biallelic SLX4 gene mutations. To investigate whether monoallelic SLX4 gene defects play some role in the inherited component of breast cancer susceptibility, in this study we resequenced the whole SLX4 coding region and flanking untranslated sections in genomic DNA samples obtained from a total of 52 German or Byelorussian patients with familial breast cancer. Selected variants were subsequently screened by RFLP or TaqMan-based assays in an extended set of 965 German breast cancer cases and 985 healthy female controls. The resequencing study uncovered four new SLX4 missense substitutions, each of them in a single breast cancer patient. Three missense substitutions (p.V197A, p.G700R and p.R1034H) were not found in a subsequent screening of 240 additional breast cancer patients, while one missense substitution (p.R237Q) was more common and was detected in a total of 12 cases (1.3%) and seven controls (0.7%) in the Hannover breast cancer study. The rare missense substitution, p.G700R, resides in the conserved BTB domain and was in silico predicted to be pathogenic. Seven additional missense polymorphisms were correlated and formed one haplotype which was, however, neither associated with breast cancer risk nor with survival from breast cancer. In summary, this study did not reveal truncating or clearly pathogenic mutations, but unravelled four new unclassified missense variants at a low frequency. We conclude that there is no evidence for a major role of SLX4 coding variants in the inherited susceptibility towards breast cancer in German and Byelorussian patients, although very rare mutations such as the p.G700R substitution could make a minor contribution.
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Okishiro M, Kim SJ, Tsunashima R, Nakayama T, Shimazu K, Shimomura A, Maruyama N, Tamaki Y, Noguchi S. MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 R72P associated with severe and febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients treated with 5-FU/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 132:947-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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van den Broek AJ, Broeks A, Horlings HM, Canisius SVM, Braaf LM, Langerød A, Van't Veer LJ, Schmidt MK. Association of the germline TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 variants with breast cancer survival in specific breast tumor subgroups. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 130:599-608. [PMID: 21667122 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1615-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 and its regulator MDM2 are both important players in the DNA-damage repair "TP53 response pathway". Common germline polymorphisms in these genes may affect outcome in patients with tumors characterized by additional somatic changes in the same or a related pathway. To evaluate this hypothesis, we determined the effect of the common germline TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms on breast cancer survival in a consecutive cohort of breast cancer patients (age at diagnosis <53 years, n = 295) with gene expression data available. Patients were classified in subgroups according to their tumor TP53 mutation status and three gene expression profiles; a TP53 mutation status expression signature, a PTEN/PI3K pathway signature and the 70-gene prognosis profile. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models adjusting for clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment. An increase in breast cancer-specific mortality was observed for carriers of the germline MDM2 SNP309 rare GG-genotype (range hazard ratios: 2-3) or TP53 R72P heterozygous GC-genotype (range hazard ratios: 1-2) compared to those having the common genotypes within subgroups of tumors displaying a "more aggressive phenotype" gene expression profile. There was no evidence of such an effect on survival within the TP53-mutated tumor group for TP53 R72P carriers but a suggestion of an effect for MDM2 SNP309 carriers (GG vs. TT-genotype HR 2.99, P = 0.06). These results indicate that common polymorphisms in specific pathways may add to the worse prognosis of patients with tumors in which these pathways are affected by somatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J van den Broek
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Data integration workflow for search of disease driving genes and genetic variants. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18636. [PMID: 21533266 PMCID: PMC3075259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive characterization of a gene's impact on phenotypes requires knowledge of the context of the gene. To address this issue we introduce a systematic data integration method Candidate Genes and SNPs (CANGES) that links SNP and linkage disequilibrium data to pathway- and protein-protein interaction information. It can be used as a knowledge discovery tool for the search of disease associated causative variants from genome-wide studies as well as to generate new hypotheses on synergistically functioning genes. We demonstrate the utility of CANGES by integrating pathway and protein-protein interaction data to identify putative functional variants for (i) the p53 gene and (ii) three glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) associated risk genes. For the GBM case, we further integrate the CANGES results with clinical and genome-wide data for 209 GBM patients and identify genes having effects on GBM patient survival. Our results show that selecting a focused set of genes can result in information beyond the traditional genome-wide association approaches. Taken together, holistic approach to identify possible interacting genes and SNPs with CANGES provides a means to rapidly identify networks for any set of genes and generate novel hypotheses. CANGES is available in http://csbi.ltdk.helsinki.fi/CANGES/
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29
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Patterson DM, Gao D, Trahan DN, Johnson BA, Ludwig A, Barbieri E, Chen Z, Diaz-Miron J, Vassilev L, Shohet JM, Kim ES. Effect of MDM2 and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition on tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in neuroblastoma. Angiogenesis 2011; 14:255-66. [PMID: 21484514 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-011-9210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric abdominal tumor and principally a p53 wild-type, highly vascular, aggressive tumor, with limited response to anti-VEGF therapies alone. MDM2 is a key inhibitor of p53 and a positive activator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity with an important role in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We hypothesized that concurrent inhibition of both MDM2 and VEGF signaling would have cooperative anti-tumor effects, potentiating anti-angiogenic strategies for neuroblastoma and other p53 wild-type tumors. We orthotopically implanted SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells into nude mice (n = 40) and treated as follows: control, bevacizumab, Nutlin-3a, combination of bevacizumab plus Nutlin-3a. Expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were measured by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Tumor apoptosis was measured by immunohistochemistry and caspase assay. Angiogenesis was evaluated by immunohistochemistry for vascular markers (CD-31, type-IV collagen, αSMA). Both angiogenesis and metastatic burden were digitally quantified. In vitro, Nutlin-3a suppresses HIF-1α expression with subsequent downregulation of VEGF. Bevacizumab plus Nutlin-3a leads to significant suppression of tumor growth compared to control (P < 0.01) or either agent alone. Combination treated xenograft tumors display a marked decrease in endothelial cells (P < 0.0001), perivascular basement membrane (P < 0.04), and vascular mural cells (P < 0.004). Nutlin-3a alone and in combination with bevacizumab leads to significant tumor apoptosis (P < 0.0001 for both) and significant decrease in incidence of metastasis (P < 0.05) and metastatic burden (P < 0.03). Bevacizumab plus Nutlin-3a cooperatively inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in neuroblastoma in vivo with dramatic effects on tumor vascularity. Concomitantly targeting VEGF and p53 pathways potently suppresses tumor growth, and these results support further clinical development of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Patterson
- Michael E. Debakey Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, 77030, USA
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Alshatwi AA, Hasan TN, Shafi G, Alsaif MA, Al-Hazzani AA, Alsaif AA. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the TP53 and MDM-2 gene modifies breast cancer risk in an ethnic Arab population. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:438-43. [PMID: 21477265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common oncological disease in women worldwide. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer can be associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are observed in many women. Such gene polymorphisms, in combination with nutritional and environmental factors, can affect breast cancer development. The tumor suppressor TP53 and its negative regulator MDM2 play crucial roles in carcinogenesis. Previous case-control studies have revealed that TP53 72Arg > Pro and MDM2 309T > G polymorphisms contribute to the risk of common cancers. However, the relationship between these two functional polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility in the Saudi population has not been explored. In this study, we performed a case-control study of patients with breast cancer and healthy controls in a Saudi population using TaqMan-based real-time PCR. We found an increased breast cancer risk associated with the MDM2 GG [odds ratio (OR) = 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.04-3.92] and TG [OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.12-2.02] genotypes. An increased risk was also associated with the TP53 Pro/Pro genotype (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.54-3.06) compared with the Arg/Arg genotype. The gene-gene interaction of MDM2 and TP53 polymorphisms increased breast cancer risk in a multiplicative manner (OR for the presence of both MDM2 GG and TP53 Pro/Pro genotypes = 7.71, 95% CI = 3.49-17.54). These findings suggest that polymorphisms of MDM2 and TP53 genes may be a genetic modifier for developing breast cancer in this ethnic population in the Arab world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alshatwi
- Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab (MCBRL), Depatment of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Scott RJ. Have the roles of two functional polymorphisms in breast cancer, R72P in P53 and MDM2-309 in MDM2, become clearer? Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:102. [PMID: 20156327 PMCID: PMC2880429 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic differences between individuals have been predicted to account for disparate outcomes in patients diagnosed with cancer. The search for genetic determinants has been ongoing for a considerable amount of time and it is only now that insights have been gained into which polymorphisms are most likely to be important in determining not only disease likelihood but also outcome. The quest to be able to accurately predict patient outcomes in breast cancer may now be a step closer as increased sample size is leading to more robust statistical analysis and a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of disease are forthcoming.
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