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de Biase MS, Massip F, Wei TT, Giorgi FM, Stark R, Stone A, Gladwell A, O'Reilly M, Schütte D, de Santiago I, Meyer KB, Markowetz F, Ponder BAJ, Rintoul RC, Schwarz RF. Smoking-associated gene expression alterations in nasal epithelium reveal immune impairment linked to lung cancer risk. Genome Med 2024; 16:54. [PMID: 38589970 PMCID: PMC11000304 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. In contrast to many other cancers, a direct connection to modifiable lifestyle risk in the form of tobacco smoke has long been established. More than 50% of all smoking-related lung cancers occur in former smokers, 40% of which occur more than 15 years after smoking cessation. Despite extensive research, the molecular processes for persistent lung cancer risk remain unclear. We thus set out to examine whether risk stratification in the clinic and in the general population can be improved upon by the addition of genetic data and to explore the mechanisms of the persisting risk in former smokers. METHODS We analysed transcriptomic data from accessible airway tissues of 487 subjects, including healthy volunteers and clinic patients of different smoking statuses. We developed a computational model to assess smoking-associated gene expression changes and their reversibility after smoking is stopped, comparing healthy subjects to clinic patients with and without lung cancer. RESULTS We find persistent smoking-associated immune alterations to be a hallmark of the clinic patients. Integrating previous GWAS data using a transcriptional network approach, we demonstrate that the same immune- and interferon-related pathways are strongly enriched for genes linked to known genetic risk factors, demonstrating a causal relationship between immune alteration and lung cancer risk. Finally, we used accessible airway transcriptomic data to derive a non-invasive lung cancer risk classifier. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide initial evidence for germline-mediated personalized smoke injury response and risk in the general population, with potential implications for managing long-term lung cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella de Biase
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Massip
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
- MINES Paris, PSL University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, 60 bd Saint Michel, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Cedex, Paris, France.
- INSERM, U900, Cedex, Paris, France.
| | - Tzu-Ting Wei
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rory Stark
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Amanda Stone
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Department of Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Amy Gladwell
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Department of Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Martin O'Reilly
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: MRC Toxicology Unit, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Daniel Schütte
- Institute for Computational Cancer Biology (ICCB), Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Am Weyertal 115C, Gebäude 74, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines de Santiago
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: e-therapeutics plc, 17 Blenheim Office Park, Long Hanborough, OX29 8LN, UK
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
- Present Address: The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Florian Markowetz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Bruce A J Ponder
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK.
| | - Robert C Rintoul
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK.
- Papworth Trials Unit Collaboration, Department of Oncology, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AY, UK.
- Department of Oncology, Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Roland F Schwarz
- Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Strasse 28, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
- BIFOLD - Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Computational Cancer Biology (ICCB), Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Am Weyertal 115C, Gebäude 74, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Lai H, Liu Q, Ye Q, Liang Z, Long Z, Hu Y, Wu Q, Jiang M. Impact of smoking cessation duration on lung cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104323. [PMID: 38462148 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking history is a heterogeneous situation for different populations, and numerous studies suggest that smoking cessation is conducive to reduce the mortality of lung cancer. However, no quantitative meta-analysis regarding smoking cessation duration based on different populations has demonstrated it clearly. METHODS We systematically searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scoups) till February 2023. Eligible studies reported the association between lung cancer survival and duration of smoking cessation. Additionally, we stratified the study population according to whether they had lung cancer at the time they quit smoking. Studies were pooled with the random-effects model. RESULTS Out of the 11,361 potential studies initially identified, we included 24 studies involving 969,560 individuals in our analysis. Lung cancer mortality varied across two groups: general quitters and peri-diagnosis quitters. For general quitters, those who had quit smoking for less than 10 years exhibited an RR of 0.64 (95% CI [0.55-0.76]), while those who quit for 10-20 years had an RR of 0.33 (0.25-0.43), over 20 years had an RR of 0.16 (0.11-0.24), and never-smokers had an RR at 0.11 (0.07-0.15). Among peri-diagnosis quitters, the 1-year Overall Survival (OS) showed an RR of 0.80 (0.67-0.96), the 2-year OS had an RR of 0.89 (0.80-0.98), the 3-year OS had an RR of 0.93 (0.84-1.03), and the 5-year OS had an RR of 0.85 (0.76-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Earlier and longer smoking cessation is associated with reduced lung cancer mortality, no matter in which cessation stage for two different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Quanzhen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Nanshan College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Qianxian Ye
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Ziyang Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Zhiwei Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yinghong Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Qianlong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Harada S, Ohmomo H, Matsumoto M, Sata M, Iida M, Hirata A, Miyagawa N, Kuwabara K, Kato S, Toki R, Edagawa S, Sugiyama D, Sato A, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Tomita M, Shimizu A, Okamura T, Takebayashi T. Metabolomics profiles alterations in cigarette smokers and heated tobacco product users. J Epidemiol 2023:JE20230170. [PMID: 37926518 PMCID: PMC11330708 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20230170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have gained global popularity, but their health risks remain unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify plasma metabolites associated with smoking and HTP use in a large Japanese population to improve health risk assessment. METHODS Metabolomics data from 9,922 baseline participants of the Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) were analyzed to determine the association between smoking habits and plasma metabolites. Moreover, alterations in smoking-related metabolites among HTP users were examined based on data obtained from 3,334 participants involved from April 2018 to June 2019 in a follow-up survey. RESULTS Our study revealed that cigarette smokers had metabolomics profiles distinct from never smokers, with 22 polar metabolites identified as candidate biomarkers for smoking. These biomarker profiles of HTP users were closer to those of cigarette smokers than those of never smokers. The concentration of glutamate was higher in cigarette smokers, and biomarkers involved in glutamate metabolism were also associated with cigarette smoking and HTP use. Network pathway analysis showed that smoking was associated with the glutamate pathway, which could lead to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis of the vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the glutamate pathway is affected by habitual smoking. These changes in the glutamate pathway may partly explain the mechanism by which cigarette smoking causes cardiovascular disease. HTP use was also associated with glutamate metabolism, indicating that HTP use may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease through mechanisms similar to those in cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Harada
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mizuki Sata
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Suzuka Kato
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ryota Toki
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shun Edagawa
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Asako Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | | | | | | | | | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
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Strulovici-Barel Y, Rostami MR, Kaner RJ, Mezey JG, Crystal RG. Serial Sampling of the Small Airway Epithelium to Identify Persistent Smoking-dysregulated Genes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:780-790. [PMID: 37531632 PMCID: PMC10563181 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202204-0786oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The small airway epithelium (beyond the sixth generation), the initiation site of smoking-induced airway disorders, is highly sensitive to the stress of smoking. Because of variations over time in smoking habits, the small airway epithelium transcriptome is dynamic, fluctuating not only among smokers but also within each smoker. Objectives: To perform accurate assessment of the smoking-related dysregulation of the human small airway epithelium despite the variation of smoking within the same individual and of the effects of smoking cessation on the dysregulated transcriptome. Methods: We conducted serial sampling of the same smokers and nonsmoker control subjects over time to identify persistent smoking dysregulation of the biology of the small airway epithelium over 1 year. We conducted serial sampling of smokers who quit smoking, before and after smoking cessation, to assess the effect of smoking cessation on the smoking-dysregulated genes. Measurements and Main Results: Repeated measures ANOVA of the small airway epithelium transcriptome sampled four times in the same individuals over 1 year enabled the identification of 475 persistent smoking-dysregulated genes. Most genes were normalized after 12 months of smoking cessation; however, 53 (11%) genes, including CYP1B1, PIR, ME1, and TRIM16, remained persistently abnormally expressed. Dysregulated pathways enriched with the nonreversible genes included xenobiotic metabolism signaling, bupropion degradation, and nicotine degradation. Conclusions: Analysis of repetitive sampling of the same individuals identified persistent smoking-induced dysregulation of the small airway epithelium transcriptome and the effect of smoking cessation. These results help identify targets for the development of therapies that can be applicable to smoking-related airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Jason G. Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine and
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
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5
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Chelslín F, Lodefalk M, Kruse R. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with the placental proteome. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 119:108409. [PMID: 37209868 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) is a significant risk factor for the development of foetal, neonatal, and childhood morbidities. We hypothesized that infants exposed to MSDP have a distinct proteomic expression in their term placentas compared to infants without such an exposure. A total of 39 infants exposed (cord blood cotinine levels of >1 ng/mL) and 44 infants not exposed to MSDP were included in the study. Women with chronic disease, body mass index of > 30, or a history of uterine surgery were excluded. Total proteome abundance was analysed with quantitative mass spectrometry. For univariate analysis of differences in placental protein levels between groups, ANOVA with multiple testing corrections by the Benjamini-Hochberg method was used. For multivariate analysis, we used principal component analysis, partial least squares, lasso, random forest, and neural networks. The univariate analyses showed four differentially abundant proteins (PXDN, CYP1A1, GPR183, and KRT81) when heavy and moderate smoking groups were compared to non-smokers. With the help of machine learning, we found that an additional six proteins (SEPTIN3, CRAT, NAAA, CD248, CADM3, and ZNF648) were discriminants of MSDP. The placental abundance of these ten proteins together explained 74.1% of the variation in cord blood cotinine levels (p = 0.002). Infants exposed to MSDP showed differential abundance of proteins in term placentas. We report differential placental abundance of several proteins for the first time in the setting of MSDP. We believe that these findings supplement the current understanding of how MSDP affects the placental proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chelslín
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Maria Lodefalk
- University Health Care Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Robert Kruse
- Department of Clinical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC) and X-HiDE Consortium, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
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6
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Karabegović I, Maas SCE, Shuai Y, Ikram MA, Stricker B, Aerts J, Brusselle G, Lahousse L, Voortman T, Ghanbari M. Smoking-related dysregulation of plasma circulating microRNAs: the Rotterdam study. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:61. [PMID: 37430296 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Differential miRNA expression, which is widely shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, can be influenced by lifestyle factors, including smoking. This study aimed to investigate the plasma miRNA signature of smoking habits, the potential effect of smoking cessation on miRNA levels, and relate the findings with lung cancer incidence. RESULTS A targeted RNA-sequencing approach measured plasma miRNA levels in 2686 participants from the population-based Rotterdam study cohort. The association between cigarette smoking (current versus never) and 591 well-expressed miRNAs was assessed via adjusted linear regression models, identifying 41 smoking-associated miRNAs that passed the Bonferroni-corrected threshold (P < 0.05/591 = 8.46 × 10-5). Moreover, we found 42 miRNAs with a significant association (P < 8.46 × 10-5) between current (reference group) and former smokers. Then, we used adjusted linear regression models to explore the effect of smoking cessation time on miRNA expression levels. The expression levels of two miRNAs were significantly different within 5 years of cessation (P < 0.05/41 = 1.22 × 10-3) from current smokers, while for cessation time between 5 and 15 years we found 19 miRNAs to be significantly different from current smokers, and finally, 38 miRNAs were significantly different after more than 15 years of cessation time (P < 1.22 × 10-3). These results imply the reversibility of the smoking effect on plasma levels of at least 38 out of the 41 smoking-miRNAs following smoking cessation. Next, we found 8 out of the 41 smoking-related miRNAs to be nominally associated (P < 0.05) with the incidence of lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates smoking-related dysregulation of plasma miRNAs, which might have a potential for reversibility when comparing different smoking cessation groups. The identified miRNAs are involved in several cancer-related pathways and include 8 miRNAs associated with lung cancer incidence. Our results may lay the groundwork for further investigation of miRNAs as potential mechanism linking smoking, gene expression and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Karabegović
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvana C E Maas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yu Shuai
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Brusselle
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Beri P, Woo YJ, Schierenbeck K, Chen K, Barnes SW, Ross O, Krutil D, Quackenbush D, Fang B, Walker J, Barnes W, Toyama EQ. A high-throughput cigarette smoke-treated bronchosphere model for disease-relevant phenotypic compound screening. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287809. [PMID: 37384771 PMCID: PMC10310037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is the leading cause of COPD, and identifying the pathways that are driving pathogenesis in the airway due to CS exposure can aid in the discovery of novel therapies for COPD. An additional barrier to the identification of key pathways that are involved in the CS-induced pathogenesis is the difficulty in building relevant and high throughput models that can recapitulate the phenotypic and transcriptomic changes associated with CS exposure. To identify these drivers, we have developed a cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-treated bronchosphere assay in 384-well plate format that exhibits CSE-induced decreases in size and increase in luminal secretion of MUC5AC. Transcriptomic changes in CSE-treated bronchospheres resemble changes that occur in human smokers both with and without COPD compared to healthy groups, indicating that this model can capture human smoking signature. To identify new targets, we ran a small molecule compound deck screening with diversity in target mechanisms of action and identified hit compounds that attenuated CSE induced changes, either decreasing spheroid size or increasing secreted mucus. This work provides insight into the utility of this bronchopshere model to examine human respiratory disease impacted by CSE exposure and the ability to screen for therapeutics to reverse the pathogenic changes caused by CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjali Beri
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Young Jae Woo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Katie Schierenbeck
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kaisheng Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - S. Whitney Barnes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Olivia Ross
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas Krutil
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Doug Quackenbush
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Fang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - John Walker
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - William Barnes
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Erin Quan Toyama
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Desaulniers D, Cummings-Lorbetskie C, Leingartner K, Meier MJ, Pickles JC, Yauk CL. DNA methylation changes from primary cultures through senescence-bypass in Syrian hamster fetal cells initially exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicology 2023; 487:153451. [PMID: 36754249 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Current chemical testing strategies are limited in their ability to detect non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGTxC). Epigenetic anomalies develop during carcinogenesis regardless of whether the molecular initiating event is associated with genotoxic (GTxC) or NGTxC events; therefore, epigenetic markers may be harnessed to develop new approach methodologies that improve the detection of both types of carcinogens. This study used Syrian hamster fetal cells to establish the chronology of carcinogen-induced DNA methylation changes from primary cells until senescence-bypass as an essential carcinogenic step. Cells exposed to solvent control for 7 days were compared to naïve primary cultures, to cells exposed for 7 days to benzo[a]pyrene, and to cells at the subsequent transformation stages: normal colonies, morphologically transformed colonies, senescence, senescence-bypass, and sustained proliferation in vitro. DNA methylation changes identified by reduced representation bisulphite sequencing were minimal at day-7. Profound DNA methylation changes arose during cellular senescence and some of these early differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were preserved through the final sustained proliferation stage. A set of these DMRs (e.g., Pou4f1, Aifm3, B3galnt2, Bhlhe22, Gja8, Klf17, and L1l) were validated by pyrosequencing and their reproducibility was confirmed across multiple clones obtained from a different laboratory. These DNA methylation changes could serve as biomarkers to enhance objectivity and mechanistic understanding of cell transformation and could be used to predict senescence-bypass and chemical carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Desaulniers
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Karen Leingartner
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Meier
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | | | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Nielsen NBS, Gunnarsen L, Iburg KM. The impact of stress and lifestyle factors on short-term sickness absence in a large Danish industrial company. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:204-214. [PMID: 34906012 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Work-related stress and certain lifestyles have been associated with sickness absence among employees. We analysed relations between stress and lifestyles (as risk factors) and short-term sickness absence among employees of a large Danish industrial company. Moreover, we analysed the impact of risk factors on short-term sickness absence. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 7753 employees (67% response rate). Relations between risk factors (dyssomnia, low physical activity, alcohol, smoking, unhealthy food habits, overweight and stress) and short-term sickness absence were analysed by calculating etiologic fractions and binary logistic regression. Relations between the number of risk factors and short-term sickness absence were also analysed. Finally, the cost of short-term sickness absence from risk factors was estimated to illustrate the potential savings in avoided loss of productivity that could be gained from intervention programmes. Results: Stress, overweight, smoking and dyssomnia are significantly related to short-term sickness absence. Etiologic fractions revealed that these factors were associated with between 29.8% and 37.8% of short-term sickness absence. The number of risk factors was also related to the risk and length of sickness absence. Conclusions: This study identified risk factors that could be addressed by intervention programmes to reduce short-term sickness absence. Based on the results, focus on the risk factors that account for most short-term sickness absence and reduction of the number of risk factors could potentially reduce short-term sickness absence. A 30% reduction is equivalent to an avoidance of a loss of productivity of 4.5%, corresponding to €9.4 million per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niss B S Nielsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Division of Sustainability, Energy and Indoor Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Lars Gunnarsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Division of Sustainability, Energy and Indoor Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Kim M Iburg
- Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
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10
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Rathnayake SNH, Ditz B, Willemse BWM, Timens W, Kooistra W, Heijink IH, Oliver BGG, van den Berge M, Faiz A. Longitudinal Effects of 1-Year Smoking Cessation on Human Bronchial Epithelial Transcriptome. Chest 2023:S0012-3692(23)00158-7. [PMID: 36716955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senani N H Rathnayake
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Group, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Ditz
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brigitte W M Willemse
- University of Technology Sydney; the Department of Paediatrics, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Wim Timens
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wierd Kooistra
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brian G G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Group, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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11
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Klukowska AM, Staartjes VE, Vandertop WP, Schröder ML. Predictors of five-repetition sit-to-stand test performance in patients with lumbar degenerative disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:107-115. [PMID: 36477416 PMCID: PMC9840589 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STS) has recently been validated as an objective measure of functional impairment in patients with lumbar degenerative disease (LDD). Knowledge of factors influencing 5R-STS performance is useful to correct for confounders, create personalized adjusted test times, and potentially identify prognostic subgroups. We evaluate factors predicting the 5R-STS performance in patients with LDD. METHODS Patients with LDD requiring surgery were included. Each participant performed the 5R-STS and completed a questionnaire that included their age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, employment type, ability to work, analgesic drug usage, history of previous spinal surgery, and EQ5D depression and anxiety domain. Surgical indication and index level of the spinal pathology were also recorded. Predictors of 5R-STS were identified through multivariable linear regression. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 240 patients, 47.9% being female (mean age, 47.7 ± 13.6 years). In the final multivariable model incorporating confounders, height (regression coefficient (RC), 0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.003/0.16, p = 0.042) and being an active smoker (RC, 2.44; 95%CI, 0.56/4.32, p = 0.012) were significant predictors of worse 5R-STS performance. Full ability to work (RC, - 2.39; 95%CI, - 4.39/ - 0.39, p = 0.020) was associated with a better 5R-STS performance. Age, height, surgical indication, index level of pathology, history of previous spine surgery, history of pain, analgesic drug use, employment type, and severity of anxiety and depression symptoms demonstrated confounding effect on the 5R-STS time. CONCLUSIONS Greater height, being an active smoker, and inability to work are significant predictors of worse 5R-STS performance in patients with LDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03303300 and NCT03321357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Klukowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor E Staartjes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc L Schröder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Xu K, Shi X, Husted C, Hong R, Wang Y, Ning B, Sullivan TB, Rieger-Christ KM, Duan F, Marques H, Gower AC, Xiao X, Liu H, Liu G, Duclos G, Platt M, Spira AE, Mazzilli SA, Billatos E, Lenburg ME, Campbell JD, Beane JE. Smoking modulates different secretory subpopulations expressing SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the nasal and bronchial airways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18168. [PMID: 36307504 PMCID: PMC9615627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are influenced by viral entry (VE) gene expression patterns in the airway epithelium. The similarities and differences of VE gene expression (ACE2, TMPRSS2, and CTSL) across nasal and bronchial compartments have not been fully characterized using matched samples from large cohorts. Gene expression data from 793 nasal and 1673 bronchial brushes obtained from individuals participating in lung cancer screening or diagnostic workup revealed that smoking status (current versus former) was the only clinical factor significantly and reproducibly associated with VE gene expression. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was higher in smokers in the bronchus but not in the nose. scRNA-seq of nasal brushings indicated that ACE2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in club and C15orf48+ secretory cells while TMPRSS2 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in keratinizing epithelial cells. In contrast, these ACE2 and TMPRSS2 modules were highly expressed in goblet cells in scRNA-seq from bronchial brushings. Cell-type deconvolution of the gene expression data confirmed that smoking increased the abundance of several secretory cell populations in the bronchus, but only goblet cells in the nose. The association of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with smoking in the bronchus is due to their high expression in goblet cells which increase in abundance in current smoker airways. In contrast, in the nose, these genes are not predominantly expressed in cell populations modulated by smoking. In individuals with elevated lung cancer risk, smoking-induced VE gene expression changes in the nose likely have minimal impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection, but in the bronchus, smoking may lead to higher viral loads and more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingyi Shi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Husted
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Hong
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boting Ning
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Travis B Sullivan
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly M Rieger-Christ
- Department of Translational Research, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
| | - Fenghai Duan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Helga Marques
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Adam C Gower
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grant Duclos
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Platt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
- Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ehab Billatos
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Early transcriptional responses of bronchial epithelial cells to whole cigarette smoke mirror those of in-vivo exposed human bronchial mucosa. Respir Res 2022; 23:227. [PMID: 36056356 PMCID: PMC9440516 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known detrimental effects of cigarette smoke (CS), little is known about the complex gene expression dynamics in the early stages after exposure. This study aims to investigate early transcriptomic responses following CS exposure of airway epithelial cells in culture and compare these to those found in human CS exposure studies. METHODS Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) were differentiated at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to whole CS. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed at 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h hereafter, followed by differential gene expression analysis. Results were additionally compared to data retrieved from human CS studies. RESULTS ALI-PBEC gene expression in response to CS was most significantly changed at 4 h after exposure. Early transcriptomic changes (1 h, 4 h post CS exposure) were related to oxidative stress, xenobiotic metabolism, higher expression of immediate early genes and pro-inflammatory pathways (i.e., Nrf2, AP-1, AhR). At 24 h, ferroptosis-associated genes were significantly increased, whereas PRKN, involved in removing dysfunctional mitochondria, was downregulated. Importantly, the transcriptome dynamics of the current study mirrored in-vivo human studies of acute CS exposure, chronic smokers, and inversely mirrored smoking cessation. CONCLUSION These findings show that early after CS exposure xenobiotic metabolism and pro-inflammatory pathways were activated, followed by activation of the ferroptosis-related cell death pathway. Moreover, significant overlap between these transcriptomic responses in the in-vitro model and human in-vivo studies was found, with an early response of ciliated cells. These results provide validation for the use of ALI-PBEC cultures to study the human lung epithelial response to inhaled toxicants.
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14
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Peng G, Xi Y, Bellini C, Pham K, Zhuang ZW, Yan Q, Jia M, Wang G, Lu L, Tang MS, Zhao H, Wang H. Nicotine dose-dependent epigenomic-wide DNA methylation changes in the mice with long-term electronic cigarette exposure. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3679-3692. [PMID: 36119846 PMCID: PMC9442002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic-wide DNA methylation profiling holds the potential to reflect both electronic cigarette exposure-associated risks and individual poor health outcomes. However, a systemic study in animals or humans is still lacking. Using the Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip, we examined the DNA methylation status of white blood cells in male ApoE-/- mice after 14 weeks of electronic cigarette exposure with the InExpose system (2 hr/day, 5 days/week, 50% PG and 50% VG) with low (6 mg/ml) and high (36 mg/ml) nicotine concentrations. Our results indicate that electronic cigarette aerosol inhalation induces significant alteration of 8,985 CpGs in a dose-dependent manner (FDR<0.05); 7,389 (82.2%) of the CpG sites are annotated with known genes. Among the top 6 significant CpG sites (P-value<1e-8), 4 CpG sites are located in the known genes, and most (3/5) of these genes have been related to cigarette smoking. The other two CpGs are close to/associated with the Phc2 gene that was recently linked to smoking in a transcriptome-wide associations study. Furthermore, the gene set enrichment analysis highlights the activation of MAPK and 4 cardiomyocyte/cardiomyopathy-related signaling pathways (including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) following repeated electronic cigarette use. The MAPK pathway activation correlates well with our finding of increased cytokine mRNA expression after electronic cigarette exposure in the same batch of mice. Interestingly, two pathways related to mitochondrial activities, namely mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial translation, are also activated after electronic cigarette exposure. Elucidating the relationship between these pathways and the increased circulating mitochondrial DNA observed here will provide further insight into the cell-damaging effects of prolonged inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - Yibo Xi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern UniversityUSA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Zhen W Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
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15
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Adam N, Vuong NQ, Adams H, Kuo B, Beheshti A, Yauk C, Wilkins R, Chauhan V. Evaluating the Influences of Confounding Variables on Benchmark Dose using a Case Study in the Field of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1845-1855. [PMID: 35939396 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A vast amount of data regarding the effects of radiation stressors on transcriptional changes has been produced over the past few decades. These data have shown remarkable consistency across platforms and experimental design, enabling increased understanding of early molecular effects of radiation exposure. However, the value of transcriptomic data in the context of risk assessment is not clear and represents a gap that is worthy of further consideration. Recently, benchmark dose (BMD) modeling has shown promise in correlating a transcriptional point of departure (POD) to that derived using phenotypic outcomes relevant to human health risk assessment. Although frequently applied in chemical toxicity evaluation, our group has recently demonstrated application within the field of radiation research. This approach allows the possibility to quantitatively compare radiation-induced gene and pathway alterations across various datasets using BMD values and derive meaningful biological effects. However, before BMD modeling can confidently be used, an understanding of the impact of confounding variables on BMD outputs is needed. Methods: To this end, BMD modeling was applied to a publicly available microarray dataset (Gene Expression Omnibus #GSE23515) that used peripheral blood ex-vivo gamma-irradiated at 0.82 Gy/min, at doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5 or 2 Gy, and assessed 6 hours post-exposure. The dataset comprised six female smokers (F-S), six female non-smokers (F-NS), six male smokers (M-S), and six male non-smokers (M-NS). Results: A combined total of 412 genes were fit to models and the BMD distribution was noted to be bi-modal across the four groups. A total of 74, 41, 62 and 62 genes were unique to the F-NS, M-NS, F-S and M-S groups. Sixty-two BMD modeled genes and nine pathways were common across all four groups. There were no differential sensitivity of responses in the robust common genes and pathways. Conclusion: For radiation-responsive genes and pathways common across the study groups, the BMD distribution of transcriptional activity was unaltered by sex and smoking status. Although further validation of the data is needed, these initial findings suggest BMD values for radiation relevant genes and pathways are robust and could be explored further in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Adam
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ngoc Q Vuong
- Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hailey Adams
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Carole Yauk
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Zhang YQ, Chen RL, Shang LQ, Yang SM. Nicotine-induced miR-21-3p promotes chemoresistance in lung cancer by negatively regulating FOXO3a. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:260. [PMID: 35765274 PMCID: PMC9219026 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and cigarette smoking is reported to contribute to the lung cancer-related mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying nicotine-induced chemoresistance in lung cancer. The expression of microRNA (miR)-21-3p and its predicted target FOXO3a in lung cancer cells was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, in the presence or absence of nicotine. The regulatory effect of miR-21-3p and FOXO3a on lung cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by docetaxel or cisplatin treatment was evaluated by performing Cell Counting Kit-8 and Annexin V/PI staining assays, respectively. The interaction between miR-21-3p and FOXO3a was analyzed by performing luciferase reporter assays and western blotting. FOXO3a overexpression rescue experiments were conducted in vitro and in vivo using a xenograft mouse model to assess the function of miR-21-3p/FOXO3a in lung cancer. Nicotine induced miR-21-3p expression in lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. miR-21-3p downregulated FOXO3a expression by directly binding to the 3′-untranslated region of FOXO3a. Moreover, miR-21-3p knockdown sensitized lung cancer cells to docetaxel or cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, FOXO3a was predicted as a direct target of miR-21-3p. FOXO3a overexpression promoted the chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells to docetaxel or cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, FOXO3a overexpression antagonized the regulatory function of miR-21-3p on docetaxel- or cisplatin-treated lung cancer cells. In the docetaxel- or cisplatin-treated lung cancer xenograft mouse model, miR-21-3p promoted chemoresistance via negatively regulating FOXO3a. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that nicotine-induced miR-21-3p promoted chemoresistance to docetaxel or cisplatin treatment via negatively regulating FOXO3a, which may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with chemoresistant lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Shang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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17
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Perera C, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Hou L, Qu A, Zheng C, Xie K, Liu L. HIMA2: high-dimensional mediation analysis and its application in epigenome-wide DNA methylation data. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:296. [PMID: 35879655 PMCID: PMC9310002 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediation analysis plays a major role in identifying significant mediators in the pathway between environmental exposures and health outcomes. With advanced data collection technology for large-scale studies, there has been growing research interest in developing methodology for high-dimensional mediation analysis. In this paper we present HIMA2, an extension of the HIMA method (Zhang in Bioinformatics 32:3150-3154, 2016). First, the proposed HIMA2 reduces the dimension of mediators to a manageable level based on the sure independence screening (SIS) method (Fan in J R Stat Soc Ser B 70:849-911, 2008). Second, a de-biased Lasso procedure is implemented for estimating regression parameters. Third, we use a multiple-testing procedure to accurately control the false discovery rate (FDR) when testing high-dimensional mediation hypotheses. We demonstrate its practical performance using Monte Carlo simulation studies and apply our method to identify DNA methylation markers which mediate the pathway from smoking to reduced lung function in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamila Perera
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Haixiang Zhang
- Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Annie Qu
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ke Xie
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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18
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Garland LL, Guillen-Rodriguez J, Hsu CH, Davis LE, Szabo E, Husted CR, Liu H, LeClerc A, Alekseyev YO, Liu G, Bauman JE, Spira AE, Beane J, Wojtowicz M, Chow HHS. Clinical Study of Aspirin and Zileuton on Biomarkers of Tobacco-Related Carcinogenesis in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2893. [PMID: 35740559 PMCID: PMC9221101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive effect of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on lung cancer risk is supported by epidemiologic and preclinical studies. Zileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, has additive activity with NSAIDs against tobacco carcinogenesis in preclinical models. We hypothesized that cyclooxygenase plus 5-lipoxygenase inhibition would be more effective than a placebo in modulating the nasal epithelium gene signatures of tobacco exposure and lung cancer. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded study of low-dose aspirin plus zileuton vs. double placebo in current smokers to compare the modulating effects on nasal gene expression and arachidonic acid metabolism. In total, 63 participants took aspirin 81 mg daily plus zileuton (Zyflo CR) 600 mg BID or the placebo for 12 weeks. Nasal brushes from the baseline, end-of-intervention, and one-week post intervention were profiled via microarray. Aspirin plus zilueton had minimal effects on the modulation of the nasal or bronchial gene expression signatures of smoking, lung cancer, and COPD but favorably modulated a bronchial gene expression signature of squamous dysplasia. Aspirin plus zileuton suppressed urinary leukotriene but not prostaglandin E2, suggesting shunting through the cyclooxygenase pathway when combined with 5-lipoxygenase inhibition. Continued investigation of leukotriene inhibitors is needed to confirm these findings, understand the long-term effects on the airway epithelium, and identify the safest, optimally dosed agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L. Garland
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - José Guillen-Rodriguez
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-H.S.C.)
| | - Lisa E. Davis
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Eva Szabo
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesa, MD 20892, USA; (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Christopher R. Husted
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.H.); (H.L.); (G.L.); (A.E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.H.); (H.L.); (G.L.); (A.E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Ashley LeClerc
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (A.L.); (Y.O.A.)
| | - Yuriy O. Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (A.L.); (Y.O.A.)
| | - Gang Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.H.); (H.L.); (G.L.); (A.E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Julie E. Bauman
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-H.S.C.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, George Washington (GW) University and GW Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Avrum E. Spira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.H.); (H.L.); (G.L.); (A.E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (C.R.H.); (H.L.); (G.L.); (A.E.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Malgorzata Wojtowicz
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesa, MD 20892, USA; (E.S.); (M.W.)
| | - H.-H. Sherry Chow
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (J.G.-R.); (C.-H.H.); (H.-H.S.C.)
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19
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Klukowska AM, Staartjes VE, Vandertop WP, Schröder ML. Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test Performance in Healthy Individuals: Reference Values and Predictors From 2 Prospective Cohorts. Neurospine 2022; 18:760-769. [PMID: 35000330 PMCID: PMC8752709 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2142750.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The 5-repetition-sit-to-stand (5R-STS) test is an objective test of functional impairment- commonly used in various diseases, including lumbar degenerative disc diseases. It is used to measure the severity of disease and to monitor recovery. We aimed to evaluate reference values for the test, as well as factors predicting 5R-STS performance in healthy adults.
Methods Healthy adults (> 18 years of age) were recruited, and their 5R-STS time was measured. Their age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education level, work situation and EuroQOL-5D Healthy & Anxiety category were recorded. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of 5R-STS performance.
Results We included 172 individuals with mean age of 39.4±14.1 years and mean BMI of 24.0 ±4.0 kg/m2. Females constituted 57%. Average 5R-STS time was 6.21 ±1.92 seconds, with an upper limit of normal of 12.39 seconds. In a multivariable model, age (regression coefficient [RC], 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05/0.09; p<0.001), male sex (RC, -0.87; 95% CI, -1.50 to -0.23; p=0.008), BMI (RC, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.10–0.71; p=0.010), height (RC, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.22; p=0.006), and houseworker status (RC, -1.62; 95% CI, -2.93 to -0.32; p=0.016) were significantly associated with 5R-STS time. Anxiety and depression did not influence performance significantly (RC, 0.82; 95% CI, -0.14 to 1.77; p=0.097).
Conclusion The presented reference values can be applied as normative data for 5R-STS in healthy adults, and are necessary to judge what constitutes abnormal performance. We identified several significant factors associated with 5R-STS performance that may be used to calculate individualized expected test times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Klukowska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Queen's Medical Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E Staartjes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc L Schröder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bergman Clinics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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du Preez HN, Aldous C, Hayden MR, Kruger HG, Lin J. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 described through the lens of an undersulfated and degraded epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22052. [PMID: 34862979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101100rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx surrounds every eukaryotic cell and is a complex mesh of proteins and carbohydrates. It consists of proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan side chains, which are highly sulfated under normal physiological conditions. The degree of sulfation and the position of the sulfate groups mainly determine biological function. The intact highly sulfated glycocalyx of the epithelium may repel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through electrostatic forces. However, if the glycocalyx is undersulfated and 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B (3OST-3B) is overexpressed, as is the case during chronic inflammatory conditions, SARS-CoV-2 entry may be facilitated by the glycocalyx. The degree of sulfation and position of the sulfate groups will also affect functions such as immune modulation, the inflammatory response, vascular permeability and tone, coagulation, mediation of sheer stress, and protection against oxidative stress. The rate-limiting factor to sulfation is the availability of inorganic sulfate. Various genetic and epigenetic factors will affect sulfur metabolism and inorganic sulfate availability, such as various dietary factors, and exposure to drugs, environmental toxins, and biotoxins, which will deplete inorganic sulfate. The role that undersulfation plays in the various comorbid conditions that predispose to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is also considered. The undersulfated glycocalyx may not only increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but would also result in a hyperinflammatory response, vascular permeability, and shedding of the glycocalyx components, giving rise to a procoagulant and antifibrinolytic state and eventual multiple organ failure. These symptoms relate to a diagnosis of systemic septic shock seen in almost all COVID-19 deaths. The focus of prevention and treatment protocols proposed is the preservation of epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N du Preez
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colleen Aldous
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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21
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Wu HH, Hua X, Shi J, Chatterjee N, Zhu B. Utilizing patient information to identify subtype heterogeneity of cancer driver genes. Stat Methods Med Res 2021; 31:510-519. [PMID: 34816788 DOI: 10.1177/09622802211055854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying cancer driver genes is essential for understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and designing therapeutic strategies. Although driver genes have been identified for many cancer types, it is still not clear whether the selection pressure of driver genes is homogeneous across cancer subtypes. We propose a statistical framework MutScot to improve the identification of driver genes and to investigate the heterogeneity of driver genes across cancer subtypes. Through simulation studies, we show that MutScot properly controls the type I error in detecting driver genes. In addition, we demonstrate that MutScot can identify subtype heterogeneity of driver genes. Applications to three studies in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project showcase that MutScot has a desirable sensitivity for detecting driver genes and that MutScot identifies subtype heterogeneity of driver genes in breast cancer and lung cancer with regards to the status of hormone receptor and to the smoking status, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hsiang Wu
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 4137Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xing Hua
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Program, 7286Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, 2511National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, 2511National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Bosch J, Weaver TL, Arnold LD. Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Oral Health Among Women in the United States: Findings From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:10220-10238. [PMID: 31660775 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519883872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively impact physical and mental health. There is a paucity of research examining the impact of ACEs on oral health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to better understand how ACEs may impact oral health utilizing a nationally representative sample of females. Data from the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were utilized. The sample comprised 36,249 females. Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between multiple forms of ACEs and oral health, mental health, smoking, and health-related quality of life. Logistic regression models were generated for the outcomes of interest: last dental cleaning, significant tooth loss, smoking, and health-related quality of life. Post-hoc analyses were conducted to examine whether smoking and dental cleaning moderated the relationship between ACEs and significant tooth loss. All ACE categories were significantly associated with poor health-related quality of life, being a current or former smoker, last dental cleaning >1 year, and significant tooth loss even after adjusting for demographic variables. Last dental cleaning and being a current or former smoker moderated the relationship between ACEs and significant tooth loss. This study affirms other findings that women with a history of ACEs were more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors, specifically cigarette smoking, which has been strongly associated with ACEs. These findings underscore the importance of including oral health in future studies given it has implications for disease development. Furthermore, dental visits may provide a window of opportunity for trauma-informed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Bosch
- Saint Louis University, MO, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
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23
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Xu Z, Platig J, Lee S, Boueiz A, Chase R, Jain D, Gregory A, Suryadevara R, Berman S, Bowler R, Hersh CP, Laederach A, Castaldi PJ. Cigarette smoking-associated isoform switching and 3' UTR lengthening via alternative polyadenylation. Genomics 2021; 113:4184-4195. [PMID: 34763026 PMCID: PMC8722433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking induces a profound transcriptomic and systemic inflammatory response. Previous studies have focused on gene level differential expression of smoking, but the genome-wide effects of smoking on alternative isoform regulation have not yet been described. We conducted RNA sequencing in whole-blood samples of 454 current and 767 former smokers in the COPDGene Study, and we analyzed the effects of smoking on differential usage of isoforms and exons. At 10% FDR, we detected 3167 differentially expressed genes, 945 differentially used isoforms and 160 differentially used exons. Isoform switch analysis revealed widespread 3' UTR lengthening associated with cigarette smoking. The lengthening of these 3' UTRs was consistent with alternative usage of distal polyadenylation sites, and these extended 3' UTR regions were significantly enriched with functional sequence elements including microRNA and RNA-protein binding sites. These findings warrant further studies on alternative polyadenylation events as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Platig
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rob Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhawal Jain
- Pulmonary Drug Discovery Laboratory, Bayer US LLC. Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Seth Berman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alain Laederach
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Mastalerz M, Dick E, Chakraborty AA, Hennen E, Schamberger AC, Schröppel A, Lindner M, Hatz R, Behr J, Hilgendorff A, Schmid O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Validation of in vitro models for smoke exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 322:L129-L148. [PMID: 34668416 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The bronchial epithelium is constantly challenged by inhalative insults including cigarette smoke (CS), a key risk factor for lung disease. In vitro exposure of bronchial epithelial cells using CS extract (CSE) is a widespread alternative to whole CS (wCS) exposure. However, CSE exposure protocols vary considerably between studies, precluding direct comparison of applied doses. Moreover, they are rarely validated in terms of physiological response in vivo and the relevance of the findings is often unclear. METHODS We tested six different exposure settings in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs), including five CSE protocols in comparison with wCS exposure. We quantified cell-delivered dose and directly compared all exposures using expression analysis of 10 well-established smoke-induced genes in bronchial epithelial cells. CSE exposure of phBECs was varied in terms of differentiation state, exposure route, duration of exposure, and dose. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Cell type-specific expression of smoke-induced genes was analyzed by immunofluorescent analysis. RESULTS Three surprisingly dissimilar exposure types, namely chronic CSE treatment of differentiating phBECs, acute CSE treatment of submerged basal phBECs, and wCS exposure of differentiated phBECs performed best, resulting in significant upregulation of seven (chronic CSE) and six (acute wCS, acute submerged CSE exposure) out of 10 genes. Acute apical or basolateral exposure of differentiated phBECs with CSE was much less effective despite similar doses used. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide guidance for the design of human in vitro CS exposure models in experimental and translational lung research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mastalerz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ashesh Anjankumar Chakraborty
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hennen
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea C Schamberger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröppel
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Hatz
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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25
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Davis ES, Ghosh A, Coakley RD, Wrennall JA, Lubamba BA, Rowell TR, Dang H, Pawlak EA, Li Q, Alexis NE, Ribeiro CMP, Tarran R. Chronic E-Cigarette Exposure Alters Human Alveolar Macrophage Morphology and Gene Expression. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:395-399. [PMID: 34519792 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are lung-resident immune cells that phagocytose inhaled particles and pathogens, and help coordinate the lung's immune response to infection. Little is known about the impact of chronic e-cigarette use (i.e. vaping) on this important pulmonary cell type. Thus, we determined the effect of vaping on alveolar macrophage (AM) phenotype and gene expression. METHODS We recruited never-smokers, smokers, and e-cigarette users (vapers) and performed research bronchoscopies to isolate AMs from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples and epithelial cells from bronchial brushings. We then performed morphological analyses and used the Nanostring platform to look for changes in gene expression. RESULTS AMs obtained from smokers and vapers were phenotypically distinct from those obtained from non-smokers, and from each other. Immunocytochemistry revealed that vapers AM's had significantly elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; M1) expression and significantly reduced CD301a (M2) expression compared to non-smokers or smokers. Vapers' AMs and bronchial epithelia exhibited unique changes in gene expression compared to non-smokers or smokers. Moreover, vapers' AMs were the most affected of all groups and had 124 genes uniquely downregulated. Gene ontology analysis revealed that vapers and smokers had opposing changes in biological processes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that vaping causes unique changes to AMs and bronchial epithelia compared to non-smokers and smokers which may impact pulmonary host defense. IMPLICATIONS These data indicate that normal "healthy" vapers have altered AMs and may be at risk of developing abnormal immune responses to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Davis
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Raymond D Coakley
- Department of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joe A Wrennall
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bob A Lubamba
- Marsico Lung Institute; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Temperance R Rowell
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Erica A Pawlak
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Quefeng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Carla M P Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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26
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Kokelj S, Östling J, Georgi B, Fromell K, Ekdahl KN, Olsson HK, Olin AC. Smoking induces sex-specific changes in the small airway proteome. Respir Res 2021; 22:234. [PMID: 34429114 PMCID: PMC8385797 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoke triggers many cellular and signaling responses in the lung and the resulting inflammation plays a central role in smoke-related lung diseases, such as COPD. We explored the effects of smoking on the small airway proteome in samples obtained by collection of exhaled particles with the aim to identify specific proteins dysregulated by smoking. Methods Exhaled particles were obtained from 38 current smokers, 47 former smokers and 22 healthy controls with the PExA method. 120 ng of sample was collected from individual subjects and analyzed with the SOMAscan proteomics platform. General linear model-based statistics were performed. Results Two hundred and three proteins were detected in at least half of 107 total samples. Active smoking exerted a significant impact on the protein composition of respiratory tract lining fluid (RTLF), with 81 proteins altered in current smokers compared to never smokers (p < 0.05, q < 0.124). Among the proteins most clearly discriminating between current and never smokers were sRAGE, FSTL3, SPOCK2 and protein S, all of them being less abundant in current smokers. Analysis stratified for sex unveiled sex differences with more pronounced proteomic alterations due to active smoking in females than males. Proteins whose abundance was altered by active smoking in women were to a larger extent related to the complement system. The small airway protein profile of former smokers appeared to be more similar to that observed in never smokers. Conclusions The study shows that smoking has a strong impact on protein expression in the small airways, and that smoking affects men and women differently, suggesting PExA sampling combined with high sensitivity protein analysis offers a promising platform for early detection of COPD and identification of novel COPD drug targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01825-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spela Kokelj
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Inst. of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jörgen Östling
- PExA AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Georgi
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Fromell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Henric K Olsson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Inst. of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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27
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Watzky M, de Dieuleveult M, Letessier A, Saint-Ruf C, Miotto B. Assessing the consequences of environmental exposures on the expression of the human receptor and proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110317. [PMID: 33069705 PMCID: PMC7560643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of environmental condition on the infection by the novel pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 virus remains uncertain. In here, exploiting a large panel of publicly available genome-wide data, we investigated whether the human receptor ACE2 and human proteases TMPRSS2, FURIN and CATHEPSINs (B, L and V), which are involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, are transcriptionally regulated by environmental cues. We report that more than 50 chemicals modulate the expression of ACE2 or human proteases important for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. We further demonstrate that transcription factor AhR, which is commonly activated by pollutants, binds to the promoter of TMPRSS2 and enhancers and/or promoters of Cathepsin B, L and V encoding genes. Our exploratory study documents an influence of environmental exposures on the expression of genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. These results could be conceptually and medically relevant to our understanding of the COVID-19 disease, and should be further explored in laboratory and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Watzky
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Maud de Dieuleveult
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Anne Letessier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Claude Saint-Ruf
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, PARIS, France.
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Bonser LR, Koh KD, Johansson K, Choksi SP, Cheng D, Liu L, Sun DI, Zlock LT, Eckalbar WL, Finkbeiner WE, Erle DJ. Flow-Cytometric Analysis and Purification of Airway Epithelial-Cell Subsets. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:308-317. [PMID: 33196316 PMCID: PMC7909335 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0149ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway epithelium is essential in homeostasis, and epithelial dysfunction contributes to chronic airway disease. Development of flow-cytometric methods to characterize subsets of airway epithelial cells will enable further dissection of airway epithelial biology. Leveraging single-cell RNA-sequencing data in combination with known cell type-specific markers, we developed panels of antibodies to characterize and isolate the major airway epithelial subsets (basal, ciliated, and secretory cells) from human bronchial epithelial-cell cultures. We also identified molecularly distinct subpopulations of secretory cells and demonstrated cell subset-specific expression of low-abundance transcripts and microRNAs that are challenging to analyze with current single-cell RNA-sequencing methods. These new tools will be valuable for analyzing and separating airway epithelial subsets and interrogating airway epithelial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung Duk Koh
- Lung Biology Center
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Kristina Johansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
| | | | - Dan Cheng
- Lung Biology Center
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Leqian Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences
| | | | | | - Walter L. Eckalbar
- Lung Biology Center
- University of California, San Francisco CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | | | - David J. Erle
- Lung Biology Center
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- University of California, San Francisco CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
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29
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Shidal C, Yoon HS, Zheng W, Wu J, Franke AA, Blot WJ, Shu XO, Cai Q. Prospective study of plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 and lung cancer risk in a low-income population in the Southeastern United States. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1439-1447. [PMID: 33547884 PMCID: PMC7926017 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a ubiquitous molecule in living organisms serving as a cofactor in energy production. Epidemiological studies have reported low CoQ10 levels being associated with an increased risk of various cancers. We conducted the first study to evaluate the association of CoQ10 concentrations with lung cancer risk. Methods A nested case‐control study including 201 lung cancer cases and 395 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study was conducted. Plasma CoQ10 levels were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with photo‐diode array detection. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between plasma CoQ10 levels and lung cancer risk. Results Plasma CoQ10 concentration was inversely associated with the risk of lung cancer. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status, the OR (95% CI) comparing the third to first tertile was 0.57 (0.36–0.91, P for trend = 0.02). Further adjustments for smoking, alcohol, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and body mass index attenuated the point estimate slightly (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.34–1.08, P for trend = 0.11), comparing third to first tertiles. Stratified analyses identified a significant inverse association between plasma CoQ10 levels and lung cancer risk in current smokers, but not in former/never smokers. The association was more evident in cases who were diagnosed within 1 year of blood draw than in cases diagnosed after 1 year. Conclusions Low plasma CoQ10 was significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk, particularly among current smokers. The stronger association seen shortly following the blood draw suggests that CoQ10 may be related to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Shidal
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hyung-Suk Yoon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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30
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Yin J, Kasper B, Petersen F, Yu X. Association of Cigarette Smoking, COPD, and Lung Cancer With Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes in Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:619453. [PMID: 33425965 PMCID: PMC7793919 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.619453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 enters into human airway epithelial cells via membrane fusion or endocytosis, and this process is dependent on ACE2, TMPRSS2, and cathepsin L. In this study, we examined the expression profiles of the three SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in primary human airway epithelial cells isolated from smokers, non-smokers, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung cancer. An exhaustive search of the GEO database was performed to identify eligible data on 1st June 2020. In total, 46 GEO datasets comprising transcriptomic data of 3,053 samples were identified as eligible data for further analysis. All meta-analysis were performed using RStudio. Standardized mean difference was utilized to assess the effect size of a factor on the expression of targeted genes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. This study revealed that (i) cigarette smoking is associated with an increased expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and a decreased expression of cathepsin L; (ii) significant alternations in expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and cathepsin L were observed between current smokers and former smokers, but not between former smokers and never smokers; (iii) when compared with healthy controls with identical smoking status, patients with COPD or lung cancer showed negligible changes in expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and cathepsin L. Therefore, this study implicates cigarette smoking might contribute to the development of COVID-19 by affecting the expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes, while smoking cessation could be effective to reduce the potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Yin
- Division of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, Department of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kasper
- Division of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, Department of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Division of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, Department of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, Department of Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
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31
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Voinsky I, Gurwitz D. Smoking and COVID-19: Similar bronchial ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and higher TMPRSS4 expression in current versus never smokers. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:1073-1080. [PMID: 32757420 PMCID: PMC7436865 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainties remain concerning the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and potential therapeutics for COVID-19. Among unsettled controversies is whether tobacco smoking increases or protects from severe COVID-19. Several epidemiological studies reported reduced COVID-19 hospitalizations among smokers, while other studies reported the opposite trend. Some authors assumed that smokers have elevated airway expression of ACE2, the cell recognition site of the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein, but this suggestion remains unverified. We therefore performed data mining of two independent NCBI GEO genome-wide RNA expression files (GSE7894 and GSE994) and report that in both data sets, current smokers and never smokers have, on average, closely similar bronchial epithelial cell mRNA levels of ACE2, as well as TMPRSS2, coding for a serine protease priming SARS-Cov-2 for cell entry, and ADAM17, coding for a protease implicated in ACE2 membrane shedding. In contrast, the expression levels of TMPRSS4, coding for a protease that primes SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry similarly to TMPRSS2, were elevated in bronchial epithelial cells from current smokers compared with never smokers, suggesting that higher bronchial TMPRSS4 levels in smokers might put them at higher SARS-Cov-2 infection risk. The effects of smoking on COVID-19 severity need clarification with larger studies. Additionally, the postulated protective effects of nicotine and nitric oxide, which may presumably reduce the risk of a "cytokine storm" in infected individuals, deserve assessment by controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Voinsky
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and BiochemistrySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and BiochemistrySackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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32
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Cao X, Coyle JP, Xiong R, Wang Y, Heflich RH, Ren B, Gwinn WM, Hayden P, Rojanasakul L. Invited review: human air-liquid-interface organotypic airway tissue models derived from primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells-overview and perspectives. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 57:104-132. [PMID: 33175307 PMCID: PMC7657088 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung is an organ that is directly exposed to the external environment. Given the large surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne substances, such as pathogens, allergens, chemicals, and particulate matter. Highly elaborate and effective mechanisms have evolved to protect and maintain homeostasis in the lung. Despite these sophisticated defense mechanisms, the respiratory system remains highly susceptible to environmental challenges. Because of the impact of respiratory exposure on human health and disease, there has been considerable interest in developing reliable and predictive in vitro model systems for respiratory toxicology and basic research. Human air-liquid-interface (ALI) organotypic airway tissue models derived from primary tracheobronchial epithelial cells have in vivo–like structure and functions when they are fully differentiated. The presence of the air-facing surface allows conducting in vitro exposures that mimic human respiratory exposures. Exposures can be conducted using particulates, aerosols, gases, vapors generated from volatile and semi-volatile substances, and respiratory pathogens. Toxicity data have been generated using nanomaterials, cigarette smoke, e-cigarette vapors, environmental airborne chemicals, drugs given by inhalation, and respiratory viruses and bacteria. Although toxicity evaluations using human airway ALI models require further standardization and validation, this approach shows promise in supplementing or replacing in vivo animal models for conducting research on respiratory toxicants and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Cao
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA.
| | - Jayme P Coyle
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Yiying Wang
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Robert H Heflich
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - Baiping Ren
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., AR, Jefferson, USA
| | - William M Gwinn
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Liying Rojanasakul
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
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33
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Choi Y, Qu J, Wu S, Hao Y, Zhang J, Ning J, Yang X, Lofaro L, Pankratz DG, Babiarz J, Walsh PS, Billatos E, Lenburg ME, Kennedy GC, McAuliffe J, Huang J. Improving lung cancer risk stratification leveraging whole transcriptome RNA sequencing and machine learning across multiple cohorts. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:151. [PMID: 33087128 PMCID: PMC7579926 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer has low diagnostic sensitivity, rendering many inconclusive results. The Bronchial Genomic Classifier (BGC) was developed to help with patient management by identifying those with low risk of lung cancer when bronchoscopy is inconclusive. The BGC was trained and validated on patients in the Airway Epithelial Gene Expression in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (AEGIS) trials. A modern patient cohort, the BGC Registry, showed differences in key clinical factors from the AEGIS cohorts, with less smoking history, smaller nodules and older age. Additionally, we discovered interfering factors (inhaled medication and sample collection timing) that impacted gene expressions and potentially disguised genomic cancer signals. METHODS In this study, we leveraged multiple cohorts and next generation sequencing technology to develop a robust Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC). To address demographic composition shift and interfering factors, we synergized three algorithmic strategies: 1) ensemble of clinical dominant and genomic dominant models; 2) development of hierarchical regression models where the main effects from clinical variables were regressed out prior to the genomic impact being fitted in the model; and 3) targeted placement of genomic and clinical interaction terms to stabilize the effect of interfering factors. The final GSC model uses 1232 genes and four clinical covariates - age, pack-years, inhaled medication use, and specimen collection timing. RESULTS In the validation set (N = 412), the GSC down-classified low and intermediate pre-test risk subjects to very low and low post-test risk with a specificity of 45% (95% CI 37-53%) and a sensitivity of 91% (95%CI 81-97%), resulting in a negative predictive value of 95% (95% CI 89-98%). Twelve percent of intermediate pre-test risk subjects were up-classified to high post-test risk with a positive predictive value of 65% (95%CI 44-82%), and 27% of high pre-test risk subjects were up-classified to very high post-test risk with a positive predictive value of 91% (95% CI 78-97%). CONCLUSIONS The GSC overcame the impact of interfering factors and achieved consistent performance across multiple cohorts. It demonstrated diagnostic accuracy in both down- and up-classification of cancer risk, providing physicians actionable information for many patients with inconclusive bronchoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonha Choi
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jianghan Qu
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shuyang Wu
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yangyang Hao
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Xinwu Yang
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Lori Lofaro
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - P Sean Walsh
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Ehab Billatos
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Jon McAuliffe
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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34
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Cai G, Bossé Y, Xiao F, Kheradmand F, Amos CI. Tobacco Smoking Increases the Lung Gene Expression of ACE2, the Receptor of SARS-CoV-2. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1557-1559. [PMID: 32329629 PMCID: PMC7301735 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0693le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Cai
- University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Feifei Xiao
- University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
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35
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Dissecting the cellular specificity of smoking effects and reconstructing lineages in the human airway epithelium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2485. [PMID: 32427931 PMCID: PMC7237663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke first interacts with the lung through the cellularly diverse airway epithelium and goes on to drive development of most chronic lung diseases. Here, through single cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the tracheal epithelium from smokers and non-smokers, we generate a comprehensive atlas of epithelial cell types and states, connect these into lineages, and define cell-specific responses to smoking. Our analysis infers multi-state lineages that develop into surface mucus secretory and ciliated cells and then contrasts these to the unique specification of submucosal gland (SMG) cells. Accompanying knockout studies reveal that tuft-like cells are the likely progenitor of both pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and CFTR-rich ionocytes. Our smoking analysis finds that all cell types, including protected stem and SMG populations, are affected by smoking through both pan-epithelial smoking response networks and hundreds of cell-specific response genes, redefining the penetrance and cellular specificity of smoking effects on the human airway epithelium.
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36
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Drizik E, Corbett S, Zheng Y, Vermeulen R, Dai Y, Hu W, Ren D, Duan H, Niu Y, Xu J, Fu W, Meliefste K, Zhou B, Zhang X, Yang J, Bassig B, Liu H, Ye M, Liu G, Jia X, Meng T, Bin P, Zhang J, Silverman D, Spira A, Rothman N, Lenburg ME, Lan Q. Transcriptomic changes in the nasal epithelium associated with diesel engine exhaust exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105506. [PMID: 32044442 PMCID: PMC8725607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure causes lung cancer, but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To assess transcriptomic alterations in nasal epithelium of DEE-exposed factory workers to better understand the cellular and molecular effects of DEE. METHODS Nasal epithelial brushings were obtained from 41 diesel engine factory workers exposed to relatively high levels of DEE (17.2-105.4 μg/m3), and 38 unexposed workers from factories without DEE exposure. mRNA was profiled for gene expression using Affymetrix microarrays. Linear modeling was used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with DEE exposure and interaction effects with current smoking status. Pathway enrichment among differentially expressed genes was assessed using EnrichR. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to compare gene expression patterns between datasets. RESULTS 225 genes had expression associated with DEE exposure after adjusting for smoking status (FDR q < 0.25) and were enriched for genes in pathways related to oxidative stress response, cell cycle pathways such as MAPK/ERK, protein modification, and transmembrane transport. Genes up-regulated in DEE-exposed individuals were enriched among the genes most up-regulated by cigarette smoking in a previously reported bronchial airway smoking dataset. We also found that the DEE signature was enriched among the genes most altered in two previous studies of the effects of acute DEE on PBMC gene expression. An exposure-response relationship was demonstrated between air levels of elemental carbon and the first principal component of the DEE signature. CONCLUSIONS A gene expression signature was identified for workers occupationally exposed to DEE that was altered in an exposure-dependent manner and had some overlap with the effects of smoking and the effects of acute DEE exposure. This is the first study of gene expression in nasal epithelial cells of workers heavily exposed to DEE and provides new insights into the molecular alterations that occur with DEE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Drizik
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Corbett
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - R Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Y Dai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - W Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - D Ren
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, China
| | - H Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Y Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - J Xu
- Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - W Fu
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, China
| | - K Meliefste
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Yang
- Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chaoyang, China
| | - Bryan Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Jia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - T Meng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - P Bin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute of Occupational, Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - D Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - A Spira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; The Lung Cancer Initiative at Johnson & Johnson, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - M E Lenburg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Q Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Aslan A, Hussein YT, Gok O, Beyaz S, Erman O, Baspinar S. Ellagic acid ameliorates lung damage in rats via modulating antioxidant activities, inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators and apoptosis-inducing activities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7526-7537. [PMID: 31885062 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals is considered one of the most effective and safe alternative therapy against oxidative linked lung diseases. Ellagic acid (EA), an important component of fruits, nuts, and vegetables, are partly responsible for their beneficial health effects against oxidation-related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of EA on lung damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar male albino rats. Thirty-six male rats (n = 36, 8-week old) were divided into 4 groups, each with 9 rats. The groups were: Control group: received standard diet; EA group: administered with EA (10 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal); CCl4 group: administered with CCl4 (1.5 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal); EA+CCl4 group: administered with EA and CCl4. . The rats were decapitated at the end of experimental period of 8 weeks and the lung tissues were examined. CCl4-induced rats showed elevation in the expressions of inflammatory proteins, nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); and the indicator of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA). Intraperitoneal administration of EA significantly reduced the levels of these markers. EA administration increased the protein expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and enhanced the activity of glutathione (GSH) and catalase enzyme (CAT). In addition, EA administration increased the expression levels of the executioner protein of apoptosis, caspase-3, and decreasing pro-survival protein, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). In conclusion, these results establishes the protective role of EA in the treatment of lung damage and that in the future, this may have the potential to be used as a medication for the prevention or attenuation of lung diseases. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Aslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology-Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Yousif Taha Hussein
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
- Nursing Department, Halabja Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Seda Beyaz
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Serpil Baspinar
- Health Services Vocational High School, Department of Medical Imaging, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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38
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Chang CM, Cheng YC, Cho TM, Mishina EV, Del Valle-Pinero AY, van Bemmel DM, Hatsukami DK. Biomarkers of Potential Harm: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:3-13. [PMID: 29253243 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Since 2009, the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) has had the authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products in order to reduce the death and disease caused by tobacco use. Biomarkers could play an important role across a number of FDA regulatory activities, including assessing new and modified risk tobacco products and identifying and evaluating potential product standards. Methods On April 4-5, 2016, FDA/CTP hosted a public workshop focused on biomarkers of potential harm (BOPH) with participants from government, industry, academia, and other organizations. The workshop was divided into five sessions focused on: (1) overview of BOPH; (2) cardiovascular disease (CVD); (3) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); (4) cancer; and (5) new areas of research. Results and Conclusions The deliberations from the workshop noted some promising BOPH but also highlighted the lack of systematic effort to identify BOPH that would have utility and validity for evaluating tobacco products. Research areas that could further strengthen the applicability of BOPH to tobacco regulatory science include the exploration of composite biomarkers as predictors of disease risk, "omics" biomarkers, and examining biomarkers using existing cohorts, surveys, and experimental studies. Implications This paper synthesizes the main findings from the 2016 FDA-sponsored workshop focused on BOPH and highlights research areas that could further strengthen the science around BOPH and their applicability to tobacco regulatory science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Chang
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Taehyeon M Cho
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Elena V Mishina
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Dana M van Bemmel
- Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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39
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Jose CC, Wang Z, Tanwar VS, Zhang X, Zang C, Cuddapah S. Nickel-induced transcriptional changes persist post exposure through epigenetic reprogramming. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:75. [PMID: 31856895 PMCID: PMC6921556 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nickel is an occupational and environmental toxicant associated with a number of diseases in humans including pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis and lung and nasal cancers. Our earlier studies showed that the nickel-exposure-induced genome-wide transcriptional changes, which persist even after the termination of exposure may underlie nickel pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms that drive nickel-induced persistent changes to the transcriptome remain elusive. Results To elucidate the mechanisms that underlie nickel-induced long-term transcriptional changes, in this study, we examined the transcriptome and the epigenome of human lung epithelial cells during nickel exposure and after the termination of exposure. We identified two categories of persistently differentially expressed genes: (i) the genes that were differentially expressed during nickel exposure; and (ii) the genes that were differentially expressed only after the termination of exposure. Interestingly, > 85% of the nickel-induced gene expression changes occurred only after the termination of exposure. We also found extensive genome-wide alterations to the activating histone modification, H3K4me3, after the termination of nickel exposure, which coincided with the post-exposure gene expression changes. In addition, we found significant post-exposure alterations to the repressive histone modification, H3K27me3. Conclusion Our results suggest that while modest first wave of transcriptional changes occurred during nickel exposure, extensive transcriptional changes occurred during a second wave of transcription for which removal of nickel ions was essential. By uncovering a new category of transcriptional and epigenetic changes, which occur only after the termination of exposure, this study provides a novel understanding of the long-term deleterious consequences of nickel exposure on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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40
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Duclos GE, Teixeira VH, Autissier P, Gesthalter YB, Reinders-Luinge MA, Terrano R, Dumas YM, Liu G, Mazzilli SA, Brandsma CA, van den Berge M, Janes SM, Timens W, Lenburg ME, Spira A, Campbell JD, Beane J. Characterizing smoking-induced transcriptional heterogeneity in the human bronchial epithelium at single-cell resolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3413. [PMID: 31844660 PMCID: PMC6905872 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human bronchial epithelium is composed of multiple distinct cell types that cooperate to defend against environmental insults. While studies have shown that smoking alters bronchial epithelial function and morphology, its precise effects on specific cell types and overall tissue composition are unclear. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile bronchial epithelial cells from six never and six current smokers. Unsupervised analyses led to the characterization of a set of toxin metabolism genes that localized to smoker ciliated cells, tissue remodeling associated with a loss of club cells and extensive goblet cell hyperplasia, and a previously unidentified peri-goblet epithelial subpopulation in smokers who expressed a marker of bronchial premalignant lesions. Our data demonstrate that smoke exposure drives a complex landscape of cellular alterations that may prime the human bronchial epithelium for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Duclos
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vitor H. Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Autissier
- Boston University Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaron B. Gesthalter
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marjan A. Reinders-Luinge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robert Terrano
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yves M. Dumas
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah A. Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sam M. Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marc E. Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Garland LL, Guillen-Rodriguez J, Hsu CH, Yozwiak M, Zhang HH, Alberts DS, Davis LE, Szabo E, Merenstein C, Lel J, Zhang X, Liu H, Liu G, Spira AE, Beane JE, Wojtowicz M, Chow HHS. Effect of Intermittent Versus Continuous Low-Dose Aspirin on Nasal Epithelium Gene Expression in Current Smokers: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:809-820. [PMID: 31451521 PMCID: PMC7485120 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemopreventive effect of aspirin (ASA) on lung cancer risk is supported by epidemiologic and preclinical studies. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded study in current heavy smokers to compare modulating effects of intermittent versus continuous low-dose ASA on nasal epithelium gene expression and arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism. Fifty-four participants were randomized to intermittent (ASA 81 mg daily for one week/placebo for one week) or continuous (ASA 81 mg daily) for 12 weeks. Low-dose ASA suppressed urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGEM; change of -4.55 ± 11.52 from baseline 15.44 ± 13.79 ng/mg creatinine for arms combined, P = 0.02), a surrogate of COX-mediated ARA metabolism, but had minimal effects on nasal gene expression of nasal or bronchial gene-expression signatures associated with smoking, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Suppression of urinary PGEM correlated with favorable changes in a smoking-associated gene signature (P < 0.01). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that ASA intervention led to 1,079 enriched gene sets from the Canonical Pathways within the Molecular Signatures Database. In conclusion, low-dose ASA had minimal effects on known carcinogenesis gene signatures in nasal epithelium of current smokers but results in wide-ranging genomic changes in the nasal epithelium, demonstrating utility of nasal brushings as a surrogate to measure gene-expression responses to chemoprevention. PGEM may serve as a marker for smoking-associated gene-expression changes and systemic inflammation. Future studies should focus on NSAIDs or agent combinations with broader inhibition of pro-inflammatory ARA metabolism to shift gene signatures in an anti-carcinogenic direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona
| | | | | | | | - Lisa E Davis
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona
| | - Eva Szabo
- Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI/NIH, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Julian Lel
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gang Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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42
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Imkamp K, Bernal V, Grzegorzcyk M, Horvatovich P, Vermeulen CJ, Heijink IH, Guryev V, Kerstjens HAM, van den Berge M, Faiz A. Gene network approach reveals co-expression patterns in nasal and bronchial epithelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15835. [PMID: 31676779 PMCID: PMC6825243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal gene expression profiling is a new approach to investigate the airway epithelium as a biomarker to study the activity and treatment responses of obstructive pulmonary diseases. We investigated to what extent gene expression profiling of nasal brushings is similar to that of bronchial brushings. We performed genome wide gene expression profiling on matched nasal and bronchial epithelial brushes from 77 respiratory healthy individuals. To investigate differences and similarities among regulatory modules, network analysis was performed on correlated, differentially expressed and smoking-related genes using Gaussian Graphical Models. Between nasal and bronchial brushes, 619 genes were correlated and 1692 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05, |Fold-change|>2). Network analysis of correlated genes showed pro-inflammatory pathways to be similar between the two locations. Focusing on smoking-related genes, cytochrome-P450 pathway related genes were found to be similar, supporting the concept of a detoxifying response to tobacco exposure throughout the airways. In contrast, cilia-related pathways were decreased in nasal compared to bronchial brushes when focusing on differentially expressed genes. Collectively, while there are substantial differences in gene expression between nasal and bronchial brushes, we also found similarities, especially in the response to the external factors such as smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Imkamp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor Bernal
- University of Groningen, Bernoulli Institute (JBI), Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Grzegorzcyk
- University of Groningen, Bernoulli Institute (JBI), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- University of Groningen, Department of Pharmacy, Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Vermeulen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huib A M Kerstjens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, section Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Technology Sydney, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology (RBMB), School of life sciences, Sydney, Australia.,Woolcock Emphysema Centre, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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43
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Tindle HA, Stevenson Duncan M, Greevy RA, Vasan RS, Kundu S, Massion PP, Freiberg MS. Lifetime Smoking History and Risk of Lung Cancer: Results From the Framingham Heart Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 110:1201-1207. [PMID: 29788259 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relative risk of lung cancer decreases with years since quitting (YSQ) smoking, but risk beyond 25 YSQ remains unclear. Current lung cancer screening guidelines, which exclude smokers with more than 15 YSQ, may not detect lung cancers in this population. Methods We analyzed data from Framingham Heart Study Original (n = 3905) and Offspring cohort (n = 5002) participants for lifetime smoking and lung cancer incidence from 1954 to 1958 (Exam 4) and 1971 to 1975 (Exam 1), respectively, through 2013. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to compare current, former, and never smokers and lung cancer risk. Smoking status and covariates were time-updated every two years (Original) or four years (Offspring). Primary analyses were restricted to heavy ever smokers with more than 21.3 pack-years; additional analyses included all ever smokers. Results On follow-up (median = 28.7 years), 284 lung cancers were detected: incidence rates/1000 person-years in current, former, and never smokers were 1.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.66 to 2.33), 1.61 (95% CI = 1.34 to 1.93), and 0.26 (95% CI = 0.17 to 0.39), respectively. Heavy former (vs never) smokers had elevated lung cancer risk at all YSQ (<5: hazard ratio [HR] = 12.12, 95% CI = 6.94 to 21.17; 5-9: HR = 11.77, 95% CI = 6.78 to 20.45; 10-14: HR = 7.81, 95% CI = 3.98 to 15.33; 15-24: HR = 5.88, 95% CI = 3.19-10.83; ≥25: HR = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.80 to 8.26). Heavy former (vs current) smokers had 39.1% lower lung cancer risk within five YSQ. Among all former smokers, 40.8% of lung cancers occurred after more than 15 YSQ. Conclusions Among heavy former smokers, lung cancer risk drops within five YSQ relative to continuing smokers, yet it remains more than threefold higher than never smokers after 25 YSQ. Four of ten lung cancers occurred in former smokers with more 15 YSQ, beyond the screening window of the current guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Tindle
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Meredith Stevenson Duncan
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham and Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Robert A Greevy
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham and Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Suman Kundu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,the Medical Service, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew S Freiberg
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
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44
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Corbett SE, Nitzberg M, Moses E, Kleerup E, Wang T, Perdomo C, Perdomo C, Liu G, Xiao X, Liu H, Elashoff DA, Brooks DR, O'Connor GT, Dubinett SM, Spira A, Lenburg ME. Gene Expression Alterations in the Bronchial Epithelium of e-Cigarette Users. Chest 2019; 156:764-773. [PMID: 31233743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although e-cigarette (ECIG) use has increased in the United States, their potential health effects remain uncertain. Understanding the effects of tobacco cigarette (TCIG) smoke on bronchial airway epithelial gene expression have previously provided insights into tobacco-related disease pathogenesis. Identifying the impact of ECIGs on airway gene expression could provide insights into their potential long-term health effects. We sought to compare the bronchial airway gene-expression profiles of former TCIG smokers now using ECIGs with the profiles of former and current TCIG smokers. METHODS We performed gene-expression profiling of bronchial epithelial cells collected from current TCIG smokers (n = 9), current ECIG users who are former TCIG smokers (n = 15), and former TCIG smokers (n = 21). We then compared our findings with previous studies of the effects of TCIG use on bronchial epithelium, as well an in vitro model of ECIG exposure. RESULTS Among 3,165 genes whose expression varied between the three study groups (q < 0.05), we identified 468 genes altered in ECIG users relative to former smokers (P < .05). Seventy-nine of these genes were up- or down-regulated concordantly among ECIG and TCIG users. We did not detect ECIG-associated gene-expression changes in known pathways associated with TCIG usage. Genes downregulated in ECIG users are enriched among the genes most downregulated by exposure of airway epithelium to ECIG vapor in vitro. CONCLUSIONS ECIGs induce both distinct and shared patterns of gene expression relative to TCIGs in the bronchial airway epithelium. The concordance of the genes altered in ECIG users and in the in vitro study suggests that genes altered in ECIG users are likely to be changed as the direct effect of ECIG exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Corbett
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew Nitzberg
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Moses
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Kleerup
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Teresa Wang
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Catalina Perdomo
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia Perdomo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gang Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David A Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel R Brooks
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Johnson & Johnson, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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45
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Hijazi K, Malyszko B, Steiling K, Xiao X, Liu G, Alekseyev YO, Dumas YM, Hertsgaard L, Jensen J, Hatsukami D, Brooks DR, O'Connor G, Beane J, Lenburg ME, Spira A. Tobacco-Related Alterations in Airway Gene Expression are Rapidly Reversed Within Weeks Following Smoking-Cessation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6978. [PMID: 31061400 PMCID: PMC6502805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiologic response to tobacco smoke can be measured by gene-expression profiling of the airway epithelium. Temporal resolution of kinetics of gene-expression alterations upon smoking-cessation might delineate distinct biological processes that are activated during recovery from tobacco smoke exposure. Using whole genome gene-expression profiling of individuals initiating a smoking-cessation attempt, we sought to characterize the kinetics of gene-expression alterations in response to short-term smoking-cessation in the nasal epithelium. RNA was extracted from the nasal epithelial of active smokers at baseline and at 4, 8, 16, and 24-weeks after smoking-cessation and put onto Gene ST arrays. Gene-expression levels of 119 genes were associated with smoking-cessation (FDR < 0.05, FC ≥1.7) with a majority of the changes occurring by 8-weeks and a subset changing by 4-weeks. Genes down-regulated by 4- and 8-weeks post-smoking-cessation were involved in xenobiotic metabolism and anti-apoptotic functions respectively. These genes were enriched among genes previously found to be induced in smokers and following short-term in vitro exposure of airway epithelial cells to cigarette smoke (FDR < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the nasal epithelium can serve as a minimally-invasive tool to measure the reversible impact of smoking and broadly, may serve to assess the physiological impact of changes in smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkeshan Hijazi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bozena Malyszko
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Katrina Steiling
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yuriy O Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yves-Martine Dumas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Louise Hertsgaard
- Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Joni Jensen
- Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Dorothy Hatsukami
- Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Daniel R Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - George O'Connor
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jennifer Beane
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- Johnson & Johnson Innovation Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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46
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Beane JE, Mazzilli SA, Campbell JD, Duclos G, Krysan K, Moy C, Perdomo C, Schaffer M, Liu G, Zhang S, Liu H, Vick J, Dhillon SS, Platero SJ, Dubinett SM, Stevenson C, Reid ME, Lenburg ME, Spira AE. Molecular subtyping reveals immune alterations associated with progression of bronchial premalignant lesions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1856. [PMID: 31015447 PMCID: PMC6478943 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs) are precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, but have variable outcome, and we lack tools to identify and treat PMLs at risk for progression to cancer. Here we report the identification of four molecular subtypes of PMLs with distinct differences in epithelial and immune processes based on RNA-Seq profiling of endobronchial biopsies from high-risk smokers. The Proliferative subtype is enriched with bronchial dysplasia and exhibits up-regulation of metabolic and cell cycle pathways. A Proliferative subtype-associated gene signature identifies subjects with Proliferative PMLs from normal-appearing uninvolved large airway brushings with high specificity. In progressive/persistent Proliferative lesions expression of interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation pathways decrease and immunofluorescence indicates a depletion of innate and adaptive immune cells compared with regressive lesions. Molecular biomarkers measured in PMLs or the uninvolved airway can enhance histopathological grading and suggest immunoprevention strategies for intercepting the progression of PMLs to lung cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biopsy
- Bronchi/diagnostic imaging
- Bronchi/immunology
- Bronchi/pathology
- Bronchoscopy
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/immunology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/prevention & control
- Cohort Studies
- Datasets as Topic
- Disease Progression
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Gene Regulatory Networks/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mass Screening/methods
- Middle Aged
- Precancerous Conditions/diagnostic imaging
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Respiratory Mucosa/cytology
- Respiratory Mucosa/diagnostic imaging
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grant Duclos
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sherry Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hanqiao Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica Vick
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Dubinett
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Mary E Reid
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Marc E Lenburg
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Avrum E Spira
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Johnson and Johnson Innovation, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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47
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Patil S, Patel K, Advani J, Subbannayya T, Rajagopalan P, Babu N, Solanki H, Bhandi S, Sidransky D, Chatterjee A, Gowda H, Ferrari M. Multiomic analysis of oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to shisha. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:284-289. [PMID: 30659648 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is smoked in different form including cigarettes and water pipes. One popular form of water pipe smoking especially in Middle Eastern countries is shisha smoking. Shisha has been associated with various diseases including oral cancer. However, genomic alterations and gene expression changes associated with chronic shisha exposure have not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVES Whole-exome sequencing and gene expression profiling of immortalized human oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT1) cells chronically treated with 0.5% shisha extract for a period of 8 months was undertaken to characterize molecular alterations associated with shisha exposure. METHODS Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted and preprocessed as per manufacturer's instruction and subjected to whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing using Illumina HiSeq2500 platform. Exome was analyzed using GATK pipeline whereas RNA-Seq data was analyzed using HiSat2 and HTSeq along with DESeq to elucidate differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Whole-exome sequence analysis led to identification of 521 somatic missense variants corresponding to 389 genes RNA-Seq data revealed 247 differentially expressed genes (≥2-fold, P-value<0.01) in shisha treated cells compared to parental cells. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that interferon-signaling pathway was significantly affected. We predict activation of MAPK1 pathway which is known to play a key role in oral cancer. We also observed allele specific expression of mutant LIMA1 based on RNA-Seq dataset. CONCLUSION Our findings provide insights into genomic alterations and gene expression pattern associated with oral keratinocytes chronically exposed to shisha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitendra Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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48
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Reed E, Moses E, Xiao X, Liu G, Campbell J, Perdomo C, Monti S. Assessment of a Highly Multiplexed RNA Sequencing Platform and Comparison to Existing High-Throughput Gene Expression Profiling Techniques. Front Genet 2019; 10:150. [PMID: 30891063 PMCID: PMC6411637 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to reduce per sample cost of RNA-seq profiling for scalable data generation has led to the emergence of highly multiplexed RNA-seq. These technologies utilize barcoding of cDNA sequences in order to combine multiple samples into a single sequencing lane to be separated during data processing. In this study, we report the performance of one such technique denoted as sparse full length sequencing (SFL), a ribosomal RNA depletion-based RNA sequencing approach that allows for the simultaneous sequencing of 96 samples and higher. We offer comparisons to well established single-sample techniques, including: full coverage Poly-A capture RNA-seq, microarrays, as well as another low-cost highly multiplexed technique known as 3' digital gene expression (3'DGE). Data was generated for a set of exposure experiments on immortalized human lung epithelial (AALE) cells in a two-by-two study design, in which samples received both genetic and chemical perturbations of known oncogenes/tumor suppressors and lung carcinogens. SFL demonstrated improved performance over 3'DGE in terms of coverage, power to detect differential gene expression, and biological recapitulation of patterns of differential gene expression from in vivo lung cancer mutation signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Reed
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Moses
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaohui Xiao
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Campbell
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Catalina Perdomo
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefano Monti
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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49
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Liu J, Zhao W, Ammous F, Turner ST, Mosley TH, Zhou X, Smith JA. Longitudinal analysis of epigenome-wide DNA methylation reveals novel smoking-related loci in African Americans. Epigenetics 2019; 14:171-184. [PMID: 30764717 PMCID: PMC6557606 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1581589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in DNA methylation may be a potential mechanism that mediates the effects of smoking on physiological function and subsequent disease risk. Given the dynamic nature of the epigenome, longitudinal studies are indispensable for investigating smoking-induced methylation changes over time. Using blood samples collected approximately five years apart in 380 African Americans (mean age 60.7 years) from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study, we measured DNA methylation levels using Illumina HumanMethylation BeadChips. We evaluated the association between Phase 1 smoking status and rate of methylation change, using generalized estimating equation models. Among the 6958 CpG sites examined, smoking status was associated with methylation change for 22 CpGs (false discovery rate q < 0.1), with the majority (91%) becoming less methylated over time. Methylation change was greater in ever smokers than never smokers, and the absolute differences in rates of change ranged from 0.18 to 0.77 per decade in M value, equivalent to a β value change of 0.013 to 0.047 per decade. Significant enrichment was observed for CpG islands, enhancers, and DNAse hypersensitivity sites (p < 0.05). Although biological pathway analyses were not significant, most of the 22 CpGs were within genes known to be associated with cardiovascular disease, cancers, and aging. In conclusion, we identified epigenetic signatures for cigarette smoking that may have been missed in cross-sectional analyses, providing insight into the epigenetic effect of smoking and highlighting the importance of longitudinal analysis in understanding the dynamic human epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Farah Ammous
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen T. Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Huang X, Zhu Z, Guo X, Kong X. The roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:335-347. [PMID: 30578969 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction, with an abnormal lung function. The etiology of COPD correlates with complex interactions between environmental and genetic determinants. However, the exact pathogenesis of COPD is obscure although it involves multiple aspects including oxidative stress, imbalance between proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activity, immunity and inflammation, apoptosis, and repair and destruction in both airways and lungs. Many genes have been demonstrated to be involved in those pathogenic processes of this disease in patients exposed to harmful environmental factors. Previous reports have investigated promising microRNAs (miRNAs) to disclose the molecular mechanisms for COPD development induced by different environmental exposure and genetic predisposition encounter, and find some potential miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment targets of COPD. In this review, we summarized the expression profiles of the reported miRNAs from studies of COPD associated with environmental risk factors including cigarette smoking and air pollution exposures, and provided an overview of roles of those miRNAs in the pathogenesis of the disease. We also highlighted the potential utility and limitations of miRNAs serving as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Zongxin Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
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