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Liang H, Cui M, Tu J, Chen X. Advancements in osteosarcoma management: integrating immune microenvironment insights with immunotherapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1394339. [PMID: 38915446 PMCID: PMC11194413 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, a malignant bone tumor predominantly affecting children and adolescents, presents significant therapeutic challenges, particularly in metastatic or recurrent cases. Conventional surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches have achieved partial therapeutic efficacy; however, the prognosis for long-term survival remains bleak. Recent studies have highlighted the imperative for a comprehensive exploration of the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment, focusing on the integration of diverse immunotherapeutic strategies-including immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor microenvironment modulators, cytokine therapies, tumor antigen-specific interventions, cancer vaccines, cellular therapies, and antibody-based treatments-that are directly pertinent to modulating this intricate microenvironment. By targeting tumor cells, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and activating host immune responses, these innovative approaches have demonstrated substantial potential in enhancing the effectiveness of osteosarcoma treatments. Although most of these novel strategies are still in research or clinical trial phases, they have already demonstrated significant potential for individuals with osteosarcoma, suggesting the possibility of developing new, more personalized and effective treatment options. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in osteosarcoma immunotherapy, emphasizing the significance of integrating various immunotherapeutic methods to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, it underscores the imperative for subsequent research to further investigate the intricate interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system, aiming to devise more effective treatment strategies. The present review comprehensively addresses the landscape of osteosarcoma immunotherapy, delineating crucial scientific concerns and clinical challenges, thereby outlining potential research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyao Tu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Eghtedari AR, Vaezi MA, Safari E, Salimi V, Safizadeh B, Babaheidarian P, Abiri A, Mahdinia E, Alireza Mirzaei, Mokhles P, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. The expression changes of PD-L1 and immune response mediators are related to the severity of primary bone tumors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20474. [PMID: 37993664 PMCID: PMC10665336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression pattern, diagnostic value, and association of PD-L1, IFN-γ and TGF-β with bone tumor type, severity, and relapse are determined in this study. 300 human samples from patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and GCT were enrolled. The PD-L1 gene and protein expression were assessed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. ELISA and flow cytometry was used to detect cytokines and CD4/CD8 T cell percentages, respectively. A considerable increase in PD-L1 level was detected in bone tumor tissues at both gene and protein levels that was considerable in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. A positive correlation was detected regarding the PD-L1 and tumor metastasis and recurrence in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The increased IFN-γ level was detected in patients with metastatic, and recurrent osteosarcoma tumors that were in accordance with the level of TGF-β in these samples. The simultaneous elevation of IFN-γ and TGF-β was detected in Ewing sarcoma and GCT, also the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio was decreased significantly in patients with osteosarcoma compared to GCT tumors. The elevated levels of PD-L1, TGF- β, and IFN-γ were associated with bone tumor severity that can provide insights into the possible role of this axis in promoting immune system escape, suppression, and tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reza Eghtedari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Vaezi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Safizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Babaheidarian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Abiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mahdinia
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Mokhles
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
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Ji Z, Shen J, Lan Y, Yi Q, Liu H. Targeting signaling pathways in osteosarcoma: Mechanisms and clinical studies. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e308. [PMID: 37441462 PMCID: PMC10333890 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly prevalent bone malignancy among adolescents, accounting for 40% of all primary malignant bone tumors. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with limb-preserving surgery has effectively reduced patient disability and mortality, but pulmonary metastases and OS cells' resistance to chemotherapeutic agents are pressing challenges in the clinical management of OS. There has been an urgent need to identify new biomarkers for OS to develop specific targeted therapies. Recently, the continued advancements in genomic analysis have contributed to the identification of clinically significant molecular biomarkers for diagnosing OS, acting as therapeutic targets, and predicting prognosis. Additionally, the contemporary molecular classifications have revealed that the signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, Hippo, Notch, PD-1/PD-L1, MAPK, and NF-κB, have an integral role in OS onset, progression, metastasis, and treatment response. These molecular classifications and biological markers have created new avenues for more accurate OS diagnosis and relevant treatment. We herein present a review of the recent findings for the modulatory role of signaling pathways as possible biological markers and treatment targets for OS. This review also discusses current OS therapeutic approaches, including signaling pathway-based therapies developed over the past decade. Additionally, the review covers the signaling targets involved in the curative effects of traditional Chinese medicines in the context of expression regulation of relevant genes and proteins through the signaling pathways to inhibit OS cell growth. These findings are expected to provide directions for integrating genomic, molecular, and clinical profiles to enhance OS diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Ji
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsAffiliated Hospital of Putian UniversityPutianFujianChina
| | - Yujian Lan
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical ScienceSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuanChina
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Liao Z, Li M, Wen G, Wang K, Yao D, Chen E, Liang Y, Xing T, Su K, Liang C, Che Z, Ning Q, Tang J, Yan W, Li Y, Huang L. Comprehensive analysis of angiogenesis pattern and related immune landscape for individual treatment in osteosarcoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:62. [PMID: 37386055 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative recurrence and metastasis are the main reasons for the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma (OS). Currently, an ideal predictor for not only prognosis but also drug sensitivity and immunotherapy responses in OS patients is urgently needed. Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumour progression, which suggests its immense potential for predicting prognosis and responses to immunotherapy for OS. Angiogenesis patterns in OS were explored in depth in this study to construct a prognostic model called ANGscore and clarify the underlying mechanism involved in the immune microenvironment. The efficacy and robustness of the model were validated in multiple datasets, including bulk RNA-seq datasets (TARGET-OS, GSE21257), a single-cell RNA-seq dataset (GSE152048) and immunotherapy-related datasets (GSE91061, GSE173839). OS patients with a high ANGscore had a worse prognosis, accompanied by the immune desert phenotype. Pseudotime and cellular communication analyses in scRNA-seq data revealed that as the ANGscore increased, the malignant degree of cells increased, and IFN-γ signalling was involved in tumour progression and regulation of the tumour immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the ANGscore was associated with immune cell infiltration and the response rate to immunotherapy. OS patients with high ANGscore might be resistant to uprosertib, and be sensitive to VE821, AZD6738 and BMS.345541. In conclusion, we established a novel ANGscore system by comprehensively analysing the expression pattern of angiogenesis genes, which can accurately differentiate the prognosis and immune characteristics of OS populations. Additionally, the ANGscore can be used for patient stratification during immunotherapy, and guide individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangyao Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoming Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dengbo Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Enming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihui Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchun Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Che
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Ning
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Kong X, Chen L, Su Z, Sullivan RJ, Blum SM, Qi Z, Liu Y, Huo Y, Fang Y, Zhang L, Gao J, Wang J. Toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic study. Int J Surg 2023; 109:1753-1768. [PMID: 37132038 PMCID: PMC10389211 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence shows that the incidence of toxicities associated with cancer immunotherapy, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-related toxicities, is estimated to be between 0.3 and 1.3%. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to investigate cancer patients' susceptibility to toxicities associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and establish a clinically relevant landscape of side effects of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. DATA SOURCES Relevant publications from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) between 2014 and 2019. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, PARTICIPANTS, AND INTERVENTIONS We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting treatment-related toxicities associated with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. The primary endpoint was to assess the difference in the incidences of toxicities between cancer patients who did and did not receive PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. A total of 29 RCTs, incorporating 8576 patients, met the eligibility criteria. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS We calculated the pooled relative risks and corresponding 95% CIs using a random-effects model and assessed the heterogeneity between different groups. The subgroup analyses were conducted based on cancer type, toxicity grade (severity), system and organ, treatment regimens in the intervention arm and the control arm, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor drug type, and cancer type. RESULTS A total of 11 categories (e.g. endocrine toxicity), and 39 toxicity types (e.g. hyperthyroidism) were identified. For toxicities at any grade, those treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were at lower risks for gastrointestinal toxicity, hematologic toxicity, and treatment event leading to discontinuation; and were at higher risks for respiratory toxicity (all P <0.05). Those treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were at lower risks for fatigue, asthenia, and peripheral edema and were at higher risks for pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, pneumonitis, and pruritus. LIMITATIONS The present research is a meta-analysis at the study level rather than at the patient level; insights on risk factors associated with the development of toxicities cannot be found in our study. There was a possible overlap in Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) definitions which prevents understanding the true rates of specific toxicities. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS For most toxicity types based on system and organ, the incidence proportions for patients in the intervention arm were lower than those in the control arm, which suggested the general safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors against conventional chemotherapy and cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Future research should focus on taking effective targeted measures to decrease the risks of different toxicities for different patient populations. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER We registered the research protocol with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019135113).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaohui Su
- Center on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio,Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Center for Melanoma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Blum
- Department of Medicine-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School,Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, China
| | - Yulu Liu
- Fintech Lab, Department of Computer Science, Chow Yei Ching Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yujia Huo
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Li N, Li H, Chen M, Jiang W, Guo W. Thiram, an inhibitor of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, enhances the inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone in the treatment of osteosarcoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:20. [PMID: 36978114 PMCID: PMC10045229 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00655-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The anti-osteosarcoma effects of hydrocortisone and thiram, an inhibitor of type 2 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11HSD2), have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrocortisone alone or the combination of hydrocortisone with thiram on osteosarcoma and the molecular mechanism, and determine whether they can be as new therapeutic agents for osteosarcoma. Methods Normal bone cells and osteosarcoma cells were treated with hydrocortisone or thiram alone or in combination. The cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by using CCK8 assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. An osteosarcoma mouse model was established. The effect of drugs on osteosarcoma in vivo was assessed by measuring tumor volume. Transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, RT–qPCR, Western blotting (WB), enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and siRNA transfection were performed to determine the molecular mechanisms. Results Hydrocortisone inhibited the proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Hydrocortisone also reduced the volume of osteosarcoma in mice in vivo. Mechanistically, hydrocortisone decreased the levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-associated proteins, and induced the expression of glucocorticoid receptor α (GCR), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-beta) and 11HSD2, resulting in a hydrocortisone resistance loop. Thiram inhibited the activity of the 11HSD2 enzyme, the combination of thiram and hydrocortisone further enhanced the inhibition of osteosarcoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Hydrocortisone inhibits osteosarcoma through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Thiram inhibits 11HSD2 enzyme activity, reducing hydrocortisone inactivation and promoting the effect of hydrocortisone through the same pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40360-023-00655-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Translational Innovation Center/Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Univicity, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanjing Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Division of of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Maojia Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Animal Experiment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Clinical Translational Innovation Center/Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan Univicity, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Si Z, Shen Z, Luan F, Yan J. PINK1 regulates apoptosis of osteosarcoma as the target gene of cisplatin. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:132. [PMID: 36823640 PMCID: PMC9948348 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a common primary bone malignancy prevalent among adolescents and young adults. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) regulates Parkinson's disease, but its role in cancers is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to analyze the mechanism by which PINK1 affects osteosarcoma using bioinformatics and cell experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gene expression profiles were downloaded from the TARGET database. Several online databases were used to analyze the expression and protein‒protein interaction networks. CCK-8 cell viability assays and cisplatin treatment were used to assess cell activity with or without cisplatin treatment. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence staining was used to calculate the percentage of apoptotic cells. RESULTS Through bioinformatics analysis, we found that high expression of PINK1 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma, and PINK1 inhibited apoptosis and promoted proliferation pathways. Next, we found that both PINK1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues. Additionally, we found that PTEN was reduced, while FOXO3a was markedly increased in osteosarcoma, suggesting that FOXO3a and not PTEN induced the overexpression of PINK1. CCK-8 and clonogenic assays showed that the knockdown of PINK1 decreased the growth of U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Ki67 immunofluorescence staining revealed that reduced cell proliferation in U2OS cells resulted in the depletion of PINK1. In addition, our AO/EB staining results indicated that the knockdown of PINK1 resulted in an increase in apoptotic cells and increased the levels of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, our experiments revealed that cisplatin promotes OS cell apoptosis by downregulating PINK1. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings demonstrate that PINK1 is crucially involved in osteosarcoma and suggests that it can promote the apoptosis of OS cells as the downstream target gene of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Si
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zilong Shen
- grid.412463.60000 0004 1762 6325Department of Orthopedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang China
| | - Feiyu Luan
- grid.412596.d0000 0004 1797 9737Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Andini KD, Nielsen M, Suerink M, Helderman NC, Koornstra JJ, Ahadova A, Kloor M, Mourits MJ, Kok K, Sijmons RH, Bajwa–ten Broeke SW. PMS2-associated Lynch syndrome: Past, present and future. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1127329. [PMID: 36895471 PMCID: PMC9989154 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1127329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Carriers of any pathogenic variant in one of the MMR genes (path_MMR carriers) were traditionally thought to be at comparable risk of developing a range of different malignancies, foremost colorectal cancer (CRC) and endometrial cancer. However, it is now widely accepted that their cancer risk and cancer spectrum range notably depending on which MMR gene is affected. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the MMR gene affected also influences the molecular pathogenesis of Lynch syndrome CRC. Although substantial progress has been made over the past decade in understanding these differences, many questions remain unanswered, especially pertaining to path_PMS2 carriers. Recent findings show that, while the cancer risk is relatively low, PMS2-deficient CRCs tend to show more aggressive behaviour and have a worse prognosis than other MMR-deficient CRCs. This, together with lower intratumoral immune infiltration, suggests that PMS2-deficient CRCs might have more in common biologically with sporadic MMR-proficient CRCs than with other MMR-deficient CRCs. These findings could have important consequences for surveillance, chemoprevention and therapeutic strategies (e.g. vaccines). In this review we discuss the current knowledge, current (clinical) challenges and knowledge gaps that should be targeted by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina D. Andini
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maartje Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manon Suerink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Noah C. Helderman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Jacob Koornstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumour Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumour Biology, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marian J.E. Mourits
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Kok
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rolf H. Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sanne W. Bajwa–ten Broeke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Steenbrugge J, Bellemans J, Vander Elst N, Demeyere K, De Vliegher J, Perera T, De Wever O, Van Den Broeck W, De Spiegelaere W, Sanders NN, Meyer E. One cisplatin dose provides durable stimulation of anti-tumor immunity and alleviates anti-PD-1 resistance in an intraductal model for triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2103277. [PMID: 35898705 PMCID: PMC9311321 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is classically treated with chemotherapy. Besides direct tumor cell killing, some chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin provide additional disease reduction through stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. The cisplatin-induced immunomodulation in TNBC was here investigated in-depth using immunocompetent intraductal mouse models. Upon primary tumor transition to invasive carcinoma, cisplatin was injected systemically and significantly reduced tumor progression. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping was corroborated by immunohistochemical analyses and revealed both differential immune cell compositions and positivity for their programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand (L)1 markers across body compartments, including the primary tumor, axillary lymph nodes and spleen. As key findings, a significant decrease in immunosuppressive and a concomitant increase in anti-tumor lymphocytic cell numbers were observed in the axillary lymph nodes and spleen, highlighting their importance in cisplatin-stimulated anti-tumor immunity. These immunomodulatory effects were already established following the first cisplatin dose, indicating that early cisplatin-mediated events may determine (immuno)therapeutic outcome. Furthermore, a single cisplatin dose sufficed to alleviate anti-PD-1 resistance in a 4T1-based model, providing add-on disease reduction without toxic side effects as seen upon multiple cisplatin dosing. Overall, these results highlight cisplatin as immunotherapeutic ally in TNBC, providing durable immunostimulation, even after a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bellemans
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niels Vander Elst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Josephine De Vliegher
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek N. Sanders
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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10
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Wu W, Guo H, Jing D, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Pu F, Yang W, Jin X, Huang X, Shao Z. Targeted Delivery of PD-L1-Derived Phosphorylation-Mimicking Peptides by Engineered Biomimetic Nanovesicles to Enhance Osteosarcoma Treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200955. [PMID: 36123781 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone-originating tumor that usually occurs in young people. Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein, is highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues. Several recent studies have indicated that the tumor-related role of PD-L1 in tumors, especially non-plasma membrane (NPM)-localized PD-L1, is not limited to immune regulation in osteosarcoma. Here, mass spectrometry analysis is combined with RNA-seq examination to identify the intracellular binding partners of PD-L1 and elucidate the underlying mechanism of its action. It is found that the NPM-localized PD-L1 interacted with Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) to promote osteosarcoma tumor growth by activating mTOR signaling. This interaction is enforced after phosphoglyceratekinase1 (PGK1)-mediated PD-L1 phosphorylation. Based on these findings, a phosphorylation-mimicking peptide is designed from PD-L1 and it is encapsulated with a Cyclic RGD (cRGD)-modified red blood cell membrane (RBCM) vesicle (Peptide@cRGD-M). The Peptide@cRGD-M precisely delivers the PD-L1-derived phosphorylation-mimicking peptide into osteosarcoma lesions and significantly promotes its therapeutic effect on the tumor. Therefore, this investigation not only highlights the function of NPM-localized PD-L1, but also uses an engineering approach to synthesize a small molecular peptide capable of inhibiting osteosarcoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Doudou Jing
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feifei Pu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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11
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Sung JY, Kim JH, Kang HG, Park JW, Park SY, Park BK, Kim YN. ICSBP-induced PD-L1 enhances osteosarcoma cell growth. Front Oncol 2022; 12:918216. [PMID: 36249036 PMCID: PMC9555079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.918216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundInterferon (IFN) consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP) is a transcription factor induced by IFN-γ. We previously reported that ICSBP expression promotes osteosarcoma progression by enhancing transforming growth factor-β signaling. In cancer cells, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) contributes to immune escape and may also be involved in tumor progression. Because IFN-γ induces the expression of both ICSBP and PD-L1, we explored the association between ICSBP and PD-L1 expression in terms of osteosarcoma progression.MethodsThree osteosarcoma cell lines (Saos2, U2OS, and 143B) were employed. Gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR, and protein levels were assessed by immunoblotting. PD-L1 expression was evaluated in cells overexpressing ICSBP and in ICSBP knockdown cells. The effects of PD-L1 expression on cell growth were examined by MTS assays, Incucyte analysis, soft agar assays, and three-dimensional (3D) culture. Cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by FACS analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V/PI, respectively. The antitumor effects of PD-L1 knockdown without or with doxorubicin treatment were evaluated in vivo in nude mice bearing ICSBP-overexpressing 143B cell xenograft. The clinical relevance of PD-L1 and ICSBP expression was evaluated immunohistochemically using a human osteosarcoma microarray and through analysis of publicly available data using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis2.ResultsICSBP overexpression upregulated PD-L1 expression in all three cell lines, whereas ICSBP knockdown decreased the PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 knockdown attenuated the cell growth and reduced colony-forming capacity in both soft agar assays and 3D culture. PD-L1 knockdown increased apoptosis and induced G2/M arrest, which was associated with decreased expression of survivin, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), cyclin E, and cyclin D1 expression and increased the expression of p27, phosphorylated Cdc2, and phosphorylated Wee1. PD-L1 knockdown decreased the growth of tumor xenografts and increased the doxorubicin sensitivity of ICSBP-overexpressing 143B cells both in vitro and in vivo. PD-L1 was expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues, and its expression was moderately correlated with that of ICSBP in osteosarcoma patients.ConclusionICSBP regulates PD-L1 expression in osteosarcoma cells, and PD-L1 knockdown combined with doxorubicin treatment could represent a strategy for controlling osteosarcoma expressing ICSBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Sung
- Metastasis Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - June Hyuk Kim
- Orthopedic Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Guy Kang
- Orthopedic Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Orthopedic Oncology Clinic, Center for Rare Cancers, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seog-Yun Park
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Kiu Park
- Center for Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Nyun Kim, ; Byung-Kiu Park,
| | - Yong-Nyun Kim
- Metastasis Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong-Nyun Kim, ; Byung-Kiu Park,
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12
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PD-1 Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091839. [PMID: 36139912 PMCID: PMC9495887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is an important characteristic of cachexia, which can be induced by chemotherapy and significantly contributes to functional muscle impairment. Inflammation and oxidative stress are believed to play important roles in the muscle atrophy observed in cachexia, but whether programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is affected by this condition remains unclear. PD-1 is a membrane protein that is expressed on the surface of many immune cells and plays an important role in adaptive immune responses and autoimmunity. Thus, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of PD-1 in cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy in mice. We found that PD-1 knockout dramatically contributed to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, we found that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases were significantly increased in PD-1 knockout mice after cisplatin treatment. In addition, we found that PD-1 knockout significantly exacerbated cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, we found that there were significant increases in ferroptosis-related and autophagy-related genes in PD-1 knockout mice after cisplatin treatment. These data indicate that PD-1 plays an important role in cisplatin-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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13
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Pan R, Pan F, Zeng Z, Lei S, Yang Y, Yang Y, Hu C, Chen H, Tian X. A novel immune cell signature for predicting osteosarcoma prognosis and guiding therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1017120. [PMID: 36189307 PMCID: PMC9515362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1017120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment contributes to the progression of osteosarcoma (OS). In the present study, we explored genes related to immune cell infiltration and constructed a risk model to predict the prognosis of and guide therapeutic strategies for OS. The gene expression profile of OS was obtained from TARGET and Gene Expression Omnibus, which were set as the discovery and verification cohorts. CIBERSORT and Kaplan survival analyses were used to analyze the effects of immune cells on the overall survival rates of OS in the discovery cohort. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were used to analyze genes associated with immune cell infiltration. Cox regression analysis was used to select key genes to construct a risk model that classified OS tissues into high- and low-risk groups. The prognostic value of the risk model for survival and metastasis was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, receiver operating characteristic curves, and immunohistochemical experiments. Immunological characteristics and response effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in OS tissues were analyzed using the ESTIMATE and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion algorithms, while sensitivity for both targeted and chemotherapy drugs was analyzed using the OncoPredict algorithm. It was demonstrated that the high infiltration of resting dendritic cells in OS tissues was associated with poor prognosis. A total of 225 DEGs were found between the high- and low-infiltration groups of OS tissues, while 94 genes interacted with others. Through COX analyses, among these 94 genes, four genes (including AOC3, CDK6, COL22A1, and RNASE6) were used to construct a risk model. This risk model showed a remarkable prognostic value for survival rates and metastasis in both the discovery and verification cohorts. Even though a high microsatellite instability score was observed in the high-risk group, the ICB response in the high-risk group was poor. Furthermore, using OncoPredict, we found that the high-risk group OS tissues were resistant to seven drugs and sensitive to 25 drugs. Therefore, our study indicates that the resting dendritic cell signature constructed by AOC3, CDK6, COL22A1, and RNASE6 may contribute to predicting osteosarcoma prognosis and thus therapy guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsang Pan
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Guizhou Orthopedics Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhirui Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shan Lei
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Transformation Engineering Research Center of Chronic Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yushi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chujiao Hu, ; Houping Chen, ; Xiaobin Tian,
| | - Houping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chujiao Hu, ; Houping Chen, ; Xiaobin Tian,
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chujiao Hu, ; Houping Chen, ; Xiaobin Tian,
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14
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Wen Y, Tang F, Tu C, Hornicek F, Duan Z, Min L. Immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma: Recent advances and therapeutic potential. Cancer Lett 2022; 547:215887. [PMID: 35995141 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor and is associated with a high risk of recurrence and distant metastasis. Effective treatment for osteosarcoma, especially advanced osteosarcoma, has stagnated over the past four decades. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has transformed the treatment paradigm for multiple malignant tumor types and indicated a potential therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In this review, we discuss recent advances in immune checkpoints, including programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), and their related ICIs for osteosarcoma treatment. We present the main existing mechanisms of resistance to ICIs therapy in osteosarcoma. Moreover, we summarize the current strategies for improving the efficacy of ICIs in osteosarcoma and address the potential predictive biomarkers of ICIs treatment in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Tang
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqi Tu
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Francis Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Li Min
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxue Xiang No. 37, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Ali R, Aouida M, Alhaj Sulaiman A, Madhusudan S, Ramotar D. Can Cisplatin Therapy Be Improved? Pathways That Can Be Targeted. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137241. [PMID: 35806243 PMCID: PMC9266583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)) is the oldest known chemotherapeutic agent. Since the identification of its anti-tumour activity, it earned a remarkable place as a treatment of choice for several cancer types. It remains effective against testicular, bladder, lung, head and neck, ovarian, and other cancers. Cisplatin treatment triggers different cellular responses. However, it exerts its cytotoxic effects by generating inter-strand and intra-strand crosslinks in DNA. Tumour cells often develop tolerance mechanisms by effectively repairing cisplatin-induced DNA lesions or tolerate the damage by adopting translesion DNA synthesis. Cisplatin-associated nephrotoxicity is also a huge challenge for effective therapy. Several preclinical and clinical studies attempted to understand the major limitations associated with cisplatin therapy, and so far, there is no definitive solution. As such, a more comprehensive molecular and genetic profiling of patients is needed to identify those individuals that can benefit from platinum therapy. Additionally, the treatment regimen can be improved by combining cisplatin with certain molecular targeted therapies to achieve a balance between tumour toxicity and tolerance mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the importance of various biological processes that contribute to the resistance of cisplatin and its derivatives. We aim to highlight the processes that can be modulated to suppress cisplatin resistance and provide an insight into the role of uptake transporters in enhancing drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (M.A.); (A.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (D.R.)
| | - Mustapha Aouida
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (M.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Abdallah Alhaj Sulaiman
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (M.A.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK;
| | - Dindial Ramotar
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar; (M.A.); (A.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (D.R.)
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16
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Preclinical Therapeutic Assessment of a New Chemotherapeutics [Dichloro(4,4’-Bis(2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoropropoxy) Methyl)-2,2’-Bipryridine) Platinum] in an Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040839. [PMID: 35456673 PMCID: PMC9031226 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most common therapeutics used in treatments of several types of cancers. To enhance cisplatin lipophilicity and reduce resistance and side effects, a polyfluorinated bipyridine-modified cisplatin analogue, dichloro[4,4’-bis(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)methyl)-2,2’-bipryridine] platinum (TFBPC), was synthesized and therapeutic assessments were performed. TFBPC displayed superior effects in inhibiting the proliferation of several cisplatin-resistant human cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 breast cancers, COLO205 colon cancers and SK-OV-3 ovarian cancers. TFBPC bound to DNA and formed DNA crosslinks that resulted in DNA degradation, triggering the cell death program through the PARP/Bax/Bcl-2 apoptosis and LC3-related autophagy pathway. Moreover, TFBPC significantly inhibited tumor growth in both animal models which include a cell line-derived xenograft model (CDX) of cisplatin-resistant MDA-MB-231, and a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Furthermore, the biopsy specimen from TFBPC-treated xenografts revealed decreased expressions of P53, Ki-67 and PD-L1 coupled with higher expression of cleaved caspase 3, suggesting TFBPC treatment was effective and resulted in good prognostic indications. No significant pathological changes were observed in hematological and biochemistry tests in blood and histological examinations from the specimen of major organs. Therefore, TFBPC is a potential candidate for treatments of patients suffering from TNBCs as well as other cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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17
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Zhang L, Xue L, Wu Y, Wu Q, Ren H, Song X. Exosomes loaded with programmed death ligand-1 promote tumor growth by immunosuppression in osteosarcoma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9520-9530. [PMID: 34699324 PMCID: PMC8810114 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor commonly observed in adolescents, who experience relapse and metastasis (30% of the total cases). Its progression is attributed to immune escape mediated by immune checkpoints. However, the intercellular connection between tumor cells and T cells remain unclear. This study was conducted to explore the effects of PD-L1-loaded exosomes on the tumor growth of OS. The exosomes were extracted from cells and tissues through ultracentrifugation. IFN-γ production was determined to evaluate the activity of Jurkat cells. The in vivo growth of OS cells was examined using a C3H xenograft model in mice, tumor volumes were monitored, and the proportion of CD3 + T cells in tumor tissues was detected. Results revealed that PD-L1 was significantly upregulated in the OS cell lines. MG63 and Saos-2 cells were the most abundant in PD-L1, so they were selected as investigation targets. PD-L1 was found to be also highly expressed in the exosomes isolated from MG63 and Saos-2 cells. The exosomes elicited significant inhibitory effects on IFN-γ secretion in Jurkat cells, which were abolished by the PD-L1 antibody or siRNAs. The in vivo growth of C3H cells was significantly facilitated by the overexpression of mPD-L1 or by the administration of mPD-L1-overloaded exosomes. The infiltration of CD3 + T cells was also decreased. The exosomes extracted from clinical PD-L1-positive OS tissues showed a promising inhibitory property against activated T cells. Therefore, PD-L1-loaded exosomes extracted from OS cells aggravated OS progression by suppressing T cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Lili Xue
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Yanjuan Wu
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Hongwei Ren
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
| | - Xiang Song
- Oncology Department, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China
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18
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Liang T, Chen J, Xu G, Zhang Z, Xue J, Zeng H, Jiang J, Chen T, Qin Z, Li H, Ye Z, Nie Y, Liu C, Zhan X. TYROBP, TLR4 and ITGAM regulated macrophages polarization and immune checkpoints expression in osteosarcoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19315. [PMID: 34588497 PMCID: PMC8481262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a relationship among the immune-related genes, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), and immune checkpoints in patients with osteosarcoma. The gene expression data for osteosarcoma were downloaded from UCSC Xena and GEO database. Immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected to calculate the risk score. “Estimate” was used for immune infiltrating estimation and “xCell” was used to obtain 64 immune cell subtypes. Furthermore, the relationship among the risk scores, immune cell subtypes, and immune checkpoints was evaluated. The three immune-related genes (TYROBP, TLR4, and ITGAM) were selected to establish a risk scoring system based on their integrated prognostic relevance. The GSEA results for the Hallmark and KEGG pathways revealed that the low-risk score group exhibited the most gene sets that were related to immune-related pathways. The risk score significantly correlated with the xCell score of macrophages, M1 macrophages, and M2 macrophages, which significantly affected the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Thus, patients with low-risk scores showed better results with the immune checkpoints inhibitor therapy. A three immune-related, gene-based risk model can regulate macrophage activation and predict the treatment outcomes the survival rate in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Liang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - GuoYong Xu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Zeng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Nie
- Guangxi Medical University, No.22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Xu HZ, Li TF, Wang C, Ma Y, Liu Y, Zheng MY, Liu ZJY, Chen JB, Li K, Sun SK, Komatsu N, Xu YH, Zhao L, Chen X. Synergy of nanodiamond-doxorubicin conjugates and PD-L1 blockade effectively turns tumor-associated macrophages against tumor cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:268. [PMID: 34488792 PMCID: PMC8422639 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Turning the TAMs against their host tumor cells is an intriguing therapeutic strategy particularly attractive for patients with immunologically “cold” tumors. This concept was mechanistically demonstrated on in vitro human and murine lung cancer cells and their corresponding TAM models through combinatorial use of nanodiamond-doxorubicin conjugates (Nano-DOX) and a PD-L1 blocking agent BMS-1. Nano-DOX are an agent previously proved to be able to stimulate tumor cells’ immunogenicity and thereby reactivate the TAMs into the anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Results Nano-DOX were first shown to stimulate the tumor cells and the TAMs to release the cytokine HMGB1 which, regardless of its source, acted through the RAGE/NF-κB pathway to induce PD-L1 in the tumor cells and PD-L1/PD-1 in the TAMs. Interestingly, Nano-DOX also induced NF-κB-dependent RAGE expression in the tumor cells and thus reinforced HMGB1’s action thereon. Then, BMS-1 was shown to enhance Nano-DOX-stimulated M1-type activation of TAMs both by blocking Nano-DOX-induced PD-L1 in the TAMs and by blocking tumor cell PD-L1 ligation with TAM PD-1. The TAMs with enhanced M1-type repolarization both killed the tumor cells and suppressed their growth. BMS-1 could also potentiate Nano-DOX’s action to suppress tumor cell growth via blocking of Nano-DOX-induced PD-L1 therein. Finally, Nano-DOX and BMS-1 achieved synergistic therapeutic efficacy against in vivo tumor grafts in a TAM-dependent manner. Conclusions PD-L1/PD-1 upregulation mediated by autocrine and paracrine activation of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling is a key response of lung cancer cells and their TAMs to stress, which can be induced by Nano-DOX. Blockade of Nano-DOX-induced PD-L1, both in the cancer cells and the TAMs, achieves enhanced activation of TAM-mediated anti-tumor response. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01017-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin road No. 30, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mei-Yan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhang-Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin-Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Li
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shi-Kuan Sun
- School of Material Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yong-Hong Xu
- Institute of Ophthalmological Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Avenue No.185, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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20
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Identification of two immune subtypes in osteosarcoma based on immune gene sets. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107799. [PMID: 34162161 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, which mainly occurs in teenagers. Recent studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating immune cells play an important role in the progression of OS. In the present study, we identified two immune subtypes of OS (referred to as high and low immune cell infiltration subtypes, respectively) based on immune-related gene sets using TARGET and GEO cohort datasets. Elevated immune scores, increased stromal scores, decreased tumor purities, and higher infiltration of CD8 + T cells and M1 macrophages were observed for the high immune cell infiltration subtype. Moreover, the high immune cell infiltration subtype was characterized by high expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that "B cell receptor signaling pathway" and "T cell receptor signaling pathway" gene sets were enriched in the high immune cell infiltration subtype. In addition, patients in the high immune cell infiltration subtype had better prognosis than patients in the low immune cell infiltration subtype. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes were screened according to the two OS subtypes and a risk model was generated by multivariate Cox regression analysis to predict the prognosis of OS patients. These results in this study showed that OS patients could be divided into two immune subtypes and offered a novel two-gene risk signature to predict the prognosis of patients with OS.
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21
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Fan MK, Qi LL, Zhang Q, Wang L. The Updated Status and Future Direction of Immunotherapy Targeting B7-H1/PD-1 in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:757-764. [PMID: 33536783 PMCID: PMC7850464 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s285560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mortality rate of osteosarcoma (OS) patients has improved, there are still many unsolved problems concerning how to reduce recurrence and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, immune escape plays a more important role in tumor progression and development. Many costimulatory molecules of the B7 family have been reported to be involved in regulating immunological interactions between OS cells and immune cells. Among these molecules, B7-H1 and its receptor, programmed death-1 (PD-1), have been the focus of the fields of tumor immunology and have been recently applied in clinical trials of therapies for several solid tumors. These therapies, referred to as B7-H1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade therapies, are designed to block the interaction between the two molecules. Although the mechanism has been reported in some malignancies, the specific impact of B7-H1/PD-1 expression on OS has not been well defined. Here, we review the expression, function, and regulatory mechanism of the B7-H1/PD-1 axis in OS and introduce and compare the advantages and disadvantages of B7-H1/PD-1 immunotherapies in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-ke Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-li Qi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Orthopedic Research Center, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Mills LJ, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Williams LA. Sex differences in expression of immune elements emerge in children, young adults and mice with osteosarcoma. Biol Sex Differ 2021; 12:5. [PMID: 33407928 PMCID: PMC7789366 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males < 40 years old are more likely to be diagnosed with and die from osteosarcoma (OS). The underlying mechanisms may depend on sex differences in immune response. METHODS We used SEER data to estimate survival differences between males and females aged < 40 years at OS diagnosis. In NCI TARGET-OS cases, we determined sex differences in gene expression, conducted Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and applied the LM22 signature to identify biologic sex differences. We compared sex differences in gene expression profiles in TARGET-OS to those observed in Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis accelerated Trp53R270H-mutant mouse-OS and healthy adult osteoblasts. RESULTS Males had worse 17-year overall survival than females (SEER p < 0.0001). From 87 TARGET-OS cases, we observed 1018 genes and 69 pathways that differed significantly by sex (adjusted p < 0.05). Pathway and gene lists overlapped with those from mice (p = 0.03) and healthy osteoblasts (p = 0.017), respectively. Pathways that differed significantly by sex were largely immune-based and included the PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy pathway. We observed sex differences in M2 macrophages (LM22; p = 0.056) and M1-M2 macrophage transition (GSEA; p = 0.037) in TARGET-OS. LM22 trends were similar in mice. Twenty-four genes differentially expressed by sex in TARGET-OS had existing cancer therapies. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in OS gene expression were similar across species and centered on immune pathways. Identified sex-specific therapeutic targets may improve outcomes in young individuals with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lindsay A Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Pseudogene MSTO2P enhances hypoxia-induced osteosarcoma malignancy by upregulating PD-L1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:673-679. [PMID: 32768186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been shown to be related to osteosarcoma development and progression. Pseudogene MSTO2P was reported to be dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma and lung cancer. However, the mechanism by which MSTO2P-modulated osteosarcoma remains unclear. MSTO2P and PD-L1 expression levels were examined by RT-qPCR and westernblot. Tumor cell invasion was determined by tranwell assay. EMT process was probed by determining E-cadherin and Vimentin levels. Soft agar assay was used to examine anchorage-independent growth of osteosarcoma cells. In vivo tumor growth was measured by xenografting tumor experiment. Hypoxia treatment promoted cell growth, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells. MSTO2P knockdown led to attenuated cell growth, invasion and EMT of osteosarcoma cells under hypoxia condition. More interestingly, our data revealed that MSTO2P was positively associated with tumor growth in immunodeficient mice and human clinical tissues. PD-L1 was shown to act as a key effector for MSTO2P-regulated osteosarcoma progression under hypoxia condition. In conclusion, we unravel a novel mechanism for explaining MSTO2P-involved osteosarcoma progression under hypoxia condition, which will facilitate development of potential diagnostic and therapeutical strategies for osteosarcoma.
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