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Svensson K, Gennings C, Lindh C, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Wikström S, Bornehag CG. EDC mixtures during pregnancy and body fat at 7 years of age in a Swedish cohort, the SELMA study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118293. [PMID: 38281561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC), are "obesogens" and have been associated with overweight and obesity in children. Daily exposure to different classes of EDCs demands for research with mixtures approach. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the association, considering sex-specific effects, between prenatal exposure to EDC mixture and children's body fat at seven years of age. METHODS A total of 26 EDCs were assessed in prenatal urine and serum samples from first trimester in pregnancy from 737 mother-child pairs participating in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy (SELMA) study. An indicator for children's "overall body fat" was calculated, using principal component analysis (PCA), based on BMI, percent body fat, waist, and skinfolds measured at seven years of age. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to assess associations between EDC mixture and children's body fat. RESULTS Principal component (PC1) represented 83.6 % of the variance, suitable as indicator for children's "overall body fat", with positive loadings of 0.40-0.42 for each body fat measure. A significant interaction term, WQS*sex, confirmed associations in the opposite direction for boys and girls. Higher prenatal exposure to EDC mixture was borderline significant with more "overall body fat" for boys (Mean β = 0.20; 95 % CI: -0.13, 0.53) and less for girls (Mean β = -0.23; 95 % CI: -0.58, 0.13). Also, higher prenatal exposure to EDC mixture was borderline significant with more percent body fat (standardized score) for boys (Mean β = 0.09; 95 % CI: -0.04, 0.21) and less for girls (Mean β = -0.10 (-0.26, 0.05). The chemicals of concern included bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, PAH, and pesticides with different patterns for boys and girls. DISCUSSION Borderline significant associations were found between prenatal exposure to a mixture of EDCs and children's body fat. The associations in opposite directions suggests that prenatal exposure to EDCs may present sex-specific effects on children's body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sverre Wikström
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research, County Council of Värmland, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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de Paula LCP, Alves C. Food packaging and endocrine disruptors. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100 Suppl 1:S40-S47. [PMID: 37913820 PMCID: PMC10960186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Narrative review evaluating food contamination by endocrine disruptors present in food packaging. DATA SOURCE The terms "endocrine disruptors" and "food packaging" were used in combination in the PubMed, MEDLINE and SciELO databases, evaluating studies, in humans, published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish between 1990 and 2023. DATA SYNTHESIS Packaging, especially those made from plastic or recycled material, is an important source of food contamination by endocrine disruptors. Bisphenols and phthalates are the endocrine disruptors most frequently associated with food contamination from packaging. However, many unknown substances and even those legally authorized can cause harm to health when exposure is prolonged or when substances with additive effects are mixed. Furthermore, the discarding of packaging can cause contamination to continue into the environment. CONCLUSION Although packaging materials are essential for the transport and storage of food, many of them are associated with chemical contamination. As it is not possible to exclude them from our routine, it is important to develop research aimed at identifying the endocrine disruptors present in them, including the effects of chronic exposure; and that regulatory agencies and industry come together to reduce or prevent this risk. Additionally, consumers must be instructed on how to purchase products, handle them and prepare them to reduce the migration of chemical substances into food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cristina Pedroso de Paula
- Hospital de Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Residência de Endocrinologia e Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Crésio Alves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Serviço de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Kim CE, Binder AM, Corvalan C, Pereira A, Shepherd J, Calafat AM, Botelho JC, Hampton JM, Trentham-Dietz A, Michels KB. Time-specific impact of mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on breast density of a Chilean adolescent Cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108241. [PMID: 37857187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High mammographic density is among the strongest and most established predictors for breast cancer risk. Puberty, the period during which breasts undergo exponential mammary growth, is considered one of the critical stages of breast development for environmental exposures. Benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are pervasive endocrine disrupting chemicals that may increase hormone-sensitive cancers. Evaluating the potential impact of BBP and PFOA exposure on pubertal breast density is important to our understanding of early-life environmental influences on breast cancer etiology. OBJECTIVE To prospectively assess the effect of biomarker concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) and PFOA at specific pubertal window of susceptibility (WOS) on adolescent breast density. METHOD This study included 376 Chilean girls from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study with data collection at four timepoints: Tanner breast stages 1 (B1) and 4 (B4), 1- year post- menarche (1YPM) and 2-years post-menarche (2YPM). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess the absolute fibroglandular volume (FGV) and percent breast density (%FGV) at 2YPM. We used concentrations of PFOA in serum and MBzP in urine as an index of exposure to PFOA and BBP, respectively. Parametric G-formula was used to estimate the time-specific effects of MBzP and PFOA on breast density. The models included body fat percentage as a time-varying confounder and age, birthweight, age at menarche, and maternal education as fixed covariates. RESULTS A doubling of serum PFOA concentration at B4 resulted in a non-significant increase in absolute FGV (β:11.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.28, 23.49)), while a doubling of PFOA concentration at 1YPM resulted in a decrease in % FGV (β:-4.61, 95% CI: -7.45, -1.78). We observed no associations between urine MBzP and breast density measures. CONCLUSION In this cohort of Latina girls, PFOA serum concentrations corresponded to a decrease in % FGV. No effect was observed between MBzP and breast density measures across pubertal WOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Camila Corvalan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - John Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julianne C Botelho
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John M Hampton
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Department of Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, USA
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Agrawal H, Thakur K, Mitra S, Mitra D, Keswani C, Sircar D, Onteru S, Singh D, Singh SP, Tyagi RK, Roy P. Evaluation of (Anti)androgenic Activities of Environmental Xenobiotics in Milk Using a Human Liver Cell Line and Androgen Receptor-Based Promoter-Reporter Assay. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:41531-41547. [PMID: 36406583 PMCID: PMC9670299 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The recent reports on milk consumption and its associated risk with hormone related disorders necessitates the evaluation of dairy products for the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and ensure the safety of consumers. In view of this, we investigated the possible presence of (anti)androgenic contaminants in raw and commercialized milk samples. For this purpose, a novel HepARE-Luc cell line that stably expresses human androgen receptor (AR) and the androgen responsive luciferase reporter gene was generated and used in the present study. Treatment of this cell line with androgens and corresponding antiandrogen (flutamide) stimulated or inhibited expression of reporter luciferase, respectively. Real time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining results exhibited transcription response and translocation of AR from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in response to androgen. Observations implied that a cell-based xenobiotic screening assay via AR response can be conducted for assessing the (anti)androgenic ligands present in food chain including milk. Therefore, the cell line was further used to screen the (anti)androgenic activity of a total of 40 milk fat samples procured as raw or commercial milk. Some of the raw and commercial milk fat samples distinctly showed antiandrogenic activities. Subsequently, some commonly used environmental chemicals were also evaluated for their (anti)androgenic activities. Initial observations with molecular docking studies of experimental compounds were performed to assess their interaction with AR ligand binding domain. Furthermore, (anti)androgenic activities of these compounds were confirmed by performing luciferase assay using the HepARE-Luc cell line. None of the test compounds showed androgenic activities rather some of them like Bisphenol A (BPA) and rifamycin showed antiandrogenic activities. In conclusion, our results provide a valuable information about the assessment of (anti)androgenic activities present in milk samples. Overall, it is proposed that a robust cell-based CALUX assay can be used to assess the (anti)androgenic activities present in milk which can be attributed to different environmental chemicals present therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Agrawal
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Keshav Thakur
- Special
Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Shreyasi Mitra
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debarghya Mitra
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai - 400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Department
of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suneel Onteru
- Division
of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal - 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Division
of Animal Biochemistry, National Dairy Research
Institute, Karnal - 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Surya P. Singh
- Department
of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tyagi
- Special
Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal
Nehru University, New Delhi - 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department
of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Agri-Food By-Products in Cancer: New Targets and Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225517. [PMID: 36428610 PMCID: PMC9688227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The globalization and the changes in consumer lifestyles are forcing us to face a deep transformation in food demand and in the organization of the entire food production system. In this new era, the food-loss and food-waste security nexus is relevant in the global debate and avoiding unsustainable waste in agri-food systems as well as the supply chain is a big challenge. "Food waste" is useful for the recovery of its valuable components, thus it can assume the connotation of a "food by-product". Sustainable utilization of agri-food waste by-products provides a great opportunity. Increasing evidence shows that agri-food by-products are a source of different bioactive molecules that lower the inflammatory state and, hence, the aggressiveness of several proliferative diseases. This review aims to summarize the effects of agri-food by-products derivatives, already recognized as promising therapeutics in human diseases, including different cancer types, such as breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Here, we examine products modulating or interfering in the signaling mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor.
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New evidence for deleterious effects of environmental contaminants on the male gamete. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106886. [PMID: 34774338 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The decreasing trend in human and domestic animal fertility in recent decades has resulted in the question of whether reduced sperm quality is associated with changes in global climate and the environment. Proposed causes for reduced sperm quality include environmental contaminants, which enter into the body of animals through the food chain and are transported to the reproductive tract, where contaminating agents can have effects on fertilization capacities of gametes. In this review, there is a focus on various environmental contaminants and potential effects on male fertility. Human-derived contaminants, particularly endocrine-disrupting phthalates and the pesticide atrazine, are discussed. Naturally occurring toxins are also addressed, in particular mycotoxins such as aflatoxin which can be components in food consumed by humans and animals. Mechanisms by which environmental contaminants reduce male fertility are not clearly defined; however, are apparently multifactorial (i.e., direct and indirect effects) with there being diverse modes of action. Results from studies with humans, rodents and domestic animals indicate there are deleterious effects of contaminants on male gametes at various stages of spermatogenesis (i.e., in the testis) during passage through the epididymis, and in mature spermatozoa, after ejaculation and during capacitation. Considering there is never detection of a single contaminant, this review addresses synergistic or additive effects of combinations of contaminants. There is new evidence highlighted for the long-lasting effects of environmental contaminants on spermatozoa and developing embryos. Understanding the risk associated with environmental contaminants for animal reproduction may lead to new management strategies, thereby improving reproductive processes.
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Motallebi M, Bhia M, Rajani HF, Bhia I, Tabarraei H, Mohammadkhani N, Pereira-Silva M, Kasaii MS, Nouri-Majd S, Mueller AL, Veiga FJB, Paiva-Santos AC, Shakibaei M. Naringenin: A potential flavonoid phytochemical for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2022; 305:120752. [PMID: 35779626 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naringenin is an important phytochemical which belongs to the flavanone group of polyphenols, and is found mainly in citrus fruits like grapefruits and others such as tomatoes and cherries plus medicinal plants derived food. Available evidence demonstrates that naringenin, as herbal medicine, has important pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-cancer activities. Collected data from in vitro and in vivo studies show the inactivation of carcinogens after treatment with pure naringenin, naringenin-loaded nanoparticles, and also naringenin in combination with anti-cancer agents in various malignancies, such as colon cancer, lung neoplasms, breast cancer, leukemia and lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate tumors, oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, brain tumors, skin cancer, cervical and ovarian cancer, bladder neoplasms, gastric cancer, and osteosarcoma. Naringenin inhibits cancer progression through multiple mechanisms, like apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, angiogenesis hindrance, and modification of various signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, NF-ĸB, and TGF-β pathways. In this review, we demonstrate that naringenin is a natural product with potential for the treatment of different types of cancer, whether it is used alone, in combination with other agents, or in the form of the naringenin-loaded nanocarrier, after proper technological encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzad Motallebi
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 7616911319, Iran; Department of Biology, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1815163111, Iran
| | - Mohammed Bhia
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 7616911319, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran
| | - Huda Fatima Rajani
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E0T5, Canada
| | - Iman Bhia
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabarraei
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon SKS7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maryam Sadat Kasaii
- Department of Nutrition Research, Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center); and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Nouri-Majd
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco J B Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany.
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Singh RD, Koshta K, Tiwari R, Khan H, Sharma V, Srivastava V. Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Its Impact on Cardio-Metabolic-Renal Health. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:663372. [PMID: 35295127 PMCID: PMC8915840 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.663372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental origin of health and disease postulates that the footprints of early life exposure are followed as an endowment of risk for adult diseases. Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest that an adverse fetal environment can affect the health of offspring throughout their lifetime. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during fetal development can affect the hormone system homeostasis, resulting in a broad spectrum of adverse health outcomes. In the present review, we have described the effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, using the available epidemiological and experimental evidence. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of their action, which include epigenetic changes, hormonal imprinting, loss of energy homeostasis, and metabolic perturbations. The effect of prenatal EDCs exposure on cardio-metabolic-renal health, which is a complex condition of an altered biological landscape, can be further examined in the case of other environmental stressors with a similar mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Dutt Singh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kavita Koshta
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratnakar Tiwari
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hafizurrahman Khan
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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Corti M, Lorenzetti S, Ubaldi A, Zilli R, Marcoccia D. Endocrine Disruptors and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1216. [PMID: 35163140 PMCID: PMC8835300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the human prostate gland is an overlooked issue even though the prostate is essential for male fertility. From experimental models, it is known that EDs can influence several molecular mechanisms involved in prostate homeostasis and diseases, including prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common cancers in the male, whose onset and progression is characterized by the deregulation of several cellular pathways including androgen receptor (AR) signaling. The prostate gland essentiality relies on its function to produce and secrete the prostatic fluid, a component of the seminal fluid, needed to keep alive and functional sperms upon ejaculation. In physiological condition, in the prostate epithelium the more-active androgen, the 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), formed from testosterone (T) by the 5α-reductase enzyme (SRD5A), binds to AR and, upon homodimerization and nuclear translocation, recognizes the promoter of target genes modulating them. In pathological conditions, AR mutations and/or less specific AR binding by ligands modulate differently targeted genes leading to an altered regulation of cell proliferation and triggering PCa onset and development. EDs acting on the AR-dependent signaling within the prostate gland can contribute to the PCa onset and to exacerbating its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Corti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Ubaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
| | - Romano Zilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
| | - Daniele Marcoccia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (A.U.); (R.Z.)
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Francis CE, Allee L, Nguyen H, Grindstaff RD, Miller CN, Rayalam S. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Friend or foe to brown and beige adipose tissue? Toxicology 2021; 463:152972. [PMID: 34606950 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on the current obesity epidemic is a growing field of interest. Numerous EDCs have shown the potential to alter energy metabolism, which may increase the risk of obesity, in part, through direct actions on adipose tissue. While white adipose tissue has historically been the primary focus of this work, evidence of the EDC-induced disruption of brown and beige adipose tissues continues to build. Both brown and beige fat are thermogenic adipose depots rich in mitochondria that dispense heat when activated. Due to these properties, brown and beige fat are implicated in metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cachexia. This review delves into the current literature of different EDCs, including bisphenols, dioxins, air pollutants, phthalates, and phytochemicals. The possible implications that these EDCs have on thermogenic adipose tissues are covered. This review also introduces the possibility of using brown and beige fat as a therapeutic target organ by taking advantage of some of the properties of EDCs. Collectively, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the evidence of EDC disruption in white, brown, and beige fat and highlight gaps worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan Allee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Helen Nguyen
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel D Grindstaff
- Neuroendocrine Toxicology Brach, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Colette N Miller
- Cardiopulmonary Immunotoxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrative Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Srujana Rayalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA, USA.
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Lorenzetti S, Plösch T, Teller IC. Antioxidative Molecules in Human Milk and Environmental Contaminants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:550. [PMID: 33916168 PMCID: PMC8065843 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding provides overall beneficial health to the mother-child dyad and is universally recognized as the preferred feeding mode for infants up to 6-months and beyond. Human milk provides immuno-protection and supplies nutrients and bioactive compounds whose concentrations vary with lactation stage. Environmental and dietary factors potentially lead to excessive chemical exposure in critical windows of development such as neonatal life, including lactation. This review discusses current knowledge on these environmental and dietary contaminants and summarizes the known effects of these chemicals in human milk, taking into account the protective presence of antioxidative molecules. Particular attention is given to short- and long-term effects of these contaminants, considering their role as endocrine disruptors and potential epigenetic modulators. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and indicate potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lorenzetti
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Torsten Plösch
- Perinatal Neurobiology, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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D’Arrigo G, Gianquinto E, Rossetti G, Cruciani G, Lorenzetti S, Spyrakis F. Binding of Androgen- and Estrogen-Like Flavonoids to Their Cognate (Non)Nuclear Receptors: A Comparison by Computational Prediction. Molecules 2021; 26:1613. [PMID: 33799482 PMCID: PMC8001607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant bioactives that are recognized as hormone-like polyphenols because of their similarity to the endogenous sex steroids 17β-estradiol and testosterone, and to their estrogen- and androgen-like activity. Most efforts to verify flavonoid binding to nuclear receptors (NRs) and explain their action have been focused on ERα, while less attention has been paid to other nuclear and non-nuclear membrane androgen and estrogen receptors. Here, we investigate six flavonoids (apigenin, genistein, luteolin, naringenin, quercetin, and resveratrol) that are widely present in fruits and vegetables, and often used as replacement therapy in menopause. We performed comparative computational docking simulations to predict their capability of binding nuclear receptors ERα, ERβ, ERRβ, ERRγ, androgen receptor (AR), and its variant ART877A and membrane receptors for androgens, i.e., ZIP9, GPRC6A, OXER1, TRPM8, and estrogens, i.e., G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER). In agreement with data reported in literature, our results suggest that these flavonoids show a relevant degree of complementarity with both estrogen and androgen NR binding sites, likely triggering genomic-mediated effects. It is noteworthy that reliable protein-ligand complexes and estimated interaction energies were also obtained for some suggested estrogen and androgen membrane receptors, indicating that flavonoids could also exert non-genomic actions. Further investigations are needed to clarify flavonoid multiple genomic and non-genomic effects. Caution in their administration could be necessary, until the safe assumption of these natural molecules that are largely present in food is assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia D’Arrigo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Eleonora Gianquinto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9) and Institute for Advanced Simulations (IAS-5) “Computational Biomedicine”, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH, Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Cruciani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (G.D.); (E.G.)
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13
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Divella R, Daniele A, Savino E, Paradiso A. Anticancer Effects of Nutraceuticals in the Mediterranean Diet: An Epigenetic Diet Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:335-350. [PMID: 32576579 PMCID: PMC7367609 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies support the association between nutrition and development or progression of different malignancies such as colon, breast, and prostate cancer, defining these tumors as diet-associated cancer. The Mediterranean diet shows inverse associations with metabolic diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and various types of cancer. Many bioactive nutrients of the Mediterranean diet have been identified as factors protective against these types of pathologies. The epigenome has been identified as the primary goal of modulations in gene expression related to these molecular nutrients. In fact, they can modify the epigenome and can be incorporated into the 'epigenetic diet', which translates into a diet regimen that can be used therapeutically for health or preventative purposes. Most epigenetic changes are influenced by lifestyle and nutrition. Epigenetic therapy is a new area for the development of nutraceuticals whose absence of toxicity can represent a valid asset in cancer prevention strategies. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics and nutraceuticals have led to the identification of superfoods capable of favorably conditioning gene expression. In this review, we highlight the importance of nutraceuticals present in the Mediterranean diet as epigenetic modifiers both in the mechanisms of tumor onset and as protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Divella
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Daniele
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Eufemia Savino
- Clinical and Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Paradiso
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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14
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Sex hormones and sex hormone-targeting therapies in systemic sclerosis: A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Tiegs AW, Landis J, Garrido N, Scott RT, Hotaling JM. Total Motile Sperm Count Trend Over Time: Evaluation of Semen Analyses From 119,972 Men From Subfertile Couples. Urology 2019; 132:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Kelley AS, Banker M, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Burant C, Domino SE, Smith YR, Song PXK, Padmanabhan V. Early pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures are associated with inflammatory changes in maternal and neonatal circulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5422. [PMID: 30931951 PMCID: PMC6443771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous, and pregnancy is a sensitive window for toxicant exposure. EDCs may disrupt the maternal immune system, which may lead to poor pregnancy outcomes. Most studies investigate single EDCs, even though "real life" exposures do not occur in isolation. We tested the hypothesis that uniquely weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures are associated with distinct changes in the maternal and neonatal inflammasome. First trimester urine samples were tested for 12 phthalates, 12 phenols, and 17 metals in 56 women. Twelve cytokines were measured in first trimester and term maternal plasma, and in cord blood after delivery. Spearman correlations and linear regression were used to relate individual exposures with inflammatory cytokines. Linear regression was used to relate cytokine levels with gestational age and birth weight. Principal component analysis was used to assess the effect of weighted EDC mixtures on maternal and neonatal inflammation. Our results demonstrated that maternal and cord blood cytokines were differentially associated with (1) individual EDCs and (2) EDC mixtures. Several individual cytokines were positively associated with gestational age and birth weight. These observed associations between EDC mixtures and the pregnancy inflammasome may have clinical and public health implications for women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Kelley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, L4001 Women's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Margaret Banker
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48105, USA
| | - Steven E Domino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, L4001 Women's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Yolanda R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, L4001 Women's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Peter X K Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, L4001 Women's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 7510 MSRB 1, 1500 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Konkol Y, Vuorikoski H, Streng T, Tuomela J, Bernoulli J. Characterization a model of prostatic diseases and obstructive voiding induced by sex hormone imbalance in the Wistar and Noble rats. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S45-S57. [PMID: 31143671 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is a prevalent condition in men. One potential pathophysiological factor is change in sex hormone, testosterone and estrogen, balance. Inflammation, cancer and obstructive voiding has been induced in the Noble rat strain by altering levels of sex hormones. We evaluated if imbalance of sex hormones could induce comparable diseases also in a less estrogen sensitive Wistar strain rats. Methods Subcutaneous testosterone (830 µg/day) and 17β-estradiol (83 µg/day) hormone pellets were used in male Wistar and Noble strain rats to induce prostatic diseases. The rats were followed for 13 and 18 weeks. Urodynamical measurements were performed at the end of the study under anesthesia. Prostates were collected for further histological analysis. A panel of cytokines were measured from collected serum samples. Results Noble rats exhibited stromal and glandular inflammation after 13 weeks that progressed into more severe forms after 18 weeks of hormonal treatment. CD68-positive macrophages were observed in the stromal areas and inside the inflamed acini. CD163-positive macrophages were present in the stromal compartment but absent inside inflammatory foci or prostate acini. Thirteen-week hormonal treatment in Noble rats induced obstructive voiding, which progressed to urinary retention after 18-weeks treatment. In the Wistar rats 18-week treatment was comparable to the 13-week-treated Noble rats judged by progression of prostatic inflammation, being also evident for obstructive voiding. Incidence of PIN-like lesions and carcinomas in the periurethal area in Noble rats were high (100%) but lower (57%) and with smaller lesions in Wistar rats. Serum cytokines leptin, CCL5, and VEGF concentrations showed a decrease in the hormone-treated rats compared to placebo-treated rats. Conclusions Prostate inflammation and obstructive voiding developed also in the Wistar rats but more slowly than in Noble rats. Male non-castrated Wistar strain rats may thus be suitable to use in studies of pathophysiology and hormone-dependent prostate inflammation and obstructive voiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Konkol
- Cancer Research Laboratory, FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Pharmatest Services Ltd., Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tomi Streng
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuomela
- Cancer Research Laboratory, FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
Endocrine disruption has been gathering increasing attention in the past 25 years as a possible new threat for health and safety. Exposure to endocrine disruptor has been progressively linked with a growing number of increasing disease in the human population. The mechanics through which endocrine disruptors act are not yet completely clear, however a number of pathways have been identified. A key concern is the cumulative and synergic effects that endocrine disruptors could have when mixed in consumer products. We reviewed the available literature to identify known or potential endocrine disruptors, as well as endocrine active substances that could contribute to cumulative effects, in topical consumer products. The number of endocrine actives used daily in consumer products is staggering and even though most if not all are used in concentrations that are considered to be safe, we believe that the possibility of combined effects in mixtures and non-monotonic dose/response is enough to require further precautions. A combined in vitro approach based on existing, validated OECD test methods is suggested to screen consumer products and mixtures for potential interaction with estrogen and androgen hormone receptors, in order to identify products that could have cumulative effects or support their safety concerning direct endocrine disruption capabilities.
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19
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Rehman S, Usman Z, Rehman S, AlDraihem M, Rehman N, Rehman I, Ahmad G. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and impact on male reproductive health. Transl Androl Urol 2018; 7:490-503. [PMID: 30050807 PMCID: PMC6043754 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.05.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been known to adversely affect the endocrine system leading to compromised functions of hormones. The presence of these compounds in everyday products such as canned food, water bottles, plastics, cosmetics, fertilizers, kid’s toys and many others goods is a greater concern for general population. The persistent and long-term use of EDCs has deleterious effects on human reproductive health by interfering with the synthesis and mechanism of action of sex hormones. Any change during the synthesis or action of the sex hormones may result in abnormal reproductive functions which includes developmental anomalies in the reproductive tract and decline in semen quality. The present paper provides an overview of the EDCs and their possible impact on male reproductive health with major focus on semen quality which leads to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zeenat Usman
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sabeen Rehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Noor Rehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, NY, USA
| | - Ibraheem Rehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Human Reproduction Unit, Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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