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Cheng X, Yang J, Zhang C, Tang T, Zhao X, Ye Q. Carbon-14 labeled transformation of atrazine in soils: Comparison of superabsorbent hydrogel coating and technical material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175584. [PMID: 39155004 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Atrazine exhibits adverse effects on diverse organisms in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, even though it effectively targets specific organisms. This study employed superabsorbent hydrogels to coat 14C-atrazine coupled with a four-compartment model to determine the fate of this herbicide in three oxic soils over a 100-day incubation period. Mineralization of atrazine was limited in all soils, with rates remaining below 3.5 %. The encapsulation treatment reduced mineralization of atrazine in soil A and soil B. Bound residues ranged from 26.1 to 43.6 % at 100 d. The encapsulation treatment enhanced the degradation of atrazine and reduced the content of deethylatrazine in soil A, but significantly increased the content of deisopropylatrazine in soil A and hydroxyatrazine in soil C. Using the obtained data, we also constructed a four-compartment model to clarify the relationships among the parent compound, degradation products, bound residues, and mineralization. This model accurately fits the fate of atrazine in the present work. Additionally, the correlation study suggested that both soil parameters and superabsorbent hydrogels played significant roles in influencing atrazine transformation. These findings serve as a reference for evaluating the environmental impact of superabsorbent hydrogels in atrazine pollution reduction and offer a foundational model approach for a comprehensive understanding of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Jingying Yang
- Radiolabeled DMPK & BA Laboratory, Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315336, PR China.
| | - Chunrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Qin S, Li X, Han E, Fan Y, Liu S, Ding Y, Qi S. Strategies and mechanisms for improving the detection accuracy of nonextractable residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173908. [PMID: 38862044 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The methods that can accurately measure the concentrations of nonextractable residues (NERs) of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in soil are still lacked in current studies. In this study, three methods, namely methanolic saponification treatment (MST), silylation treatment (ST), and acid deashing treatment (ADT), were investigated and then combined to extract the NERs of six types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from nine soil samples. The NER concentrations of PAHs obtained by ST (2.43-521.73 ng g-1) were comparable to or significantly higher than those obtained by MST (1.94-291.54 ng g-1), owing to the properties of soil and target compounds. Additionally, ADT could further release a considerable amount of PAH NERs (0.39-276.99 ng g-1) from the soils that had been treated with ST. The mechanism was that acid solution dissolved mineral components, significantly increasing the pore size of the soil matrices from 9.37-15.57 nm to 17.11-27.51 nm. The average percentage of each PAH obtained by ADT (the ratio of the amount obtained by ADT to the total NER content) exhibited a negative correlation with their ring numbers (R2 = 0.62, p < 0.05), whereas the percentage of targets recovered through ST increased linearly with their log KOW values (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.05). Moreover, there is a positive correlation (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.05) between the NER percentages of phenanthrene (obtained by ST-ADT) and the specific surface areas of soils, and the NER percentages of benzo(g,h,i)perylene is positively correlated to the content of total organic carbon (R2 = 0.62, p < 0.05). These results suggested that the amounts and locations of NERs were influenced by both the physicochemical characteristics of PAHs and soils. These findings provide some basic understandings of the entrapped mechanisms of PAH NERs, helping to establish strategies for improving their detection accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xiaoshui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Erxuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuhan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Shihong Liu
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Dong Y. Bioremediation experiments and dynamic model of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121247. [PMID: 38909573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Clarifying the occurrence and morphological characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in soil can facilitate a comprehensive understanding of their migration and transformation patterns in soil/sediment. Additionally, by establishing the dynamic transformation process of each occurrence state, the ecological impact and environmental risk associated with PHs in soil/sediment can be assessed more precisely. The adsorption experiments and closed static incubation experiments was carried out to explore the PHs degradation and fraction distribution in aged contaminated soil under two remediation scenarios of natural attenuation (NA) and bioaugmentation (BA) by exogenous bacteria through a new sequential extraction method based on Tenax-TA, Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Rhamnolipid (HPCD/RL), accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) unit and alkaline hydrolysis extraction. The adsorption experiment results illustrated that bioaugmentation could promote the desorption of PHs in the adsorption phase, and the soil-water partition coefficient Kd decreased from 0.153 L/g to 0.092 L/g. The incubation experiment results showed that compared with natural attenuation, bioaugmentation could improve the utilization of PHs in aged soil and promote the generation of non-extractable hydrocarbons. On the 90th day of the experiment, the concentrations of weakly adsorbed hydrocarbons in the natural attenuation and bioaugmentation experimental groups decreased by 46.44% and 87.07%, respectively, while the concentrations of strongly adsorbed hydrocarbons and non-extractable hydrocarbons increased by 77.93%, 182.14%, and 80.91%, and 501.19%, respectively, compared their initial values. We developed a novel dynamic model and inverted the kinetic parameters of the model by the parameter scanning function and the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method based on the Bayesian approach in COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element software combined with experimental data. There was a good linear relationship between experimental interpolation data and model prediction data. The R2 for the concentrations of weakly adsorbed hydrocarbons ranged from 0.9953 to 0.9974, for strongly adsorbed hydrocarbons from 0.9063 to 0.9756, and for non-extractable hydrocarbons from 0.9931 to 0.9982. These extremely high correlation coefficients demonstrate the high accuracy of the parameters calculated using the Bayesian inversion method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yafu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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Kaw HY, Yu J, Ma X, Yang Q, Zhu L, Wang W. The significance of environmentally bioavailable antimicrobials in driving antimicrobial resistance in soils. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108830. [PMID: 38943926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) stands as an escalating public health crisis fueled by antimicrobial residues in the environment, particularly in soil, which acts as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Merely quantifying the total extractable concentration of antimicrobials, instead of bioavailable fractions, may substantially underestimate their minimal selection concentration for propagating ARGs. To shed light on the role of bioavailability in ARG abundance within soil, a systematic bioavailability assessment method was established for accurately quantifying the partitioning of multi-class antimicrobials in representative Chinese soils. Microcosm studies unveiled that antimicrobials persisting in the bioavailable fraction could potentially prolong their selection pressure duration to trigger AMR. Notably, the co-occurrence of pesticide or steroid hormone influenced the development trends of ARG subtypes, with fluoroquinolone resistance genes (RGs) being particularly susceptible. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) analysis uncovered potentially distinct induction mechanisms of antimicrobials: observable results suggested that extractable residual concentration may exert a direct selection pressure on the development of ARGs, while bioavailable concentration could potentially play a stepwise role in affecting the abundance of mobile genetic elements and initiating ARG dissemination. Such unprecedented scrutinization of the interplay between bioavailable antimicrobials in soils and ARG abundance provides valuable insights into strategizing regulatory policy or guidelines for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yeong Kaw
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Xuejing Ma
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058, China.
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5
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Barr KJ, Panuwet P, Saikawa E. The effect of farming techniques on degradation of DDT in historical cotton farms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:123961. [PMID: 38614425 PMCID: PMC11168900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
DDT was used in the mid 20th century for crop and livestock production. After use, DDT and its degradates DDE and DDD (collectively DDX) remain in the environment for decades. A few studies have reported that the rate of degradation of DDT into its metabolites is affected by various farming techniques like tillage, irrigation, and use of fertilizers. However, most of these studies did not evaluate active farms, and none of them focused on the Southeast US or historical cotton farms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine if different farming techniques affect the decomposition of DDT in Walton County, Georgia, where farms historically grew cotton. Five Walton County farms were sampled for soil, and churches were sampled as control sites. The extensive land history of the farms was recorded, and the soil levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, and o,p'-DDE were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All farm sites had detectable levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD, while few sites had detectable levels of o,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDE. Tillage was found to speed up p,p'-DDE degradation, but there was no effect on p,p'-DDT degradation. Plowing was associated with an increase in decomposition of p,p'-DDT, but p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were not significantly increased. The largest difference in the degradation of DDT was based on the fertilizer type. Natural fertilizer sped up degradation of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE; synthetic fertilizer increased p,p'-DDE degradation, but not p,p'-DDT degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Barr
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development in Environmental Health Research, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Süßmuth R, Shrestha P, Andrea Diaz Navarrete C, Wege FF, Achten C, Hennecke D. Impact of different sterilisation techniques on sorption and NER formation of test chemicals in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141915. [PMID: 38582162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Standard OECD tests are used to generate data on biodegradation (OECD 307) and sorption (OECD 106) of test chemicals in soil. In such tests, data on abiotic degradation using sterile samples are utilised to investigate any losses due to abiotic processes. The data from sterile samples are also used to interpret results and findings of non-sterile samples, especially in the context of sorption and non-extractable residue (NER) formation. However, to ensure the comparability of the data obtained from sterile and non-sterile experiments, effects of sterilisation on the soil matrix should be minimal. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiencies of different sterilisation techniques and the impact of the sterilisation on sorption and NER formation in soil. In this study, experiments in accordance with OECD 307 and OECD 106 guidelines were performed with two soils covering wide range of soil characteristics and treated with the three sterilisation techniques autoclaving, gamma(γ)-radiation and adding 1% (w/w) sodium azide. As a test item, 14C-labelled phenanthrene and bromoxynil was used for OECD 307 test, whereas non-labelled phenanthrene and atrazine was used for OECD 106. The sterilisation efficiencies were investigated using traditional viable plate count and molecular approaches (RNA extraction method). The results suggest that none of the tested techniques resulted in completely sterilised soil with autoclaving being the most efficient technique. Adding sodium azide led to most inefficient sterilisation and a significant increase (0.56 units) in soil pH. OECD 307 results showed differences in NER formation of the test chemicals, especially for soil poisoning and γ-radiation, which could be due to inefficient sterilisation and/or change in soil physico-chemical properties. OECD 106 results suggest that none of the sterilisation techniques considerably affected sorption behaviour of the test chemicals. Based on our results, we recommend autoclaving as most suitable sterilisation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Süßmuth
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Prasit Shrestha
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | | | - Franziska-Frederike Wege
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Dieter Hennecke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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Wu X, Sun F, Cao S, Wang Q, Wang L, Wang S, He Y, Kolvenbach BA, Corvini PFX, Ji R. Maize ( Zea mays L.) Plants Alter the Fate and Accumulate Nonextractable Residues of Sulfamethoxazole in Farmland Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9292-9302. [PMID: 38752544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in farmlands is crucial for food and ecological safety, yet it remains unclear. We used [phenyl-U-14C]-labeled sulfamethoxazole (14C-SMX) to quantitatively investigate the fate of SMX in a soil-maize system for 60 days, based on a six-pool fate model. Formation of nonextractable residues (NERs) was the predominant fate for SMX in unplanted soil, accompanied by minor mineralization. Notably, maize plants significantly increased SMX dissipation (kinetic constant kd = 0.30 day-1 vs 0.17 day-1), while substantially reducing the NER formation (92% vs 58% of initially applied SMX) and accumulating SMX (40%, mostly bound to roots). Significant NERs (maximal 29-42%) were formed via physicochemical entrapment (determined using silylation), which could partially be released and taken up by maize plants. The NERs consisted of a considerable amount of SMX formed via entrapment (1-8%) and alkali-hydrolyzable covalent bonds (2-12%, possibly amide linkage). Six and 10 transformation products were quantified in soil extracts and NERs, respectively, including products of hydroxyl substitution, deamination, and N-acylation, among which N-lactylated SMX was found for the first time. Our findings reveal the composition and instability of SMX-derived NERs in the soil-plant system and underscore the need to study the long-term impacts of reversible NERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Siqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Songfeng Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Boris Alexander Kolvenbach
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Francois-Xavier Corvini
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
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Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang R, Du X, Yuan B, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Wang J, Sun Y. Development of a 3-step sequential extraction method to investigate the fraction and affecting factors of 21 antibiotics in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133842. [PMID: 38432088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic exist in various states after entering agricultural soil through the application of manure, including the aqueous state (I), which can be directly absorbed by plants, and the auxiliary organic extraction state (III), which is closely associated with the pseudo-permanence of antibiotics. However, effective analytical methods for extracting and affecting factors on fractions of different antibiotic states remain unclear. In this study, KCl, acetonitrile/Na2EDTA-McIlvaine buffer, and acetonitrile/water were successively used to extract states I, II, and III of 21 antibiotics in soil, and the recovery efficiency met the quantitative requirements. Random forest classification and variance partitioning analysis revealed that dissolved organic matter, pH, and organic matter were important factors affecting the recovery efficiency of antibiotic in states I, II, and III, respectively. Additionally, 65-day spiked soil experiments combined with Mantel test analysis suggested that pH, organic acids, heavy metals, and noncrystalline minerals differentially affected antibiotic type and state. Importantly, a structural equation model indicated that organic acids play a crucial role in the fraction of antibiotic states. Overall, this study reveals the factors influencing the fraction of different antibiotic states in soil, which is helpful for accurately assessing their ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanwen Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xian Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sinochem Environment Holdings Co., Ltd., Beijing 100160, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zishuai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaoye Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Nesse AS, Jasinska A, Stoknes K, Aanrud SG, Risinggård KO, Kallenborn R, Sogn TA, Ali AM. Low uptake of pharmaceuticals in edible mushrooms grown in polluted biogas digestate. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141169. [PMID: 38211789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The uptake dynamics of two sulfonamide antibiotics, two fluoroquinolone antibiotics, and the anticonvulsant carbamazepine during the cultivation of two species of edible mushrooms (Agaricus subrufescens and A. bisporus) was investigated. None of the antibiotics were accumulated by the mushrooms, while carbamazepine and its transformation product carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide were taken up by A. bisporus fruiting body but only in small amounts (up to 0.76 and 1.85 μg kg-1 dry weight, respectively). The sulfonamides were quickly removed from the mushroom growth substrate, while the recalcitrant fluoroquinolones and carbamazepine were only partially removed. Dissipation half-lives were generally lower for A. subrufescens than A. bisporus, but A. subrufescens was also grown at a slightly higher culture temperature. A. subrufescens also showed a lower uptake of contaminants. Comparison of maximum dietary intake with other common exposure sources showed that these mushrooms can safely be eaten although produced on a polluted substrate, with respect to the investigated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Nesse
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 31, 1433, Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Oluf Thesens Vei 43, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Agnieszka Jasinska
- Lindum AS, Lerpeveien 155, 3036, Drammen, Norway; Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Vegetable Crops, Ul. J.H. Dabrowskiego 159, 60-594, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Stine Göransson Aanrud
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristin Ogner Risinggård
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Roland Kallenborn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Aas, Norway
| | - Trine A Sogn
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Elizabeth Stephansensvei 31, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Aasim M Ali
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Chr. M. Falsens Vei 18, 1433, Aas, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway
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10
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Chen T, Zhang Y, Fu B, Huang W. An evaluation model for in-situ bioremediation technology of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123299. [PMID: 38185355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Considering the interference of the complexity of underground environment to the bioremediation scheme, an evaluation model for bioremediation technology in the soil source area of oil contaminated sites was established. On the basis of traditional CDE model, a compartment model was coupled to express the adsorption and degradation process, and the spatial expression of biodegradation was enriched through environment-dependent factors. The visualization of the model was achieved based on COMSOL Multiphysics software platform. Two sets of indoor sandbox experiments on natural attenuation and bioaugmentation were carried out for 120 days to verify the prediction function of the model. The results showed that bioaugmentation greatly improved the remediation effect. Petroleum hydrocarbons with different occurrence states exhibited different spatial distributions under the influence of environmental factors. The prediction accuracy evaluation results of total petroleum hydrocarbons, bio available hydrocarbons and non extractable hydrocarbons showed excellent fitting degree, and the model had a good prediction function for petroleum hydrocarbon in soil under different bioremediation scenarios. This model can be used to screen bioremediation technical schemes, prevent pollution and assess risk of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Yafu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wenbiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
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11
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Siedt M, Vonhoegen D, Smith KEC, Roß-Nickoll M, van Dongen JT, Schäffer A. Fermented biochar has a markedly different effect on fate of pesticides in soil than compost, straw, and a mixed biochar-product. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140298. [PMID: 37758091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge about how biochars affect the fate of pesticides in soil is based on studies that used pure biochars. After finding that an additional biological post-pyrolysis treatment, such as co-composting or lactic fermentation, is required for biochars for superior performance in temperate arable soils, a knowledge gap formed of how such further processed biochar products would affect the fate of pesticides in soil. This study compared the effects of a novel fermented biochar alone or mixed with biogas residues on the fate of two pesticides, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and metalaxyl-M, in a temperate arable soil to the traditional organic amendments wheat straw and compost. The fate of 14C-labeled MCPA was markedly affected in different ways. Fermented biochar effectively reduced the water-extractability and mineralization due to adsorption that was comparable to adsorption strengths reported for pure biochars. However, this effect was weak for the biochar mixed with biogas residues. Straw reduced water-extractable amounts due to increased biodegradation and formation of likely biogenic non-extractable residues of MCPA. In contrast, compost decelerated mineralization and increased the water solubility of the MCPA residues due to released dissolved organic matter. The amendments' effects were minor regarding 14C-metalaxyl-M, except for the fermented biochar which again reduced water-extractability and delayed degradation due to adsorption. Thus, the effects of the organic amendments differed for the two pesticide compounds with only the fermented biochar's effect being similar for both. However, this effect was no longer present in the mixed product containing 20% biochar. Our findings clearly show that biologically treated biochar-containing products can affect the fate of pesticides in soil very differently, also when compared to traditional organic amendments. Such impacts and their desirable and undesirable ecotoxicological implications need to be considered before the large-scale application of biochars to temperate arable soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Siedt
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Molecular Ecology of the Rhizosphere, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Denise Vonhoegen
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kilian E C Smith
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joost T van Dongen
- Molecular Ecology of the Rhizosphere, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Ukalska-Jaruga A, Bejger R, Smreczak B, Weber J, Mielnik L, Jerzykiewicz M, Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Jamroz E, Debicka M, Kocowicz A, Bekier J. The Interaction of Pesticides with Humin Fractions and Their Potential Impact on Non-Extractable Residue Formation. Molecules 2023; 28:7146. [PMID: 37894625 PMCID: PMC10609562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The constant influx of pesticides into soils is a key environmental issue in terms of their potential retention in the soil, thus reducing their negative impact on the environment. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important factor influencing the environmental fate of these substances. Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the chemical behavior of pesticides (flufenacet, pendimethalin, α-cypermethrin, metazachlor, acetamiprid) toward stable soil humin fractions (HNs) as a main factor affecting the formation of non-extractable residues of agrochemicals in soil. This research was conducted as a batch experiment according to OECD Guideline 106. For this purpose, HNs were isolated from eight soils with different physicochemical properties (clay content = 16-47%, pHKCl = 5.6-7.7, TOC = 13.3-49.7 g·kg-1, TN = 1.06-2.90 g·kg-1, TOC/TN = 11.4-13.7) to reflect the various processes of their formation. The extraction was carried out through the sequential separation of humic acids with 0.1 M NaOH, and then the digestion of the remaining mineral fraction with 10% HF/HCl. The pesticide concentrations were detected using GC-MS/MS. The pesticides were characterized based on the different sorption rates to HNs, according to the overall trend: metazachlor (95% of absorbed compound) > acetamiprid (94% of absorbed compound) > cypermethrin (63% of partitioning compound) > flufenacet (39% of partitioning compound) > pendimethalin (28% of partitioning compound). Cypermethrin and metazachlor exhibited the highest saturation dynamic, while the other agrochemicals were much more slowly attracted by the HNs. The obtained sorption kinetic data were congruous to the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models related to the surface adsorption and interparticle diffusion isotherm. The conducted research showed that the processes of pesticide sorption, apart from physicochemical phenomena, are also affected by the properties of the pollutants themselves (polarity, KOC) and the soil properties (SOM content, clay content, and pHKCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Romualda Bejger
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI/3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Bożena Smreczak
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Weber
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Lilla Mielnik
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Papieża Pawła VI/3, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Magdalena Debicka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Andrzej Kocowicz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Jakub Bekier
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.W.); (I.Ć.-P.); (E.J.); (M.D.); (A.K.); (J.B.)
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13
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Rösch A, Wettstein FE, Wächter D, Reininger V, Meuli RG, Bucheli TD. A multi-residue method for trace analysis of pesticides in soils with special emphasis on rigorous quality control. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6009-6025. [PMID: 37550544 PMCID: PMC10556155 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A multi-residue trace analytical method is presented to accurately quantify 146 currently used pesticides in (agricultural) soils with varying soil properties. Pesticides were extracted using an optimized quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach and chemical analysis was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole). Quantification was based on matrix-matched internal standards calibration, using 95 isotopically labeled analyte analogues. In contrast to the common approach of method validation using soils freshly spiked with analytes shortly before the extraction, our method is additionally validated via an in-house prepared partly aged soil, which contains all target pesticides and via agricultural field soils with native pesticide residues. The developed method is highly sensitive (median method limit of quantification: 0.2 ng/g), precise (e.g., median intra-day and inter-day method precision both ~ 4% based on field soils), and true ((i) quantified pesticide concentrations of the partly aged soil remained stable during 6 months, were close to the initially spiked nominal concentration of 10 ng/g, and thus can be used to review trueness in the future; (ii) median freshly spiked relative recovery: 103%; and (iii) participation in a ring trial: median z-scores close to one (good to satisfactory result)). Its application to selected Swiss (agricultural) soils revealed the presence of in total 77 different pesticides with sum concentrations up to 500 ng/g. The method is now in use for routine soil monitoring as part of the Swiss Action Plan for Risk Reduction and Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rösch
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Wächter
- Soil Quality and Soil Use, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reto G Meuli
- Soil Quality and Soil Use, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Riedo J, Yokota A, Walther B, Bartolomé N, van der Heijden MGA, Bucheli TD, Walder F. Temporal dynamics of total and bioavailable fungicide concentrations in soil and their effect upon nine soil microbial markers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162995. [PMID: 36948305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides constitute an integral part of today's agriculture. Their widespread use leads to ubiquitous contamination of the environment, including soils. Soils are a precious resource providing vital functions to society - thus, it is of utmost importance to thoroughly assess the risk posed by widespread pesticide contamination. The exposure of non-target organisms to pesticides in soils is challenging to quantify since only a fraction of the total pesticide concentration is bioavailable. Here we measured and compared the bioavailable and total concentrations of three fungicides - boscalid, azoxystrobin, and epoxiconazole - and evaluated which concentration best predicts effects on nine microbial markers. The experiments were performed in three different soils at five time points over two months employing nearly 900 microcosms with a model plant. The total and bioavailable concentrations of azoxystrobin and boscalid decreased steadily during the trial to levels of 25 % and 8 % of the original concentration, respectively, while the concentration of epoxiconazole in soil nearly remained unchanged. The bioavailable fraction generally showed a slightly faster and more pronounced decline. The microbial markers varied in their sensitivity to the three fungicides. Specific microbial markers, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and bacterial and archaeal ammonia oxidizers, were most sensitive to each of the fungicide treatments, making them suitable indicators for pesticide effects. Even though the responses were predominantly negative, they were also transient, and the impact was no longer evident after two months. Finally, the bioavailable fraction did not better predict the relationships between exposure and effect than the total concentration. This study demonstrates that key microbial groups are temporarily susceptible to a single fungicide application, pointing to the risk that repeated use of pesticides may disrupt vital soil functions such as nutrient cycling in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Riedo
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aya Yokota
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Walther
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nora Bartolomé
- Division of Methods Development and Analytics, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel G A van der Heijden
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Division of Methods Development and Analytics, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Walder
- Division of Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Zhou X, Zhang W, Shao S, Zhang S, Cheng X, Ye Q. Fate characteristics of the chiral pesticide dufulin in flooded anaerobic soils and its interaction with soil microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162983. [PMID: 36958557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dufulin (DFL), a plant antiviral agent synthesized in China, has been widely used to control viral diseases in rice, tobacco, tomato, and other crops. However, its fate in flooded anaerobic soils, which is essential for environmental risk assessment, remains unknown. Using the 14C tracer technique, the fate of 14C-labeled DFL isomers in flooded anaerobic soils was systematically investigated in this study. Over the 100-day incubation, a small part of 14C-DFL enantiomer was mineralized to 14CO2 (< 10.44 %) or entered the surface water phase (< 6.69 %), with most of the 14C (> 80.40 %) remaining in the subsoil. The residues in all tested soils were gradually converted from extractable residues (ERs) to nonextractable residues (NERs). At the end of incubation, the fraction of 14C-NERs reached 5.38-23.77 %. The half-life (t1/2) of the DFL parent in soil is relatively long under submerged anaerobic conditions, especially in Fluvo-aquic soil, up to 277.26-315.07 days, which exceeds the risk threshold recommended by the Stockholm Convention (< 180 days). Soil type and microbial activity influenced the fate of DFL in flooded soils and microbial analysis showed that 2.0 mg kg-1 DFL had no obvious impact on soil bacterial richness and function. Pseudomonas spp. was estimated to be a potentially efficient degrading genus for DFL. No enantioselective behaviors were detected in this study. This research provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the environmental impact and ecological safety of DFL application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Siyao Shao
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xi Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Riedo J, Wächter D, Gubler A, Wettstein FE, Meuli RG, Bucheli TD. Pesticide residues in agricultural soils in light of their on-farm application history. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121892. [PMID: 37247768 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of synthetic pesticides to agricultural fields for the protection of crops leads to the formation of residues in soils. While the short-term behavior of pesticide residues in soils after an application is generally known from laboratory and field studies required for authorization (prospective risk assessments), there is still a lack of in-situ observations that address their long-term fate. Long-term soil monitoring programs, with comprehensive site-specific records of pesticide application data, constitute an invaluable, complementary, retrospective exposure assessment tool to address this gap. Considering the pesticide applications over the past 10-15 years, this study assessed the occurrence of pesticides in agricultural soils of Switzerland and put their presence or absence, as well as their concentrations, in the context of their previous application. The results showed that pesticides could also be detected at sites without a connection to previous applications and that small residual mass fractions of pesticides, even of some non-persistent compounds, were found in soils, years or decades after their last application. This finding points to an environmental issue that may not be adequately captured in prospective risk assessment and calls attention to the need for comprehensive long-term recording and monitoring as a complementary retrospective exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Riedo
- Swiss Soil Monitoring, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wächter
- Swiss Soil Monitoring, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Gubler
- Swiss Soil Monitoring, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Reto G Meuli
- Swiss Soil Monitoring, Agroscope, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Pawlowski S, Aicher L, Berends A, Curtis-Jackson P, Häner A, Hollender J, Jene B, Jenner K, Redman A, Sanders G, Vallotton N, Wang N, Wheeler JR. Mobility in the context of exposure-based assessment of chemicals for drinking water resource protection. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:775-791. [PMID: 36281826 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to protect European Union (EU) drinking water resources from chemical contamination, criteria for identifying persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) chemicals and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) chemicals under the EU REACH Regulation were proposed by the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt-UBA). Additionally, new hazard classes for PMT and vPvM substances in the revised EU classification, labeling, and packaging (CLP Regulation) are intended. Therefore, a reliable approach in the identification of potential drinking water resource contaminants is needed. The scientific basis of the property-based PMT/vPvM criteria, focusing on mobility, which dictates the migration of chemical drinking water sources, was evaluated, and a critical analysis of the deviation of sorption metrics from simple behavior was carried out. Based on our evaluation, a Koc may be used for nonionic substances on a screening level only, requiring a higher tier assessment. It is considered inappropriate for hydrophilic and ionizable chemicals, particularly for soils with low organic carbon contents. The nonextractable residue formation is complex and not well understood but remains significant in limiting the mobility of chemicals through soils and sediments. In order to inform the EU commission's work on the introduction of new hazard classes for PMT and vPvM substances into the European legislation, the derivation of a tiered approach is proposed, which utilizes the weight of evidence available, with adoption of appropriate higher tier models commensurate with the nature of the substance and the data available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:775-791. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lothar Aicher
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Aaron Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Aslam S, Jing Y, Nowak KM. Fate of glyphosate and its degradation products AMPA, glycine and sarcosine in an agricultural soil: Implications for environmental risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130847. [PMID: 36696778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate can be biodegraded via the aminomethylphosponic acid (AMPA) and the sarcosine/glycine pathway leading to the formation of three intermediate products AMPA, sarcosine or glycine. The fate of the three intermediate compounds of glyphosate biodegradation including nature of non-extractable residues (NERs; harmless biogenic [NERsbiogenic] versus hazardous xenobiotic [NERsxenobiotic]) in soils has not been investigated yet. This information is crucial for an assessment of environmental risks related to the speciation of glyphosate-derived NERs which may stem from glyphosate intermediates. Therefore, we incubated 13C- and 15N-labeled glyphosate (2-13C,15N-glyphosate) and its degradation product AMPA (13C,15N-AMPA), sarcosine (13C3,15N-sarcosine) or glycine (13C2,15N-glycine) in an agricultural soil separately for a period of 75 days. 13C2-glycine and 13C3-sarcosine mineralized rapidly compared to 2-13C-glyphosate and 13C-AMPA. The mineralization of 13C-AMPA was lowest among all four compounds due to its persistent nature. Only 0.5% of the initially added 2-13C,15N-glyphosate and still about 30% of the initially added 13C,15N-AMPA was extracted from soil after 75 days. The NERs formed from 13C,15N-AMPA were mostly NERsxenobiotic as compared to other three compounds for which significant amounts of NERsbiogenic were determined. We noticed 2-13C,15N-glyphosate was biodegraded via two biodegradation pathways simultaneously; however, the sarcosine/glycine pathway with the formation of harmless NERsbiogenic presumably dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Aslam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Ferozepur Road, 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yuying Jing
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karolina M Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Zhou Y, Jiang B, Wang Y, Sun F, Ji R. Effect of Cu 2+ on the Laccase-Inducted Formation of Non-Extractable Residues of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Humic Acids. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:1162-1166. [PMID: 36066573 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We used 14 C-radiolabelling to study the non-extractable residues (NERs) formation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in a humic acid (HA) suspension under catalysis of laccase in the presence of copper. When entering the suspension after TBBPA adsorbing to HA supramolecular associates, Cu2+ at low concentrations (even without toxicity to laccase) significantly reduced the amount and first-order kinetic constant of the NER formation, while Cu2+ had no significant effect on the formation after it was complexed with HA. The inhibition effect of Cu2+ on the NER formation is explained to be attributed to the prevention of laccase-induced oxidation of TBBPA in the voids of HA associates by complexation of Cu2+ with periphery molecules of the associates. The results provide insights into varying effects of heavy metals on the environmental fate of organic contaminants and suggest that co-existing heavy metals could increase their environmental risk by reducing their NER formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqi Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, No. 10, Huan Bei San Cun, 350013, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000, Quanzhou, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000, Quanzhou, China
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Chiaia-Hernández AC, Casado-Martinez C, Lara-Martin P, Bucheli TD. Sediments: sink, archive, and source of contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85761-85765. [PMID: 36352072 PMCID: PMC9646277 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Institute of Geography & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Pablo Lara-Martin
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Spain
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21
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Davenport R, Curtis‐Jackson P, Dalkmann P, Davies J, Fenner K, Hand L, McDonough K, Ott A, Ortega‐Calvo JJ, Parsons JR, Schäffer A, Sweetlove C, Trapp S, Wang N, Redman A. Scientific concepts and methods for moving persistence assessments into the 21st century. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1454-1487. [PMID: 34989108 PMCID: PMC9790601 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of a chemical substance's persistence is key to understanding its environmental fate, exposure concentration, and, ultimately, environmental risk. Traditional biodegradation test methods were developed many years ago for soluble, nonvolatile, single-constituent test substances, which do not represent the wide range of manufactured chemical substances. In addition, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) screening and simulation test methods do not fully reflect the environmental conditions into which substances are released and, therefore, estimates of chemical degradation half-lives can be very uncertain and may misrepresent real environmental processes. In this paper, we address the challenges and limitations facing current test methods and the scientific advances that are helping to both understand and provide solutions to them. Some of these advancements include the following: (1) robust methods that provide a deeper understanding of microbial composition, diversity, and abundance to ensure consistency and/or interpret variability between tests; (2) benchmarking tools and reference substances that aid in persistence evaluations through comparison against substances with well-quantified degradation profiles; (3) analytical methods that allow quantification for parent and metabolites at environmentally relevant concentrations, and inform on test substance bioavailability, biochemical pathways, rates of primary versus overall degradation, and rates of metabolite formation and decay; (4) modeling tools that predict the likelihood of microbial biotransformation, as well as biochemical pathways; and (5) modeling approaches that allow for derivation of more generally applicable biotransformation rate constants, by accounting for physical and/or chemical processes and test system design when evaluating test data. We also identify that, while such advancements could improve the certainty and accuracy of persistence assessments, the mechanisms and processes by which they are translated into regulatory practice and development of new OECD test guidelines need improving and accelerating. Where uncertainty remains, holistic weight of evidence approaches may be required to accurately assess the persistence of chemicals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1454-1487. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Dalkmann
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Environmental SafetyMonheimGermany
| | | | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Laurence Hand
- Syngenta, Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellUK
| | | | - Amelie Ott
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Jose Julio Ortega‐Calvo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSevillaSpain
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental ResearchAachenGermany
| | - Cyril Sweetlove
- L'Oréal Research & InnovationEnvironmental Research DepartmentAulnay‐sous‐BoisFrance
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvetLyngbyDenmark
| | - Neil Wang
- Total Marketing & ServicesParis la DéfenseFrance
| | - Aaron Redman
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and ChemicalMachelenBelgium
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22
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Sur R, Kley C, Sittig S. Field leaching study - Inverse estimation of degradation and sorption parameters for a mobile soil metabolite and its pesticide parent. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119794. [PMID: 35863712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide concentration measurements from field studies under real-world conditions can improve the derivation of more representative modelling input parameters for the exposure assessment of agrochemicals in the authorization process of plant protection products. The pertinent guidance documents foresee the application of inverse modelling approaches in combination with environmental fate and transport models to estimate e.g., soil dissipation rates that are solely based on microbial degradation and are not lumped with contributions from other dissipation processes such as leaching, plant uptake, volatilization and photodegradation. Field leaching studies can be used to estimate both degradation and sorption of chemicals in the soil matrix. In this study, inverse modelling of environmental fate parameters is presented based on solute concentrations from a field leaching study sampling pore water from five different depths down to 1.5 m. The leaching model PEARL and the universal optimization tool PEST were coupled, and sorption and degradation of the fungicide fluopicolide and its soil metabolite BAM (2,6-dichlorobenzamide) were quantified. Soil degradation half-lives were not different from results obtained in regular field degradation studies sampling residues in the total soil matrix (236 d vs. 158 d for fluopicolide and 53 d vs. 45 d for BAM); whereas a sorption increase with time (time-dependent sorption) was observed for the parent compound. This work aims at pointing out the feasibility to include field leaching studies with measurements at different soil depths in regulatory exposure assessment, since a statistically significant derivation of degradation and sorption parameters is presented, along with low uncertainties in the estimated parameter values of ±10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Sur
- Bayer AG Division Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Carolin Kley
- Bayer AG Division Crop Science, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
| | - Stephan Sittig
- knoell Germany GmbH, Konrad-Zuse-Ring 25, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
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23
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Biodegradation of poly(butylene succinate) in soil laboratory incubations assessed by stable carbon isotope labelling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5691. [PMID: 36171185 PMCID: PMC9519748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using biodegradable instead of conventional plastics in agricultural applications promises to help overcome plastic pollution of agricultural soils. However, analytical limitations impede our understanding of plastic biodegradation in soils. Utilizing stable carbon isotope (13C-)labelled poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), a synthetic polyester, we herein present an analytical approach to continuously quantify PBS mineralization to 13CO2 during soil incubations and, thereafter, to determine non-mineralized PBS-derived 13C remaining in the soil. We demonstrate extensive PBS mineralization (65 % of added 13C) and a closed mass balance on PBS−13C over 425 days of incubation. Extraction of residual PBS from soils combined with kinetic modeling of the biodegradation data and results from monomer (i.e., butanediol and succinate) mineralization experiments suggest that PBS hydrolytic breakdown controlled the overall PBS biodegradation rate. Beyond PBS biodegradation in soil, the presented methodology is broadly applicable to investigate biodegradation of other biodegradable polymers in various receiving environments. This study applies stable carbon isotope labelling to study polymer biodegradation in soils. This labelling enables accurate and precise tracking of polymer carbon during biodegradation and, thereby, provides a holistic picture of this process.
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Holzmann H, Claßen D, Ackermann J, Schäffer A. Fate of 14C-labelled ionic organic chemicals in a water-sediment system and surface water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134885. [PMID: 35595110 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The persistence assessment of organic chemicals is based on neutral reference substances. Therefore, our study aimed at investigating the influence of a chemical charge on the degradation of organic compounds in a water-sediment system (OECD 308) and surface water (OECD 309). We used radiolabelled 4-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (14C-DS-, anionic), 4-n-dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (14C-DA+, cationic) and 4-n-dodecylphenol (14C-DP, non-ionic) which are structurally similar except their charges. After 120 days of incubation in a water-sediment system, 68% (14C-DS-), 6% (14C-DA+) and 63% (14C-DP) of the applied radioactivity (AR) were mineralized. The formation of non-extractable residues (NER) after 120 days was highest for 14C-DA+ (33% AR), followed by 14C-DS- (19% AR) and 14C-DP (14% AR). Dissipation half-lives (DT50) at 12 °C decreased as follows: 14C-DA+ (346 days) ≫ 14C-DS- (47 days) > 14C-DP (30 days). After 60 days of incubation in surface water with suspended sediment, mineralization of 14C-DS-, 14C-DA+ and 14C-DP accounted for 63%, 7% and 58% AR, respectively. Highest NER formation was observed for 14C-DP (21% AR), followed by 14C-DA+ (14% AR) and 14C-DS- (9% AR). DT50 (12 °C) decreased as follows: 14C-DA+ (45 days) > 14C-DP (3 days) > 14C-DS- (2 days). We showed that a positive charge reduces the degradability of organic chemicals in both test systems. From a scientific point of view, simulation studies following OECD 309 should always be complimented by tests with high sorption capacity, e.g. OECD 308 and OECD 307 tests in order to assess the degradation of a compound, especially in case of cationic organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holzmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Daniela Claßen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Section Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Juliane Ackermann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, 210093, PR China; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, PR China
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25
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Weidemann E, Lämmer R, Stahl T, Göckener B, Bücking M, Breuer J, Kowalczyk J, Just H, Boeddinghaus RS, Gassmann M. Leaching and Transformation of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diesters in Unsaturated Soil Column Studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2065-2077. [PMID: 35751449 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally ubiquitous, anthropogenic substances with adverse effects on organisms, which shows the need to study their environmental fate and leaching behavior. In the present soil columns study, the leaching behavior and fate of nontransformable and transformable (precursors) were investigated. Ten nontransformable PFAS in two different soils, two precursors and two field soils, which were already contaminated with a mixture of PFAS, and two uncontaminated controls, were set up for a time span of 2 years. At the end of the study, the molecular balance could not be closed for nontransformable PFAS. This effect was positively correlated to the fluorinated carbon chain length. The precursors, which were both polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAP), had different transformation products and transformation rates, with a higher rate for 6:2 diPAP than 8:2 diPAP. After 2 years, amounts of diPAP were still found in the soil with no significant vertical movement, showing high adsorption to soils. Transformation products were estimated to be simultaneously formed. They were predominantly found in the percolation water; the amounts left in soil were negligible. Up to half of the initial precursor amounts could not be balanced and were considered missing amounts. The results of contaminated field soil experiments showed the challenge to estimate PFAS leaching without knowing all occurring precursors and complex transformation dynamics. For this purpose, it was shown that a broad examination of contaminated soil with different analytical methods can help with qualitative estimations of leaching risks. For a better quantitative estimation, analytical determination of more PFAS and a quantification of the missing amounts are needed. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2065-2077. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weidemann
- Department of Hydrology and Substance Balance, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - René Lämmer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stahl
- Chemical and Veterinary Analytical Institute Münsterland-Emscher-Lippe, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernd Göckener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Mark Bücking
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schmallenberg, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jörn Breuer
- Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg (LTZ), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Hildegard Just
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Gassmann
- Department of Hydrology and Substance Balance, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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26
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Schäffer A, Fenner K, Wang Z, Scheringer M. To be or not to be degraded: in defense of persistence assessment of chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1104-1109. [PMID: 35822690 PMCID: PMC9384790 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the degradation behavior of chemicals in the environment is a key component of chemical hazard and risk assessment. Persistence has been successfully characterized for readily and for slowly degradable chemicals using standardized tests, but for the third group of chemicals with intermediate degradability ("middle group"), the assessment is less straightforward. Whether chemicals of this group behave as persistent or not in a given environment depends on environmental factors such as the presence of sorbents that can limit the bioavailability of chemicals. Uncertainties associated with current persistence assessments of chemicals in the middle group do not imply that persistence assessment is generally inconsistent, too ambiguous for regulatory use, and not useful in chemical hazard and risk assessment. Given the complexity of the environmental factors influencing chemical degradation, and the diversity of commercial chemicals, it has to be accepted though that for chemicals in the middle group even improved testing methods will not remove all of the immanent heterogeneity in their persistence data. For cases with widely different but technically valid persistence data, a weight-of-evidence approach is necessary and the "benefit of the doubt" should follow the precautionary principle in order to protect human and ecosystem health. We maintain that technically valid persistence data, although they might be considered dissatisfying from a scientific point of view because of high variability or even inconclusiveness, can well be sufficient for regulatory purposes. As with anything, also in persistence assessment, the scientific logic aims for a mechanistic description of the processes involved, low uncertainty, and a comprehensive understanding derived from a broad empirical basis. If the scientific logic is used as a benchmark in the regulatory context, this may easily lead to "paralysis by analysis". While regulatory decisions should be based on sound science, discrepancies between scientific goals and regulatory needs and, consequently, different levels of requirements (must-have versus nice-to-have) for degradation studies need to be recognized and appreciated. We further advocate for enhancing consistency between regulatory persistence assessments ("one substance-one assessment"), which is currently not the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, 163 Xianling Road, 210023 Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street Shapingba, 400045, Chongqing, China
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- University of Zürich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering and National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Catalysis, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Scheringer
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Zhou Y, Sun F, Wu X, Cao S, Guo X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ji R. Formation and nature of non-extractable residues of emerging organic contaminants in humic acids catalyzed by laccase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154300. [PMID: 35271924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Formation of non-extractable residues (NERs) is the major fate of most environmental organic contaminants in soil, however, there is no direct evidence yet to support the assumed physical entrapment of NERs (i.e., type I NERs) inside soil humic substances. Here, we used 14C-radiotracer and silylation techniques to analyze NERs of six emerging and traditional organic contaminants formed in a suspension of humic acids (HA) under catalysis of the oxidative enzyme laccase. Laccase induced formation of both type I and covalently bound NERs (i.e., type II NERs) of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and tetrabromobisphenol A to a large extent, and of bisphenol S (BPS) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) to a less extent, while no induction for phenanthrene. The type I NERs were formed supposedly owing to laccase-induced alteration of primary (active groups) and secondary (conformation) structure of humic supramolecules, contributing surprisingly to large extents (23.5%-65.7%) to the total NERs, particularly for BPS and SMX, which both were otherwise not transformed by laccase catalysis. Electron-withdrawing sulfonyl group and bromine substitution significantly decreased amount and kinetics of NER formation, respectively. This study provides the first direct evidence for the formation of type I NERs in humic substances and implies a "Trojan horse" effect of such NERs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000 Quanzhou, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000 Quanzhou, China.
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28
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Liu Y, Tian X, Xu H, Zhang G. Development of an online μ-matrix cartridge extraction method for fipronil extraction in contaminated soils. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1676:463258. [PMID: 35767905 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, environment fate and behavior of pesticides in soil is still not fully understood due to the lack of standardized soil extraction method. In this work, a soil-filled micro-matrix cartridge was online combined with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) through a six-way valve for the simultaneous extraction and determination of residual fipronil in soil. Compared with conventional extraction methods, such as hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction, shaking extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), three-step extraction and matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), the novel, miniaturized, and integrated online micro-matrix cartridge extraction (online μ-MCE) method exhibited better performance in terms of desorption efficiency (99.4%), analysis time, solvent consumption, sensitivity, and automation. In sequential extraction, online μ-MCE could further desorb fipronil from the extracted soil with the percentage of 1.05%-58.55%. High recovery of 92.69% obtained for the ISO certificated test-soil verified the satisfactory accuracy of the method. Besides, its wide universality was also validated in three variables: 1) various pesticides-soil interactions, 2) four types of compounds (aromatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, alcohols and aldehydes), and 3) three types of soils (sandy soil, silty loam and silty clay). The superior desorption capacity might be attributed to the instantaneously increased high-pressure, continuous flow dynamic desorption and short residence time. The present encouraging findings might shed light on new ways to develop a mild, highly efficient, reliable and one-fit-all extraction method toward pesticide contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xinmeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Ganbing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineerings, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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29
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Ji X, Challis JK, Cantin J, Cardenas Perez AS, Gong Y, Giesy JP, Brinkmann M. A novel passive sampling and sequential extraction approach to investigate desorption kinetics of emerging organic contaminants at the sediment-water interface. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118455. [PMID: 35452970 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Forms of organic contaminants is an important driver of bioavailable fraction and desorption kinetics of pollutants binding to sediments. To determine fluxes and resupply of nine environmentally-relevant antipsychotic drugs, which are emerging pollutants that can have adverse effects on aquatic organisms, interface passive samplers of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were deployed for 21 days, in situ at the sediment-water interface in submerged sandy riverbank sediments. At each deployment time, samples of sediment were collected and subjected to consecutive extraction of pore water, as well as rapidly-desorbing (labile), stable-desorbing, and bound residue fractions. Concentrations of antipsychotic drugs decreased with sediment depth with the greatest concentrations observed in the top 2 cm. Positive fluxes of antipsychotic drugs were observed from sediment to surface water. The dynamic fraction transfer model indicated that the labile fraction can be resupplied with a lag time (> 21 d). When results were further interpreted using the DGT-induced fluxes in soils and sediments (DIFS) model, partial resupply of antipsychotic drugs from sediment particles to porewater was demonstrated. Desorption occurred within the entirety of the observed 15 cm depth of sediment. Fastest rates of resupply were found for carbamazepine and lamotrigine. Size of the labile pool estimated by the DIFS model did not fully explain the observed resupply, while a first-order three-compartment kinetic model for the fast-desorbing fraction can be used to supplement DIFS predictions with estimations of labile pool size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Jenna Cantin
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ana S Cardenas Perez
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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30
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Redman AD, Bietz J, Davis JW, Lyon D, Maloney E, Ott A, Otte JC, Palais F, Parsons JR, Wang N. Moving persistence assessments into the 21st century: A role for weight-of-evidence and overall persistence. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:868-887. [PMID: 34730270 PMCID: PMC9299815 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the persistence of chemicals in the environment is a key element in existing regulatory frameworks to protect human health and ecosystems. Persistence in the environment depends on many fate processes, including abiotic and biotic transformations and physical partitioning, which depend on substances' physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. A main challenge in persistence assessment is that existing frameworks rely on simplistic and reductionist evaluation schemes that may lead substances to be falsely assessed as persistent or the other way around-to be falsely assessed as nonpersistent. Those evaluation schemes typically assess persistence against degradation half-lives determined in single-compartment simulation tests or against degradation levels measured in stringent screening tests. Most of the available test methods, however, do not apply to all types of substances, especially substances that are poorly soluble, complex in composition, highly sorptive, or volatile. In addition, the currently applied half-life criteria are derived mainly from a few legacy persistent organic pollutants, which do not represent the large diversity of substances entering the environment. Persistence assessment would undoubtedly benefit from the development of more flexible and holistic evaluation schemes including new concepts and methods. A weight-of-evidence (WoE) approach incorporating multiple influencing factors is needed to account for chemical fate and transformation in the whole environment so as to assess overall persistence. The present paper's aim is to begin to develop an integrated assessment framework that combines multimedia approaches to organize and interpret data using a clear WoE approach to allow for a more consistent, transparent, and thorough assessment of persistence. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:868-887. © 2021 ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Bietz
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbHSulzbachGermany
| | - John W. Davis
- Dow, Inc.MidlandMichiganUSA
- John Davis Consulting, LLCMidlandMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Amelie Ott
- Newcastle University, School of EngineeringNewcastle upon TyneUK
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Frédéric Palais
- SOLVAY, HSE PRA‐PS, RICL—Antenne de GenasSaint‐FonsCedexFrance
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Neil Wang
- TotalEnergies Marketing & ServicesParis la DéfenseFrance
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Cheng X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang S, Ye Q. Fate of the neonicotinoid insecticide cycloxaprid in different soils under oxic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153448. [PMID: 35093364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used pesticides worldwide due to their high toxicity to invertebrates. However, these compounds also increase the probability of environmental contamination. Cycloxaprid (CYC) is a promising neonicotinoid due to its insecticidal effectiveness and low cross resistance, but little is known about its fate in soils. Using radioisotope tracing techniques, the fate of 14C-labeled CYC enantiomers and racemic mixtures in aerobic soil was investigated in this research. After 100 d of incubation, the extractable residue (ER) of CYC decreased from 89.6% to 36.4% in red clay soil, from 46.1% to 10.1% in yellow loam soil, and from 93.2% to 12.2% in coastal saline soil. The radioactivity was substantially lower in methanol than in the other two solvents, but the distribution of CYC ER in various solvents across the three soils dramatically differed. The fraction of radioactive CYC that diffused into bound residue (BR) in the three soils increased over time to 56.8-83.0%. The variability in BR was influenced by soil properties such as organic matter concentration, pH, and residual microbial activity. Among the soils, yellow loam soil had the greatest tendency (53.0-83.0%) to form BR, while red clay soil showed the lowest capacity (7.5-61.2%). Cumulative mineralization (MI) to 14CO2 accounted for 0.12-0.23%, 6.69-7.31% and 14.82-20.06% in acidic soil, neutral soil and alkaline soil, respectively, which suggests that the environmental fate of chiral pesticides may be influenced by soil pH. No stereoselective behavior was detected in this study. These findings provide a framework to assess the environmental impact and ecological safety of CYC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Hanxue Zhang
- Shanghai Qizhen Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, 659 Maoyuan Rd, Shanghai 201403, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Hangzhou Botanical Garden, Hangzhou 310013, PR China.
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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32
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Ulrich U, Lorenz S, Hörmann G, Stähler M, Neubauer L, Fohrer N. Multiple pesticides in lentic small water bodies: Exposure, ecotoxicological risk, and contamination origin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151504. [PMID: 34785230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lentic small water bodies (LSWB) are a highly valuable landscape element with important ecosystem services and benefits for humans and the environment. However, data about their pesticide contamination dynamic and the associated ecotoxicological effects are scarce. To overcome these knowledge gaps, five LSWBs located in agricultural fields in Northern Germany were studied during the spring pesticide application period (April to July 2018) and the concentrations of 94 pesticides were measured in weekly intervals. The goals of this study were to observe the trends of pesticide contamination during the application period, assess the ecotoxicity of the contamination, and assign the findings to temporal and spatial origins. Samples contained pesticide concentrations between 0.12 and 4.83 μg L-1 as sums. High detection frequencies (81% of samples) and concentrations (max 1.2 μg L-1) were observed for metazachlor transformation products. Contamination from multiple pesticides was detected with up to 25 compounds per sample and a maximum of 37 compounds per LSWB during the entire sampling period. High toxicities for algae and macrophytes were recorded using toxic units (TU) of -0.2 to -3.5. TUs for invertebrates were generally lower than for algae/macrophytes (-2.7 to -5.2) but were also recorded at levels with ecological impacts. Pesticide detections were separated into four categories to assign them to different temporal and spatial origins. Pesticides from the spring (5-11%) and the previous autumn (0-36%) application periods were detected in the LSWB. Some pesticides could be related to the application of the previous crop on the same field (0-39%), but most of the compounds (44-85%) were not related to the crop management in the last two years on the respective LSWB fields. The relevance of different input pathways is still unknown. Particularly, the effect of long-distance transport needs to be clarified to protect aquatic biota in LSWBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Ulrich
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stefan Lorenz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kuehn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Hörmann
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Stähler
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kuehn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Straße 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lydia Neubauer
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicola Fohrer
- Institute of Natural Resource Conservation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 75, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Karimi H, Mahdavi S, Asgari Lajayer B, Moghiseh E, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Astatkie T. Insights on the bioremediation technologies for pesticide-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1329-1354. [PMID: 34476637 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast pace of increasing human population has led to enhanced crop production, due to which a significant increase in the application of pesticides has been recorded worldwide. Following the enhancement in the utilization of pesticides, the degree of environmental pollution, particularly soil pollution, has increased. To address this challenge, different methods of controlling and eliminating such contaminants have been proposed. Various methods have been reported to eradicate or reduce the degree of contamination of pesticides in the soil. Several factors are crucial for soil contamination, including pH, temperature, the number, and type/nature of soil microorganisms. Among the accessible techniques, some of them respond better to contamination removal. One of these methods is bioremediation, and it is one of the ideal solutions for pollution reduction. In this innovative technique, microorganisms are utilized to decompose environmental pollutants or to curb pollution. This paper gives detailed insight into various strategies used for the reduction and removal of soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Karimi
- Environmental Science Department, Research Institute for Grapes and Raisin (RIGR), Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Shahriar Mahdavi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Moghiseh
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Vieublé Gonod L, Dellouh LPY, Andriamalala A, Dumény V, Bergheaud V, Cambier P. Fate of sulfamethoxazole in compost, manure and soil amended with previously stored organic wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150023. [PMID: 34500268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Application of organic wastes as soil fertilizers represents an important route of agricultural soil contamination by antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Soil contamination may be influenced by the storage time of organic wastes before soil spreading. The objective of this work was to study the fate of SMX in two organic wastes, a co-compost of green waste and sewage sludge and a bovine manure, which were stored between 0 and 28 days, then incorporated in an agricultural soil that has never received organic waste and monitored for 28 days under laboratory conditions. Organic wastes were spiked with 14C-labelled SMX at two concentrations (4.77 and 48.03 mg kg-1 dry organic waste). The fate of SMX in organic wastes and soil-organic waste mixtures was monitored through the distribution of radioactivity in the mineralised, available (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin extracts), extractable (acetonitrile extracts) and non-extractable fractions. SMX dissipation in organic wastes, although partial, was due to i) incomplete degradation, which led to the formation of metabolites detected by high performance liquid chromatography, ii) weak adsorption and iii) formation of non-extractable residues. Such processes varied with the organic wastes, the manure promoting non-extractable residues, and the compost leading to an increase in extractable and non-extractable residues. Short storage does not lead to complete SMX elimination; thus, environmental contamination may occur after incorporating organic wastes into soil. After addition of organic wastes to the soil, SMX residues in the available fraction decreased quickly and were transferred to the extractable and mostly non-extractable fractions. The fate of SMX in the soil also depended on the organic wastes and on the prior storage time for manure. However the fate of SMX in the organic wastes and soil-organic waste mixtures was independent on the initial spiked concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Vieublé Gonod
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | | | - Aurore Andriamalala
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Valérie Dumény
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Valérie Bergheaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Philippe Cambier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Wang Y, Tian L, Wang L, Yan X, Shan J, Ji R. Degradation, transformation, and non-extractable residue formation of nitrated nonylphenol isomers in an oxic soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117880. [PMID: 34352632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated nonylphenols (NNPs) are main metabolites of the endocrine-disrupting nonylphenols in soil, yet their fate is unknown. Here, using four NNP isomers (NNP111, NNP112, NNP65, and NNP38), the degradation pattern of NNPs was investigated in an oxic soil for 266 days. Specifically, NNP111 was 14C-labeled to facilitate investigating its degradation, transformation, and non-extractable residue (NER) formation. NNPs degradation was isomer-specific with the decreasing order of half-life: NNP111 (126 days) > NNP112 (76 days) > NNP65 (14 days) > NNP38 (8.4 days), providing direct evidence of the greater persistence of NNPs in soil than their parent NPs. At the end of the incubation, 8.5 %, 7.3 %, and 39.9 % of 14C-NNP111 was mineralized, transformed to 2-amino-NP111, and formed NERs in active soil, respectively. In contrast, NERs in sterilized soils were significantly lower, amounting to 15.1 % and 17.3 % in autoclaved and γ-irradiated soil, respectively. The majority of the NERs (>70 %) were in humin fraction, in which type I NER was the predominant (>90 %) mode for NER formation. Our results provide comprehensive knowledge on the fate of NNPs in soil, demonstrating that isomer-specific behavior, transformation products of NNPs, and NER formation should be considered when evaluating environmental fate and risks of NNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lili Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-ecological Experimental Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023, Nanjing, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environment Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, 362000, Quanzhou, China
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36
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Claßen D, Ackermann J, Schaeffer A. Fate and behavior of 14C-labelled ionic compounds in a soil simulation test. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144970. [PMID: 33736300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of an ionic functional group on the fate and behavior of chemicals in the environment has so far not been systematically investigated. This study, therefore, examines the following three substances with high structural similarity but differing charge: non-charged 4-n-dodecylphenol[phenylring-14C(U)] (14C-DP), negatively charged 4-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonicacid[phenylring-14C(U)] sodium salt (14C-DS-) and positively charged 4-n-dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride[phenylring-14C(U)] (14C-DA+). They were investigated in a soil simulation study according to the OECD 307 test guideline by measuring the distribution of the applied radioactivity (AR) among volatile, mineralized, extractable and non-extractable residues (NER) in one soil after 0, 1, 7, 14, 49, 84 and 124 days of incubation. Extractable portions of 14C were examined by means of radio-TLC and -HPLC analyses. Microbial activity of the soil incubated with and without 14C-DP, 14C-DS- and 14C-DA+ was determined measuring the reduction of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) over time. After 124 days of incubation highest mineralization could be observed for 14C-DS- (64.5% AR). Except CO2, no volatile residues were formed over time. Besides the parent compounds, polar (14C-DP, 14C-DS- and 14C-DA+) and nonpolar (14C-DA+) transformation products were detected. Highest amounts of 14C were extracted using methanol and were thus potentially bioavailable for soil microorganisms. Microbial activity was markedly higher in soil incubated with 14C-DP and 14C-DS- compared to 14C-DA+ or soil without any treatment. Half-lives (DT50 k2) at 18 °C were as follows: DA+ (61.8 days) > DS- (18.2 days) > DP (10.0 days). In case of the cationic compound and its transformation products we conclude that a higher sorption affinity to soil particles leads to reduced bioavailability for microorganisms and thus reduced mineralization resulting in a higher persistence compared to anionic and non-charged organic compounds in soil. The impact of our findings on the persistence assessment of chemicals when performing OECD guideline tests in soil, water-sediment and surface water is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Claßen
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Section Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Juliane Ackermann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Section Chemicals, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaeffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, China
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Cueff S, Alletto L, Dumény V, Benoit P, Pot V. Adsorption and degradation of the herbicide nicosulfuron in a stagnic Luvisol and Vermic Umbrisol cultivated under conventional or conservation agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15934-15946. [PMID: 33245539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The main goals of conservation agriculture are to enhance soil fertility and reduce soil degradation, especially through erosion. However, conservation agriculture practices can increase the risk of contamination by pesticides, mainly through vertical transfer via water flow. Better understanding of their sorption and degradation processes is thus needed in conservation agriculture as they control the amount of pesticide available for vertical transfer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the sorption and degradation processes of nicosulfuron in soil profiles (up to 90 cm deep) of a Vermic Umbrisol and a Stagnic Luvisol managed either in conventional or in conservation agriculture. Two laboratory sorption and incubation experiments were performed. Low sorption was observed regardless of the soil type, agricultural management or depth, with a maximum value of 1.3 ± 2.0 L kg-1. By the end of the experiment (91 days), nicosulfuron mineralisation in the Vermic Umbrisol was similar for the two types of agricultural management and rather depended on soil depth (29.0 ± 2.3% in the 0-60-cm layers against 7.5 ± 1.4% in the 60-90 cm). In the Stagnic Luvisol, nicosulfuron mineralisation reached similar value in every layer of the conservation agriculture plot (26.5% ± 0.7%). On the conventional tillage plot, mineralisation decreased in the deepest layer (25-60 cm) reaching only 18.4 ± 6.9% of the applied nicosulfuron. Regardless of the soil type or agricultural management, non-extractable residue formation was identified as the main dissipation process of nicosulfuron (45.1 ± 8.5% and 50.2 ± 7.0% under conventional and conservation agriculture respectively after 91 days). In our study, nicosulfuron behaved similarly in the Vermic Umbrisol regardless of the agricultural management, whereas the risk of transfer to groundwater seemed lower in the Stagnic Luvisol under conservation agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixtine Cueff
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR AGIR, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Lionel Alletto
- Université de Toulouse, INRAE, UMR AGIR, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Valérie Dumény
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Pierre Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Valérie Pot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Zhu X, Song X, Schwarzbauer J. First insights into the formation and long-term dynamic behaviors of nonextractable perfluorooctanesulfonate and its alternative 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate residues in a silty clay soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143230. [PMID: 33158517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and toxic contaminants that are ubiquitous in the environment. They can incorporate into soil as nonextractable residues (NER) which are not detectable with conventional analytical protocols but are still possible to remobilize with changes of surrounding conditions, and thus will be bioavailable again. Therefore, there is a need to investigate thoroughly the long-term fate of NER-PFAS. In this study, a 240-day incubation of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and its alternative 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (F-53B) in a silty clay topsoil was carried out. Solvent extraction, alkaline hydrolysis and sequential chemical degradation were applied on periodically sampled soil to obtain extractable, moderately bound and deeply bound PFAS, respectively. The results confirmed the formation of NER of both compounds but with different preferences of incorporating mechanisms. NER-PFOS was formed predominantly by covalent binding (via head group) and strong adsorption (via tail group). The formation of NER-F-53B was mainly driven by physical entrapment. Both bound compounds within the incubation period showed three-stage behaviors including an initial period with slight release followed by a (re) incorporating stage and a subsequent remobilizing stage. This work provides some first insights on the long-term dynamic behaviors of nonextractable PFAS and will be conducive to their risk assessment and remediation (e.g. estimating potential NER-PFAS level based on their free extractable level, and selecting remediation methods according to their prevailing binding mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhu
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr, 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008 Nanjing, China.
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr, 4-20, 52064 Aachen, Germany.
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Zhang JJ, Yang H. Advance in Methodology and Strategies To Unveil Metabolic Mechanisms of Pesticide Residues in Food Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2658-2667. [PMID: 33645212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c08122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues are a food safety concern. A good detection method is critical for rapid and accurate determination of pesticide metabolites in crops and studying metabolism. The pretreatment methods have mainly been ultrasonic extraction-solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS, while detection methods have been radio-chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. This perspective briefed the progress of analytical methods used for studying pesticide transformation in crops over the past decade. With the combination of the characteristics of the pesticide molecular structure and the transformation principles of pesticides in crops, we presented specific methods for elucidating new metabolites and the approaches to identify metabolites using multi-high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Zhao S, Zhang R, Dai Y, Zhang C, Jia H, Guo X. How important is abiotic dissipation in natural attenuation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143687. [PMID: 33261877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural attenuation capacity, as one of the most important ecosystem functions in soil, plays a vital role in the detoxification of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, despite the role of biodegradation is established, the contribution of abiotic dissipation to natural attenuation has long been overlooked. Herein, the abiotic dissipations of 16 types of PAHs in a past coking site and of anthracene (ANT) in various cultivated soils were studied. Results showed that the contributions of abiotic dissipation to the total attenuation were in a wide range from 11.8 to 99.7% depending on the types of PAHs. Specifically, abiotic dissipation is higher for heavy PAHs (68.3-99.7%) than for light PAHs (11.8-71.5%), with the exception of ANT (80.7%). Similarly, the contribution of abiotic dissipation to ANT attenuation ranged from 30.7 to 68.6% in eight soils. The abiotic dissipation rate of ANT followed the order of lateritic-red earth > gray-desery soil > coastal solonchaks > cumulated-irrigated soil > cinnamon soil > fluvo-aquic soil > purplish soil ~ yellow-brown earth, which was positively correlated with transition metal contents in soils. These findings demonstrated that the abiotic dissipation of PAHs is determined by both molecule properties and soil types. Overall, this work provided valuable insights into clarifying the roles of abiotic dissipation in PAH attenuation in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yunchao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xuetao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Holzmann H, Simeoni A, Schäffer A. Influence of chemical charge on the fate of organic chemicals in sediment particle size fractions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129105. [PMID: 33261835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of differently sized particle fractions on the fate of ionic chemicals in water-sediment systems, we performed simulation studies following OECD guideline 308. We used 14C-labelled anionic (4-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, '14C-DS-'), cationic (4-n-dodecylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, '14C-DA+') and non-ionic (4-n-dodecylphenol, '14C-DP') organic chemicals. The sediment was subjected to particle size fractionation. For each particle fraction and test compound, water-sediment systems were prepared and incubated for 14 days. Across all particle fractions, higher amounts of applied radioactivity (AR) of 14C-DS- (in sand 60.1%, in silt 45.1%, in clay 57.0%) and of 14C-DP (sand: 31.8%, silt: 24.4%, clay: 29.2%) were mineralised compared to 14C-DA+ (sand: 5.1% AR, silt: 3.5% AR, clay: 2.4% AR). The highest bioavailability was observed for 14C-DS- followed by 14C-DP and 14C-DA+ across all particle fractions. Formation of non-extractable residues (NER) of 14C-DS- did not substantially differ between the particle fractions, whereas NER formation of 14C-DA+ was higher in the clay fraction (24.3% AR) than in silt (15.9% AR) and sand (8.4% AR). The same trend was observed for 14C-DP. We showed that differently sized particle fractions have an influence on the fate of ionic chemicals in water-sediment systems and conclude that this should be considered when simulation studies in soils and sediments with different textural compositions are performed. Since a positive charge of organic chemicals tends to form higher portions of NER in the clay fraction of sediments, these NER should be further investigated in terms of their nature and types of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holzmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Simeoni
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, 210093, PR China; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, PR China
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Luks AK, Zegarski T, Nowak KM, Miltner A, Kästner M, Matthies M, Schmidt B, Schäffer A. Fate of pendimethalin in soil and characterization of non-extractable residues (NER). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141870. [PMID: 33207453 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One important route of degradation of herbicide pendimethalin in soil leads to formation of non-extractable residues (NER). To investigate NER nature (irreversibly, chemically bound, including possible biogenic NER, or strongly sorbed and entrapped) residues of 14C-labelled pendimethalin in soil were investigated after conventional extraction with organic solvents by silylation. After 400 days of incubation, 32.0% of applied radioactivity (AR) was transformed into NER, 39.9% AR remained extractable. Mineralization reached 26.2% AR. Additionally, 14C-pendimethalin was incubated in soil amended with compost for 217 days to investigate the influence of organic amendments on NER formation. NER amounted to 37.8% AR, with 57.9% AR remaining extractable. Mineralization was negligible (1.4% AR). For all sampling times only low amounts of radioactivity were entrapped (<5% AR) in soil without compost amendment. Pendimethalin was present only in trace amounts (ca. 0.4% AR), other released residues consisted of undefined fractions (sum ≈2% AR). In soil amended with compost, silylation overall resulted in release of higher amounts of radioactivity (19% AR). Addition of compost led to an increase in potential entrapment and sorption sites for pendimethalin, forming higher amounts of strongly sorbed, entrapped residues. Furthermore, potential release of non-extractable pendimethalin residues was investigated by incubation of solvent-extracted soil (without compost amendment) mixed with fresh soil for additional 3 months. NER were partly mineralized (7% AR) and 20% became extractable with organic solvents. However, no pendimethalin or any known metabolites were found. It can be concluded that no parent pendimethalin was found and NER of pendimethalin in soil are mainly formed by covalent binding to organic matrix with only low potential of remobilization under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Luks
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thordis Zegarski
- UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karolina M Nowak
- Chair of Geobiotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Miltner
- UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kästner
- UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Matthies
- Institute of Environmental Systems Research, University Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 12, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schmidt
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Holzmann H, Prehm MS, Schäffer A. Comparison of different versions of simulation studies following OECD 309 using 14C-labelled ionic compounds - Does it make a difference? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:142101. [PMID: 33207483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simulation studies following OECD guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test) are performed to determine the biodegradation of chemicals in surface water. The aim of our study was to perform different versions of this test to identify possible shortcomings. In order to investigate the influence of a chemical charge on the degradation, we used 14C-labelled 4-n-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (14C-DS-), 4-n-dodecylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride (14C-DA+) and 4-n-dodecylphenol (14C-DP) Additionally, abiotic degradation of these compounds and the effectiveness of different sterilization methods was assessed. The sampling technique of withdrawing sub-samples provided insufficient recoveries for 14C-DS- and 14C-DP which were mainly below 80% of applied radioactivity (AR). Therefore, the suspended sediment test was repeated using 14C-DS-, 14C-DA+ and 14C-DP and whole flasks were harvested at each sampling time resulting in superior recoveries. For 14C-DS- and 14C-DP, mineralisation was the major route of dissipation with 14CO2 evolution of 75.3% and 69.0% AR, respectively, after 62 days. Mineralisation of 14C-DA+ accounted for only 6.7% AR. Non-extractable residues (NER) of all compounds were similar after 62 days (7.3% - 9.2% AR). Sterile test conditions were best achieved using γ-irradiated sediment and autoclaved water treated with sodium azide. Under sterile conditions, mineralisation of the test compounds as well as NER formation of 14C-DS- and 14C-DP were negligible, whereas small amounts of NER were formed for 14C-DA+ (5.5% AR). We showed that OECD guideline 309 provides too much scope for the experimental setup which affects the outcome of the test and thus, needs further refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Holzmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Maike Sophia Prehm
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Chongqing University, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing, PR China
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Gómez-Flores P, Gutiérrez-Rojas M, Gómez SA, González I. Sequential solvent extraction as a tool for evaluating hydrocarbons speciation in soil after electrochemical treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141802. [PMID: 32890830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soluble and total extractable concentrations used for predicting contaminants' environmental fate may lead to uncertainties due to the lack of understanding of soil-contaminants interactions. The present study focuses on the influence of a controlled electric field on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples evaluated through a speciation scheme. Soil samples were spiked with 25,000 mg (hexadecane, phenanthrene, and pyrene 100:1:1 w/w) per kg of soil, and speciation of hydrocarbons was determined by employing a novel Sequential Solvent Extraction procedure, resulting in five fractions: soluble, pseudosoluble, desorbable, extractable, and sequestered. The distribution of hydrocarbons was then changed through the application of an electric field (72 h, 0.708 mA cm-2, 2.95 ± 0.13 V cm-1), which modified the interactions in the soil-water interface. The electrochemical treatment significantly increased the pyrene soluble, desorbable and sequestered fractions by 340, 1.3 and 19-fold (p < 0.05); the hexadecane soluble fraction increased in 6-fold (p < 0.05) and the phenanthrene desorbable fraction increased in 1.3-fold (p < 0.05). The use of the speciation scheme proposed in this study provides a wider view of hydrocarbons distribution in soils, rather than using water-soluble or total extractable concentrations. Finally, this speciation scheme is proposed as a tool to evaluate the environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gómez-Flores
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mariano Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico.
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Ding Y, Li L, Wania F, Zhang Y, Huang H, Liao T, Liu J, Qi S. Formation of non-extractable residues as a potentially dominant process in the fate of PAHs in soil: Insights from a combined field and modeling study on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115383. [PMID: 32858438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whereas non-extractable residue (NER) formation is recognized as an important process affecting the ecological risk of organic contaminants in soils, it is commonly neglected in regional-scale multi-media models assessing chemical environmental fate and risk. We used a combined field and modeling study to elucidate the relative importance of NER formation to the reduction in available organic contaminants compared with fate processes commonly considered in risk assessment models (volatilization, leaching, and biodegradation). Specifically, four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), i.e., phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP), were spiked and measured in a one-year field pot experiment at four sites with diverse environmental conditions on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The rate of NER formation was derived as the difference between the overall rate of decline in total-extractable PAH concentrations, obtained by fitting a biphasic first-order model to the measured concentrations, and the sum of the calculated rates of volatilization, leaching, and biodegradation. Our work shows that the total-extractable PAH concentration undergoes a rapid decline and a slow decline, with shorter overall half-lives (especially for BaP and BghiP) than those observed in earlier studies. Generally, NER formation was assessed to be the dominant contributor (64 ± 33%) to the overall decline of PAHs, followed by biodegradation (35 ± 32%); volatilization and leaching were the smallest contributors. In particular, heavier PAHs (i.e. BaP and BghiP) tend to have shorter half-lives in the rapid and the overall decline phase, indicating that the erroneous estimation of environmental fate and risks might be more pronounced for organic contaminants with a large molecular size. The trend of overall decline rates of PAHs displayed a combined effect of NER formation and biodegradation. This work indicates the need to consider NER formation as a process in multi-media models of chemical fate and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada; School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Tauchnitz N, Kurzius F, Rupp H, Schmidt G, Hauser B, Schrödter M, Meissner R. Assessment of pesticide inputs into surface waters by agricultural and urban sources - A case study in the Querne/Weida catchment, central Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115186. [PMID: 32889519 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide inputs into surface waters may cause harmful effects on aquatic life communities and substantially contribute to environmental pollution. The present study aimed at evaluating the input pathways in the Querne/Weida catchment (central Germany) to efficiently target mitigation measures of pesticide losses. Relevant pesticide substances were measured in surface waters in agricultural and urban surroundings and in soil samples within the catchment area. Pesticides application data from farmers were analyzed. Additionally, batch tests were performed to determine sorption and degradation of relevant pesticides for site specific soil properties. Frequency of detection, number of pesticides and maximum concentrations were much higher in the surface water samples in mainly urban surroundings compared to those in agricultural surrounding. The most frequently detected substances were glyphosate, AMPA, diflufenican and tebuconazole in surface water samples and diflufenican, boscalid, tebuconazole and epoxiconazole in the topsoil samples. Glyphosate and AMPA contributed to the highest concentrations in surface water samples (max. 58 μg L-1) and soil samples (max. 0.19 mg kg-1). In most cases, pesticide detections in surface water and soil were not consistent with application data from farmers, indicating that urban sources may affect water quality in the catchment area substantially. However, it was observed that pesticide substances remain in the soil over a long time supported by sorption on the soil matrix. Therefore, delayed inputs into surface waters could be suspected. For the implementation of reduction measures, both urban and agricultural sources should be considered. Novel findings of the study: pesticide detections were not consistent with application data from farmers, urban sources contributed substantially to pesticide pollution of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Tauchnitz
- State Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture Saxony-Anhalt, Centre for Agronomy and Crop Production, Strenzfelder Allee 22, 06406, Bernburg, Germany.
| | - Florian Kurzius
- BGD ECOSAX GmbH, Tiergartenstraße 48, 01219, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Rupp
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Dept. of Soil System Science, Lysimeter Station, Falkenberg 55, D-39615, Altmärkische Wische, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmidt
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Geosciences and Geography, Geology, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120, Halle (S.), Germany
| | - Barbara Hauser
- State Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture Saxony-Anhalt, Centre for Agricultural Analyses, Schiepziger Strasse 29, 06120, Halle (S.), Germany
| | - Matthias Schrödter
- State Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture Saxony-Anhalt, Centre for Agronomy and Crop Production, Strenzfelder Allee 22, 06406, Bernburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Meissner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Dept. of Soil System Science, Lysimeter Station, Falkenberg 55, D-39615, Altmärkische Wische, Germany
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Cao S, Wang S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Ma Y, Schäffer A, Ji R. Fate of bisphenol S (BPS) and characterization of non-extractable residues in soil: Insights into persistence of BPS. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105908. [PMID: 32615349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate and persistence of bisphenol S (BPS), a substitute for bisphenol A (BPA), are unclear. This study used 14C-labeled BPS to examine the fate, biodegradation, and residue properties of BPS incubated in an oxic soil for 28 days. BPS dissipated quickly, with a half-life of 2.8 days. Most of the BPS was mineralized (53.6 ± 0.2% of initial amount by day 28) or transformed into non-extractable residues (NERs) (45.1 ± 0.3%), with generation of minor extractable residues (3.7 ± 0.2%) containing two metabolites. NERs were formed mainly via physico-chemical entrapment (51.1 ± 2.4% of the total NERs, consisting almost exclusively of BPS) and ester-linkages (31.5 ± 3.0% of the total NERs, consisting of both BPS and polar metabolites). When mixed with fresh soil, BPS-derived NERs became unstable and bioavailable. Subsequent mineralization was determined for 19.5 ± 1.1% of the total NERs and 35.5 ± 2.6% of the physico-chemically entrapped BPS. A fate model was used to describe the kinetics of NER formation, which indicated that microbial activity in soil could have strongly reduced the kinetic rate of the release of physico-chemically entrapped NERs into free form and therefore increased the stability of this type of NERs in soil. Our results provide unique insights into the fate of BPS in soil and suggest that while BPS is biodegradable, it includes the formation of large amounts of reversibly physico-chemically entrapped and covalently bound ester-linked NERs. The instability of these NERs should be considered in assessments on environmental persistence and risks of BPS. Our study also points out the environmental importance of NERs of agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Songfeng Wang
- Institue of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshanmenwai Qianhuhoucun 1, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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Terzaghi E, Vergani L, Mapelli F, Borin S, Raspa G, Zanardini E, Morosini C, Anelli S, Nastasio P, Sale VM, Armiraglio S, Di Guardo A. New Data Set of Polychlorinated Dibenzo- p-dioxin and Dibenzofuran Half-Lives: Natural Attenuation and Rhizoremediation Using Several Common Plant Species in a Weathered Contaminated Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10000-10011. [PMID: 32687327 PMCID: PMC8009521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new data set of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) half-lives (HLs) in soil is presented. Data are derived from a greenhouse experiment performed with an aged contaminated soil under semi-field conditions, obtained from a National Relevance Site (SIN) located in Northern Italy (SIN Brescia-Caffaro). Ten different treatments (combination of seven plant species with different soil conditions) were considered together with the respective controls (soil without plants). The ability of the plants to stimulate the biodegradation of these compounds was evaluated by measuring the PCDD/F concentration reduction in soil over a period of 18 months. The formation of new bound residues was excluded by using roots as a passive sampler of bioaccessible concentrations. The best treatment which significantly reduced PCDD/F concentrations in soil was the one with Festuca arundinacea (about 11-24% reduction, depending on the congener). These decreases reflected in HLs ranging from 2.5 to 5.8 years. Simulations performed with a dynamic air-vegetation-soil model (SoilPlusVeg) confirmed that these HLs were substantially due to biodegradation rather than other loss processes. Because no coherent PCDD/F degradation HL data sets are currently available for soil, they could substantially improve the predictions of soil remediation time, long-range transport, and food chain transfer of these chemicals using multimedia fate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Terzaghi
- DiSAT, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vergani
- DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | | | - Sara Borin
- DeFENS, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raspa
- DICMA, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Armiraglio
- Municipality
of Brescia—Museum of Natural Sciences, Via Ozanam 4, Brescia 25128, Italy
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Reia MY, Leal RMP, Tornisielo VL, Viana DG, Regitano JB. Sulfadiazine dissipation in acidic tropical soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:21243-21251. [PMID: 32270450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfadiazine (SDZ) residues have been detected in manured soils as well as their adjacent water resources, but its behavior is still poorly understood in acidic tropical soils. This research aimed to evaluate sorption, leaching, and biodegradation of 14C-SDZ in four acidic soils from Brazil, using OECD guidelines. Except for the sand soil (Kd = 2.6 L kg-1), SDZ sorption tended to be higher (Kd > 8.4 L kg-1) and more hysteretic (ΔH >> 1) in acidic soils. When freshly applied, SDZ leaching was low (< 0.11% of applied radioactivity (AR)) and could not always be predicted by Kd values; but leaching was restricted when SDZ was aged for 62 days. SDZ mineralization was low (< 3%) but its dissipation was fast (DT50 < 2.3 days and DT90 < 6.3 days) due to fast initial degradation (an unknown metabolite was immediately formed, likely 4-hydroxysulfadiazine) and mainly to fast formation of non-extractable residues (NER) (> 78% of AR up to 7 days). For certain acidic soils, the abrupt breakdown of the SDZ suggests that degradation should be initially chemical and then followed by enzymatically driven reactions. The fast formation of NERs was attributed mostly to chemical bounding to soil humic substances (Type II-NER), but SDZ sequestration cannot be ruled out (Type I-NER). NERs represent a long-term environmental reservoir of SDZ that may cause deleterious effects on non-target organisms as well as promote antibiotic resistance to soil microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yasbek Reia
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Marques Pereira Leal
- Goiás Federal Institute of Science, Technology, and Education, P.O. Box 66, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo - CENA/USP, P.O. Box 96, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas Gomes Viana
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jussara Borges Regitano
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz, University of São Paulo - ESALQ/USP, P.O. Box 9, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Sybertz A, Ottermanns R, Schäffer A, Scholz-Starke B, Daniels B, Frische T, Bär S, Ullrich C, Roß-Nickoll M. Simulating spray series of pesticides in agricultural practice reveals evidence for accumulation of environmental risk in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:135004. [PMID: 31911253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sybertz
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Richard Ottermanns
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Björn Scholz-Starke
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Daniels
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tobias Frische
- Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Susanne Bär
- Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | | | - Martina Roß-Nickoll
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Chair Environmental Biology and Chemodynamics, Aachen, Germany.
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