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Franchi-Mendes T, Silva M, Cartaxo AL, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Cabral JMS, da Silva CL. Bioprocessing Considerations towards the Manufacturing of Therapeutic Skeletal and Smooth Muscle Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1067. [PMID: 37760170 PMCID: PMC10525286 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches within the muscle context represent a promising emerging field to address the current therapeutic challenges related with multiple pathological conditions affecting the muscle compartments, either skeletal muscle or smooth muscle, responsible for involuntary and voluntary contraction, respectively. In this review, several features and parameters involved in the bioprocessing of muscle cells are addressed. The cell isolation process is depicted, depending on the type of tissue (smooth or skeletal muscle), followed by the description of the challenges involving the use of adult donor tissue and the strategies to overcome the hurdles of reaching relevant cell numbers towards a clinical application. Specifically, the use of stem/progenitor cells is highlighted as a source for smooth and skeletal muscle cells towards the development of a cellular product able to maintain the target cell's identity and functionality. Moreover, taking into account the need for a robust and cost-effective bioprocess for cell manufacturing, the combination of muscle cells with biomaterials and the need for scale-up envisioning clinical applications are also approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marília Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Cartaxo
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (M.S.); (A.L.C.); (A.F.-P.); (J.M.S.C.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhao J, Yang C, Liang B, Gao Y, Luo J, Zheng J, Song B, Shen W, Dong X, Dai S, Yang Z. Single-cell profiling reveals various types of interstitial cells in the bladder. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13431. [PMID: 36824020 PMCID: PMC10472517 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Clarifying the locations, molecular markers, functions and roles of bladder interstitial cells is crucial for comprehending the pathophysiology of the bladder. This research utilized human, rat and mouse bladder single-cell sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. The main cell types found in human, rat and mouse bladder tissues include epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, neurons and various immune cells. Our study identified two significant types of interstitial cells (PTN+ IGFBP6+ PI16 (CD364)+ CD34+ ) and myofibroblasts (STC1+ PLAT+ TNC+ ). These two types of interstitial cells are mainly located in the subepithelial lamina propria, between muscles and between muscle bundles. In the CYP (cyclophosphamide)-induced bladder injury mouse model, the interaction types and signals (MK, MIF, GDF and CXCL) of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts significantly increased compared with the normal group. However, in the aging mouse model, the signals CD34, LAMININ, GALECTIN, MK, SELPLG, ncWNT, HSPG, ICAM and ITGAL-ITGB2 of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts disappeared, but the signals PTN and SEMA3 significantly increased. Our findings identified two crucial types of interstitial cells in bladder tissue, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which play a significant role in normal bladder physiology, CYP-induced bladder injury and aging bladder development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chengfei Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of UrologyXiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health GroupZhejiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of urologyGeneral Hospital of Xinjiang Military CommandXinjiangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Urology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- Department of Urology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of UrologyPeople's Hospital of Shapingba DistrictChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - ShuangShuang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation Biology LaboratoryArmy Medical UniversityChongqingPeople's Republic of China
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3
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Salemi S, Schori LJ, Gerwinn T, Horst M, Eberli D. Myostatin Overexpression and Smad Pathway in Detrusor Derived from Pediatric Patients with End-Stage Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054462. [PMID: 36901894 PMCID: PMC10003571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies and tissue engineering approaches using smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may provide treatment alternatives for end-stage lower urinary tract dysfunction (ESLUTD). Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, is a promising target to improve muscle function through tissue engineering. The ultimate goal of our project was to investigate the expression of myostatin and its potential impact in SMCs derived from healthy pediatric bladders and pediatric ESLUTD patients. Human bladder tissue samples were evaluated histologically, and SMCs were isolated and characterized. The proliferation of SMCs was assessed by WST-1 assay. The expression pattern of myostatin, its pathway and the contractile phenotype of the cells were investigated at gene and protein levels by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, WES and gel contraction assay. Our results show that myostatin is expressed in human bladder smooth muscle tissue and in isolated SMCs at gene and protein levels. A higher expression of myostatin was detected in ESLUTD-derived compared to control SMCs. Histological assessment of bladder tissue confirmed structural changes and decreased muscle-to-collagen ratios in ESLUTD bladders. A decrease in cell proliferation and in the expression of key contractile genes and proteins, α-SMA, calponin, smoothelin and MyH11, as well as a lower degree of in vitro contractility was observed in ESLUTD-derived compared to control SMCs. A reduction in the myostatin-related proteins Smad 2 and follistatin, and an upregulation in the proteins p-Smad 2 and Smad 7 were observed in ESLUTD SMC samples. This is the first demonstration of myostatin expression in bladder tissue and cells. The increased expression of myostatin and the changes in the Smad pathways were observed in ESLUTD patients. Therefore, myostatin inhibitors could be considered for the enhancement of SMCs for tissue engineering applications and as a therapeutic option for patients with ESLUTD and other smooth muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzan Salemi
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-795-788-654
| | - Larissa J. Schori
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tim Gerwinn
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Eberli
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zürich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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Planta D, Gerwinn T, Salemi S, Horst M. Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction in Spinal Dysraphism: Morphological and Molecular Evidence in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043692. [PMID: 36835106 PMCID: PMC9959703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal dysraphism, most commonly myelomeningocele, is the typical cause of a neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in childhood. The structural changes in the bladder wall in spinal dysraphism already occur in the fetal period and affect all bladder wall compartments. The progressive decrease in smooth muscle and the gradual increase in fibrosis in the detrusor, the impairment of the barrier function of the urothelium, and the global decrease in nerve density, lead to severe functional impairment characterized by reduced compliance and increased elastic modulus. Children present a particular challenge, as their diseases and capabilities evolve with age. An increased understanding of the signaling pathways involved in lower urinary tract development and function could also fill an important knowledge gap at the interface between basic science and clinical implications, leading to new opportunities for prenatal screening, diagnosis, and therapy. In this review, we aim to summarize the evidence on structural, functional, and molecular changes in the NLUTD bladder in children with spinal dysraphism and discuss possible strategies for improved management and for the development of new therapeutic approaches for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Planta
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tim Gerwinn
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Souzan Salemi
- Laboratory for Urologic Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Urology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Horst
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Prospects and Challenges of Electrospun Cell and Drug Delivery Vehicles to Correct Urethral Stricture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810519. [PMID: 36142432 PMCID: PMC9502833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic modalities to treat urethral strictures are associated with several challenges and shortcomings. Therefore, significant strides have been made to develop strategies with minimal side effects and the highest therapeutic potential. In this framework, electrospun scaffolds incorporated with various cells or bioactive agents have provided promising vistas to repair urethral defects. Due to the biomimetic nature of these constructs, they can efficiently mimic the native cells’ niches and provide essential microenvironmental cues for the safe transplantation of multiple cell types. Furthermore, these scaffolds are versatile platforms for delivering various drug molecules, growth factors, and nucleic acids. This review discusses the recent progress, applications, and challenges of electrospun scaffolds to deliver cells or bioactive agents during the urethral defect repair process. First, the current status of electrospinning in urethral tissue engineering is presented. Then, the principles of electrospinning in drug and cell delivery applications are reviewed. Finally, the recent preclinical studies are summarized and the current challenges are discussed.
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Spheroids of Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells for Bladder Tissue Engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9391575. [PMID: 34805410 PMCID: PMC8601859 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9391575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based tissue engineering (TE) has been proposed to improve treatment outcomes in end-stage bladder disease, but TE approaches with 2D smooth muscle cell (SMC) culture have so far been unsuccessful. Here, we report the development of primary bladder-derived 3D SMC spheroids that outperform 2D SMC cultures in differentiation, maturation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Bladder SMC spheroids were compared with 2D cultures using live-dead staining, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to investigate culture conditions, contractile phenotype, and ECM deposition. The SMC spheroids were viable for up to 14 days and differentiated rather than proliferating. Spheroids predominantly expressed the late myogenic differentiation marker MyH11, whereas 2D SMC expressed more of the general SMC differentiation marker α-SMA and less MyH11. Furthermore, the expression of bladder wall-specific ECM proteins in SMC spheroids was markedly higher. This first establishment and analysis of primary bladder SMC spheroids are particularly promising for TE because differentiated SMCs and ECM deposition are a prerequisite to building a functional bladder wall substitute. We were able to confirm that SMC spheroids are promising building blocks for studying detrusor regeneration in detail and may provide improved function and regenerative potential, contributing to taking bladder TE a significant step forward.
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Adamowicz J, Kloskowski T, Stopel M, Gniadek M, Rasmus M, Balcerczyk D, Buhl M, Gagat M, Antosik P, Grzanka D, Sionkowska A, Drewa T, Pokrywczynska M. The development of marine biomaterial derived from decellularized squid mantle for potential application as tissue engineered urinary conduit. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111579. [PMID: 33321625 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is focusing research effort on search for new biomaterials that might be applied to create artificial urinary conduit. Nevertheless, the demanding biomechanical characteristics necessary for proper conduit function is difficult to be replicated. In this study, we are introducing novel marine biomaterial obtained by decellularization of squid mantle derived from Loligo vulgaris. Squid mantles underwent decellularization according to developed dynamic flow two-staged procedure. Efficacy of the method was confirmed by computational dynamic flow analysis. Subsequently Decellularized Squid Mantle (DSM) underwent extensive histological analysis and mechanical evaluation. Based on gained biomechanical data the computational modelling using finite element method was utilized to simulate behavior of DSM used as a urinary conduit. Taking into account potential application in reconstructive urology, the DSM was then evaluated as a scaffold for urothelial and smooth muscle cells derived from porcine urinary bladder. Conducted analysis showed that DSM created favorable environment for cells growth. In addition, due to polarized structure and natural external polysaccharide layer, it protected seeded cells from urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamowicz
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Reconstructive Urology Working Group, Young Academic Urologists, European Association of Urology, the Netherlands.
| | - T Kloskowski
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Stopel
- Department of Mechanics and Computer Methods, University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Gniadek
- Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Rasmus
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - D Balcerczyk
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Buhl
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - P Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - D Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - A Sionkowska
- Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - T Drewa
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - M Pokrywczynska
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Quelhas P, Baltazar G, Cairrao E. Characterization of culture from smooth muscle cells isolated from rat middle cerebral arteries. Tissue Cell 2020; 66:101400. [PMID: 32933705 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although human brain represents only 2% of the body mass, it uses around 20 % of the organism energy. Due to the brain's limited energy storage, the oxygen and glucose necessary to support brain functions depends on the correct blood supply. The main components of the arteries are smooth muscle cells, which are considered the main regulators of vascular tone and blood flow distribution. The information currently available on the functioning of the cerebral arteries and their cell constituents is extremely scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop an in vitro model of smooth muscle cells derived from rat middle cerebral artery. Explants were collected from rat middle cerebral artery and adhered to collagen-coated culture dishes. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that the cells present in the culture expressed α-actin, a protein characteristic of the contractile phenotype of these cells. In addition, these cells did not express the endothelial marker, vWF. To evaluate the functionality of these cells the response to contractile agents, serotonin and noradrenaline, and to relaxing agent, sodium nitroprusside was determine by Planar Cell Surface Area analysis. Together the data obtained show that the cell culture obtained through the procedure described resulted in cells presenting the markers characteristic of smooth muscle cells and maintaining the usual contractile response, indicating that the cells obtained through this may be used as a model for characterization and study of functional behavior of the middle cerebral artery, as well as interaction studies between vascular and neuronal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Quelhas
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Graça Baltazar
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Das S, Gordián-Vélez WJ, Ledebur HC, Mourkioti F, Rompolas P, Chen HI, Serruya MD, Cullen DK. Innervation: the missing link for biofabricated tissues and organs. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32550009 PMCID: PMC7275031 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innervation plays a pivotal role as a driver of tissue and organ development as well as a means for their functional control and modulation. Therefore, innervation should be carefully considered throughout the process of biofabrication of engineered tissues and organs. Unfortunately, innervation has generally been overlooked in most non-neural tissue engineering applications, in part due to the intrinsic complexity of building organs containing heterogeneous native cell types and structures. To achieve proper innervation of engineered tissues and organs, specific host axon populations typically need to be precisely driven to appropriate location(s) within the construct, often over long distances. As such, neural tissue engineering and/or axon guidance strategies should be a necessary adjunct to most organogenesis endeavors across multiple tissue and organ systems. To address this challenge, our team is actively building axon-based "living scaffolds" that may physically wire in during organ development in bioreactors and/or serve as a substrate to effectively drive targeted long-distance growth and integration of host axons after implantation. This article reviews the neuroanatomy and the role of innervation in the functional regulation of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissue and highlights potential strategies to promote innervation of biofabricated engineered muscles, as well as the use of "living scaffolds" in this endeavor for both in vitro and in vivo applications. We assert that innervation should be included as a necessary component for tissue and organ biofabrication, and that strategies to orchestrate host axonal integration are advantageous to ensure proper function, tolerance, assimilation, and bio-regulation with the recipient post-implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suradip Das
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Wisberty J. Gordián-Vélez
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mijail D. Serruya
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Axonova Medical, LLC., Philadelphia, PA USA
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10
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How to select the appropriate method(s) of cytotoxicity analysis of mammalian cells at biointerfaces: A tutorial. Biointerphases 2020; 15:031201. [DOI: 10.1116/6.0000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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11
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Development of a conductive biocomposite combining graphene and amniotic membrane for replacement of the neuronal network of tissue-engineered urinary bladder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5824. [PMID: 32242027 PMCID: PMC7118107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering allows to combine biomaterials and seeded cells to experimentally replace urinary bladder wall. The normal bladder wall however, includes branched neuronal network propagating signals which regulate urine storage and voiding. In this study we introduced a novel biocomposite built from amniotic membrane (Am) and graphene which created interface between cells and external stimuli replacing neuronal network. Graphene layers were transferred without modifying Am surface. Applied method allowed to preserve the unique bioactive characteristic of Am. Tissue engineered constructs composed from biocomposite seeded with smooth muscle cells (SMC) derived from porcine detrusor and porcine urothelial cells (UC) were used to evaluate properties of developed biomaterial. The presence of graphene layer significantly increased electrical conductivity of biocomposite. UCs and SMCs showed an organized growth pattern on graphene covered surfaces. Electrical filed stimulation (EFS) applied in vitro led additionally to increased SMCs growth and linear arrangement. 3D printed chamber equipped with 3D printed graphene based electrodes was fabricated to deliver EFS and record pressure changes caused by contracting SMCs seeded biocomposite. Observed contractile response indicated on effective SMCs stimulation mediated by graphene layer which constituted efficient cell to biomaterial interface.
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Serdinšek T, Lipovšek S, Leitinger G, But I, Stožer A, Dolenšek J. A Novel in situ Approach to Studying Detrusor Smooth Muscle Cells in Mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2685. [PMID: 32060298 PMCID: PMC7021722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to develop a novel approach to investigating mouse detrusor smooth muscle cell (SMC) physiological activity, utilizing an acute tissue dissection technique and confocal calcium imaging. The bladder of a sacrificed adult female NMRI mouse was dissected. We used light and transmission electron microscopy to assess morphology of SMCs within the tissue. Calcium imaging in individual SMCs was performed using confocal microscopy during stimulation with increasing concentrations of carbamylcholine (CCh). SMCs were identified according to their morphology and calcium activity. We determined several parameters describing the SMC responses: delays to response, recruitment, relative activity, and contraction of the tissue. CCh stimulation revealed three different SMC phenotypes: spontaneously active SMCs with and without CCh-enhanced activity and SMCs with CCh-induced activity only. SMCs were recruited into an active state in response to CCh-stimulation within a narrow range (1-25 µM); causing activation of virtually all SMCs. Maximum calcium activity of SMCs was at about 25 µM, which coincided with a visible tissue contraction. Finally, we observed shorter time lags before response onsets with higher CCh concentrations. In conclusion, our novel in situ approach proved to be a robust and reproducible method to study detrusor SMC morphology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Serdinšek
- Department of General Gynaecology and Urogynaecology, Clinic for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Saša Lipovšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, University of Maribor, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.,Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Igor But
- Department of General Gynaecology and Urogynaecology, Clinic for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia. .,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia.
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Pokrywczynska M, Rasmus M, Jundzill A, Balcerczyk D, Adamowicz J, Warda K, Buchholz L, Drewa T. Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate the molecular pattern of healing process in tissue-engineered urinary bladder: the microarray data. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:176. [PMID: 31196214 PMCID: PMC6567623 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular mechanisms underlying the regenerative process induced by stem cells in tissue-engineered urinary bladder are poorly explained. The study was performed to explore the pathways associated with regeneration process in the urinary bladder reconstructed with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs). METHODS Rat urinary bladders were reconstructed with bladder acellular matrix (BAM) (n = 52) or BAM seeded with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) (n = 52). The process of bladder healing was analyzed at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days postoperatively using macroscopic histologic and molecular techniques. Gene expression was analyzed by microarrays and confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the bladders augmented with BAM seeded with ASCs or BAM only. Pathway analysis of DEGs allows to discover numerous pathways among them Hedgehog, TGF-β, Jak-STAT, PI3-Akt, and Hippo modulated by ASCs during the healing process of tissue-engineered urinary bladder. Real-time PCR analysis confirmed upregulation of genes involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway including Shh, Gli1, Smo, Bmp2, Bmp4, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt4, Wnt5a, and Wnt10 in urinary bladders reconstructed with ASC-seeded grafts. CONCLUSION The study provided the unequivocal evidence that ASCs change the molecular pattern of healing in tissue-engineered urinary bladder and indicated which signaling pathways triggered by ASCs can be associated with the regenerative process. These pathways can be used as targets in the future studies on induced urinary bladder regeneration. Of particular interest is the Hedgehog signaling pathway that has been upregulated by ASCs during healing of tissue-engineered urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pokrywczynska
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marta Rasmus
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jundzill
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daria Balcerczyk
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karolina Warda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Buchholz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Chair of Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Marii Sklodowskiej Curie 9 Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Pokrywczyńska M, Kloskowski T, Balcerczyk D, Buhl M, Jundziłł A, Nowacki M, Męcińska‐Jundziłł K, Drewa T. Stem cells and differentiated cells differ in their sensitivity to urine in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2307-2319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pokrywczyńska
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Tomasz Kloskowski
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Daria Balcerczyk
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Monika Buhl
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Arkadiusz Jundziłł
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Collegium MedicumNicolaus Copernicus UniversityBydgoszczPoland
| | - Maciej Nowacki
- Chair and Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in TorunFranciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial HospitalBydgoszczPoland
| | - Kaja Męcińska‐Jundziłł
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell and Tissue Bank, Ludwik Rydygier's Collegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in TorunBydgoszczPoland
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Piccinini F, Tesei A, Arienti C, Bevilacqua A. Cell Counting and Viability Assessment of 2D and 3D Cell Cultures: Expected Reliability of the Trypan Blue Assay. Biol Proced Online 2017; 19:8. [PMID: 28814944 PMCID: PMC5518102 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-017-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whatever the target of an experiment in cell biology, cell counting and viability assessment are always computed. The Trypan Blue (TB) assay was proposed about a century ago and is still the most widely used method to perform cell viability analysis. Furthermore, the combined use of TB with a haemocytometer is also considered the standard approach to estimate cell population density. There are numerous research articles reporting the use of TB assays to compute cell number and viability of 2D and 3D cultures. However, the literature still lacks studies regarding the reliability of the TB assay in terms of assessment of its repeatability and reproducibility. METHODS We compared the TB assay's measurements obtained by two biologists who analysed 105 different samples in double-blind for a total of 210 counts performed. We measured: (a) the repeatability of the count performed by the same operator; (b) the reproducibility of counts performed by the two operators. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the results obtained with 2D and 3D cell cultures: we estimated an approximate variability of 5% when the TB assay was used to assess the viability of the culture, and a variability of around 20% when it was used to determine the cell population density. CONCLUSIONS The main aim of this study was to make researchers aware of potential measurement errors when TB is used with a haemocytometer for counting and viability measurements in 2D and 3D cultures. We believe that these results can help researchers to determine whether the expected reliability of the TB assay is compliant with their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Piccinini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, FC Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, FC Italy
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, FC Italy
| | - Alessandro Bevilacqua
- Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems “Ercole De Castro” (ARCES), University of Bologna, Via Toffano 2/2, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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RNAseq based transcriptomics study of SMCs from carotid atherosclerotic plaque: BMP2 and IDs proteins are crucial regulators of plaque stability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3470. [PMID: 28615715 PMCID: PMC5471186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery atherosclerosis is a risk factor to develop cerebrovascular disease. Atheroma plaque can become instable and provoke a cerebrovascular event or else remain stable as asymptomatic type. The exact mechanism involved in plaque destabilization is not known but includes among other events smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation. The goal of this study was to perform thorough analysis of gene expression differences in SMCs isolated from carotid symptomatic versus asymptomatic plaques. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of SMCs based on RNAseq technology identified 67 significant differentially expressed genes and 143 significant differentially expressed isoforms in symptomatic SMCs compared with asymptomatic. 37 of top-scoring genes were further validated by digital PCR. Enrichment and network analysis shows that the gene expression pattern of SMCs from stable asymptomatic plaques is suggestive for an osteogenic phenotype, while that of SMCs from unstable symptomatic plaque correlates with a senescence-like phenotype. Osteogenic-like phenotype SMCs may positively affect carotid atheroma plaque through participation in plaque stabilization via bone formation processes. On the other hand, plaques containing senescence-like phenotype SMCs may be more prone to rupture. Our results substantiate an important role of SMCs in carotid atheroma plaque disruption.
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