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Poladyan A, Trchounian K, Paloyan A, Minasyan E, Aghekyan H, Iskandaryan M, Khoyetsyan L, Aghayan S, Tsaturyan A, Antranikian G. Valorization of whey-based side streams for microbial biomass, molecular hydrogen, and hydrogenase production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12609-x. [PMID: 37289241 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Side streams of the dairy industry are a suitable nutrient source for cultivating microorganisms, producing enzymes, and high-value chemical compounds. The heterotrophic Escherichia coli and chemolithoautotroph Ralstonia eutropha are of major biotechnological interest. R. eutropha is a model organism for producing O2-tolerant [NiFe]-hydrogenases (Hyds) (biocatalysts), and E. coli has found widespread use as an expression platform for producing recombinant proteins, molecular hydrogen (H2), and other valuable products. Aiming at developing suitable cultivation media from side streams of the dairy industry, the pre-treatment (filtration, dilution, and pH adjustment) of cheese (sweet) whey (SW) and curd (acid) whey (AW), with and without the use of ß-glucosidase, has been performed. Growth parameters (oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH changes, specific growth rate, biomass formation) of E. coli BW25113 and R. eutropha H16 type strains were monitored during cultivation on filtered and non-filtered SW and AW at 37 °C, pH 7.5 and 30 °C, pH 7.0, respectively. Along with microbial growth, measurements of pH and ORP indicated good fermentative growth. Compared to growth on fructose-nitrogen minimal salt medium (control), a maximum cell yield (OD600 4.0) and H2-oxidizing Hyd activity were achieved in the stationary growth phase for R. eutropha. Hyd-3-dependent H2 production by E. coli utilizing whey as a growth substrate was demonstrated. Moreover, good biomass production and prolonged H2 yields of ~ 5 mmol/L and cumulative H2 ~ 94 mL g/L dry whey (DW) (ß-glucosidase-treated) were observed during the cultivation of the engineered E. coli strain. These results open new avenues for effective whey treatment using thermostable β-glucosidase and confirm whey as an economically viable commodity for biomass and biocatalyst production. KEY POINTS: • Archaeal thermostable β-glucosidase isolated from the metagenome of a hydrothermal spring was used for lactose hydrolysis in whey. • Hydrogenase enzyme activity was induced during the growth of Ralstonia eutropha H16 on whey. • Enhanced biomass and H2 production was shown in a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poladyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - Karen Trchounian
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ani Paloyan
- SPC "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ela Minasyan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hayarpi Aghekyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Meri Iskandaryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia, 1 A. Manoukian Str, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Sargis Aghayan
- Research Institute of Biology, Biology Faculty, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Avetis Tsaturyan
- SPC "Armbiotechnology" NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Technical Biocatalysis, Hamburg, Germany
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Kalathinathan P, Sain A, Pulicherla K, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. A Review on the Various Sources of β-Galactosidase and Its Lactose Hydrolysis Property. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:122. [PMID: 36862237 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that possesses both hydrolytic and transgalactosylation properties and has several benefits and advantages in the food and dairy industries. The catalytic process of β-galactosidase involves the transfer of a sugar residue from a glycosyl donor to an acceptor via a double-displacement mechanism. Hydrolysis prevails when water acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of lactose-free products. Transgalactosylation prevails when lactose acts as an acceptor, resulting in the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. β-Galactosidase is also obtained from many sources including bacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and animals. However, depending on the origin of the β-galactosidase, the monomer composition and their bonds may differ, thereby influencing their properties and prebiotic efficacy. Thus, the increasing demand for prebiotics in the food industry and the search for new oligosaccharides have compelled researchers to search for novel sources of β-galactosidase with diverse properties. In this review, we discuss the properties, catalytic mechanisms, various sources and lactose hydrolysis properties of β-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kalathinathan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Avtar Sain
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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