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Tripodi P. Application of High-Resolution Melting and DNA Barcoding for Discrimination and Taxonomy Definition of Rocket Salad ( Diplotaxis spp.) Species. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1594. [PMID: 37628645 PMCID: PMC10454437 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA barcoding regions are useful for plant identification, breeding, and phylogenesis. In this study, the genetic diversity of 17 Diplotaxis species, was investigated with 5 barcode markers. The allelic variation was based on the sequences of chloroplast DNA markers including the spacer between trnL and trnF and tRNA-Phe gene (trnL-F), the rubisco (rbcl), the maturase K (matk), as well as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. A highly polymorphic marker (HRM500) derived from a comparison of cytoplasmic genome sequences in Brassicaceae, was also included. Subsequently, a real-time PCR method coupled with HRM analysis was implemented to better resolve taxonomic relationships and identify assays suitable for species identification. Integration of the five barcode regions revealed a grouping of the species according to the common chromosomal set number. Clusters including species with n = 11 (D. duveryrieriana or cretacea, D. tenuifolia, D. simplex and D. acris), n = 8 (D. ibicensis, D. brevisiliqua and D. ilorcitana), and n = 9 (D. brachycarpa, D. virgata, D. assurgens, and D. berthautii) chromosomes were identified. Both phylogenetic analysis and the genetic structure of the collection identified D. siifolia as the most distant species. Previous studies emphasized this species' extremely high glucosinolate content, particularly for glucobrassicin. High-resolution melting analysis showed specific curve patterns useful for the discrimination of the species, thus determining ITS1 as the best barcode for fingerprinting. Findings demonstrate that the approach used in this study is effective for taxa investigations and genetic diversity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Tripodi
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
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2
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Costa FP, Schrago CG, Mello B. Assessing the relative performance of fast molecular dating methods for phylogenomic data. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:798. [PMID: 36460948 PMCID: PMC9719170 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing techniques produced a significant growth of phylogenomic datasets. This massive amount of data represents a computational challenge for molecular dating with Bayesian approaches. Rapid molecular dating methods have been proposed over the last few decades to overcome these issues. However, a comparative evaluation of their relative performance on empirical data sets is lacking. We analyzed 23 empirical phylogenomic datasets to investigate the performance of two commonly employed fast dating methodologies: penalized likelihood (PL), implemented in treePL, and the relative rate framework (RRF), implemented in RelTime. They were compared to Bayesian analyses using the closest possible substitution models and calibration settings. We found that RRF was computationally faster and generally provided node age estimates statistically equivalent to Bayesian divergence times. PL time estimates consistently exhibited low levels of uncertainty. Overall, to approximate Bayesian approaches, RelTime is an efficient method with significantly lower computational demand, being more than 100 times faster than treePL. Thus, to alleviate the computational burden of Bayesian divergence time inference in the era of massive genomic data, molecular dating can be facilitated using the RRF, allowing evolutionary hypotheses to be tested more quickly and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Costa
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XDepartment of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617 Brazil
| | - Carlos G. Schrago
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XDepartment of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617 Brazil
| | - Beatriz Mello
- grid.8536.80000 0001 2294 473XDepartment of Genetics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-617 Brazil
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Rushworth CA, Wagner MR, Mitchell-Olds T, Anderson JT. The Boechera model system for evolutionary ecology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1939-1961. [PMID: 36371714 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Model systems in biology expand the research capacity of individuals and the community. Closely related to Arabidopsis, the genus Boechera has emerged as an important ecological model owing to the ability to integrate across molecular, functional, and eco-evolutionary approaches. Boechera species are broadly distributed in relatively undisturbed habitats predominantly in western North America and provide one of the few experimental systems for identification of ecologically important genes through genome-wide association studies and investigations of selection with plants in their native habitats. The ecologically, evolutionarily, and agriculturally important trait of apomixis (asexual reproduction via seeds) is common in the genus, and field experiments suggest that abiotic and biotic environments shape the evolution of sex. To date, population genetic studies have focused on the widespread species B. stricta, detailing population divergence and demographic history. Molecular and ecological studies show that balancing selection maintains genetic variation in ~10% of the genome, and ecological trade-offs contribute to complex trait variation for herbivore resistance, flowering phenology, and drought tolerance. Microbiome analyses have shown that host genotypes influence leaf and root microbiome composition, and the soil microbiome influences flowering phenology and natural selection. Furthermore, Boechera offers numerous opportunities for investigating biological responses to global change. In B. stricta, climate change has induced a shift of >2 weeks in the timing of first flowering since the 1970s, altered patterns of natural selection, generated maladaptation in previously locally-adapted populations, and disrupted life history trade-offs. Here we review resources and results for this eco-evolutionary model system and discuss future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maggie R Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Kansas Biological Survey and Center for Ecological Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | | | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Brassica and Sinapis Seeds in Medieval Archaeological Sites: An Example of Multiproxy Analysis for Their Identification and Ethnobotanical Interpretation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162100. [PMID: 36015403 PMCID: PMC9412621 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The genus Brassica includes some of the most important vegetable and oil crops worldwide. Many Brassica seeds (which can show diagnostic characters useful for species identification) were recovered from two archaeological sites in northern Italy, dated from between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. We tested the combined use of archaeobotanical keys, ancient DNA barcoding, and references to ancient herbarium specimens to address the issue of diagnostic uncertainty. An unequivocal conventional diagnosis was possible for much of the material recovered, with the samples dominated by five Brassica species and Sinapis. The analysis using ancient DNA was restricted to the seeds with a Brassica-type structure and deployed a variant of multiplexed tandem PCR. The quality of diagnosis strongly depended on the molecular locus used. Nevertheless, many seeds were diagnosed down to species level, in concordance with their morphological identification, using one primer set from the core barcode site (matK). The number of specimens found in the Renaissance herbaria was not high; Brassica nigra, which is of great ethnobotanical importance, was the most common taxon. Thus, the combined use of independent means of species identification is particularly important when studying the early use of closely related crops, such as Brassicaceae.
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Sun J, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang R, Liu K, Li E, Qiao P, Shi L, Dong W, Huang L, Guo L. Phylogenomics and Genetic Diversity of Arnebiae Radix and Its Allies ( Arnebia, Boraginaceae) in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920826. [PMID: 35755641 PMCID: PMC9218939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arnebiae Radix is a traditional medicine with pleiotropic properties that has been used for several 100 years. There are five species of Arnebia in China, and the two species Arnebia euchroma and Arnebia guttata are the source plants of Arnebiae Radix according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Molecular markers that permit species identification and facilitate studies of the genetic diversity and divergence of the wild populations of these two source plants have not yet been developed. Here, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of 56 samples of five Arnebia species using genome skimming methods. The Arnebia chloroplast genomes exhibited quadripartite structures with lengths from 149,539 and 152,040 bp. Three variable markers (rps16-trnQ, ndhF-rpl32, and ycf1b) were identified, and these markers exhibited more variable sites than universal chloroplast markers. The phylogenetic relationships among the five Arnebia species were completely resolved using the whole chloroplast genome sequences. Arnebia arose during the Oligocene and diversified in the middle Miocene; this coincided with two geological events during the late Oligocene and early Miocene: warming and the progressive uplift of Tianshan and the Himalayas. Our analyses revealed that A. euchroma and A. guttata have high levels of genetic diversity and comprise two and three subclades, respectively. The two clades of A. euchroma exhibited significant genetic differences and diverged at 10.18 Ma in the middle Miocene. Three clades of A. guttata diverged in the Pleistocene. The results provided new insight into evolutionary history of Arnebia species and promoted the conservation and exploitation of A. euchroma and A. guttata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangjia Liu
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Enze Li
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu H, Zhao W, Hua W, Liu J. A large-scale population based organelle pan-genomes construction and phylogeny analysis reveal the genetic diversity and the evolutionary origins of chloroplast and mitochondrion in Brassica napus L. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:339. [PMID: 35501686 PMCID: PMC9063048 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allotetraploid oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an important worldwide oil-producing crop. The origin of rapeseed is still undetermined due to the lack of wild resources. Despite certain genetic architecture and phylogenetic studies have been done focus on large group of Brassica nuclear genomes, the organelle genomes information under global pattern is largely unknown, which provide unique material for phylogenetic studies of B. napus. Here, based on de novo assemblies of 1,579 B. napus accessions collected globally, we constructed the chloroplast and mitochondrial pan-genomes of B. napus, and investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships of B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea. RESULTS Based on mitotype-specific markers and mitotype-variant ORFs, four main cytoplasmic haplotypes were identified in our groups corresponding the nap, pol, ole, and cam mitotypes, among which the structure of chloroplast genomes was more conserved without any rearrangement than mitochondrial genomes. A total of 2,092 variants were detected in chloroplast genomes, whereas only 326 in mitochondrial genomes, indicating that chloroplast genomes exhibited a higher level of single-base polymorphism than mitochondrial genomes. Based on whole-genome variants diversity analysis, eleven genetic difference regions among different cytoplasmic haplotypes were identified on chloroplast genomes. The phylogenetic tree incorporating accessions of the B. rapa, B. oleracea, natural and synthetic populations of B. napus revealed multiple origins of B. napus cytoplasm. The cam-type and pol-type were both derived from B. rapa, while the ole-type was originated from B. oleracea. Notably, the nap-type cytoplasm was identified in both the B. rapa population and the synthetic B. napus, suggesting that B. rapa might be the maternal ancestor of nap-type B. napus. CONCLUSIONS The phylogenetic results provide novel insights into the organelle genomic evolution of Brassica species. The natural rapeseeds contained at least four cytoplastic haplotypes, of which the predominant nap-type might be originated from B. rapa. Besides, the organelle pan-genomes and the overall variation data offered useful resources for analysis of cytoplasmic inheritance related agronomical important traits of rapeseed, which can substantially facilitate the cultivation and improvement of rapeseed varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Chloroplast Genome Evolution and Species Identification of Styrax (Styracaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5364094. [PMID: 35252450 PMCID: PMC8893999 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5364094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The genus Styrax L. consists of approximately 130 species distributed in the Americas, eastern Asia, and the Mediterranean region. The phylogeny and evolutionary history of this genus are not clear. Knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships and the method for species identification will be critical for the evolution of this genus. In this study, we sequenced the chloroplast genome of 17 Styrax samples and added 17 additional chloroplast genome sequences from GenBank. The data were used to investigate chloroplast genome evolution, infer phylogenetic relationships, and access the species identification rate within Styrax. The Styrax chloroplast genome contains typical quadripartite structures, ranging from 157,641 bp to 159,333 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 114 unique genes. The P distance among the Styrax species ranged from 0.0003 to 0.00611. Seventeen small inversions and SSR sites were discovered in the Styrax chloroplast genome. By comparing with the chloroplast genome sequences, six mutation hotspots were identified, and the markers ycf1b and trnT-trnL were identified as the best Styrax-specific DNA barcodes. The specific barcodes and superbarcode exhibited higher discriminatory power than universal barcodes. Chloroplast phylogenomic results improved the resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of Styrax compared to previous analyses.
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Chen L, Ren W, Zhang B, Chen W, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Lv H, Wang Y, Ji J, Zhang Y. Organelle Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Novel Alloplasmic Male Sterility with orf112 in Brassica oleracea L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413230. [PMID: 34948024 PMCID: PMC8703919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B. oleracea Ogura CMS is an alloplasmic male-sterile line introduced from radish by interspecific hybridization and protoplast fusion. The introduction of alien cytoplasm resulted in many undesirable traits, which affected the yield of hybrids. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the composition and reduce the content of alien cytoplasm in B. oleracea Ogura CMS. In the present study, we sequenced, assembled, and compared the organelle genomes of Ogura CMS cabbage and its maintainer line. The chloroplast genome of Ogura-type cabbage was completely derived from normal-type cabbage, whereas the mitochondrial genome was recombined from normal-type cabbage and Ogura-type radish. Nine unique regions derived from radish were identified in the mitochondrial genome of Ogura-type cabbage, and the total length of these nine regions was 35,618 bp, accounting for 13.84% of the mitochondrial genome. Using 32 alloplasmic markers designed according to the sequences of these nine regions, one novel sterile source with less alien cytoplasm was discovered among 305 materials and named Bel CMS. The size of the alien cytoplasm in Bel CMS was 21,587 bp, accounting for 8.93% of its mtDNA, which was much less than that in Ogura CMS. Most importantly, the sterility gene orf138 was replaced by orf112, which had a 78-bp deletion, in Bel CMS. Interestingly, Bel CMS cabbage also maintained 100% sterility, although orf112 had 26 fewer amino acids than orf138. Field phenotypic observation showed that Bel CMS was an excellent sterile source with stable 100% sterility and no withered buds at the early flowering stage, which could replace Ogura CMS in cabbage heterosis utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wendi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Honghao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Jialei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (L.C.); (W.R.); (B.Z.); (W.C.); (Z.F.); (L.Y.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Ton LB, Neik TX, Batley J. The Use of Genetic and Gene Technologies in Shaping Modern Rapeseed Cultivars ( Brassica napus L.). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1161. [PMID: 33008008 PMCID: PMC7600269 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their domestication, Brassica oilseed species have undergone progressive transformation allied with the development of breeding and molecular technologies. The canola (Brassica napus) crop has rapidly expanded globally in the last 30 years with intensive innovations in canola varieties, providing for a wider range of markets apart from the food industry. The breeding efforts of B. napus, the main source of canola oil and canola meal, have been mainly focused on improving seed yield, oil quality, and meal quality along with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and herbicide resistance. The revolution in genetics and gene technologies, including genetic mapping, molecular markers, genomic tools, and gene technology, especially gene editing tools, has allowed an understanding of the complex genetic makeup and gene functions in the major bioprocesses of the Brassicales, especially Brassica oil crops. Here, we provide an overview on the contributions of these technologies in improving the major traits of B. napus and discuss their potential use to accomplish new improvement targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Bao Ton
- School of Biological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ting Xiang Neik
- Sunway College Kuala Lumpur, No. 2, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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