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Dong Y, Xu W, Liu S, Xu Z, Qiao S, Cai Y. Serum albumin and liver dysfunction mediate the associations between organophosphorus pesticide exposure and hypertension among US adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174748. [PMID: 39019272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human health is commonly threatened by organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) due to their widespread use and biological characteristics. However, the combined effect of mixtures of OPPs metabolites on the risk of hypertension and potential mechanism remain limited. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively investigate the effects between OPPs exposure on hypertension risk and explore and underlying mechanism among US general population. METHODS This cross-sectional study collected US adults who had available data on urine OPPs metabolites (dialkyl phosphate compounds, DAPs) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the relationships of DAPs with hypertension risk. Survey-weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and mixed exposure analysis models [weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR)] were used to analyze individual, dose-response and combined associations between urinary DAPs metabolites and hypertension risk, respectively. Mediation analysis determined the potential intermediary role of serum albumin and liver function in the above associations. RESULTS Compared with the reference group, participants with the highest tertile levels of DEP, DMTP, DETP, and DMDTP experienced increased risk of hypertension by 1.21-fold (95%CI: 1.02-1.36), 1.20-fold (95%CI: 1.02-1.42), 1.19-fold (95%CI: 1.01-1.40), and 1.17-fold (95%CI: 1.03-1.43), respectively. RCS curve also showed positive exposure-response associations of individual DAPs with hypertension risk. WQS and BKMR analysis further confirmed DAP mixtures were significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension, with DEP identified as a major contributor to the combined effect. Mediation analysis indicated that serum albumin and AST/ALT ratios played crucial mediating roles in the relationships between individual and mixed urinary DAPs and the prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSION Our findings provided more comprehensive and novel perspectives into the individual and combined effects of urinary OPPs matabolites on the increased risk of hypertension and the possible driving mechanism, which would be of great significance for environmental control and early prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiao Dong
- Department of Public Health, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200335, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Emergency, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhongqing Xu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behaviors, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Public Health, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200335, China.
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Somi MH, Faramarzi E, Jahangiry S, Sanaie S, Molani-Gol R. The relationship between liver enzymes, prehypertension and hypertension in the Azar cohort population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38849721 PMCID: PMC11157708 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of hypertension (HTN) as a worldwide health problem is rising rapidly. Early identification and management of pre-HTN before HTN development can help reduce its related complications. We evaluated the relationship between liver enzymes levels and pre-HTN/HTN in the Azar cohort population. METHOD This cross-sectional study was based on data from the large Azar cohort study and a total of 14,184 participants were included. Pre-HTN and HTN were defined based on the American Heart Association guideline. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kits. The relationship between pre-HTN/HTN and liver enzyme levels was evaluated by logistic regression. RESULTS Of 14,184 participants, 5.7% and 39.6% had pre-HTN and HTN, respectively. In the adjusted model, AST levels of 19-23 IU/l were associated with an elevated risk of pre-HTN (OR [95% CI]: 1.24 [1.04-1.48]). A dose-response increase was seen in pre-HTN in relation to ALT, with the highest OR in the third tertile (1.34 [1.09-1.63]). The odds of pre-HTN also increased with GGT in the third tertile (1.25[1.03-1.52]). In addition, the odds of HTN increased with increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, such that the highest ORs were recorded in the third tertile (OR 1.22 [1.09-1.37], 1.51 [1.35-1.70], 1.19 [1.07-1.34], and 1.68 [1.49-1.89], respectively). Among these enzymes, GGT had the highest OR regarding HTN. CONCLUSION This study indicates that AST, ALT, ALP and GGT levels were associated with pre-HTN (except for ALP) and HTN, independent of known risk factors. Hence, it may be possible to use liver enzymes to predict the incidence of pre-HTN and HTN, empowering primary care providers to make the necessary interventions promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammd Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center of Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Jahangiry
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research center for integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roghayeh Molani-Gol
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Minato-Inokawa S, Tsuboi-Kaji A, Honda M, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Associations of ALT/AST, a marker of hepatosteatosis, with pulse rate in young women and with blood pressure in middle-aged women independently of abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Diabetol Int 2024; 15:270-277. [PMID: 38524930 PMCID: PMC10959855 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-023-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We examined whether alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), a marker of hepatosteatosis, may be associated with a wider constellation of variables related to metabolic syndrome in Japanese women. Body fat and distribution, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were measured in 311 young and 148 middle-aged women. We had Pearson's correlation analysis and then stepwise multivariate linear regression analyses. In both middle-aged and young women, ALT/AST was associated with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), trunk/leg fat ratio and pulse rate. In middle-aged women but not in young women, ALT/AST was associated with waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol (inversely), systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure (BP). Further, in middle-aged women only, the ratio was associated with BMI, percentage body fat, apolipoprotein B and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Among these variables, pulse rate in young women and systolic BP in middle-aged women were associated with ALT/AST independently of trunk/leg fat ratio, a sophisticated measures of abdominal fat accumulation, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol. In conclusion, ALT/AST was associated with pulse rate in young women and with systolic BP in middle-aged women independently of abdominal fat accumulation and insulin resistance. It is noted that their waist circumference averaged < 80 cm and ALT < 30 U/L, suggesting minimum accumulation of abdominal and hepatic fat, respectively, key drivers of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13340-023-00689-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi-Kaji
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women’s University, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Advanced Epidemiology, Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) Epidemiology Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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Jia J, Yang Y, Liu F, Chen S, Deng Y, Guo T, Peng Z, Wang X, Ma X, Wu S. Higher serum alanine aminotransferase levels and the incidence of hypertension: The Kailuan cohort study. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 17:100644. [PMID: 38586187 PMCID: PMC10994974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The association between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations and the incidence of hypertension remains unclear. To explore the association between serum ALT levels and the risk of incident hypertension based on the Kailuan cohort study. Methods People who had participated in health check-ups in 2006-2007 without hypertension, cardiovascular, or liver diseases were enrolled and received follow-ups every two years until December 2017. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or using anti-hypertensive medication. A multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and its corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs). Results During 10.5 years of follow-up, 24,023 (50.7 %) participants were diagnosed with hypertension. The HR of incident hypertension was 1.02 (95 % CI=1.01-1.03) for each 10 U/L increment of ALT concentrations. Participants with elevated ALT levels (>40 U/L) had an increased incidence of hypertension by 7 % (HR =1.07; 95 % CI=1.01-1.13). Besides, the HR was 1.10 (95 % CI=1.06-1.15), 1.13 (95 % CI=1.08-1.18), and 1.22 (95 % CI=1.16-1.30) (P for trend <0.001) in (10-20], (20-30], and (30-40] groups, compared with ≤10 U/L group. In addition, participants whose ALT levels decreased to the normal range at the first follow-up had a 23 % lower incidence of hypertension than those with elevated ALT levels at baseline and the first follow-up. Conclusion People with higher serum ALT levels may have an increased risk of incident hypertension and thus may benefit from heightened surveillance for hypertension and lifestyle interventions to reduce the risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Jia
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Lubei District, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuzhi Deng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Tonglei Guo
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoqi Peng
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Beijing Hypertension League Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- National Research Institute for Family Planning, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kailuan General Hospital, Lubei District, Tangshan, China
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Chen C, Zhang W, Yan G, Tang C. Identifying metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with hypertension and pre-hypertension: An interpretable machine learning approach. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241233135. [PMID: 38389508 PMCID: PMC10883118 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241233135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases and is associated with pre-hypertension and hypertension. Our research aims to develop interpretable machine learning (ML) models to accurately identify MASLD in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive populations. Methods The dataset for 4722 hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients is from subjects in the NAGALA study. Six ML models, including the decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, gradient boosting, naive Bayes, support vector machine, and random forest (RF) models, were used in this study. The optimal model was constructed according to the performances of models evaluated by K-fold cross-validation (k = 5), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), average precision (AP), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values were employed for both global and local interpretation of the model results. Results The prevalence of MASLD in hypertensive and pre-hypertensive patients was 44.3% (362 cases) and 28.3% (1107 cases), respectively. The RF model outperformed the other five models with an AUC of 0.889, AP of 0.800, accuracy of 0.819, sensitivity of 0.816, specificity of 0.821, and F1 of 0.729. According to the SHAP analysis, the top five important features were alanine aminotransferase, body mass index, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Further analysis of the feature selection in the RF model revealed that incorporating all features leads to optimal model performance. Conclusions ML algorithms, especially RF algorithm, improve the accuracy of MASLD identification, and the global and local interpretation of the RF model results enables us to intuitively understand how various features affect the chances of MASLD in patients with hypertension and pre-hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenkang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Dias KMM, Oliveira CH, Calderano AA, Rostagno HS, O’Connor KE, Davis R, Walsh M, Britton J, Altieri EA, Albino LFT. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation on Performance, Fat and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:119. [PMID: 38200849 PMCID: PMC10778069 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on performance, fat, and blood parameters of broilers. In total, 960 male chicks were distributed into four treatments groups with 12 replicates with 20 birds per pen, with varying HT levels (0, 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg of feed) added to the basal diet from 1 to 42 days old. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. Enzymes related to liver injury were evaluated in blood. Fatty acid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined in the breast meat. Dietary supplementation of HT did not improve broilers' performance (p > 0.05). Birds fed 50 mg HT/kg had lower AST, ALT, and GGT concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), whereas broilers fed 5, 10, and 50 mg HT/kg, had lower TBIL concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). Breast meat of broilers fed 50 mg HT/kg had lower lipid content, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acids, MDA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.0001). In summary, supplementation of 5, 10, and 50 mg HT/kg does not improve the performance of broilers, but the dose of 50 mg HT/kg helps the liver against inflammation and improves fat parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. M. Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Carlos H. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Arele A. Calderano
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Horacio S. Rostagno
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Kevin E. O’Connor
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Reeta Davis
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Meg Walsh
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - James Britton
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Enrico A. Altieri
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Luiz F. T. Albino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
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Baeradeh N, Seif M, Rezaianzadeh A, Hosseini SV. Investigating the relationship between liver enzymes and incidence of hypertension: A population-based cohort study in Kharameh, a city in the South of Iran. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1601. [PMID: 37808927 PMCID: PMC10551606 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hypertension and abnormal liver enzymes are common health issues that frequently coexist, and recent research has suggested a possible association between them, warranting further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the relationship between liver enzymes and hypertension. Methods This prospective cohort study utilized data from the Kharameh cohort study, which is a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) database. The study included 7710 participants aged between 40 and 70 years. Hypertension was defined in accordance with the European guidelines for hypertension management, and the association between liver enzymes and hypertension was modeled and predicted using Firth logistic regression. Results This study investigated the association between liver enzymes and hypertension risk in a cohort of 7710 individuals aged 40-70 years. The results showed that higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were associated with an increased risk of hypertension, and this relationship remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, separate analyses within age subgroups revealed a significant association between ALP concentration and high blood pressure in certain age ranges. Conclusion The study demonstrated a significant association between high levels of ALT, GGT, and ALP and an increased risk of hypertension, regardless of other risk factors. These results suggest that monitoring liver enzymes, specifically ALT, GGT, and ALP, could serve as a useful tool to predict hypertension risk and identify individuals who could benefit from early intervention. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of monitoring liver function in preventing and managing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najibullah Baeradeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorectal Research Center, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Research Center, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Dong J, Hu LK, Lu YK, Liu YH, Chu X, Yan YX. Association of serum uric acid with the risk of developing hypertension: A prospective cohort study with mediation analysis. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:345-356. [PMID: 36357616 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with the incidence of hypertension, but whether relevant metabolic factors have mediating effects is not certain. Our study was based on a functional community cohort established in Beijing. In 2015, a total of 7482 individuals without hypertension were recruited and followed up until 2019. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between SUA and hypertension. Cross-lagged panel analysis and mediation analysis were used to explore the effects of metabolic factors on the association between SUA and incident hypertension. During the average 4-year follow-up, the cumulative incidence of hypertension was 10.9% (n = 580). SUA was an independent risk factor for hypertension, and the RRs (95% CI) for subjects with baseline SUA levels in quartile 2, quartile 3 and quartile 4 were 1.20 (0.88-1.63), 1.50 (1.10-2.05), and 1.57 (1.11-2.22) compared to those in quartile 1, respectively. The cross-lagged panel analysis showed that the increases in Cr, TG, LDL, ALT, AST and WBC occurred after SUA increased (P < 0.001). Among these factors, TG, WBC and ALT played an intermediary role in both men (TG: 14.76%; WBC: 11.61%; ALT: 15.93%) and women (TG: 14.55%; WBC: 8.55%; ALT: 6.89%). The elevated SUA concentration was an independent risk factor for hypertension in the Chinese population, and TG, WBC and ALT had important mediating effects on the association between SUA and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dong
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Kun Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Chu
- Health Management Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
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Zhang A, Luo X, Pan H, Shen X, Liu B, Li D, Sun J. Establishment and evaluation of a risk-prediction model for hypertension in elderly patients with NAFLD from a health management perspective. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15138. [PMID: 36071077 PMCID: PMC9452675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are at a higher risk of developing. This study established an effective, individualised, early Hypertension risk-prediction model and proposed health management advice for patients over 60 years of age with NAFLD. Questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and biochemical tests were conducted in 11,136 participants. The prevalence of NAFLD among 11,136 participants was 52.1%. Risk factors were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model and random forest model. A risk-prediction model was established using logistic regression analysis and a dynamic nomogram was drawn. The model was evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability using receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, net reclassification index (NRI), and external validation. The results suggested that the model showed moderate predictive ability. The area under curve (AUC) of internal validation was 0.707 (95% CI: 0.688-0.727) and the AUC of external validation was 0.688 (95% CI: 0.672-0.705). The calibration plots showed good calibration, the risk threshold of the decision curve was 30-56%, and the NRI value was 0.109. This Hypertension risk factor model may be used in clinical practice to predict the Hypertension risk in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Zhangjiang Community Health Service Centers, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jijia Sun
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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10
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Liu YH, Chen SC, Lee WH, Chen YC, Huang JC, Wu PY, Hung CH, Kuo CH, Su HM. Liver-function parameters are associated with incident hypertension in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study. J Hum Hypertens 2022:10.1038/s41371-022-00694-w. [PMID: 35618874 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated inconsistent results regarding the association between liver function and hypertension. In addition, large cohort follow-up studies are lacking. Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to investigate the association between liver function and incident hypertension using data from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB). We evaluated liver biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in this study. A total of 21,293 participants without hypertension at baseline were analyzed. During the mean 3.9-year follow-up, 3002 participants developed hypertension (defined as incident hypertension). Multivariable analysis revealed that high AST (odds ratio [OR], 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.007; p = 0.014), high ALT (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.002-1.006; p < 0.001), high albumin (OR, 1.897; 95% CI, 1.573-2.286; p < 0.001), and high GGT (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.003-1.005; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with incident hypertension in all study participants. In subgroup analysis of the participants with an ALT level ≤2 times the normal limit (80 u/l) (n = 20,983), multivariable analysis demonstrated that high ALT (OR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.005-1.012; p < 0.001) and high GGT (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.003-1.006; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with incident hypertension. In conclusion, we found that elevated AST, ALT, albumin, and GGT were associated with incident hypertension in a large Taiwanese cohort. A greater understanding of potential risk factors for hypertension may help to reduce the burden of hypertension in this Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsueh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ming Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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11
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Evaluation of Relationship between Serum Liver Enzymes and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Data from Rafsanjan Cohort Study. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:5062622. [PMID: 35464126 PMCID: PMC9023230 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5062622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Hypertension as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The relationship between elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and hypertension has been reported in limited studies, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports in the literature on this issue in the southeast of Iran. Our investigation aimed at evaluating the relation between ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP with hypertension in the Rafsanjan Cohort Study, a city in Kerman Province, Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, we used data obtained from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The association of the liver enzymes levels with hypertension was investigated using the multivariable logistic regression models. Results. Among 9930 participants, the mean age (±SD) was 49.94 (±9.56) years, and 46.56% were men. The odds of abnormal blood pressure significantly increased along with the higher levels of ALT, GGT, and ALP which remained significant only for ALP after adjustment for all confounding variables in both males and females (OR in males: 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09–1.69, OR in females: 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01–1.54). In subjects with normal levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP, dose-response increases were observed for abnormal blood pressure in both genders. Finally, we found that, among liver enzymes, only elevated ALP was significantly correlated with the odds of stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension for both genders. Conclusions. In subjects with normal levels of ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP, dose-response increases were observed for abnormal blood pressure in both genders. Increased serum ALP activity was positively associated with increased odds of hypertension in males and females. Therefore, increased ALP could be an early indicator of hypertension.
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12
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Tao L, Liu H, Dong W, Yang G, Li L. Effects of dietary supplementation with itaconic acid on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, slaughter variables, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101732. [PMID: 35176702 PMCID: PMC8851234 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA) is a biologically based unsaturated dicarboxylic acid secreted by mammalian cells. While IA has potential for use in multiple applications, information regarding the influence of IA on animal production remains scarce. This study investigated the effects of dietary IA supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, slaughter variables, blood parameters, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 360 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were allotted to 6 groups, with 10 chicks per cage and 6 replicates per group in a randomized complete block design. Broiler chicks were fed a basal diet with 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, or 1.0% IA. The experimental period lasted from 1 to 42 d of age. Dietary IA supplementation did not affect average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain ratio (F/G) but quadratically increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and linearly increased crude protein (CP) digestibility during the grower period (d 22–42). A higher breast and thigh muscle yield and a lower abdominal fat yield were observed in a linear and quadratic manner with the IA supplementation. Adding IA to the diet had significant effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and catalase (CAT) levels in serum at d 21 and on total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) at d 42. There were linear and quadratic increases in villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio (V/C) of the duodenum and villus height of the jejunum with the supplementation of IA. Regression analyses for ADFI, dressed yield, breast and thigh muscle yield, abdominal fat yield, serum ALT, CAT, and SOD levels, villus length of the duodenum and jejunum, and V/C of the duodenum indicated that the optimal dietary IA supplementation would be from 0.4 to 0.7%. From an economic perspective, a level of 0.4% IA in the broiler diet is recommended for improving the nutrient digestibility, slaughter performance, antioxidant ability, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingzhuo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lijuan Tao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guiqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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13
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Zhu L, Fang Z, Jin Y, Chang W, Huang M, He L, Chen Y, Yao Y. Association between serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and blood pressure: a cross-sectional study of Chinese freshmen. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:472. [PMID: 34598675 PMCID: PMC8485510 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High blood pressure is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular events, and the incidence of hypertension is increasing among young people. This study investigated the relationship between ALT and AST levels and hypertension among freshmen in China. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Anhui Province from September to November 2018. A total of 3114 freshmen underwent a physical examination including testing of biochemical indicators and a standardized questionnaire. Results The overall prevalence of elevated ALT and AST were 6.8% and 2.3% among freshmen. The mean ALT and AST levels were higher in males (22.59 ± 21.98 vs.12.62 ± 10.30 U/L; 23.55 ± 12.24 vs. 20.02 ± 5.75 U/L, respectively). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in men (16.1%) than in women (1.9%). The mean values of BMI, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, and LDL-C were found to be increased with elevated levels of serum ALT and AST in the quartiles (P for trend < 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, the risk of hypertension was significantly higher in the highest ALT quartile than in the lowest quartile (OR (95% CI) of 1.681 (1.028, 2.751) in males; 2.802 (1.102, 7.124) in females). A strong linear relationship was found between serum ALT levels and the odds of hypertension after adjustment for potential confounders only in total population and females (P for trend < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that ALT level is significantly associated with hypertension both in male and female freshmen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengmei Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yuelong Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Weiwei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyun Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Lianping He
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
| | - Yingshui Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China. .,Institute of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wannan Medical College, No. 22, Wenchang Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China. .,Department of Medicine, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.18, Wuxia Shanxi Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China.
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