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Klee B, Costa D, Frese T, Knoechelmann A, Meyer G, Meyer T, Purschke O, Schildmann J, Steckelberg A, Mikolajczyk R. To Remind or Not to Remind During Recruitment? An Analysis of an Online Panel in Germany. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606770. [PMID: 38586472 PMCID: PMC10996063 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the role of reminders in recruiting and maintaining participation in an online panel. Methods: 50,045 individuals from five German federal states were invited by regular mail to participate in the online study "Health-Related Beliefs and Healthcare Experiences in Germany." Those who did not respond to the first attempt received a postal reminder. Comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics and responses were made between first-attempt respondents and those who enrolled after the second letter. Results: After the initial letter, 2,216 (4.4%, 95%CI: 4.3%-4.6%) registered for the study; after a reminder 1,130 (2.5%, 2.3%-2.6% of those reminded) enrolled. Minor sociodemographic differences were observed between the groups and the content of the responses did not differ. Second-attempt respondents were less likely to participate in subsequent questionnaires: 67.3% of first-attempt vs. 43.3% of second-attempt respondents participated in their fourth survey. Recruitment costs were 79% higher for second-attempt respondents. Conclusion: While reminders increased the number of participants, lower cost-effectiveness and higher attrition of second-attempt respondents support the use of single invitation only for studies with a similar design to ours when the overall participation is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Daniela Costa
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute for General Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Anja Knoechelmann
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Gabriele Meyer
- Institute for Health and Nursing Sciences, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Thorsten Meyer
- Institute for Rehabilitation Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Jan Schildmann
- Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Anke Steckelberg
- Institute for Health and Nursing Sciences, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
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Savage MJ, Magistro D, Hennis PJ, Donaldson J, Healy LC, Hunter KA, James RM. Determining factors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298134. [PMID: 38394147 PMCID: PMC10889634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, university students demonstrate poor movement behaviours that could negatively impact current and future health. Recent literature has focused on identifying determinants of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in this population to inform the development of intervention strategies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic substantially restricted movement behaviours in this population, meaning findings of previous research may no longer be applicable within the current societal context. The present study explored the longitudinal relationships between pre-pandemic psychological, behavioural and anthropometric factors, and the movement behaviours of UK university students nine months following the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS Mental wellbeing (MWB), perceived stress (PS), body mass index (BMI), SB, and PA were assessed using an online self-report survey in 255 students prior to (October 2019) and nine months following (October 2020) the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the UK. Path analysis was utilised to test relationships between pre-COVID mental wellbeing, perceived stress and BMI, and movement behaviours during the pandemic. RESULTS The fit of the path analysis model was good (χ2 = 0.01; CMIN = 0.10, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00). Pre-covid MWB and PS positively influenced PA (β = 0.29; β = 0.24; P < 0.01) but not SB (β = -0.10; β = 0.00; P = 0.79) during the pandemic. Additionally, pre-pandemic SB and PA positively influenced SB and PA during the pandemic respectively (SB: β = 0.26; P < 0.01) (PA: β = 0.55; P < 0.01). Pre-pandemic BMI did not influence any measured variable during the pandemic (PA: β = 0.03 and P = 0.29; SB: β = 0.06 and P = 0.56), and there was no mediating effect of PA on SB during the pandemic (β = -0.26; P = 0.14). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pre-covid mental health and movement behaviours had a direct positive influence on PA during the pandemic, but not SB. This longitudinal study demonstrates the influence that prior psychological and behavioural factors have in determining university students' response to periods of elevated stress and uncertainty, furthering our understanding of determinants of health-related behaviours in students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Savage
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Magistro
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Hennis
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Donaldson
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C. Healy
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty A. Hunter
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M. James
- SHAPE Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Gilchrist G, Dheensa S, Johnson A, Henderson J, Radcliffe P, Dwyer G, Turner R, Thomson K, Papastavrou Brooks C, Love B, Zenasni Z, Berbary C, Carter B, Parrott S, Li J, Easton C, Bergman C, Feder G, Gilchrist E. Adapting the ADVANCE group program for digitally-supported delivery to reduce intimate partner violence by men in substance use treatment: a feasibility study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1253126. [PMID: 38328518 PMCID: PMC10847362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1253126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 restrictions created barriers to "business as usual" in healthcare but also opened the door to innovation driven by necessity. This manuscript (1) describes how ADVANCE, an in-person group perpetrator program to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) against female (ex)partners by men in substance use treatment, was adapted for digitally-supported delivery (ADVANCE-D), and (2) explores the feasibility and acceptability of delivering ADVANCE-D to men receiving substance use treatment. Methods Firstly, the person-based approach and mHealth development framework were used to iteratively adapt ADVANCE for digitally-supported delivery including conceptualization, formative research, and pre-testing. Then, a non-randomized feasibility study was conducted to assess male participants' eligibility, recruitment, and attendance rates and uptake of support offered to their (ex)partners. Exploratory analyses on reductions in IPV perpetration (assessed using the Abusive Behavior Inventory; ABI) and victimization (using the revised ABI; ABI-R) at the end of the program were performed. Longitudinal qualitative interviews with participants, their (ex)partners, and staff provided an understanding of the program's implementation, acceptability, and outcomes. Results The adapted ADVANCE-D program includes one goal-setting session, seven online groups, 12 self-directed website sessions, and 12 coaching calls. ADVANCE-D includes enhanced risk management and support for (ex)partners. Forty-five participants who had perpetrated IPV in the past 12 months were recruited, forty of whom were offered ADVANCE-D, attending 11.4 (SD 9.1) sessions on average. Twenty-one (ex)partners were recruited, 13 of whom accepted specialist support. Reductions in some IPV perpetration and victimization outcome measures were reported by the 25 participants and 11 (ex)partners interviewed pre and post-program, respectively. Twenty-two participants, 11 (ex)partners, 12 facilitators, and 7 integrated support service workers were interviewed at least once about their experiences of participation. Overall, the program content was well-received. Some participants and facilitators believed digital sessions offered increased accessibility. Conclusion The digitally-supported delivery of ADVANCE-D was feasible and acceptable. Remote delivery has applicability post-pandemic, providing greater flexibility and access. Given the small sample size and study design, we do not know if reductions in IPV were due to ADVANCE-D, time, participant factors, or chance. More research is needed before conclusions can be made about the efficacy of ADVANCE-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail Gilchrist
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandi Dheensa
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Johnson
- School of Health in Social Science, Department of Clinical Psychology, Center for Psychological Therapies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet Henderson
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Radcliffe
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Dwyer
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Turner
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Thomson
- School of Health in Social Science, Department of Clinical Psychology, Center for Psychological Therapies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cat Papastavrou Brooks
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly Love
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zohra Zenasni
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cassandra Berbary
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ben Carter
- National Addiction Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Parrott
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jinshuo Li
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Easton
- College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Gene Feder
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Gilchrist
- School of Health in Social Science, Department of Clinical Psychology, Center for Psychological Therapies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Niu X, Utayde MF, Sanders KEG, Denis D, Kensinger EA, Payne JD. Age-related positivity effect in emotional memory consolidation from middle age to late adulthood. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1342589. [PMID: 38328467 PMCID: PMC10847278 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1342589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While younger adults are more likely to attend to, process, and remember negative relative to positive information, healthy older adults show the opposite pattern. The current study evaluates when, exactly, this positivity shift begins, and how it influences memory performance for positive, negative, and neutral information. Methods A total of 274 healthy early middle-aged (35-47), late middle-aged (48-59), and older adults (>59) viewed scenes consisting of a negative, positive, or a neutral object placed on a plausible neutral background, and rated each scene for its valence and arousal. After 12 h spanning a night of sleep (n = 137) or a day of wakefulness (n = 137), participants completed an unexpected memory test during which they were shown objects and backgrounds separately and indicated whether the scene component was the "same," "similar," or "new" to what they viewed during the study session. Results and conclusions We found that both late middle-aged and older adults rated positive and neutral scenes more positively compared to early middle-aged adults. However, only older adults showed better memory for positive objects relative to negative objects, and a greater positive memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering positive objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds) than negative memory trade-off magnitude (i.e., remembering negative objects at the cost of their associated neutral backgrounds). Our findings suggest that while the positivity bias may not emerge in memory until older adulthood, a shift toward positivity in terms of processing may begin in middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Niu
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Mia F. Utayde
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Kristin E. G. Sanders
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Dan Denis
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Kensinger
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica D. Payne
- Sleep, Stress, and Memory Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Cobbold A, Crane M, Greaves S, Standen C, Beck M, Rissel C. COVID-19 and working from home-related changes in physical activity in Sydney, Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 38193616 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED Evidence on how COVID-19 lockdowns impacted physical activity (PA) is mixed. This study explores changes in PA following initial mobility restrictions, and their subsequent relaxation, in a sample of Sydney (Australia) residents using a natural experiment methodology. METHODS Participants' health and travel behaviours were collected pre-pandemic in late 2019 (n = 1937), with follow-up waves during the pandemic in 2020 (n = 1706) and 2021 (n = 1514). Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyse changes in weekly duration of PA between the three waves. RESULTS Compared with pre-pandemic, average weekly PA increased in 2021 by 42.6 min total PA (p = .001), 16 min walking PA (p = .02), and 26.4 min moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) (p = .003). However, average weekly sessions of PA decreased in 2020 and remained lower in 2021. For participants who were sufficiently active in 2019, weekly total PA (-66.3 min) MVPA (-43.8 min) decreased in 2020 compared to pre-pandemic. Conversely, among participants who were insufficiently active in 2019, average weekly PA increased in both 2020 (total PA, +99.1 min; walking PA, +46.4 min; MVPA +52.8 min) and 2021 (total PA, +117.8 min; walking PA, +58.4 min; MVPA +59.2 min), compared to 2019. Participants who did more work from home increased their average weekly total PA in 2021 compared to pre-pandemic (+45.3 min). CONCLUSION These findings reveal the complex variability in PA behaviour brought about by the pandemic. SO WHAT?: Strategies to support the population in achieving sufficient PA must focus on maintaining an appetite for PA as we move out of the pandemic and on promoting more frequent PA sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Cobbold
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Crane
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Greaves
- Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Standen
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Health Equity Research and Development Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew Beck
- Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies, The University of Sydney Business School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Royal Darwin Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
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Im EO, Chee W, Paul S, Choi MY, Kim SY, Deatrick JA, Inouye J, Ma G, Meghani S, Nguyen GT, Schapira MM, Ulrich CM, Yeo S, Bao T, Shin D, Mao JJ. A randomized controlled trial testing a virtual program for Asian American women breast cancer survivors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6475. [PMID: 37838727 PMCID: PMC10576740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A culturally tailored virtual program could meet the survivorship needs of Asian American women breast cancer survivors (AABC). This study aims to determine the efficacy of a culturally tailored virtual information and coaching/support program (TICAA) in improving AABC's survivorship experience. A randomized clinical trial (NCT02803593) was conducted from January 2017 to June 2020 among 199 AABC. The intervention group utilized TICAA and the American Cancer Society [ACS] website while the control group used only ACS website for 12 weeks. The outcomes were measured using the SCNS-34SF (needs; primary), the MSAS-SF (symptoms; secondary), and the FACT-B (quality of life; secondary). The data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. The intervention group showed significant reductions in their needs from the baseline (T0) to post 4 weeks (T1) and to post 12 weeks (T2). Although the changes were not statistically significant, the intervention group had decreased symptoms from T0 to T2 while the control group had an increase in their symptoms. The intervention group had a significant increase in their quality of life from T0 to T2. A culturally tailored virtual program could therefore improve quality of life in AABC patients. Trial Registration: To Enhance Breast Cancer Survivorship of Asian Americans (TICAA), NCT02803593, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02803593?titles=TICAA&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ok Im
- The University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Wonshik Chee
- The University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sudeshna Paul
- Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mi-Young Choi
- Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Seo Yun Kim
- Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jillian Inouye
- University of Hawaii, 2528 McCarthy Mall, Webster Hall 402, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Grace Ma
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Salimah Meghani
- University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Giang T Nguyen
- Harvard University Health Services, 75 Mt. Auburn Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Marilyn M Schapira
- University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Connie M Ulrich
- University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - SeonAe Yeo
- University of North Carolina, Carrington Hall, S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ting Bao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 321 East 61st Street, Room 456, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Shin
- University of California, Los Angeles, 855 Tiverton Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Jun J Mao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 321 East 61st Street, Room 456, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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Lin C, Howard VJ, Nanavati HD, Judd SE, Howard G. The association of baseline depressive symptoms and stress on withdrawal in a national longitudinal cohort: the REGARDS study. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 84:8-15. [PMID: 37182817 PMCID: PMC10524111 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the association of baseline psychological symptoms (depressive symptoms and perceived stress) with withdrawal from a cohort study. METHODS Depressive symptoms and perceived stress were obtained using validated measures during the baseline computer-assisted telephonic interview for the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study a national longitudinal cohort (≥45 years, 42% Black, 55% women) recruited between 2003 and 2007. Participants who completed follow-up after September 1, 2019, were considered active. Primary outcome was time to study withdrawal. The association of psychological symptoms and time-to-withdrawal was measured using Cox proportional hazard regression models with incremental adjustments by demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS Out of 29,964 participants included in the analysis, 11,111 (37.1%) participants withdrew over the follow-up period (median: 11 years). Compared to participants with low depressive symptoms, those with moderate symptoms had 5% higher risk (aHR= 1.05; 95% CI= 1.00-1.10) and those with high level of depressive had 19% higher risk (aHR= 1.19; 95% CI= 1.11-1.27) of withdrawal in fully adjusted models. No significant association between perceived stress and withdrawal risk was observed. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with withdrawal. Prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline is an important indicator of participant retention in large prospective cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham.
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Hely D Nanavati
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Suzanne E Judd
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
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8
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Walde J, Chaturvedi M, Berger T, Bartz A, Killewald R, Tomori DV, Rübsamen N, Lange B, Scholz S, Treskova M, Bucksch K, Jarvis CI, Mikolajczyk R, Karch A, Jaeger VK. Effect of risk status for severe COVID-19 on individual contact behaviour during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020/2021-an analysis based on the German COVIMOD study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37024810 PMCID: PMC10078023 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the primary aims of contact restriction measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been to protect people at increased risk of severe disease from the virus. Knowledge about the uptake of contact restriction measures in this group is critical for public health decision-making. We analysed data from the German contact survey COVIMOD to assess differences in contact patterns based on risk status, and compared this to pre-pandemic data to establish whether there was a differential response to contact reduction measures. METHODS We quantified differences in contact patterns according to risk status by fitting a generalised linear model accounting for within-participant clustering to contact data from 31 COVIMOD survey waves (April 2020-December 2021), and estimated the population-averaged ratio of mean contacts of persons with high risk for a severe COVID-19 outcome due to age or underlying health conditions, to those without. We then compared the results to pre-pandemic data from the contact surveys HaBIDS and POLYMOD. RESULTS Averaged across all analysed waves, COVIMOD participants reported a mean of 3.21 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 3.14,3.28) daily contacts (truncated at 100), compared to 18.10 (95%CI 17.12,19.06) in POLYMOD and 28.27 (95%CI 26.49,30.15) in HaBIDS. After adjusting for confounders, COVIMOD participants aged 65 or above had 0.83 times (95%CI 0.79,0.87) the number of contacts as younger age groups. In POLYMOD, this ratio was 0.36 (95%CI 0.30,0.43). There was no clear difference in contact patterns due to increased risk from underlying health conditions in either HaBIDS or COVIMOD. We also found that persons in COVIMOD at high risk due to old age increased their non-household contacts less than those not at such risk after strict restriction measures were lifted. CONCLUSIONS Over the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a general reduction in contact numbers in the German population and also a differential response to contact restriction measures based on risk status for severe COVID-19. This differential response needs to be taken into account for parametrisations of mathematical models in a pandemic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Walde
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Madhav Chaturvedi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tom Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Antonia Bartz
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robin Killewald
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Damilola Victoria Tomori
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Immunization Unit, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Treskova
- Immunization Unit, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karolin Bucksch
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Veronika K Jaeger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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The power of online panel paradata to predict unit nonresponse and voluntary attrition in a longitudinal design. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2023; 57:1055-1078. [PMID: 35493336 PMCID: PMC9036512 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting participation rates, i.e., nonresponse and voluntary attrition rates, and their predictive power in a probability-based online panel. Participation for this panel had already been investigated in the literature according to the socio-demographic and socio-psychological characteristics of respondents and different types of paradata, such as device type or questionnaire navigation, had also been explored. In this study, the predictive power of online panel participation paradata was instead evaluated, which was expected (at least in theory) to offer even more complex insight into respondents' behavior over time. This kind of paradata would also enable the derivation of longitudinal variables measuring respondents' panel activity, such as survey outcome rates and consecutive waves with a particular survey outcome prior to a wave (e.g., response, noncontact, refusal), and could also be used in models controlling for unobserved heterogeneity. Using the Life in Australia™ participation data for all recruited members for the first 30 waves, multiple linear, binary logistic and panel random-effect logit regression analyses were carried out to assess socio-demographic and online panel paradata predictors of nonresponse and attrition that were available and contributed to the accuracy of prediction and the best statistical modeling. The proposed approach with the derived paradata predictors and random-effect logistic regression proved to be reasonably accurate for predicting nonresponse-with just 15 waves of online panel paradata (even without sociodemographics) and logit random-effect modeling almost four out of five nonrespondents could be correctly identified in the subsequent wave.
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Elpers H, Teismann H, Wellmann J, Berger K, Karch A, Rübsamen N. Major depressive disorders increase the susceptibility to self-reported infections in two German cohort studies. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:277-286. [PMID: 35790563 PMCID: PMC9922209 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In several claims-based studies, major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with increased risk of hospitalization due to acute infections. It remains unclear if this is a causal effect, and if it generalizes to an increased susceptibility to infections. METHODS We used data of the BiDirect (n = 925) and the HaBIDS (n = 1007) cohort studies to estimate the effect of MDD on self-reported infections, which were assessed with identical infection susceptibility questionnaires in both studies. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to examine if there was a dose-response relationship between depressive symptom severity and self-reported infections. RESULTS BiDirect participants with MDD diagnosis (48%) had a higher risk of lower respiratory tract infections (incidence rate ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval [1.00-1.75]), gastrointestinal infections (1.68 [1.30-2.16]) and fever (1.48 [1.11-1.98]) after adjusting for confounders identified by a directed acyclic graph approach. There was a dose-response relationship, i.e. individuals with higher CES-D scores reported more infections. Effect sizes were similar in HaBIDS (4% individuals with MDD). CONCLUSION We found increased risks of mild infections in patients with MDD diagnosis and a dose-response relationship between depressive symptom severity and infection frequency. While causal immunological pathways remain unclear, the results of our study might contribute to a change in prevention strategies, e.g. by recommending vaccination against influenza and S. pneumoniae to MDD patients because observed effect sizes in our study are similar to those of patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases for which the respective vaccinations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Elpers
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Henning Teismann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wellmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Assessing targeted invitation and response modes to improve survey participation in a diverse New York City panel: Healthy NYC. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280911. [PMID: 36701347 PMCID: PMC9879422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy NYC is an innovative survey panel created by the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) that offers a cost-effective mechanism for collecting priority and timely health information. Between November 2020 and June 2021, invitations for six different surveys were sent to Healthy NYC panelists by postal mail, email, and text messages. Panelists had the option to complete surveys online or via paper survey. METHODS We analyzed whether panelists varied by sociodemographic characteristics based on the contact mode they provided and the type of invitation that led to their response using logistic regression models. Poisson regression models were used to determine whether the number of invitations received before participating in a survey was associated with sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Younger age and higher education were positively associated with providing an email or text contact. Furthermore, age, race, and income were significant predictors for invitation modes that led to a survey response. Black panelists had 72% greater odds (OR 1.72 95% CI: 1.11-2.68) of responding to a mail invite and 33% lesser odds (OR 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83) of responding to an email invite compared with White panelists. Additionally, in five of the six surveys, more than half of the respondents completed surveys after two invites. Email invitations garnered the highest participation rates. CONCLUSIONS We recommend using targeted invitation modes as an additional strategy to improve participation in panels. For lower-income panelists who do not provide an email address, it may be reasonable to offer additional response options that do not require internet access. Our study's findings provide insight into how panels can tailor outreach to panelists, especially among underrepresented groups, in the most economical and efficient ways.
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12
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Yusupov I, Vandermorris S, Plunkett C, Astell A, Rich JB, Troyer AK. An Agile Development Cycle of an Online Memory Program for Healthy Older Adults. Can J Aging 2022; 41:647-656. [PMID: 35256025 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980821000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Online interventions for older adults should be tailored to their unique needs to increase the efficacy of and adherence to the intervention. The agile development cycle is a dynamic model to solicit and incorporate feedback from older adults during the design process. We combined this approach with the framework of Harvard University's clinical and translational phases that provide a clear structure for evaluating new health programs before they are offered in the community. We based our online memory program on the empirically validated in-person Memory and Aging Program. The aim of the present study was to combine the agile development cycle with the clinical and translational phases framework to develop and pilot an online memory program tailored to the unique needs of older adults. Study 1 involved piloting individual program modules on site and integrating participant feedback into the program's design to optimize usability. Study 2 involved two sequential pilots of the program accessed remotely to evaluate preliminary clinical outcomes and obtain feedback for iterative modifications. Plans for further validation and limitations are discussed. The successful application of the agile development cycle implemented in this series of studies can be adapted by others seeking to offer online content for targeted end users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Yusupov
- Baycrest Health Sciences, North York, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Cindy Plunkett
- Baycrest Health Sciences, North York, Ontario, Canada
- PointClickCare, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arlene Astell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jill B Rich
- Baycrest Health Sciences, North York, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela K Troyer
- Baycrest Health Sciences, North York, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Laroussy K, Castellano Y, Fu M, Baena A, Feliu A, Margalef M, Aldazabal J, Tigova O, Galimany J, Puig M, Moreno C, Bueno A, López A, Roca J, Fernández E, Martínez C. Determinants of participation in an online follow-up survey among nursing students. J Prof Nurs 2022; 41:108-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tomori DV, Horn J, Rübsamen N, Kleine Bardenhorst S, Kröger C, Jaeger VK, Karch A, Mikolajczyk R. Sexual Contact Patterns in High-Income Countries-A Comparative Analysis Using Data From Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:858789. [PMID: 38455300 PMCID: PMC10911028 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2022.858789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sexual contact patterns determine the spread of sexually transmitted infections and are a central input parameter for mathematical models in this field. We evaluated the importance of country-specific sexual contact pattern parametrization for high-income countries with similar cultural backgrounds by comparing data from two independent studies (HaBIDS and SBG) in Germany, a country without systematic sexual contact pattern data, with data from the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) in the UK, and the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) in the US, the two longest running sexual contact studies in high-income countries. We investigated differences in the distribution of the reported number of opposite-sex partners, same-sex partners and both-sex partners using weighted negative binomial regression adjusted for age and sex (as well as stratified by age). In our analyses, UK and US participants reported a substantially higher number of lifetime opposite-sex sexual partners compared to both German studies. The difference in lifetime partners was caused by a higher proportion of individuals with many partners in the young age group (<24 years) in the UK and the US. Partner acquisition in older age groups was similar. The number of same-sex partners was similar across countries, while there was heterogeneity in the reported experience with partners from both sexes, consistent with the differences observed for opposite-sex sexual partners. These patterns can lead to substantially different dynamics of sexually transmitted infections across ages, and have strong impact on the results of modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Horn
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Kröger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Veronika K. Jaeger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Raynor K, Panza L, Bentley R. Impact of COVID-19 shocks, precarity and mediating resources on the mental health of residents of share housing in Victoria, Australia: an analysis of data from a two-wave survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058580. [PMID: 35418435 PMCID: PMC9013788 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 lockdown measures have challenged people's mental health, especially among economically vulnerable households. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of exposure to COVID-19 shocks (defined as job loss, living cost pressures and changing housing conditions throughout the lockdown period) and double precarity (defined as precarity in housing and employment) on mental health outcomes for members of share households as well as the mediating effects of a range of resources. DESIGN We conducted a two-wave survey of occupants of share housing in June and October 2020 during a prolonged period of population lockdown. Research design involved fixed effects ordered logit regression models to assess the mental health consequences of baseline precarity and COVID-related shocks. SETTING Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS We surveyed 293 occupants of share houses (mean age 34 SD 11.5, 56% female). Members of share houses (where individuals are unrelated adults and not in a romantic relationship) are more likely to be young, casually employed, visa-holders and low-income. OUTCOME MEASURES We measured household composition, housing and employment precarity, access to government support, household crowding, social networks and COVID-19 shocks. We used a self-reported measure of mental health. RESULTS Those exposed to COVID-19 shocks reported a 2.7 times higher odds of mental health deterioration (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.85). People exposed to double precarity (precarity in both housing and employment) reported 2.4 times higher odds of mental health deterioration (OR 2.4, 95% CI 0.99 to 5.69). Housing inadequacy and lack of access to sufficient government payments explained 14.7% and 7% of the total effect of double precarity on mental health, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that residents of group households characterised by pre-existing precarity were vulnerable to negative mental health effects during lockdown. Access to sufficient government payments and adequate housing buffered this negative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Raynor
- Faculty of Architecture Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura Panza
- Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Bentley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Rübsamen N, Garcia Voges B, Castell S, Klett-Tammen CJ, Oppliger J, Krütli P, Smieszek T, Mikolajczyk R, Karch A. Providing laypeople with results from dynamic infectious disease modelling studies affects their allocation preference for scarce medical resources-a factorial experiment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:572. [PMID: 35321669 PMCID: PMC8940588 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allocation of scarce medical resources can be based on different principles. It has not yet been investigated which allocation schemes are preferred by medical laypeople in a particular situation of medical scarcity like an emerging infectious disease and how the choices are affected by providing information about expected population-level effects of the allocation scheme based on modelling studies. We investigated the potential benefit of strategic communication of infectious disease modelling results. METHODS In a two-way factorial experiment (n = 878 participants), we investigated if prognosis of the disease or information about expected effects on mortality at population-level (based on dynamic infectious disease modelling studies) influenced the choice of preferred allocation schemes for prevention and treatment of an unspecified sexually transmitted infection. A qualitative analysis of the reasons for choosing specific allocation schemes supplements our results. RESULTS Presence of the factor "information about the population-level effects of the allocation scheme" substantially increased the probability of choosing a resource allocation system that minimized overall harm among the population, while prognosis did not affect allocation choices. The main reasons for choosing an allocation scheme differed among schemes, but did not differ among those who received additional model-based information on expected population-level effects and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS Providing information on the expected population-level effects from dynamic infectious disease modelling studies resulted in a substantially different choice of allocation schemes. This finding supports the importance of incorporating model-based information in decision-making processes and communication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benno Garcia Voges
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Jérôme Oppliger
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pius Krütli
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Timo Smieszek
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Public Health, London, UK
- Modelling and Economics Unit, Statistics, Modelling, and Economics Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry, and Informatics (IMEBI), Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - André Karch
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
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Use of a non-probabilistic online panel as a control group for case-control studies to investigate food and waterborne outbreaks in Lower Saxony, Germany. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 150:e53. [PMID: 34991764 PMCID: PMC8915193 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821002594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Established methods of recruiting population controls for case–control studies in infectious disease outbreak investigations are resource- and time-intensive, and are often subject to bias. The online panel have recently gained interest as an easy and timely method to select controls. We examined the feasibility, suitability and reliability of using an online panel to select controls for case–control studies as part of investigations of diffuse food and waterborne outbreaks. In January 2019, we deployed a web survey by email to the 277 members of a non-probabilistic online panel in Lower Saxony, Germany. We questioned them on basic sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits. They were frequency matched to cases on sex and age. Their food exposures were compared to those of traditionally recruited controls of four historical case–controls studies, which successfully investigated food and waterborne outbreaks. We used logistic regressions to assess the association between the food exposures and the disease (odds ratios). The use of a control panel successfully led to the identification of the food items in three of the four historical outbreak investigations, and their recruitment benefitted from increased speed and limited costs. Timely outbreak investigations would enable rapidly implementing control measures. We recommend the further evaluation of using panellists as controls in parallel case–control studies and case–panel studies.
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Nine Months into the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study Showing Mental Health and Movement Behaviours Are Impaired in UK Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062930. [PMID: 33809313 PMCID: PMC7999965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Initial studies indicated that student mental health was impaired during the early stages of the pandemic and that maintaining/improving physical activity gave some protection from mental illness. However, as the pandemic persists, these data may not reflect current circumstances and may have been confounded by exam stress. Methods: This study used an online survey to assess the changes in, and associations between, mental health and movement behaviours in 255 UK university students from before the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2019) to 9 months following the UK’s first confirmed case (October 2020). Changes in and associations between mental wellbeing, perceived stress, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour were assessed using a mixed model ANOVA; a multiple linear regression model determined the predictive value of variables associated with Δ mental wellbeing. Results: Mental wellbeing and physical activity decreased (45.2 to 42.3 (p < 0.001); 223 to 173 min/week (p < 0.001)), whereas perceived stress and time spent sedentary increased (19.8 to 22.8 (p < 0.001); 66.0 to 71.2 h/week (p = 0.036)). Δ perceived stress, Δ sedentary behaviour and university year accounted for 64.7%, 12.9%, and 10.1% of the variance in Δ mental wellbeing (p < 0.001; p = 0.006; p = 0.035). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is having a sustained negative impact on student mental health and movement behaviour.
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Philpot LM, Ramar P, Roellinger DL, Barry BA, Sharma P, Ebbert JO. Changes in social relationships during an initial "stay-at-home" phase of the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal survey study in the U.S. Soc Sci Med 2021; 274:113779. [PMID: 33639395 PMCID: PMC7895700 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, and consequent social distancing directives have been observed to negatively impact social relationships but the impact of these changes on the quality of social relationships at a population level has not been explored. OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in social relationships in a U.S. population sample during a time of social distancing. METHODS We deployed a matched, longitudinal survey design of the National Institutes of Health Adult Social Relationship Scales to assess the social aspects of emotional support, instrumental support, friendship, loneliness, perceived hostility, and perceived rejection from a time without social distancing (February 2018) to a time where social distancing directives were active (May 2020). Changes in social relationships were compared using paired t-tests, and generalized linear regression models were constructed to identify subpopulations experiencing differential changes in each subdomain of social relationships during social distancing. RESULTS Within our sample population, individuals experienced an increased sense of emotional support, instrumental support, and loneliness, and decreased feelings of friendship and perceived hostility during a period of social distancing. Individuals with low self-rated health experienced a decreased sense of emotional support, and females experienced increased feelings of loneliness compared with males. CONCLUSIONS Social distancing measurably impacts social relationships and may have a disproportionate impact on females and individuals with lower self-rated health. If novel emergent infectious diseases become more commonplace, social interventions may be needed to mitigate the potential adverse impact of social distancing on social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Philpot
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Priya Ramar
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel L Roellinger
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Services Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barbara A Barry
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pravesh Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Jon O Ebbert
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Führer A, Frese T, Karch A, Mau W, Meyer G, Richter M, Schildmann J, Steckelberg A, Wagner K, Mikolajczyk R. [COVID-19: Knowledge, risk perception and strategies for handling the pandemic]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ, FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAT IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2020; 153-154:32-38. [PMID: 32601024 PMCID: PMC7294294 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to stem the spread of an epidemic, widespread adherence to safety measures and their acceptance within the German population are of key importance. This survey examines the levels of knowledge and the perception of risk within the population and analyses implementation and adherence to the recommended and legally mandated safety measures in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In March 2020, participants registered on the HeReCa-Online-Panel from Saxony-Anhalt, Berlin and Schleswig Holstein were invited to complete a 65-question survey. RESULTS 1048 respondents answered the questionnaire, which amounts to a response of 3.5%. 83% of respondents stated that they felt themselves to be well-informed or very well-informed concerning COVID-19 and the coronavirus. The majority of respondents reported fears for the well-being of family members (60%) or the health of the German population as a whole (45%); 79% reported concerns regarding adverse economic impacts. 79% of respondents have implemented individual protective measures, such as reducing social contacts and maintaining the recommended physical distance in public spaces. Most respondents regarded the government-mandated safety measures as predominantly reasonable and appropriate. CONCLUSIONS In the early phase of the pandemic, most people kept themselves informed about of COVID-19 and started to take individual measures for risk reduction. Acceptance of governmental measures to stem the spread of the pandemic was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amand Führer
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland.
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Andre Karch
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Wilfried Mau
- Institut für Rehabilitationsmedizin, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Gabriele Meyer
- Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Jan Schildmann
- Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Anke Steckelberg
- Institut für Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Karoline Wagner
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Profilzentrum Gesundheitswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
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21
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Evaluation of a Road Safety Education Program Based on Driving Under Influence and Traffic Risks for Higher Secondary School Students in Belgium. SAFETY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/safety5020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Road safety education has been recognized as an instrument for reducing road accidents. This study aims to evaluate the road safety education program “Traffic Weeks” among higher secondary school students (age 16–19) in Belgium. The program focuses on driving under influence (DUI) and traffic risks. This study investigates whether the program has an effect on socio-cognitive variables using a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. During the pre-test, 445 students filled in the questionnaire, while 253 students filled in the questionnaire during the post-test. Of these, 175 questionnaires could be matched. The results indicate that the students already had quite a supportive view of road safety at pre-test, with female students showing a more supportive view of road safety than male students. The DUI workshop had a positive effect on most socio-cognitive variables (attitude, subjective norm-friends, and intention) of female students in general education, while the traffic risks workshop only affected perceived behavioral control of female students. In terms of appreciation, students had a significantly higher appreciation of the DUI workshop compared to the traffic risks workshop. During the focus groups, students gave recommendations to improve the program.
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Raupach-Rosin H, Rübsamen N, Schütte G, Raschpichler G, Chaw PS, Mikolajczyk R. Knowledge on Antibiotic Use, Self-Reported Adherence to Antibiotic Intake, and Knowledge on Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogens - Results of a Population-Based Survey in Lower Saxony, Germany. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:776. [PMID: 31031737 PMCID: PMC6473076 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Assessment of public awareness on antibiotic use and resistance can identify key issues for campaigns addressing these problems. Our aim was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) related to antibiotic use and multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens in a general population in Germany. Methods We conducted a KAP survey on antibiotics and on MDR pathogens using an online panel recruited from the general population, which was established using stratified random sampling from the population registry in four districts in Lower Saxony, Germany. Results In the 12 months preceding the survey, 32.3% of the participants had received at least one prescription for antibiotics, 95.7% reported to follow the recommendations of prescribers, and 10.3% reported to stop taking antibiotics as soon as they feel better. Up to 94.9% of the participants had heard of MDR pathogens, 42.7% reported to know somebody who had been tested positive for it, 0.8% had an infection with it, and 37.2% were worried of contracting it. In case of contact with a carrier of MDR pathogens, over 90% would increase hand hygiene and 0.8% would avoid the carrier completely. Participants considered health care workers (75.1%) and everybody in society (87.8%) to be responsible for combating the spread of MDR pathogens. Conclusion There is a high reported exposure to antibiotics and awareness of the problem of MDR pathogens. Despite personal worries, most of the participants indicated a reasonable, non-stigmatizing behavior toward carriers of MDR pathogens, and that every individual was responsible to avoid their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Raupach-Rosin
- Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,PhD Programme "Epidemiology", Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesa Schütte
- Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Raschpichler
- Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pa Saidou Chaw
- Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,PhD Programme "Epidemiology", Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Research Group Epidemiological and Statistical Methods, Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Caputo M, Stumpe V, Rübsamen N, Mikolajczyk RT, Karch A. Implementation of preventive measures against tick-borne infections in a non-endemic area for tick-borne encephalitis-Results from a population-based survey in Lower Saxony, Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:614-620. [PMID: 30797728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the most common tick-borne diseases in Germany. While for LB only non-specific prevention strategies exist, TBE can be additionally prevented by vaccination. It is unclear to which extent non-specific prevention strategies are applied by individuals living in non-endemic areas for TBE in Germany, and whether TBE vaccination status affects their implementation. Participants of the HaBIDS panel (Hygiene and Behavior Infectious Diseases Study) from four counties of Lower Saxony were invited to fill out a questionnaire on their TBE vaccination status, their LB diagnoses as well as their knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to prevention measures for tick-borne diseases. Based on self-reported data we estimated cumulative lifetime incidence (CUM) and incidence of LB as well as TBE vaccination coverage. One year later, participants received a supplementary questionnaire focusing on reasons for vaccination against TBE and compliance with the vaccination schedule. 1,573 (74.2% of those invited) panel members aged 18-69 years participated in this study. Of these, 22.8% reported to have ever been vaccinated against TBE. The estimated CUM of LB was 5.1% (95%-CI: 4.1%-6.4%), and the incidence was 1.09 per 1,000 person years (95%-CI: 0.87-1.36). 98% of participants knew that LB is transmitted by the bite of an infected tick, but about 50% didn't know that TBE vaccination does not protect against LB. Even though about 80% of study participants were convinced that recommended non-specific prevention strategies were indeed protective, a much lower proportion implemented them. TBE-vaccinated participants were better informed about tick-borne diseases compared to non-vaccinated participants, whereby being vaccinated did not negatively affect implementation of non-specific prevention strategies. Based on data from the supplementary questionnaire, traveling to endemic areas (75.3%) was the main reason for TBE vaccination; 33.0% of those vaccinated had a complete vaccination schedule with three doses. Our study in a TBE non-endemic area revealed deficits in knowledge about which pathogens are covered by TBE vaccination, and a lack in the implementation of non-specific prevention measures. TBE vaccination was not associated with a reduced uptake of non-specific prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrrouz Caputo
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany; PhD Programme "Epidemiology", Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany.
| | - Vivien Stumpe
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany; PhD Programme "Epidemiology", Braunschweig-Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rafael T Mikolajczyk
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - André Karch
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Changes in risk perceptions during the 2014 Ebola virus disease epidemic: results of two consecutive surveys among the general population in Lower Saxony, Germany. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:628. [PMID: 29764410 PMCID: PMC5952518 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak 2014 received extensive news media coverage, which faded out before the outbreak ended. News media coverage impacts risk perception; it is, however, unclear if the components of risk perception (affective and cognitive responses) change differently over time. Methods In an online panel, we asked participants (n = 1376) about EVD risk perceptions at the epidemic’s peak (November 2014) and after news media coverage faded out (August 2015). We investigated worry (affective response), perceived likelihood of infection, perceived personal impact, and coping efficacy (dimensions of cognitive response), and knowledge about transmission. Differences between the surveys with respect to manifestations of affective and cognitive dimensions were tested using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The association between individual change in knowledge and worries about EVD in the first survey was investigated using linear regression. Results In November 2014, the survey was filled in by 974 participants. Ten months later, 662 of them were still members of the online panel and were invited to the follow-up survey. Among the 620 respondents, affective response decreased between the surveys. Knowledge about EVD also decreased; however, participants worried about EVD in 2014 had increased knowledge in 2015. Perceived likelihood of infection decreased over time, while perceived personal impact and coping efficacy did not. Conclusions Risk communication appealing to cognitive reactions by informing clearly on the risk of infection in unaffected countries may decrease inappropriate behaviors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5543-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Poor knowledge of vaccination recommendations and negative attitudes towards vaccinations are independently associated with poor vaccination uptake among adults - Findings of a population-based panel study in Lower Saxony, Germany. Vaccine 2018; 36:2417-2426. [PMID: 29602700 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to (a) assess knowledge of official vaccination recommendations and attitudes towards vaccinations among adults and (b) examine their association with vaccination uptake among adults. METHODS This study was part of the HaBIDS study (Hygiene and Behaviour Infectious Diseases Survey), which is an online panel established in March 2014 in Lower Saxony, Germany with males and females aged between 15 and 69 years (n = 2379). Every few months, participants completed questionnaires on different aspects of infectious diseases. In September 2014, knowledge of vaccination recommendations, attitudes towards vaccinations and information on uptake of vaccinations in the last 10 years (practice) were collected using a knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) questionnaire. Multiple correspondence analysis was applied to identify underlying structures in each KAP domain and fractional polynomial regression analysis to examine the associations of knowledge and attitudes with vaccination uptake. RESULTS Of the 2379 panel members, 1698 (71%) completed the KAP questionnaire on vaccinations. The majority of participants (80%) knew that the vaccine against diphtheria and tetanus should be administered every 10 years. Regarding other recommendations, the proportion of correct answers varied between 35% and 60%. 82% of participants agreed that adult vaccinations should be mandatory for selected groups such as health care workers and 40% stated that vaccinations should be mandatory for all adults. For the different vaccines, the odds of being unvaccinated were 1.5- to 5-times higher among participants with poor knowledge of vaccination recommendations compared to participants with good knowledge. Participants with negative attitudes towards vaccinations were also more likely to be unvaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be undertaken to improve knowledge of official vaccination recommendations in the general population and reduce common misconceptions about vaccinations. This information can be provided during general practitioner visits or through media campaigns.
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