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Al-Bisher MM, Al-Otaibi HH. Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females? Nutrients 2024; 16:1931. [PMID: 38931285 PMCID: PMC11206548 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer broad recommendations based on scientific evidence, focusing on food groups rather than nutrients that should be included in the diet. Emerging adulthood (18-30 years) is a critical period for poor dietary quality and mental health. Eating habits (EHs) are formed early in life and are influenced by various factors, such as emotional state, which can lead to either binge or restricted eating, ultimately increasing the risk of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent of adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines (SHPDGs) and its potential association with Eating Concerns (ECs) among Saudi females (aged 18-30 years) from all provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A validated online questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors (EBs) using the Starting The Conversation (STC) instrument and EC symptoms using the Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (ESP) screening tool. RESULTS The total sample size was 1092 participants with a mean age of 23.02 ± 3.47. Only 0.7% of the participants adhered to the SHPDGs and were free of EC symptoms. Conversely, 50.4% of participants who exhibited EC symptoms had poor adherence to the SHPDGs. Across Saudi Arabian provinces, high adherence to the SHPDGs was more prominent in both the Eastern and Western provinces (37.5%) than in the Central and Southern provinces (0%). The most striking result was that the Central province exhibited a high percentage of poor adherence to the SHPDGs (25.6%). Moreover, high adherence to SHPDGs was not associated with the probability of ECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a trend of poor adherence to SHPDGs among Saudi females, with a large proportion also experiencing EC symptoms. Accordingly, the authors recommend increasing awareness within the Saudi community about SHPDGs using educational campaigns on social media platforms to enhance the importance of adopting a healthy diet, especially among females, and demonstrate that the impact on their health and well-being is that they are experiencing multiple phases that involve pregnancy and giving birth involves specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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AlAmer NA, AlQarni AM. Exploring the utilization and perceptions of pre-travel health consultations in primary care settings in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38877586 PMCID: PMC11179328 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-024-00223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International travel exposes individuals to diverse health risks, necessitating proactive pre-travel health preparations. Saudi Arabia has witnessed increased outbound travel. This study addresses a critical gap in knowledge by investigating the utilization and perceptions of pre-travel health consultations among adults in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study surveyed patients at the Family and Community Medicine Center of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University during January 2024 to explore perceptions of pre-travel health consultations among the Saudi Arabian population. Adults aged 18 years or older in the waiting area were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Of the 772 participants, 624 (80.8%) engaged in international travel within the last year. However, 593 (76.8%) had never sought pre-travel health consultations. Age, gender, and education level significantly influenced the pursuit of pre-travel health advice, with older individuals, females, and those with higher educational attainment more likely to seek consultations. Participants perceived vaccination recommendations (597, 77.4%) and disease prevention information (678, 87.8%) as crucial parts of pre-travel health consultations. However, barriers to seeking advice included perceived low risk (445, 74.8%), lack of awareness (215, 36.3%), time constraints (128, 21.6%), and cost concerns (92, 15.5%). CONCLUSION The low prevalence of pre-travel health consultations among travelers highlights the need for targeted educational campaigns and the integration of travel health services into primary healthcare. Addressing the identified barriers and leveraging preferred information sources are crucial steps towards enhancing the uptake of pre-travel health consultations, ultimately improving the health and safety of international travelers from the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheel A AlAmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amani M AlQarni
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Arbaein TJ, Alharbi KK, Alfahmi AA, Alharthi KO, Monshi SS, Alzahrani AM, Alkabi S. Makkah healthcare cluster response, challenges, and interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:975-985. [PMID: 38631067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 crisis has underscored the critical role of effective decision-making in healthcare systems. Saudi Arabia has shown resilience by implementing comprehensive testing, tracing, and vaccination measures. Given the unique cultural and religious characteristics of Makkah, specific challenges have prompted efforts to uncover local pandemic responses. This qualitative assessment aims to delineate the challenges faced by decision-makers during COVID-19 in Makkah and identify key interventions implemented by the Makkah healthcare cluster to manage and coordinate care. METHOD Utilizing a purposive sampling approach, executive leaders within the Makkah Healthcare Cluster were invited for semi-structured interviews during the COVID-19 period. Thematic analysis was carried out in five steps, ensuring rigor and trustworthiness through multiple checks, and employing a critical and collaborative approach. RESULT Throughout the COVID-19 outbreak in Makkah, participants revealed Several factors that have hindered healthcare organizations' ability to effectively manage the pandemic, including testing difficulties, resource shortages, vaccination misconceptions, continuity of care issues, infections among healthcare workers, and the need for consistent protocols. The participant leaders in Makkah's healthcare cluster specified implemented strategies that helped in overcoming the encountered challenges, such as adopting new technologies, enhancing communication, managing supply and demand, and improving workforce adaptability and development. Their experience in managing Hajj and Umrah provided valuable insights for handling the pandemic effectively. CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the significance of technology adoption, effective communication, supply management, workforce development, and lessons from managing religious events. Its findings have implications for healthcare systems globally, emphasizing the importance of preparedness, response, and resilience in diverse cultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turky J Arbaein
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khulud K Alharbi
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah A Alfahmi
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah O Alharthi
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah S Monshi
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Alzahrani
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa Alkabi
- Department of Health Administration and Hospital, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Alahmadi MA, Almasoud KH, Aljahani AH, Alzaman NS, Al-Nozha OM, Alahmadi OM, Jalloun RA, Alfadhli EM, Alahmadi JM, Zuair AA, Alzahrani NS, Alahmdi AA, Alghamdi MA, Aldayel AA, Aljaloud SO, Alharbi OM, Al-Nuaim A, Alshqaq SS, Alsaedi BS, Alrashidi A, Alamri OA, Alshaikhi AS, Al-Thumali FJ, Alshdokhi KA, Awn AB, Jifri AA, Aljuhani O, Aljaloud KS, Al-Mudarra MF, Ansari MGA, Al-Daghri NM. The prevalence of sedentary behavior among university students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:605. [PMID: 38408947 PMCID: PMC10895824 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A considerable body of research has demonstrated that reducing sitting time benefits health. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the prevalence of sedentary behavior (SB) and its patterns. METHODS A total of 6975 university students (49.1% female) were chosen randomly to participate in a face-to-face interview. The original English version of the sedentary behavior questionnaire (SBQ) was previously translated into Arabic. Then, the validated Arabic version of the SBQ was used to assess SB. The Arabic SBQ included 9 types of SB (watching television, playing computer/video games, sitting while listening to music, sitting and talking on the phone, doing paperwork or office work, sitting and reading, playing a musical instrument, doing arts and crafts, and sitting and driving/riding in a car, bus or train) on weekdays and weekends. RESULTS SBQ indicated that the total time of SB was considerably high (478.75 ± 256.60 and 535.86 ± 316.53 (min/day) during weekdays and weekends, respectively). On average, participants spent the most time during the day doing office/paperwork (item number 4) during weekdays (112.47 ± 111.11 min/day) and weekends (122.05 ± 113.49 min/day), followed by sitting time in transportation (item number 9) during weekdays (78.95 ± 83.25 min/day) and weekends (92.84 ± 100.19 min/day). The average total sitting time of the SBQ was 495.09 ± 247.38 (min/day) and 58.4% of the participants reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day). Independent t-test showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between males and females in all types of SB except with doing office/paperwork (item number 4). The results also showed that male students have a longer daily sitting time (521.73 ± 236.53 min/day) than females (467.38 ± 255.28 min/day). Finally, 64.1% of the males reported a high amount of sitting time (≥ 7 hours/day) compared to females (52.3%). CONCLUSION In conclusion, the total mean length of SB in minutes per day for male and female university students was considerably high. About 58% of the population appeared to spend ≥7 h/day sedentary. Male university students are likelier to sit longer than female students. Our findings also indicated that SB and physical activity interventions are needed to raise awareness of the importance of adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sitting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alahmadi
- Sport Science and Physical Activity Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H Almasoud
- Sport Science and Physical Activity Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H Aljahani
- Physical Sport Science Department, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naweed S Alzaman
- Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Al-Nozha
- Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Alahmadi
- College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola A Jalloun
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Alfadhli
- Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Areeg A Zuair
- Community Health Nursing Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif S Alzahrani
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Alahmdi
- College of Medicine, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Obead M Alharbi
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Collage of Education, Qassim University, Burayday, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Al-Nuaim
- Physical Education Department, Education College, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Basim S Alsaedi
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Alrashidi
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Alamri
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed S Alshaikhi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled A Alshdokhi
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Bin Awn
- Department of General Curricula and Instruction, College of Education, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdullah Jifri
- Department of Sport Science, College of Sport Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Aljuhani
- Department of Physical Education, College of Sports Science and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Aljaloud
- Exercise Physiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah Fayez Al-Mudarra
- Department of Home Economics, College of Education, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G A Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Al Saikhan L, Al Ghamdi L. Occupational survey of the educational outputs of the first established program of cardiac technology speciality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (2013-2022): A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295655. [PMID: 38096209 PMCID: PMC10721097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demand for qualified cardiac technology (CT) graduates is increasing in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to provide the first descriptive occupational survey of the educational outputs of the first established CT speciality program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over the past 10 years. METHODS This was a cross-sectional, survey-based study. An online self-administered survey was distributed to all alumni who graduated from the CT program between 2013 and 2022 at the Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University (IAU) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Of the 238 graduates, 164 completed the survey (72.2%). All the respondents (100%) were women, 56% were aged 25-30 years, 58.5% were married, the majority (95.7%) held a bachelor's degree, and (93.3%) lived in the eastern region. Of the respondents, 33.7% specialised in cardiac catheterisation and 66.3% in echocardiography. Of those, 66.4% were employed, which was similar between both subspecialties and predominantly in the Eastern region (83.9%). A total of 57.9% of participants attributed the reason for unemployment to limited opportunities in the Eastern province (vs. 15.8% across the country). A total of 76.6% of the respondents reported that most job opportunities were in the Central region (Riyadh). The main barriers and limitations to unemployment reported by the alumni were the need for childcare assistance, further training, and poor job search/interview skills. Of the respondents, 42% expressed a desire to change their career path because of limited job opportunities (10.7%) followed by a change in career interest post-graduation (7.9%). CONCLUSIONS The employment rate of IAU CT alumni was high (66.4%) and predominantly based in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, and 42% expressed a desire to change their career path due to limited regional job opportunities. The findings from this study will help inform the future of speciality across the kingdom and shape the potential for expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Al Saikhan
- Department of Cardiac Technology, College of Applied Medial Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamis Al Ghamdi
- Department of Cardiac Technology, College of Applied Medial Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Burahmah E, Shanmugam S, Stansfield B. Full-Day Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Levels of Typically Developing Children and Adolescents in the Middle East: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6940. [PMID: 37887678 PMCID: PMC10606092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) are important components of physical behaviour associated with long-term health outcomes. Environmental and cultural factors may influence physical behaviour. To explore full day PA and SB in children and adolescents (2-18 years old) in the Middle East, a systematic literature review was performed including 183 journal articles. A wide range of PA and SB outcomes were reported, in some cases making synthesis of results difficult. As a consequence, results were generally reported narratively (MVPA time, total PA, SB time). Meta-regression of daily step count revealed females took 4600 fewer steps than males, with 3000 fewer steps on weekdays than weekends, and overweight individuals taking 2800 fewer steps/day. Steps decreased with age. Meta-regression for TV viewing time demonstrated an increase by 0.04 h per year of age. Even though environmental and cultural conditions may be different, PA and SB of children and adolescents in the Middle East were largely comparable to those of Europeans and North Americans. The wide range of data collection instruments used (both self-report questionnaire and body-worn devices) and heterogeneity of data made synthesis of reported data across studies very difficult, suggesting a need for greater standardisation of data collection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Stansfield
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.B.); (S.S.)
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Alharbi RM, Alharbi HF. The Indicator of Emotional Eating and Its Effects on Dietary Patterns among Female Students at Qassim University. Nutrients 2023; 15:3553. [PMID: 37630740 PMCID: PMC10458773 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) is considered as the inclination to eat in response to emotions and is associated with certain syndromes. In this sense, we explored the indices of EE and its association with dietary patterns among female students at Qassim University in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study of 380 participants (aged 18-29 years, female students) was performed. Anthropometric measurements of the participants were taken, such as height, body mass index, fat mass and hip-waist circumference as well as the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). The classification of the ESS included the thresholds of 44.7, 43.9 and 11.3% for low, moderate and high EE, respectively. Linear regression after adjustment showed that fat intake was a significant predictor of EE (p = 0.031) as well as feelings of enthusiasm. We also observed an interesting indication: fat intake (p = 0.011) and educational level (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with, and could be significant predictors of, EE. The results highlight the importance of emotional eating, its relationship with the consumption of foods that contain fat and understanding how it develops by raising awareness of the importance of healthy food for a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hend F. Alharbi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
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Noorwali EA, Aljaadi AM, Al-Otaibi HH. Change in Growth Status and Obesity Rates among Saudi Children and Adolescents Is Partially Attributed to Discrepancies in Definitions Used: A Review of Anthropometric Measurements. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1010. [PMID: 37046938 PMCID: PMC10094271 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric measurements are the first step in determining the health status in children and adolescents. Clinicians require standardized protocols for proper assessment and interpretation. Therefore, this study aims to review the literature of international and Saudi national guidelines and studies previously conducted in Saudi children and adolescents to provide recommendations to establish Saudi guidelines in line with the Saudi 2030 Vision. Systematic search was conducted in several databases: Medline, PubMed, Saudi Digital Library and Google Scholar from January 1990 to January 2021. Further, 167 studies measured anthropometrics in Saudi children/adolescents; 33 of these studies contributed to the establishment/adjustment of Saudi growth charts or specific cutoffs or studied the trend of growth in representative samples or adjusted the international curves to be used in Saudis. This review warrants updating growth charts and establishing the standard cutoffs of Saudi adolescent anthropometrics to avoid over/underreporting. This review provides insights and recommendations regarding the resources that can be used to establish national guidelines in anthropometric measurements for Saudi children/adolescents. This review will help policymakers and the Ministry of Health to establish standardized protocols to be used in Saudi Arabia for anthropometric measurements that may assist in detecting malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essra A. Noorwali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M. Aljaadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala H. Al-Otaibi
- College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Shubayr N, Alashban Y. Estimation of radiation doses and lifetime attributable risk of radiation-induced cancer in the uterus and prostate from abdomen pelvis CT examinations. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1094328. [PMID: 36699908 PMCID: PMC9868812 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1094328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) scans are one of the most common radiation imaging modalities, and CT scans are rising steadily worldwide. CT has the potential to enhance radiography practice, but it also has the risk of drastically increasing patient doses. One CT procedure for the abdomen pelvis (AP) area can expose a patient's prostate or uterus to a substantial radiation dose, leading to concerns about radiation-induced cancer. This study aimed to estimate organ doses of the uterus and prostate and evaluate the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence and mortality resulting from AP CT examinations. This retrospective study included 665 patients, of which 380 (57%) were female, and 285 (43%) were male. Data were collected from the picture archiving and communication system for AP CT procedures and exposure parameter data. Organ doses for the uterus and prostate were calculated using National Cancer Institute CT (NCICT) software. Based on the risk models proposed by the BEIR VII report, the calculated organ doses were used to estimate the LAR of prostate and uterus cancer incidence and mortality due to radiation exposure from AP CT procedures. The mean effective dose resulting from AP CT for females and males was 5.76 ± 3.22 (range: 1.13-12.71 mSv) and 4.37 ± 1.66 mSv (range: 1.36-8.07 mSv), respectively. The mean organ dose to the uterus was 10.86 ± 6.09 mGy (range: 2.13-24.06 mGy). The mean organ dose to the prostate was 7.00 ± 2.66 mGy (range: 2.18-12.94 mGy). The LAR of uterus and prostate cancer incidence was 1.75 ± 1.19 cases and 2.24 ± 1.06 cases per 100,000 persons, respectively. The LAR of cancer mortality rates from uterus and prostate cancers were 0.36 ± 0.22 and 0.48 ± 0.18 cases per 100,000 persons, respectively. The LAR of prostate and uterus cancer occurrence and mortality from radiation doses with AP CT procedures was low but not trivial. Therefore, efforts should be made to lower patient doses while retaining image quality. Although the minimization of the patient's radiation dose must guide clinical practice, the estimated slight increase in risk could aid in easing fears regarding well-justified AP CT procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Shubayr
- Department of Diagnostic Radiography Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Nasser Shubayr ✉
| | - Yazeed Alashban
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Al Saikhan L. Prevalence, characteristics, consequences, and awareness of work-related musculoskeletal pain among cardiac sonographers compared with other healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285369. [PMID: 37146012 PMCID: PMC10162565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence related to work-related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP) among cardiac sonographers is incomplete. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, consequences, and awareness of WRMSP among cardiac sonographers compared with other healthcare workers in different healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, survey-based study. An electronic self-administered survey using a modified version of the Nordic questionnaire was distributed to cardiac sonographers and control participants of other healthcare professions exposed to different occupational hazards. The χ2 test and logistic regression were performed to compare groups. RESULTS In total, 308 participants completed the survey (mean age: 32.1±8.4; females: 207(68.1%)): 152(49.4%) sonographers and 156(50.6%) controls. WRMSP was more prevalent among cardiac sonographers than controls(84.8% vs 64.7%, p<0.0001), even after adjustment for age, sex, height, weight, BMI, education, years in current position, work-setting, and regular exercise(odds ratio [95% CI]: 3.0[1.54, 5.82], p = 0.001). Pain was more severe(p = 0.020) and lasted longer among cardiac sonographers(p = 0.050). The most affected body regions were the shoulders(63.2% vs 24.4%), hands(55.9% vs 18.6%), neck(51.3% vs 35.9), and elbows(23% vs 4.5%; p<0.01 for all). Pain in cardiac sonographers interfered with daily and social activities and interrupted their work-related activities(p<0.05 for all). More cardiac sonographers had plans to change profession(43.4% vs 15.8%; p<0.0001). A higher proportion of cardiac sonographers were aware of WRMSP(81% vs 77%) and its potential risks(70% vs 67%). However, cardiac sonographers infrequently utilised recommended preventative ergonomic measures for improving work practices, received insufficient ergonomics education and training on the risks and prevention of WRMSP, and had insufficient ergonomic work environment and support from employers. CONCLUSIONS WRMSP was more frequent and more severe in cardiac sonographers than in controls and adversely impacted their daily, social, and work-related activities, and future employment plans. Despite high awareness of WRMSP and its potential risks, cardiac sonographers infrequently utilised recommended preventative ergonomic measures and had insufficient ergonomic work environment and support from employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Al Saikhan
- Department of Cardiac Technology, College of Applied Medial Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Alguwaihes AM, Alhozali A, Yahia MM, Abdel-Nabi T, Hassan Hatahet M, Albalkhi NI, Al Sifri S. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia - CAPTURE study. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:57-66. [PMID: 36634941 PMCID: PMC9987684 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.1.20220402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia using data from the CAPTURE cross-sectional study. METHODS CAPTURE was a non-interventional, multinational study carried out between December 2018 and September 2019. In Saudi Arabia, clinical (including medication) and demographic data were collected across 7 sites (Alhada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif; King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh; Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh; King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah; King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa; Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, Buraidah; and Dallah Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) from adults aged ≥18 years. The prevalence of CVD was estimated and weighted according to care setting, with data between groups not statistically compared. RESULTS Among the 883 adults enrolled in this study (566 from primary care, 317 from secondary care), 158 had established CVD, making the weighted prevalence of 18% (95% CI: [15.5-20.5]). The weighted prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD was 15.1% (95% CI: [12.8-17.5]), accounting for 82.4% of the CVD cases. Coronary heart disease was the most common subtype of CVD (13.4%), followed by cerebrovascular disease (1.7%). A total of 23.6% of patients were treated with glucose-lowering agents with proven cardiovascular benefit. CONCLUSION In Saudi Arabia, approximately one in 5 adults with T2DM had established CVD, lower than the global prevalence, possibly because of disparities in patient characteristics, potential genetic predispositions, or a lack of accurate documentation due to poor coordination between care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M. Alguwaihes
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Abdullah M. Alguwaihes, Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-9970
| | - Amani Alhozali
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moataz M. Yahia
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek Abdel-Nabi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Hassan Hatahet
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nader I. Albalkhi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Al Sifri
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alguwaihes), King Saud University Medical City, from the Department of Medical Affairs (Yahia, Abdel-Nabi), Novo Nordisk, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Albalkhi), Specialized Medical Centre Hospital, Riyadh, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Alhozali), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, from the Department of Internal Medicine (Hatahet), King Abdulaziz Hospital for National Guard, Al Ahsa, and from the Department of Internal Medicine (Al Sifri), Al Hada Military Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Alsulami S, Althagafi N, Hazazi E, Alsayed R, Alghamdi M, Almohammadi T, Almurashi S, Baig M. Obesity and Its Associations with Gender, Smoking, Consumption of Sugary Drinks, and Hour of Sleep Among King Abdulaziz University Students in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:925-934. [PMID: 37033397 PMCID: PMC10075260 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s405729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of obesity among university students in Saudi Arabia's western region, as well as its association with gender, smoking, consumption of sugary drinks, and hours of sleep. METHODS A cross-sectional study recruited a simple random sample of students from King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Saudi Arabia's western region. In this study, the Arab Teens Lifestyle (ATLS) questionnaire was used. The survey was conducted between April and June 2022. RESULTS In total, 659 students participated (313 males [37.3%] and 437 females [66.2%]). One-fourth of the students, 158 (24%), were overweight, and 83 (12.7%) were obese. Male participants were overweight or obese by a rate of 32.6% and 19.4%, respectively. Female overweight and obese rates were 16.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Moreover, obesity/overweight rates were 43.6% in the urban area and 36.9% in the rural area (P=0.03). A total of 370 participants (56.14%) slept less than 8 hours per day, 185 (28.1%) spent more than five hours per day watching television or using the internet, and 303 (46%) ate breakfast on a regular basis. Obesity/overweight was more common in smokers than in nonsmokers (59.7% vs 32.8%, P=0.01). The prevalence of obesity was lower among those who walked three days or more per week (28.1% vs 44.1%; P=0.01) and ran/jogged outside or on a treadmill three days or more per week (29.5% vs 39.8%; P=0.03) than among those who ran/jogged less than three days per week. Student obesity was independently predicted by being male (P=0.01), drinking more sugary drinks (P=0.01), smoking (P=0.03), and sleeping for fewer hours (P=0.03). CONCLUSION Obesity was more prevalent in male students, with a prevalence of 24%. Male gender, consumption of more sugary beverages, smoking, and sleeping for fewer hours were all independent predictors of obesity among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salhah Alsulami
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Salhah Alsulami, Department Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 23765, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966563681890, Email
| | - Nouf Althagafi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Hazazi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alsayed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd Alghamdi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikra Almohammadi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Almurashi
- Family Medicine Academy Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Physical Activity Research in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Progress Made but Work Still to Do. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:769-770. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tami SH. Perceived Effects of Socio-Economics and Social Media Variables on Body Mass Index in Saudi Young Adults. Cureus 2022; 14:e30349. [PMID: 36407186 PMCID: PMC9664548 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to measure the extent to which Saudi young adults used social media as a source for nutrition information and assess the perception of those networks on their dietary behaviors. The study also investigated the association between participants' socio-economic variables, social media variables, and body mass index. A cross-sectional survey was used and distributed via social media. This study included 228 participants (20-24 years old) who lived in AL-Ahssa Province. Over 50% of the participants were single females with bachelor's degrees. Among the participants, 70% were interested in increasing their nutrition knowledge, and 95% agreed that they obtained their nutrition information through social media. The participants surfed social media for at least one hour per day. Over 70% responded that exposure to social media had influenced their dietary behaviors (adopting new positive dietary behaviors, including selecting healthy foods and reading nutrition labels). Instagram was the most used application of all social media networks, with over 50% of the participants following 2-4 Instagram accounts related to nutrition. A majority of participants (78%) preferred obtaining nutrition information through visual methods, such as videos (49.1%) and infographic images (28.9%). Challenges to using nutrition information on social media were unproven or misleading topics and provided by non-nutrition experts. Social media may therefore be an effective tool to increase nutrition awareness and assist in disseminating nutrition intervention programs by nutrition educators and experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan H Tami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
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15
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Raja N AA, Osman NA, Alqethami AM, Abd El-Fatah NK. The relationship between the high-risk disordered eating and social network navigation among Saudi college females during the COVID pandemic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:949051. [PMID: 36148353 PMCID: PMC9486004 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.949051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) are complex health issues that may lead to negative physical and mental health outcomes among college students. More studies should be directed toward the screening of DEBs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DEBs among Saudi female university students and their association with social networking site (SNSs) usage and composite lifestyle behaviors during the unprecedented period of COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study included 445 females recruited using stratified random sampling. The participants self-reported demographic, social, medical, and lifestyle data and completed the validated Arabic version of the Eating Attitudes Test-26, Social Networking Sites (SNSs) Usage Questionnaire, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Body Shape Questionnaire. Results The prevalence of DEBs was 27.2% among the female students at Taif University. From the pre-pandemic period until the current time, the DEBs-risk group had a significantly higher SNS navigation rate (36.4%) than the normal group (20.4%) (X 2 = 30.015, p = 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that females with a significant body image concern, higher number of SNSs friends, and frequent visits to SNSs, and those seeking social-dependent information in relation to weight loss/dieting were more likely to develop DEBs (Overall Model: Chi-Square X 2 = 158.071, p < 0.000**). Conclusions SNSs usage and DEBs were associated during the COVID-pandemic. However, the composite lifestyle score did not demonstrate a significant association with DEBs among the female students at Taif University. Investigating the magnitude of DEBs and understanding the role of SNS are essential for preventing disordered eating among young females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alotaibi Abdulaziz Raja N
- Department of Public Health, Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nermin A. Osman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Muidh Alqethami
- Department of Public Health, Directorate of Health Affairs in Taif, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesrin Kamal Abd El-Fatah
- Department of Nutrition, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,*Correspondence: Nesrin Kamal Abd El-Fatah
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16
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Al-Ahmadi HH. The Significance of Software Engineering to Forecast the Public Health Issues: A Case of Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:900075. [PMID: 36062119 PMCID: PMC9433742 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, public health has become a core issue addressed by researchers. However, because of our limited knowledge, studies mainly focus on the causes of public health issues. On the contrary, this study provides forecasts of public health issues using software engineering techniques and determinants of public health. Our empirical findings show significant impacts of carbon emission and health expenditure on public health. The results confirm that support vector machine (SVM) outperforms the forecasting of public health when compared to multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) technique. The findings are valuable to policymakers in forecasting public health issues and taking preemptive actions to address the relevant health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Hassan Al-Ahmadi
- Software Engineering Department, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Alqahtani JS. Prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality rates of COPD in Saudi Arabia: Trends in burden of COPD from 1990 to 2019. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268772. [PMID: 35588429 PMCID: PMC9119447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The available data to determine the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study closely examines and tracks the trends of the COPD burden in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019 using the dataset of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019. Methods This study used the GBD 2019 dataset to analyse the COPD prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality rates in the Saudi Arabian population from 1990 to 2019, stratified by sex and age. The age-standardised rate was used to determine the prevalence, incidence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths. Results In 2019, an estimated 434,560.64 people (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI) 396,011.72–473,596.71) had COPD in Saudi Arabia, corresponding to an increase of 329.82% compared with the number of diagnosed people in 1990 [101,104.05 (95% UI 91,334.4–111,223.91)]. The prevalence rate of COPD increased by 49%, from 1,381.26 (1,285.35–1,484.96) cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 2,053.04 (1918.06–2194.29) cases per 100,000 in 2019, and this trend was higher in males than females. The incidence rate of COPD in 2019 was 145.06 (136.62–154.76) new cases per 100,000, representing an increase of 43.4% from the 1990 incidence rate [101.18 (95.27–107.86)]. In 2019, the DALYs rate was 508.15 (95% UI 434.85–581.58) per 100,000 population. This was higher in males than females, with a 14.12% increase among males. In 2019, YLLs contributed to 63.6% of DALYs due to COPD. The death rate due to COPD was 19.6 (95% UI 15.94–23.39) deaths per 100 000 in 2019, indicating a decrease of 41.44% compared with the death rate in 1990 [33.55 deaths per 100 000 (95% UI 25.13–47.69)]. In 2019, COPD deaths accounted for 1.65% (1.39–1.88) of the total of deaths in Saudi Arabia and 57% of all deaths caused by chronic respiratory diseases. Conclusion Over the period 1990–2019, the prevalence and incidence of COPD in Saudi Arabia have been steadily rising. Even though COPD morbidity and death rates have been decreasing, they remain higher in men and older age. The holistic assessment and interventions with careful attention to optimising the community-based primary care management, such as screening for early diagnosis, smoking cessation programs and pulmonary rehabilitation, are likely to be the most successful strategies to reduce the burden of COPD in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber S. Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Head of Scientific Research and Publication Department, Vice Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Patterns and Associations of Physical Activity, Screen Time, Sleep, and Dietary Habits among Saudi Females Participating in Fitness Centers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10060958. [PMID: 35742017 PMCID: PMC9222570 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the level and associations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and dietary habits among Saudi women attending fitness centers in Riyadh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 12 fitness centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 460 participants answered a two-part survey self-administered questionnaire, which included information about the demographic characteristics and lifestyle. The analysis found significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, weight, BMI, and combined prevalence of being overweight and obese. Compared with less active females, high active females showed significantly more favorable dietary habits (p < 0.05). Significantly higher values were observed for the total physical activity energy expenditure in METs-min/week (p = 0.028). Moreover, females with high screen time (>3 h per day) were younger, less active, slept longer, and had higher intakes of fast foods and chocolates/candy intake (p = 0.001). Overall, the participants were highly active, exceeding the recommended physical activity needed to enhance health. The analysis also showed sufficient sleep duration (>7 h/night) was significantly associated with the diet and nutrition of the participants. Health education programs are needed to reduce the risks of sedentary behavior, sleep problems, and dietary habits.
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Alothman SA, Alghannam AF, Almasud AA. Anthropometric Measurements, Sociodemographics, and Lifestyle Behaviors among Saudi Adolescents Living in Riyadh Relative to Sex and Activity Energy Expenditure: Findings from the Arab Teens Lifestyle Study 2 (ATLS-2). Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010110. [PMID: 35010983 PMCID: PMC8746972 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the anthropometric measurements, sociodemographics, and lifestyle behaviors among Saudi adolescents relative to sex and physical activity (PA). A random cross-sectional survey conducted on Saudi adolescents from secondary schools in Riyadh, using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Measurements included demographics, weight, height, waist circumference, PA, sedentary behaviors (SB), sleep duration, and dietary habits using a validated questionnaire. A total of 1262 adolescents (16.4 ± 0.95 years; 52.4% males) were studied. Overweight/obesity was more than 40%. Physical inactivity among adolescents was 53%, which indicates some improvement over the past years, especially among females. More than 80% of adolescents had over three hours/day of screen time, with no significant sex differences. Insufficient sleep was highly prevalent with gender differences. A large proportion of the participants did not consume daily breakfast (65.7%), vegetables (73.2%), fruits (84.2%), or milk/dairy products (62.4%), whereas significant proportions of the adolescents consumed sugar-sweetened drinks, fast food, French fries/potato chips, cake/donuts, and chocolates/candy on at least three days or more per week. It was concluded that non-daily intake of breakfast and vegetables was significantly associated with lower PA. The updated information can aid in effectively planning and implementing promotional programs toward improving the lifestyle behaviors of Saudi adolescent.
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Al-Hazzaa HM, Albawardi NM. Obesity, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Dietary Habits of Saudi Adolescents Living in Riyadh (ATLS-2 Project): Revisited after a Ten-Year Period. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101078. [PMID: 34685449 PMCID: PMC8537999 DOI: 10.3390/life11101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Undesirable lifestyle behaviors are associated with many adverse health outcomes. This study revisited the lifestyle behaviors, dietary habits, and overweight/obesity status of Saudi adolescents from Riyadh during the year 2019/2020. We report on the rationale, design, and methodology of the current study and provide preliminary findings of the changes that occurred between the two cross-sectional studies within the span of a ten-year period. Methods: A comparison was made between two cross-sectional studies, one conducted in 2009/2010 and the other in 2019/2020, using the same design, methods, and instruments. A multistage stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select adolescents attending public and private secondary schools. Measurements included demographics, weight, height, waist circumference, physical activity (using valid questionnaire and accelerometer), sedentary time, sleep duration, and dietary habits. Results: The total number of participants was 1262 adolescents, of which 52.4% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 16.4 ± 0.95 years. About 41% of paternal and 39.1% of maternal education levels were university degrees. Over 37% of the families earned more than SAR 20,000/month. Body mass index and waist circumference of males was larger than that of females and the overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 40.5% with significance (p < 0.001) difference between males (47.3%) and females (32.8%). Between 2009/2010 and 2019/2020 datasets, there were significant changes in age (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p < 0.001), screen time (p < 0.001), moderate-intensity physical activity (p < 0.001), vigorous-intensity physical activity (p < 0.001), total physical activity (p < 0.001), and consumption of breakfast (p = 0.015) and fruits (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The most notable change between the two studies was a significant reduction in the prevalence of physical inactivity among Saudi adolescents, which was due to increased levels of moderate-intensity physical activity among Saudi females, as a result of recent positive sociopolitical changes occurring in the country over the past four years. The findings provided rich information that can be used to explore trends in overweight/obesity, lifestyle behaviors, and dietary habits among Saudi adolescents over the past ten-year period.
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Murtagh E, Shalash A, Martin R, Abu Rmeileh N. Measurement and prevalence of adult physical activity levels in Arab countries. Public Health 2021; 198:129-140. [PMID: 34418764 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the reported prevalence of sufficient physical activity among adults in Arab countries and to determine the use of validated instruments for assessing physical activity. STUDY DESIGN This is a systematic literature review. METHODS This review follows recommendations outlined in the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The protocol for this study was preregistered with PROSPERO. Cross-sectional, cohort and intervention studies with a minimum of 300 adults aged ≥18 years assessing physical activity using a questionnaire or other self-report measure in the Arabic language were identified from seven electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscu and PubMed). Databases were searched from 1st January 2008 to 17th September 2018. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequency and percentages. The prevalence of physical activity was calculated as the average prevalence for the reported percentages from the studies with similar tools. RESULTS Fifty studies involving 298,242 participants were included in this review. The mean (range) sample size was 5964.8.1 (323-197,681). Data were collected from participants in 16 of the 22 Arab countries. Great variation exists across the studies in determining whether adults were sufficiently active or not. Twenty studies reported usable data from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (moderate & high categories). In these studies, prevalence of physical activity ranged from 34.2 to 96.9%. It was not possible to compare the other studies owing to variation in instruments used to assess physical activity and in the case definition used for 'physically active'. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need for wider reporting of physical activity and the adoption of valid and reliable instruments to support the development of evidence-informed policy and programmes at both country and regional level. International tools need to be correctly validated, or context-specific tools must be developed to accurately measure physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Murtagh
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - A Shalash
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Palestine; School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - R Martin
- Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | - N Abu Rmeileh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Palestine
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Alsubaie ASR. Exploring health-risk behaviors related to road safety and car drifting among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: the co-occurrence of multiple risk behaviors. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:105-112. [PMID: 32549170 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2019-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Adolescence is a fundamental stage of life where they go through huge changes and development. As a result, they are more likely to engage in behaviors that may jeopardize their life and health. The main objectives of this paper is to investigate risky-behaviors related to road traffic safety and dangerious car drifting among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methods This was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted among male school adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A multi-stage probability sampling technique was performed to recruit the participants. A total of 1,501 male adolescents were included in this study, studying in private and public high schools. Results A total of 78.7% of the students were found to be driving cars, which indicated that a high proportion of adolescents drive without a license. A total of 96% and 97.7% of adolescents do not use seat belt when driving nor when riding a vehicle as a passenger, respectively. Using helmet was a very rare practice among adolescents since only 1.4% and 2.0% wore a helmet when using non-motorized and motorized vehicles, respectively. Attending car drifting events, joining people while performing car drifting and actual performing car drifting were prevalent as 46.7%, 42.9%, 36.1%, respectively. About 58% of the adolescents reported not been taught about how to avoid traffic accidents, and 80% reported the need for more health education regarding traffic safety. The logistic regression analysis indicates adolescents car drifting was independently associated with adolescents' age (OR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.1-1.3; p < 0.01), studying in private schools (OR = 1.2; 95%CI = 1.2-2.0; p≤ 0.015), being Saudi (OR = 2.5; 95%CI = 1.9-2.8; p < 0.001), do not like schools (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.4-2.4; p < 0.001) and poor academic performance (OR = 1.7; 95%CI = 1.3-2.3; p < 0.001). Also, the adjusted logistic regression confirmed that car drifting was independently associated with several health risk behaviors including joining people performing car drifting, attending car drifting events, not brushing teeth, smoking behavior, want to use drugs, carrying weapons, and taking part in bullying others. Conclusion Large proportions of adolescents engage in multiple risky road traffic behaviors. Therefore, it is strongly advisable for policymakers and other stakeholders to devise national strategies that consider road safety and risky driving behaviors among adolescents and school students. This study calls for a strategic intervention plan to change the culture of risky driving through a structured and comprehensive curriculum in school settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saad R Alsubaie
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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The burden of disease in Saudi Arabia 1990-2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e195-e208. [PMID: 32442495 PMCID: PMC7653403 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Availability of data to assess the population health and provision and quality of health care in Saudi Arabia has been lacking. In 2010, Saudi Arabia began a major investment and transformation programme in the health-care sector. Here we assess the impact of this investment era on mortality, health loss, risk factors, and health-care services in the country. METHODS We used results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to describe the levels and temporal patterns in deaths, health loss, risk factors, and health-care access and quality in the Saudi Arabian population during 1990-2010 (before the health-care investments and reform) and 2010-17 (during health-care investments and reform). We also compared patterns in health outcomes between these periods with those in the north Africa and the Middle East GBD region and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. FINDINGS Age-standardised mortality in Saudi Arabia decreased from 1990 to 2010 (annualised rate of change of -0·58%), and this decrease was further accelerated from 2010 to 2017 (-2·20%). The north Africa and the Middle East GBD region also had decreases in mortality during these periods, but for 2010-17 the decrease was not as low as in Saudi Arabia (-1·29%). Transport injuries decreased from third ranked cause of disability-adjusted life-years in 2010 to fifth ranked cause in 2017 in Saudi Arabia, below cardiovascular diseases (ranked first) and musculoskeletal disorders (ranked second). Years lived with disability (YLDs) due to mental disorders, substance use disorders, neoplasms, and neurological disorders consistently increased over the periods 1990-2010 and 2010-17. Between 1990 and 2017, attributable YLDs due to metabolic, behavioural, and environmental or occupational risk factors remained almost unchanged in Saudi Arabia, with high body-mass index, high fasting plasma glucose concentration, and drug use increasing across all age groups. Health-care Access and Quality (HAQ) Index levels increased in Saudi Arabia during this period with similar patterns to the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and the north Africa and the Middle East GBD region. INTERPRETATION Decreases in mortality continued at greater rates in Saudi Arabia during the period of 2010-17 than in 1990-2010. HAQ Index levels have also improved. Public health policy makers in Saudi Arabia need to increase efforts to address preventable risk factors that are major contributors to the burden of ill health and disability. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Alzaheb RA, Altemani AH. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dyslipidemia Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4033-4040. [PMID: 33149642 PMCID: PMC7604430 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s246068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is a key clinical abnormality among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, which heightens their risk of cardiovascular events. Data on the serum lipid profile of type 2 DM (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia are scarce. This study therefore aimed to establish dyslipidemia prevalence in a sample of adult T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia and to investigate its associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was applied to 400 adult T2DM outpatients in attendance at a diabetic center clinic in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia between September 2017 and December 2018 using convenience sampling. Structured questionnaires gathered data relating to the potential risk factors for dyslipidemia. Data on fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were collected from all participants along with their height and weight measurements. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then used to evaluate the associated risk factors for dyslipidemia. RESULTS Of the sampled outpatients, 47.8% had high TC levels, 39.0% had high LDL-C, 35.5% had low HDL-C, 42.8% had high TG levels, and 66.5% had a minimum of one abnormal lipid level (dyslipidemia). The risk factors associated with dyslipidemia were an age of >40 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.96, 95% CI 1.19-3.22), irregular exercise (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI 1.21-6.92), a family history of T2DM (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI 2.22-6.23), having had T2DM for >7 years (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.46-3.99), and overweight (AOR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.49-4.58) or obesity (AOR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.24-5.05). CONCLUSION Dyslipidemia prevalence was found to be high among T2DM patients. Therefore, a compressive mechanism is needed which can screen, treat, and inform them about dyslipidemia and its risk factors, especially modifiable ones such as obesity and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh A Alzaheb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Riyadh A Alzaheb Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk71491, Saudi ArabiaTel/Fax +966-144-562-723 Email
| | - Abdullah H Altemani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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AlTamimi AA, Albawardi NM, AlMarzooqi MA, Aljubairi M, Al-Hazzaa HM. Lifestyle Behaviors and Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Overweight or Obesity Among Saudi Females Attending Fitness Centers. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2613-2622. [PMID: 32821137 PMCID: PMC7419638 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s255628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of overweight or obesity with several lifestyle and socio-demographic factors among Saudi women attending fitness centers in Riyadh. METHODS Saudi females (n = 460) aged 16 years and older were recruited from 12 randomly selected fitness centers in Riyadh, using a stratified clustered sampling technique. Bodyweight and height were measured. Lifestyle behaviors were assessed using a previously validated instrument, and included physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and dietary habits. RESULTS Over 62% of the participants were either overweight or obese. Mean BMI values for females younger than age 30 years (26.4 ± 5.3) were significantly lower than those 30 years of age or older (29.2±5.6, p >0.001). There was a significant correlation (r = 0.450, p < 0.001) between BMI levels and the participant's reason to engage in exercise for weight loss. Females who were overweight/obese are significantly older, married, have more children, have a lower educational degree, earn less income, have higher numbers of obese in the family, and had attempted to lose weight more frequently than non-overweight/non-obese females. No significant differences were detected between females who were overweight/obese and those who were not overweight/obese in the majority of the lifestyle-related variables, except that females who were not overweight or obese showed lower weekly consumption of milk and dairy products (p =0.029) and higher intakes of fast foods per week (p =0.049). CONCLUSION Weight loss attempts, age, number of obese in the family, and females' education level emerged as the most important contributory factors to obesity status, explaining nearly 23% of the common variances. A better understanding of the relationships between obesity and lifestyle behaviors is necessary for effective prevention and management of obesity in Saudi females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A AlTamimi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Albawardi
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mezna A AlMarzooqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad Aljubairi
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa Email
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ALAhmari T, Alomar AZ, ALBeeybe J, Asiri N, ALAjaji R, ALMasoud R, Al-Hazzaa HM. Associations of self-esteem with body mass index and body image among Saudi college-age females. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:1199-1207. [PMID: 29282654 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of self-esteem with the body mass index (BMI), perceived body image (BI), and desired BI of college-age Saudi females. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 907 randomly selected females using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Self-esteem and BI were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of low self-esteem was only 6.1% among college females; however, this percentage was higher (9.8%) among overweight or obese participants. The total self-esteem scores showed significant negative correlations with actual BMI and perceived BI, but not with desired BI. Meanwhile, multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in total self-esteem scores according to obesity/overweight status and perceived BI group, but not desired BI group. CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia, few Saudi college females have low self-esteem. In addition, body weight, BMI, perceived BI, and the BMI corresponding to the perceived BI all significantly differed between females with low self-esteem and those with normal self-esteem. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem ALAhmari
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Z Alomar
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Orthopedics, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jumanah ALBeeybe
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Asiri
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema ALAjaji
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem ALMasoud
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7805, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Professor Emeritus, Pediatric Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alzamil HA, Alhakbany MA, Alfadda NA, Almusallam SM, Al-Hazzaa HM. A Profile of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Sleep, and Dietary Habits of Saudi College Female Students. J Family Community Med 2019; 26:1-8. [PMID: 30697098 PMCID: PMC6335843 DOI: 10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_58_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported valid comprehensive data on lifestyle habits of Saudi college females. In addition, studies on sedentary behaviors (SBs) and the duration of sleep of Saudi college students are rare. Saudi females appear to be less physically active and therefore, at a higher risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate lifestyle patterns of Saudi college females, including physical activity (PA), SBs, duration of sleep, and dietary habits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among females attending health science colleges of King Saud University, using multistage stratified cluster sample (n = 456). Weight, height, PA, SB, sleep, and dietary habits were all assessed using a previously validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Nearly half of the college females were physically inactive. Females exercised mostly at home or alone at no specific time of day. Their activity was for health reasons (43.4%) for weight loss (28.7%); lack of time (71.2%) was the primary reason for inactivity. The majority (>85%) of females spent more time in sedentary activity (>3 h/day) while 95% of females had insufficient sleep (<8 h/night). Over 40% of the participants consumed breakfast or vegetables 5 days or more per week, whereas the corresponding proportions for fruit and milk/dairy products intake were 19.4% and 58.4%, respectively. The proportions of college females who consumed less healthy foods for 3+ days/week were fairly variable, ranging from 21.1% for French fries to 60.4% for chocolates/candy. The predictors of total PA time were increased the duration of sleep and reduced intake of French fries/potato chips. CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy lifestyle habit appears prevalent among Saudi college females. Efforts toward promoting PA, decreasing SB, and insufficient sleep and improving dietary habits in Saudi females are needed to reduce future risks of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana A Alzamil
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manan A Alhakbany
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A Alfadda
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Almusallam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Thani MA, Khaled SM. "Toxic pleasures": A study of eating out behavior in Arab female university students and its associations with psychological distress and disordered eating. Eat Behav 2018; 31:125-130. [PMID: 30261365 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
University years are a critical period in which young people establish independence and adopt lasting health behaviors. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between eating out, psychological distress, and disordered eating behaviors among young Arab females in Qatar a rapidly developing small nation. A cross-sectional probability-based survey of 1615 Qatar University's female students assessed the frequency of eating out (main independent variable) and other eating behaviors in relation to two main dependent variables, disordered eating and psychological distress, which were measured using the Eating Attitudes Test and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, respectively. Multivariable logistic-regression analyses were used to estimate these two main associations with and without adjustment for other potential confounding variables, including the main effects of psychological distress and disordered eating on each other. Of the students, 45% reported eating out 3 times or more a week. Furthermore, approximately 18% screened positive for disordered eating and 33% reported high levels of psychological distress in the past 30 days. After adjustment for other variables, eating out 5 times or more a week was not significantly associated with the odds of disordered eating (OR 1.21, p = 0.32). However, eating out 5 times or more per week was significantly associated with odds of having psychological distress (OR 1.46, p = 0.03). Both psychological distress and disordered eating were strongly associated with each other (OR 2.58, p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam A Al-Thani
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Salma M Khaled
- Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Alhakbany MA, Alzamil HA, Alabdullatif WA, Aldekhyyel SN, Alsuhaibani MN, Al-Hazzaa HM. Lifestyle Habits in Relation to Overweight and Obesity among Saudi Women Attending Health Science Colleges. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2018; 8:13-19. [PMID: 30859782 PMCID: PMC7325814 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2018.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examined the associations between lifestyle habits and overweight/obesity among Saudi females attending health science colleges. A total of 454 female students were randomly recruited from five health science colleges at King Saud University, using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. All participants answered a validated questionnaire to assess physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB), sleep duration, and dietary habits. Results showed that the prevalence of overweight (21.4%) plus obesity (8.1%) among female participants was 29.5%. There was no significant difference between overweight/obese and nonoverweight/nonobese females in PA, screen time, sleep duration, or dietary habits. Overall, 50.4% of the participants were physically inactive (activity energy expenditure was <600 metabolic equivalent minutes per week). Active females showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher intakes of vegetables and fruits, lower chocolate/candy consumption (p = 0.05), and higher proportion of sufficient sleeping duration (>8 hours per night) (p < 0.001). It was concluded that half of the Saudi females in this study were physically inactive. Although PA positively impacted some of the lifestyle habits of college females, overweight/obesity was not associated with PA, SB, sleeping time, or dietary habits among the participants. Future research should attempt to elucidate the key factors involved in such relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hana A. Alzamil
- Physiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Hazzaa HM, AlMarzooqi MA. Descriptive Analysis of Physical Activity Initiatives for Health Promotion in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2018; 6:329. [PMID: 30488032 PMCID: PMC6246731 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the benefits of physical activity are well acknowledged, a high percentage of Saudi population, especially females, remain essentially physically inactive. Getting inactive people to start participating in physical activity and to keep exercising remains a great challenge. Physical activity initiatives in the country have not been previously documented. Therefore, the aim of this article was to provide a narrative review of the physical activity initiatives and discusses influencing factors. Methods: Publically-available physical activity initiatives conducted before June 2018 were searched through the web or they were obtained straight from the organization themselves. The search focus was on any initiative aimed to promote physical activity and mass sports participation and encourage people to adopt active living habit. Results: Numerous initiatives aimed at promoting physical activity existed in Saudi Arabia. However, a common attribute of these initiatives is that they were fragmented, short term attempts, and lacked a coordinating body. The majority of the physical activity initiatives also lacked objective evaluations of their outcomes. It was clear that more physical activity opportunity must be provided for Saudi girls, women, and elderly. There is a need for establishing a national policy encouraging active living and discouraging sedentary lifestyle with contributions from all involved parties. Conclusions: Based on the available evidences, more intensified efforts toward promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors among Saudi population are needed in order to reduce the risks of NCD's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research, Health Science Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mezna A AlMarzooqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aboshaiqah AE, Cruz JP. Quality of Life and Its Predictors Among Nursing Students in Saudi Arabia. J Holist Nurs 2018; 37:200-208. [DOI: 10.1177/0898010118784147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the quality of life (QOL) and its predictors among nursing students in a university in Saudi Arabia. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional design. Method: A convenience sample of 175 baccalaureate nursing students from a university in Saudi Arabia was surveyed in this study. Using the WHOQOL-BREF and a sociodemographic sheet, the QOL and its predictors among Saudi nursing students were investigated. Findings: The respondents reported a mean score of 4.09 ( SD = 0.71) and 4.02 ( SD = 0.87) for their overall perceptions of QOL and health, respectively. The psychological and physical health of these students had the highest and poorest QOL perception, respectively. Gender, academic year level, community type, and monthly family income exerted a multivariate effect on the four domains of QOL. Conclusion: The study underscores the need to ensure the highest level of health and well-being among nursing students while they are undergoing training for their professional roles as nurses. The findings should be utilized by policymakers in nursing institutions in Saudi Arabia in creating policies centered on the holistic development of nursing students in the country.
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Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:177-186. [PMID: 28776240 PMCID: PMC5973961 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to update our previous publication on the burden of diabetes and chronic kidney disease due to diabetes (CKD-DM) during 1990-2015. METHODS We extracted GBD 2015 estimates for prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of diabetes (including burden of low vision due to diabetes, neuropathy, and amputations and CKD-DM for 22 countries of the EMR from the GBD visualization tools. RESULTS In 2015, 135,230 (95% UI 123,034-148,184) individuals died from diabetes and 16,470 (95% UI 13,977-18,961) from CKD-DM, 216 and 179% increases, respectively, compared to 1990. The total number of people with diabetes was 42.3 million (95% UI 38.6-46.4 million) in 2015. DALY rates of diabetes in 2015 were significantly higher than the expected rates based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a large and increasing burden of diabetes in the region. There is an urgency in dealing with diabetes and its consequences, and these efforts should be at the forefront of health prevention and promotion.
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Ssewanyana D, Nyongesa MK, van Baar A, Newton CR, Abubakar A. Health risk behavior among chronically ill adolescents: a systematic review of assessment tools. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2017; 11:32. [PMID: 28725261 PMCID: PMC5512752 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents living with chronic illnesses engage in health risk behaviors (HRB) which pose challenges for optimizing care and management of their ill health. Frequent monitoring of HRB is recommended, however little is known about which are the most useful tools to detect HRB among chronically ill adolescents. AIMS This systematic review was conducted to address important knowledge gaps on the assessment of HRB among chronically ill adolescents. Its specific aims were to: identify HRB assessment tools, the geographical location of the studies, their means of administration, the psychometric properties of the tools and the commonest forms of HRB assessed among adolescents living with chronic illnesses globally. METHODS We searched in four bibliographic databases of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts for empirical studies published until April 2017 on HRB among chronically ill adolescents aged 10-17 years. RESULTS This review indicates a major dearth of research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents especially in low income settings. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System and Health Behavior in School-aged Children were the commonest HRB assessment tools. Only 21% of the eligible studies reported psychometric properties of the HRB tools or items. Internal consistency was good and varied from 0.73 to 0.98 whereas test-retest reliability varied from unacceptable (0.58) to good (0.85). Numerous methods of tool administration were also identified. Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use and physical inactivity are the commonest forms of HRB assessed. CONCLUSION Evidence on the suitability of the majority of the HRB assessment tools has so far been documented in high income settings where most of them have been developed. The utility of such tools in low resource settings is often hampered by the cultural and contextual variations across regions. The psychometric qualities were good but only reported in a minority of studies from high income settings. This result points to the need for more resources and capacity building for tool adaptation and validation, so as to enhance research on HRB among chronically ill adolescents in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Ssewanyana
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moses Kachama Nyongesa
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anneloes van Baar
- 0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charles R. Newton
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Amina Abubakar
- 0000 0001 0155 5938grid.33058.3dCentre for Geographic Medicine Research Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya ,0000000120346234grid.5477.1Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,grid.449370.dDepartment of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
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Azzeh FS, Kensara OA, Helal OF, Abd El-Kafy EM. Association of the body mass index with the overall stability index in young adult Saudi males. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:157-163. [PMID: 31435231 PMCID: PMC6694990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies have focused on obesity-induced balance instability in the older population, which has been understudied in young adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of obesity on dynamic balance in young adult Saudi males. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 704 young adult males aged between 18 and 35 years from Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA, was performed. The obesity-induced balance was evaluated with a Biodex Balance System apparatus with a movable platform, and the overall stability index (OSI) was measured as an indicator of dynamic balance. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 were considered obese. RESULTS The mean age and BMI of the participants was 20 years and 25.6 kg/m2, respectively. The mean OSI of the entire sample was 0.9, and the OSI values increased significantly (p < 0.001) with increasing BMI. The adjusted correlation between OSI and BMI was 0.487 (p < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that for each one-unit increment in BMI, there was an expected rise of 0.115 units in the OSI value. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the optimal threshold of the weight and BMI cutoff points that optimized the OSI values were 18.8 kg/m2 and 54.5 kg, respectively, with high sensitivity and specificity values. In addition, BMI affected approximately 23% of the total variability on balance (partial eta squared = 0.227, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Obesity has a clear impact on dynamic balance in the selected young males. Weight management programs for obese subjects should be encouraged to optimize BMI and weight, which can attenuate balance stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas S. Azzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Osama A. Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Omar F. Helal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA
| | - Ehab M. Abd El-Kafy
- Department of Physical Therapy for Disturbances of Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children and its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Azzeh FS, Bukhari HM, Header EA, Ghabashi MA, Al-Mashi SS, Noorwali NM. Trends in overweight or obesity and other anthropometric indices in adults aged 18-60 years in western Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2017; 37:106-113. [PMID: 28377539 PMCID: PMC6150549 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased considerably in Saudi Arabia in the past two decades. We conducted this study because to examine trends in weight gain with age and related anthropometric measurements in Saudi Arabia such data are limited. OBJECTIVE To determine trends in overweight and obesity and examine anthropometric indices by age group. DESIGN Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING Universities, malls, and hospitals in the cities of Mecca, Jeddah, and Al-Taif. METHODS Participants were selected by convenience sampling. Body weight, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, and skeletal muscle percentage were measured with the Omron body composition monitor device. Waist circumference, height, and body mass index (BMI) were also measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in BMI, body fat percentage, visceral fat percentage, and skel-etal muscle with age for both genders. RESULTS We selected 2548 Saudis, 1423 males and 1125 females, aged 18 to 60 years. A significant trend (ptrend < .001) for BMI and all anthropometric indices was observed with age for both genders. About 55.1% of the participants were overweight and obese (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Obesity and overweight were more prevalent in men than in women and was observed early in both genders, at the ages of 18-19 in men and 30-39 years for women. In the age range of 40-60 years, muscle mass dropped significantly (P < .05) for both genders. Mean waist circumference and visceral fat were significantly (P < .001) higher in men than in women, but the mean total body fat percentage was higher in females than in males (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Significant trends were observed for BMI, WC, body fat, visceral fat, and muscle mass for both genders with age. National programs should be maintained to encourage physical activity and weight reduction as well as focusing on obesity-related lifestyle and behaviors at early ages to prevent weight gain and possibly muscle wasting with age. LIMITATIONS There was an unequal distribution in numbers of subjects between study groups. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Sultan Azzeh
- Prof. Firas Sultan Azzeh, Department of Clinical Nutrition,, Umm Al-Qura University,, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia, T: +966-540833661, F: +966-25720000-4227, , ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1400-5465
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