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Acevedo-Román A, Pagán-Zayas N, Velázquez-Rivera LI, Torres-Ventura AC, Godoy-Vitorino F. Insights into Gut Dysbiosis: Inflammatory Diseases, Obesity, and Restoration Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9715. [PMID: 39273662 PMCID: PMC11396321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is one of the most critical factors in human health. It involves numerous physiological processes impacting host health, mainly via immune system modulation. A balanced microbiome contributes to the gut's barrier function, preventing the invasion of pathogens and maintaining the integrity of the gut lining. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiome's composition and function, disrupts essential processes and contributes to various diseases. This narrative review summarizes key findings related to the gut microbiota in modern multifactorial inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. It addresses the challenges posed by antibiotic-driven dysbiosis, particularly in the context of C. difficile infections, and the development of novel therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation and biotherapeutic drugs to combat these infections. An emphasis is given to restoration of the healthy gut microbiome through dietary interventions, probiotics, prebiotics, and novel approaches for managing gut-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Acevedo-Román
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Natalia Pagán-Zayas
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Liz I Velázquez-Rivera
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Aryanne C Torres-Ventura
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
| | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Microbiology Department, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan 00936, Puerto Rico
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Lazar L, Eshel A, Moadi L, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Bar-Maisels M, Shtaif B, Nevo M, Phillip M, Turjeman S, Koren O, Gat-Yablonski G. Children with idiopathic short stature have significantly different gut microbiota than their normal height siblings: a case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1343337. [PMID: 38464968 PMCID: PMC10920232 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1343337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the role of gut microbiota (GM) in pathogenesis of idiopathic short stature (ISS) by comparing GM of ISS children to their normal-height siblings. Methods This case-control study, conducted at the Schneider Children's Medical Center's Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes between 4/2018-11/2020, involved 30 pairs of healthy pre-pubertal siblings aged 3-10 years, each comprising one sibling with ISS and one with normal height. Outcome measures from fecal analysis of both siblings included GM composition analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, fecal metabolomics, and monitoring the growth of germ-free (GF) mice after fecal transplantation. Results Fecal analysis of ISS children identified higher predicted levels of genes encoding enzymes for pyrimidine, purine, flavin, coenzyme B, and thiamine biosynthesis, lower levels of several amino acids, and a significantly higher prevalence of the phylum Euryarchaeota compared to their normal-height siblings (p<0.001). ISS children with higher levels of Methanobrevibacter, the dominant species in the archaeal gut community, were significantly shorter in stature than those with lower levels (p=0.022). Mice receiving fecal transplants from ISS children did not experience stunted growth, probably due to the eradication of Methanobrevibacter caused by exposure to oxygen during fecal collection. Discussion Our findings suggest that different characteristics in the GM may explain variations in linear growth. The varying levels of Methanobrevibacter demonstrated within the ISS group reflect the multifactorial nature of ISS and the potential ability of the GM to partially explain growth variations. The targeting of specific microbiota could provide personalized therapies to improve growth in children with ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Lazar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Adi Eshel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Lelyan Moadi
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meytal Bar-Maisels
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Biana Shtaif
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Nevo
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Bosnjak M, Karpe AV, Van TTH, Kotsanas D, Jenkin GA, Costello SP, Johanesen P, Moore RJ, Beale DJ, Srikhanta YN, Palombo EA, Larcombe S, Lyras D. Multi-omics analysis of hospital-acquired diarrhoeal patients reveals biomarkers of enterococcal proliferation and Clostridioides difficile infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7737. [PMID: 38007555 PMCID: PMC10676382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired diarrhoea (HAD) is common, and often associated with gut microbiota and metabolome dysbiosis following antibiotic administration. Clostridioides difficile is the most significant antibiotic-associated diarrhoeal (AAD) pathogen, but less is known about the microbiota and metabolome associated with AAD and C. difficile infection (CDI) with contrasting antibiotic treatment. We characterised faecal microbiota and metabolome for 169 HAD patients (33 with CDI and 133 non-CDI) to determine dysbiosis biomarkers and gain insights into metabolic strategies C. difficile might use for gut colonisation. The specimen microbial community was analysed using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, coupled with untargeted metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiling using GC-MS. AAD and CDI patients were associated with a spectrum of dysbiosis reflecting non-antibiotic, short-term, and extended-antibiotic treatment. Notably, extended antibiotic treatment was associated with enterococcal proliferation (mostly vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium) coupled with putative biomarkers of enterococcal tyrosine decarboxylation. We also uncovered unrecognised metabolome dynamics associated with concomitant enterococcal proliferation and CDI, including biomarkers of Stickland fermentation and amino acid competition that could distinguish CDI from non-CDI patients. Here we show, candidate metabolic biomarkers for diagnostic development with possible implications for CDI and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Bosnjak
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Despina Kotsanas
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Grant A Jenkin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel P Costello
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, South Australia, Australia
| | - Priscilla Johanesen
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yogitha N Srikhanta
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Larcombe
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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High Prevalence of Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 176 in the University Hospital in Kosice. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030430. [PMID: 36986352 PMCID: PMC10055383 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, caused by antibiotics, plays a key role in the establishment of Clostridioides difficile CD). Toxin-producing strains are involved in the pathogenesis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), one of the most common hospital-acquired infections. We cultured a total of 84 C. difficile isolates from stool samples of patients hospitalized at Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Kosice, Slovakia, that were suspected of CDI and further characterized by molecular methods. The presence of genes encoding toxin A, toxin B, and binary toxin was assessed by toxin-specific PCR. CD ribotypes were detected using capillary-based electrophoresis ribotyping. A total of 96.4% of CD isolates carried genes encoding toxins A and B, and 54.8% of them were positive for the binary toxin. PCR ribotyping showed the presence of three major ribotypes: RT 176 (n = 40, 47.6%); RT 001 (n = 23, 27.4%); and RT 014 (n = 7, 8.3%). Ribotype 176 predominated among clinical CD isolates in our hospital. The proportion of RT 176 and RT 001 in four hospital departments with the highest incidence of CDI cases was very specific, pointing to local CDI outbreaks. Based on our data, previous use of antibiotics represents a significant risk factor for the development of CDI in patients over 65 years of age.
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Lactobacilli, a Weapon to Counteract Pathogens through the Inhibition of Their Virulence Factors. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0027222. [PMID: 36286515 PMCID: PMC9664955 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00272-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several studies have reported an alarming increase in pathogen resistance to current antibiotic therapies and treatments. Therefore, the search for effective alternatives to counter their spread and the onset of infections is becoming increasingly important.
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Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Van den Abbeele P, Franckenstein D, Kuchina-Koch A, Marzorati M. Long-Term Lactulose Administration Improves Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic and C. difficile in the PathoGut TM SHIME Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1464. [PMID: 36358119 PMCID: PMC9686563 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and an important nosocomial infection with different severity degrees. Disruption of the gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics creates a proper environment for C. difficile colonization, proliferation, and clinical disease onset. Restoration of the gut microbial ecosystem through prebiotic interventions can constitute an effective complementary treatment of CDI. Using an adapted simulator of the human gut microbial ecosystem, the PathoGutTM SHIME, the effect of different long-term and repeated dose lactulose treatments was tested on C. difficile germination and growth in antibiotic-induced dysbiotic gut microbiota environments. The results showed that lactulose reduced the growth of viable C. difficile cells following clindamycin treatment, shifted the antibiotic-induced dysbiotic microbial community, and stimulated the production of health-promoting metabolites (especially butyrate). Recovery of the gut microenvironment by long-term lactulose administration following CDI was also linked to lactate production, decrease in pH and modulation of bile salt metabolism. At a structural level, lactulose showed a significant bifidogenic potential and restored key commensal members of the gut ecosystem such as Lactobacillaceae, Veillonellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. These results support further human intervention studies aiming to validate the in vitro beneficial effects of lactulose on gut microbiome recovery during antibiotic exposure and CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calatayud
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Microbiome-based therapeutics: Opportunity and challenges. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 191:229-262. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lawson JS, Glenn WK. Infection and food combine to cause atherosclerotic coronary heart disease - Review and hypothesis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 35:100807. [PMID: 34286061 PMCID: PMC8273202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS It is hypothesised that a combination of childhood and later life infections and excess food consumption, particularly of Western style food, initiates and contributes to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. To consider this hypothesis we have conducted a brief review of the role of childhood infections, food, and their combined influence on atherosclerosis. EVIDENCE (i) Studies of populations with high prevalence of infections and low "hunter gather" like food consumption, have extremely low prevalence of atherosclerosis, (ii) there are consistent associations between infections in childhood and adult atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, (iii) there is an association between increased body weight, (an indication of excess eating), and atherosclerotic heart disease, and (iv) there is evidence that a combination of increased body weight and infections influences the development of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease.Infections do not appear to act independently to cause atherosclerosis. A combination of both food and infection appears to be required to cause atheroma. CONCLUSION The hypothesis that infections when combined with excess eating initiates atherosclerosis, is plausible. ACTION Action aimed at prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease is possible. There are three safe approaches to prevention (i) encouragement of Mediterranean like diets, (ii) avoidance of overeating and (iii) vigorous control of infections among all age groups. There is a need to monitor patients with a history of serious childhood infections and poor nutrition. In addition, for high risk subjects, cholesterol lowering statins are of proven and safe value.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Lawson
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wendy K. Glenn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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