1
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Lyu H, Tang H, Feng Y, Hu S, Wang Y, Zhou L, Huang S, Li J, Zhu H, He X, Tang W, Zhou Y, Zhang L. Incidence and spontaneous clearance of gonorrhea and chlamydia infections among men who have sex with men: a prospective cohort study in Zhuhai, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1348686. [PMID: 38770362 PMCID: PMC11102956 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1348686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) face significant risks of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection. Nevertheless, only limited studies have looked into the site-specific infection and clearance of CT/NG. In order to prevent transmission, it is essential to understand the underlying factors that drive infection and spontaneous clearance. Methods A 12-week cohort study examined the association between CT/NG infection, self-clearance, and sexual behaviors among MSM. The Willingness Service recruited participants who completed weekly questionnaires and provided urine, throat, and rectal swab samples. Results The study involved 151 men, in which 51 (33.8%) were diagnosed with CT/NG infection during the study period. HIV (OR = 11.31), kissing (OR = 1.59), receptive oral sex (OR = 36.64), and insertive anal sex (OR = 19.73) constituted significant risk factors. 100% condom use (OR = 5.78) and antibiotic (OR = 7.53) were more likely to cause spontaneous clearance. Discussion MSM may engage in riskier sexual behaviors due to insufficient knowledge and awareness of STI prevention, leading to increased susceptibility to NG/CT. It is crucial to concentrate on enhancing health education for MSM. Conclusion This study found that the rectum was the most prevalent site of CT/NG and sexual behavior can influence the infection. Additionally, the appropriate use of antibiotics and consistent condom use may contribute to clear spontaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lyu
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haotong Tang
- Jieyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jieyang, China
| | - Yunlong Feng
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyan Hu
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shanzi Huang
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiarun Li
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huamei Zhu
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xi He
- Zhuhai Xutong Voluntary Services Center, Zhuhai, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Artificial Intelligence and Modelling in Epidemiology Program, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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2
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Ye ZH, Chen S, Liu F, Cui ST, Liu ZZ, Jiang YJ, Hu QH. Patterns of Sexually Transmitted Co-infections and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cross-Sectional Study in Shenyang, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:842644. [PMID: 35712312 PMCID: PMC9193278 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.842644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We sought to describe patterns of sexually transmitted co-infections and explore factors associated with increased acquisition of STIs among MSM. Methods We enrolled MSM in Shenyang, China, between July and December 2020 to test for four STIs, including human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and Treponema pallidum (TP). Data regarding demographic and behavioral characteristics of participants were collected through a self-administered digital questionnaire. We adopted the ordinal logistic regression model to identify factors associated with acquiring more STIs. Results Overall, 177 participants with completed test results for all four STIs were analyzed. These participants had a median age of 29.0 (interquartile range: 23.0-38.0) years. The prevalence of STI co-infections was 23.7% [42/177; 95% confidence interval (CI), 17.8%-30.8%], among which HPV/CT (47.1%) and HPV/CT/NG (50.0%) co-infection were the predominant types among participants with dual and multiple infections, respectively. Participants who had a higher educational background [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.85; P = 0.014] and had a history of STIs (aOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.24-5.18; P = 0.011) were positively associated with acquiring more STIs. Conclusions MSM in Shenyang suffer a substantial burden of sexually transmitted co-infections. An optimized multi-STI integration strategy targeting prevention, surveillance, screening, and treatment is warranted to reduce the prevalence of sexually transmitted co-infections, especially in less-educated MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hao Ye
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Tong Cui
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Zhen Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hai Hu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Gassowski M, Poethko-Müller C, Schlaud M, Sailer A, Dehmel K, Bremer V, Dudareva S, Jansen K, Baier M, Straube E, Baillot A, Bartsch P, Brüning T, Cremer J, Dallügge-Tamm H, Gröning A, Eicke S, Emrich D, Fritsche G, Gjavotchanoff R, Gohl P, Götzrath M, Meye A, Ehrhard I, Köpke B, Henrich B, Kastilan C, Lehmann S, Märzacker A, Miller B, Mohrmann G, Pache C, Pfüller R, Tiemann C, Wisplinghoff H, Müller T, Aepinus C. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the general population in Germany – a triangulation of data from two population-based health surveys and a laboratory sentinel system. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1107. [PMID: 35659641 PMCID: PMC9164541 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) is a common, frequently asymptomatic, sexually transmitted infection. It can result in severe sequelae, such as ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In Germany, chlamydia is not notifiable. An opportunistic screening program for women < 25 years was introduced in 2008. The aim of this research was to triangulate different data sources to describe the epidemiological situation of chlamydia in Germany and to investigate whether the current target group of the chlamydia screening program aligns with these findings. Methods Urine specimens from participants from population-based health examination surveys of children (2014–17) and adults (2008–11) were tested for chlamydia, using nucleic acid amplification testing. These data were used to generate weighted chlamydia prevalence estimates by age group and sex. Data from a nationwide chlamydia laboratory sentinel system (2014–16) were used to calculate the positive proportion among individuals tested for chlamydia by age, sex and test reason. Results Using data from the population-based surveys, we found a chlamydia prevalence estimate of 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–7.5%) among all 15- to 17-year-old girls and of 9.6% (95% CI 0.0–23) among those reporting to be sexually active. In adult women, we found the highest prevalence among 18- to 24-year-olds (all: 2.3%; 95% CI 1.0–5.3%; sexually active: 3.1%; 95% CI 1.3–7.0%). In adult men, we found the highest prevalence among 25- to 29-year-olds (all: 3.5%; 95% CI 1.6–7.7%; sexually active: 3.3%; 95% CI 1.3–7.8%). Data from the chlamydia laboratory sentinel showed the highest positive proportion among those opportunistically screened in 19-year-old women (6.1%; 95%- CI 5.9–6.4%), among those screened due to pregnancy in 15-year-old girls (10%; 95% CI 8.5–12%), and among those tested due to symptoms or a positive partner in 19-year-old women (10%; 95% CI 9.8–11%) and 19-year-old men (24%; 95% CI 22–26%). Conclusions Chlamydia seems to mainly affect adolescents and young adults in Germany, with similar overall prevalence in men and women, but with slightly different age distributions. Women at highest risk of chlamydia are covered by the current screening program but given the on-going discussions in high-income countries on cost-effectiveness and benefit-to-harm ratio of these programs, the program-aim needs reconsideration.
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4
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Müller MC, Usadel S, Zimmermann S, Fahrhöfer A, Kern WV, Hoffmeister U, Rieg S. Closing Sexual Health Service Gaps With a New Service Model in Germany: Performance of an on-Site Integrated, Cross-Sectoral, Low Threshold Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV Counseling and Treatment Service. Front Public Health 2022; 10:793609. [PMID: 35548069 PMCID: PMC9082412 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.793609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In Germany, the incidence of bacterial sexual transmitted infections (STI) is on the rise and still high for HIV infections. The Center for Sexual Health Freiburg (CSHF) was established to offer low threshold access for STI/HIV counseling, testing, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and on-site treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of CSHF. Methods Longitudinal study that includes all clients presenting between 1 May 2020 and 28 February 2021 at CSHF and willing to sign informed consent. Results In the study period, 536 clients presented at CSHF of whom 417 clients were included in the study resulting in 668 client contacts. Clients' median age was 28.1 years (range: 18.0-73.1), 55.9% were men, 42.0% were women, 0.3% were transman, and 1.7% were not binary. Clients' sexual orientation was heterosexual (56.6%), homosexual men (26.2%), and bisexual (13.6%). STI screening resulted in the detection of any STI in 3.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-6.1) of women, in 3.1% (95% CI: 0.0-6.5) of heterosexual men, and in 22.2% (95% CI: 13.0-31.5) of men having sex with men (MSM) not taking PrEP. Eighty-one MSM received PrEP with a total follow-up of 57.3 person-years and 0.44 STIs per person-year. Conclusion The substantial burden of STI in the study population emphasizes the need for regular and low threshold STI screening services. The concept of CSHF may facilitate access to STI/HIV counseling, testing, and PrEP for a wide spectrum of people and may prove to be an important contribution to the efforts to reduce STI and HIV incidence in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Müller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Department of Infection Medicine, Medical Service Centre Clotten, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Susanne Usadel
- Department of Infection Medicine, Medical Service Centre Clotten, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | | | - Winfried V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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5
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Li C, Tang W, Ho HC, Ong JJ, Zheng X, Sun X, Li X, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhao P, Xiong M, Zheng H, Wang C, Yang B. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Among Pregnant Women, Gynecology Clinic Attendees, and Subfertile Women in Guangdong, China: A Cross-sectional Survey. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab206. [PMID: 34235228 PMCID: PMC8253043 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a major cause of infertility
and adverse birth outcomes, but its epidemiology among childbearing-age
women remains unclear in China. This study investigated the prevalence of CT
and associated factors among Chinese women aged 16–44 years who were either
(1) pregnant, (2) attending gynecology clinics, or (3) subfertile. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey and recruited participants from
obstetrics, gynecology, and infertility clinics in Guangdong between March
and December 2019. We collected information on individuals’ sociodemographic
characteristics, previous medical conditions, and sexual behaviors.
First-pass urine and cervical swabs were tested using nucleic acid
amplification testing. We calculated the prevalence in each population and
subgroup by age, education, and age at first sex. Multivariable binomial
regression models were used to identify factors associated with CT. Results We recruited 881 pregnant women, 595 gynecology clinic attendees, and 254
subfertile women. The prevalence of CT was 6.7% (95% CI, 5.2%–8.5%), 8.2%
(95% CI, 6.2%–10.7%), and 5.9% (95% CI, 3.5%–9.3%) for the above 3
populations, respectively. The subgroup-specific prevalence was highest
among those who first had sex before age 25 years and older pregnant women
(>35 years). The proportion of asymptomatic CT was 84.8%, 40.0%, and
60.0% among pregnant women, gynecology clinic attendees, and subfertile
women, respectively. Age at first sex (<25 years), multipara, and ever
having more than 1 partner increased the risk of CT. Conclusions Childbearing-age women in China have a high prevalence of CT. As most women
with CT were asymptomatic, more optimal prevention strategies are urgently
needed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Li
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Tang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Centre of Urban Studies and Urban Planning, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason J Ong
- Sexual Health Physician, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xuewan Sun
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhou Xiong
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention and Control, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute for Global Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Zhou Y, Cai YM, Li SL, Cao NX, Zhu XF, Wang F, Han Y, Yin YP, Chen XS. Anatomical site prevalence and genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis infections among men who have sex with men: a multi-site study in China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1041. [PMID: 31823768 PMCID: PMC6902585 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is one of the most pervasive sexually transmitted infections and has high prevalence in urogenital and extra-urogenital sites among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study investigated anatomical site-specific prevalence and genotypes of CT among MSM recruited from three geographic areas in China. Methods We collected urine specimens and anorectal, pharyngeal swab specimens from 379 MSM. CT infection was identified using polymerase chain reaction and CT genotyping was determined by sequences of the ompA gene. Results The results indicated that the overall prevalence of CT infection was 18.2% (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 13.9–22.5%) and significantly different between the cities (p = 0.048). The infection was most common at the anorectal site (15.6, 95%CIs 11.6–19.5%) followed by urethral (3.2, 95%CIs 1.4–5.0%) and oropharyngeal sites (1.6, 95%CIs 0.3–2.9%). Genotypes D and G were the most common CT strains in this population but genotype D was significantly predominated in Nanjing while genotype G was in Wuhan. No genotype related to lymphogranuloma venereum was found. CT infection was significantly related to the infection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.27, 95%CIs 6.02–33.83, p < 0.001) and age. Men older than 40 years old were less likely to have a CT infection as compared to men under 30 years old (aOR 0.37, 95% CIs 0.15–0.93, p = 0.03). Conclusion The high CT infection prevalence, particularly in the anorectal site, among MSM suggests the necessity to development an integrated CT screening and treatment program specifically focusing on this high-risk population. Surveillance of CT infections should be improved by including both infection and genotype based surveys into the current surveillance programs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Mao Cai
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ning-Xiao Cao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Han
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Ping Yin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China. .,National Center for STD Control, Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Virok DP, Raffai T, Kókai D, Paróczai D, Bogdanov A, Veres G, Vécsei L, Poliska S, Tiszlavicz L, Somogyvári F, Endrész V, Burián K. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Chlamydia muridarum and Chlamydia pneumoniae Infected Mouse Lung Tissues. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:192. [PMID: 31249813 PMCID: PMC6582659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections with potentially debilitating sequelae, such as infertility. Mouse models are generally used for vaccine development, to study the immune response and histopathology associated with Chlamydia infection. An important question regarding murine models is the in vivo identification of murine host genes responsible for the elimination of the murine and human Chlamydia strains. RNA sequencing of the Chlamydia muridarum infected BALB/c lung transcriptome revealed that several genes with direct antichlamydial functions were induced at the tissue level, including the already described and novel members of the murine interferon-inducible GTPase family, the CXCL chemokines CXCL9, CXCL11, immunoresponsive gene 1, nitric oxide synthase-2 (iNOS), and lipocalin-2. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1-2 (IDO1-2) previously described potent antichlamydial host enzymes were also highly expressed in the infected murine lungs. This finding was novel, since IDO was considered as a unique human antichlamydial defense gene. Besides a lower level of epithelial cell positivity, immunohistochemistry showed that IDO1-2 proteins were expressed prominently in macrophages. Detection of the tryptophan degradation product kynurenine and the impact of IDO inhibition on Chlamydia muridarum growth proved that the IDO1-2 proteins were functionally active. IDO1-2 activity also increased in Chlamydia muridarum infected C57BL/6 lung tissues, indicating that this phenomenon is not mouse strain specific. Our study shows that the murine antichlamydial response includes a variety of highly up-regulated defense genes in vivo. Among these genes the antichlamydial effectors IDO1-2 were identified. The potential impact of murine IDO1-2 expression on Chlamydia propagation needs further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokine CXCL11/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL11/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL9/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL9/metabolism
- Chemokines/genetics
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chlamydia Infections/genetics
- Chlamydia Infections/metabolism
- Chlamydia Infections/microbiology
- Chlamydia Infections/pathology
- Chlamydia muridarum/drug effects
- Chlamydia muridarum/metabolism
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae/drug effects
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/drug effects
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/pharmacology
- Kynurenine
- Lipocalin-2/genetics
- Lipocalin-2/metabolism
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives
- Tryptophan/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tryptophan/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezső P. Virok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tímea Raffai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kókai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Paróczai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Bogdanov
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- MTA-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Poliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Somogyvári
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Valéria Endrész
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Patiño LH, Camargo M, Muñoz M, Ríos-Chaparro DI, Patarroyo MA, Ramírez JD. Unveiling the Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) Schemes and Core Genome Phylogenies for Genotyping Chlamydia trachomatis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1854. [PMID: 30186244 PMCID: PMC6113918 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has become a useful tool for studying the genetic diversity of important public health pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). Four MLST schemes have been proposed for Ct (data available from Chlamydiales MLST databases). However, the lack of a sole standardized scheme represents the greatest limitation regarding typing this species. This study was thus aimed at evaluating the usefulness of the four MLST schemes available for Ct, describing each molecular marker's pattern and its contribution toward a description of intra-specific genetic diversity and population structure. The markers for each scheme, showed a variable power of dicrimination, exhibiting in some cases over estimation in the determination of Sequence Types (STs). However, individual analysis of each locus's typing efficiency and discrimination power led to identifying 8 markers as having a suitable pattern for intra-specific typing. analyzing the 8 candidate markers gave a combination of 3 of these loci as an optimal scheme for identifying a large amount of STs, maximizing discrimination power whilst maintaining suitable typing efficiency. One scheme was compared against core genome phylogenies, finding a higher typing resolution through the last approach. These results confirm once again that although complete genome data, in particular from core genome MLST (cgMLST) allow a high resolution clustering for Ct isolates. There are combinations of molecular markers that could generate equivalent results, with the advantage of representing an easy implementation strategy and lower costs leading to contribute to the monitoring and molecular epidemiology of Ct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz H. Patiño
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Ph.D. Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Milena Camargo
- Ph.D. Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dora I. Ríos-Chaparro
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A. Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan D. Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jacob L, Duse DA, Kostev K. Prevalence and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in men followed by urologists in Germany - a cross sectional study with 347,090 men. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2018; 16:Doc03. [PMID: 30250416 PMCID: PMC6124731 DOI: 10.3205/000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The goal of this retrospective analysis was to study the prevalence and treatment of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) in men followed by urologists in Germany. Methods: This study included a total of 347,090 men followed in 71 urology practices in Germany between 2013 and 2015. The first outcome was the prevalence of individuals diagnosed with STI between 2013 and 2015. The following eight types of STI infections were included in the analysis: chlamydial infection, gonococcal infection, anogenital warts, anogenital herpes infection, trichomoniasis, ulcus molle, phthiriasis, and syphilis. The second outcome was the prevalence of individuals with STI who received an appropriate therapy within 90 days of their initial STI diagnosis. Results: The most frequent STI was anogenital warts (0.64%), whereas the least frequent STI was syphilis (0.03%). The median age at diagnosis ranged from 30.3 years for chlamydia infection to 47.5 years for trichomoniasis. The proportion of individuals receiving treatment was the highest for trichomoniasis (90.6%) and the lowest for anogenital warts (49.9%). Conclusions: Overall, approximately 1.25% of men followed in urology practices in Germany between 2013 and 2015 were diagnosed with at least one STI. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the factors potentially associated with the risk of being diagnosed with STI in this setting in Germany. Moreover, there is a need for enabling higher rates of diagnosis and thus treatment of infected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris 5, Paris, France
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Wood H, Gudka S. Pharmacist-led screening in sexually transmitted infections: current perspectives. INTEGRATED PHARMACY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 7:67-82. [PMID: 29942790 PMCID: PMC6007388 DOI: 10.2147/iprp.s140426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening is a crucial initiative that aims to reduce the increasing global prevalence of many common STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Many STIs are either asymptomatic or show mild symptoms that are often attributed to other infections; hence, screening is the only way to identify – and by extension, treat – them. In this way, the spread of STIs can be reduced, and the health implications of an untreated STI are minimized. Community pharmacies could provide an avenue to convenient, confidential STI screening by using noninvasive or minimally invasive sample collection techniques that are used by the consumer or pharmacist. We identified the most common STIs found globally and investigated the current and potential role of pharmacists in provision of STI screening interventions. Discussion There is sufficient evidence for pharmacy-based chlamydia screening, with many consumers and pharmacists finding it an acceptable and highly valued service. Some evidence was found for pharmacy-based gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening. Appropriate sample collection for gonorrhea screening needs to be further examined in a pharmacy setting. HBV screening presented an increased risk of personal injury to pharmacists through the collection of whole blood specimens, which could be reduced through consumer self-sampling. Pharmacist-collected specimens for HIV is less risky as an oral swab can be used, nullifying the risk of transmission; but pre- and post-screen consultations can be time-intensive; hence, pharmacists would require remuneration to provide an ongoing HIV screening service. Not enough evidence was found for syphilis screening through community pharmacies; more studies are required that consider sampling methods other than pharmacist-collected whole blood specimens. There is no evidence to date for pharmacist-led trichomoniasis or HSV screening. Conclusion Pharmacists are well-positioned to provide STI screening services, but further investigations are needed to overcome financial, safety, and confidentiality barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wood
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sajni Gudka
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Wood H, Hall C, Ioppolo E, Ioppolo R, Scacchia E, Clifford R, Gudka S. Barriers and Facilitators of Partner Treatment of Chlamydia: A Qualitative Investigation with Prescribers and Community Pharmacists. PHARMACY 2018; 6:pharmacy6010017. [PMID: 29419807 PMCID: PMC5874556 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most frequently-notified sexually transmitted infection in Australia. Effective and timely partner treatment of chlamydia is essential to reduce overall prevalence and the burden of infection. Currently in most of Australia, the only avenue for partner treatment of chlamydia (“standard partner therapy”) is a tedious, and often inconvenient, process. The barriers and facilitators of standard partner therapy, and newer models of accelerated partner therapy (APT), need to be identified in the Australian setting. Additionally, the potential role of community pharmacists need to be explored. Semi-structured interview guides for two key stakeholder groups (prescribers and pharmacists) were developed and piloted. Eleven prescribers (general practitioners, sexual health clinicians and nurse practitioners) and twelve pharmacists practicing in the Perth metropolitan region were interviewed. Key reported barriers to standard partner therapy were lack of or delayed chlamydia testing. Key facilitators included ability to test and educate sexual partner. Key barriers for APT included prescribers’ legal responsibility and potential for medication-related adverse effects. Healthcare provider consultation and chlamydia testing were seen as potential facilitators of APT. Pharmacists were receptive to the idea of expanding their role in chlamydia treatment, however, barriers to privacy must be overcome in order to be acceptable to prescribers and pharmacists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Wood
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Caroline Hall
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Emma Ioppolo
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Renée Ioppolo
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Ella Scacchia
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Rhonda Clifford
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Sajni Gudka
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
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