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Tang L, Wang Y, Li X, Yang L, Luo Y, Li C, He Y. Epidemiological characteristics of first-time SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection among hospital staff in Chengdu, China. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:104. [PMID: 38978145 PMCID: PMC11232323 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After China ended its 'dynamic zero-COVID policy' on 7 December 2022, a large-scale outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infections emerged across the country. We conducted a hospital-wide prospective study to document the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak among healthcare workers in a hospital of Chengdu, where no previous staff SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected. METHODS All hospital staff members were invited to complete an online questionnaire on COVID-19 in January 2023, and SARS-CoV-2 infection cases were followed up by telephone in June 2023 to collect data on long COVID. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS A total of 2,899 hospital staff (93.5%) completed the online questionnaire, and 86.4% were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. The clinical manifestations of these patients were characterized by a high incidence of systemic symptoms. Cough (83.4%), fatigue (79.8%) and fever (74.3%) were the most frequently reported symptoms. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that females [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.88] and clinical practitioners (aOR: 10.32, 95% CI: 6.57-16.20) were associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas advanced age ≥ 60 years (aOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19-0.49) and a three-dose COVID-19 vaccination with the most recent dose administered within 3 months before 7 December 2022 (aOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.87 for within 1 month; aOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.22-0.97 for within 1-3 months) were associated with reduced risk. Among the cases, 4.27% experienced long COVID of fatigue, brain fog or both, with the majority reporting minor symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a snapshot of the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in Chengdu after China's deregulation of COVID-19 control. Data in the study can aid in the development and implementation of effective measures to protect healthcare workers and maintain the integrity of healthcare systems during challenging times such as a rapid and widespread Omicron outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yeyuan Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yingjuan Luo
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yulei He
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
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Chea N, Eure T, Alkis Ramirez R, Zlotorzynska M, Blazek GT, Nadle J, Lee J, Czaja CA, Johnston H, Barter D, Kellogg M, Emanuel C, Meek J, Brackney M, Carswell S, Thomas S, Fridkin SK, Wilson LE, Perlmutter R, Marceaux-Galli K, Fell A, Lovett S, Lim S, Lynfield R, Shrum Davis S, Phipps EC, Sievers M, Dumyati G, Myers C, Hurley C, Licherdell E, Pierce R, Ocampo VLS, Hall EW, Wilson C, Adre C, Kirtz E, Markus TM, Billings K, Plumb ID, Abedi GR, James-Gist J, Magill SS, Grigg CT. Characteristics of healthcare personnel with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 10 emerging infections program sites in the United States, April 2020-December 2021. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38770586 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2024.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding characteristics of healthcare personnel (HCP) with SARS-CoV-2 infection supports the development and prioritization of interventions to protect this important workforce. We report detailed characteristics of HCP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from April 20, 2020 through December 31, 2021. METHODS CDC collaborated with Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states to interview HCP with SARS-CoV-2 infection (case-HCP) about their demographics, underlying medical conditions, healthcare roles, exposures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We grouped case-HCP by healthcare role. To describe residential social vulnerability, we merged geocoded HCP residential addresses with CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) values at the census tract level. We defined highest and lowest SVI quartiles as high and low social vulnerability, respectively. RESULTS Our analysis included 7,531 case-HCP. Most case-HCP with roles as certified nursing assistant (CNA) (444, 61.3%), medical assistant (252, 65.3%), or home healthcare worker (HHW) (225, 59.5%) reported their race and ethnicity as either non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. More than one third of HHWs (166, 45.2%), CNAs (283, 41.7%), and medical assistants (138, 37.9%) reported a residential address in the high social vulnerability category. The proportion of case-HCP who reported using recommended PPE at all times when caring for patients with COVID-19 was lowest among HHWs compared with other roles. CONCLUSIONS To mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in healthcare settings, infection prevention, and control interventions should be specific to HCP roles and educational backgrounds. Additional interventions are needed to address high social vulnerability among HHWs, CNAs, and medical assistants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Chea
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taniece Eure
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Alkis Ramirez
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Zlotorzynska
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory T Blazek
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Chenega Enterprise Systems and Solutions, LLC, Chesapeake, VA, USA
| | - Joelle Nadle
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jane Lee
- California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Helen Johnston
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Devra Barter
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Melissa Kellogg
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Catherine Emanuel
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, CO, USA
| | - James Meek
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monica Brackney
- Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stacy Carswell
- Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stepy Thomas
- Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott K Fridkin
- Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ashley Fell
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sara Lovett
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Lim
- Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah Shrum Davis
- New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Erin C Phipps
- New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | | | - Ghinwa Dumyati
- New York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Myers
- New York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christine Hurley
- New York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erin Licherdell
- New York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Pierce
- Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Eric W Hall
- Oregon Health and Science University and Portland State University School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Cullen Adre
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erika Kirtz
- Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Ian D Plumb
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Glen R Abedi
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jade James-Gist
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shelley S Magill
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheri T Grigg
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chu WT, Castro MA, Reza S, Cooper TK, Bartlinski S, Bradley D, Anthony SM, Worwa G, Finch CL, Kuhn JH, Crozier I, Solomon J. Novel machine-learning analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a subclinical nonhuman primate model using radiomics and blood biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19607. [PMID: 37950044 PMCID: PMC10638262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of the physiological response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is challenging in the absence of overt clinical signs but remains necessary to understand a full subclinical disease spectrum. In this study, our objective was to use radiomics (from computed tomography images) and blood biomarkers to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in a nonhuman primate model (NHP) with inapparent clinical disease. To accomplish this aim, we built machine-learning models to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in a NHP model of subclinical disease using baseline-normalized radiomic and blood sample analyses data from SARS-CoV-2-exposed and control (mock-exposed) crab-eating macaques. We applied a novel adaptation of the minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) feature-selection technique, called mRMR-permute, for statistically-thresholded and unbiased feature selection. Through performance comparison of eight machine-learning models trained on 14 feature sets, we demonstrated that a logistic regression model trained on the mRMR-permute feature set can predict SARS-CoV-2 infection with very high accuracy. Eighty-nine percent of mRMR-permute selected features had strong and significant class effects. Through this work, we identified a key set of radiomic and blood biomarkers that can be used to predict infection status even in the absence of clinical signs. Furthermore, we proposed and demonstrated the utility of a novel feature-selection technique called mRMR-permute. This work lays the foundation for the prediction and classification of SARS-CoV-2 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston T Chu
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo A Castro
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Syed Reza
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sean Bartlinski
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Dara Bradley
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Worwa
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Courtney L Finch
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ian Crozier
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
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Majiya H, Aliyu-Paiko M, Balogu VT, Musa DA, Salihu IM, Kawu AA, Bashir IY, Sani AR, Baba J, Muhammad AT, Jibril FL, Bala E, Obaje NG, Aliyu YB, Muhammad RG, Mohammed H, Gimba UN, Uthman A, Liman HM, Alhaji SA, James JK, Makusidi MM, Isah MD, Abdullahi I, Ndagi U, Waziri B, Bisallah CI, Dadi-Mamud NJ, Ibrahim K, Adamu AK. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State: Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. JMIRX MED 2023; 4:e29587. [PMID: 37855218 PMCID: PMC10595504 DOI: 10.2196/29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is causing ongoing human and socioeconomic losses. Objective To know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. Methods A cross-sectional study design and clustered, stratified random sampling strategy were used to select 185 test participants across the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM rapid test kits (colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to the virus in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State from June 26 to 30, 2020. The test kits were validated using the blood samples of some of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control-confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM test results were entered into the Epi Info questionnaire administered simultaneously with each test. Epi Info was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean and percentage, odds ratio, χ2 statistic, and regression at a 95% CI of the data generated. Results The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State was found to be 25.4% (47/185) and 2.2% (4/185) for the positive IgG and IgM results, respectively. Seroprevalence among age groups, genders, and occupations varied widely. The COVID-19 asymptomatic rate in the state was found to be 46.8% (22/47). The risk analyses showed that the chances of infection are almost the same for both urban and rural dwellers in the state. However, health care workers, those who experienced flulike symptoms, and those who had contact with a person who traveled out of Nigeria in the last 6 months (February to June 2020) were at double the risk of being infected with the virus. More than half (101/185, 54.6%) of the participants in this study did not practice social distancing at any time since the pandemic started. Participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 are also discussed. Conclusions The observed Niger State SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection patterns meansuggest that the virus has widely spread, far more SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred than the reported cases, and there is a high asymptomatic COVID-19 rate across the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Majiya
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Aliyu-Paiko
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Tochukwu Balogu
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Achimugu Musa
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Maikudi Salihu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ishaku Yakubu Bashir
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Rabiu Sani
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - John Baba
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Amina Tako Muhammad
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah Ladidi Jibril
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu George Obaje
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Badeggi Aliyu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ramatu Gogo Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Mohammed
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Usman Naji Gimba
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abduljelili Uthman
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Muhammad Liman
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Abdullahi
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Umar Ndagi
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialised Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Bala Waziri
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialised Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Naomi John Dadi-Mamud
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Kolo Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abu Kasim Adamu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
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Yasin JCM, Barlem ELD, da Silveira RS, Ruivo ÉDG, Longaray AA, Brehmer LCF. Ethical issues experienced by nurses during COVID-19 in university hospitals. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2023; 57:e20230117. [PMID: 37882697 PMCID: PMC10601890 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0117en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the ethical issues experienced by nurses in the care for patients with COVID-19 and the factors that influence their occurrence. METHOD This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out between February and May 2022 with 101 nurses from two university hospitals, through the socio-occupational Ethical issues Experienced by Nurses in Emergency Questionnaire, adapted and validated for Brazilians. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation test and linear regression were performed, adopting p-value. RESULTS Ethical issues related to concern and stress in caring for infected patients were evidenced, being influenced by perception of social stigmatization (p = .003) and perception of hospital measures (p = .000). Agreement with infection control measures (4.46) and perception of hospital measures against COVID-19 (3.26) were factors with the highest mean between the constructs. CONCLUSION Nurses are faced with ethical issues in the face of concern and stress in caring for patients with COVID-19, who are affected by social issues and assistance. It is essential to support them, promoting their mental and social well-being to deal with new emergency situations.
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Sobczyk K, Holecki T, Rogalska A. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on indirect costs of mental illness and behavioral disorders in Poland. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1207389. [PMID: 37790719 PMCID: PMC10544582 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1207389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In various research, the estimation of the disease's economic burden has been taken into consideration. But given the fact that different settings will have distinguished consequences, determining the economic burden of COVID-19 in the studied environment is of great importance. As a result, this study aimed to show the change in indirect costs of mental health problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Methods and Results Indirect costs related to mental health problems were analyzed from the perspective of the Social Insurance Institution in Poland. In 2021, they amounted to about 285.8 billion PLN (Polish currency) [61.1 billion EUR (European currency)], up 6% from the previous year. A large increase in spending on disability benefits was observed for 2019-2021 (+14.7%). Disease groups generating the highest expenditures in the structure of total expenditures on incapacity benefits in 2021 in Poland were mental health problems (16.7% of total expenditures). Expenditures on disability benefits related to mental health problems incurred by Social Security in 2021 amounted to about 7.42 billion PLN [1.6 billion EUR] and were 19.4% higher than in 2019 (before the pandemic). In the 2012-2019 period, there was a significant decrease in expenses related to inpatient rehabilitation (41.3%), while in 2020-2021, these expenses decreased several times as the epidemiological situation related to the COVID pandemic reduced access to such services. Discussion This is the first study on the economic burden of COVID-19 indirect costs in Poland. Calculating the economic impact is crucial, particularly when there is a large disease outbreak and countries are severely constrained by financial resources. Doing so could aid in the development of effective social security policies. As shown in this study, the indirect costs of absenteeism expenses due to mental health problems increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to take all possible measures, both in the field of primary and secondary prevention, to prevent disability and exclusion from the labor market of people affected by mental health problems, which is justified by epidemiological data and financial data on the expenses incurred by Social Security for social insurance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Sobczyk
- Department of Economics and Health Care Management, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Mediavilla JR, Lozy T, Lee A, Kim J, Kan VW, Titova E, Amin A, Zody MC, Corvelo A, Oschwald DM, Baldwin A, Fennessey S, Zuckerman JM, Kirn T, Chen L, Zhao Y, Chow KF, Maniatis T, Perlin DS, Kreiswirth BN. Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals in a Large Healthcare Organization from New Jersey. Viruses 2023; 15:1699. [PMID: 37632041 PMCID: PMC10457875 DOI: 10.3390/v15081699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
New Jersey was among the first states impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with one of the highest overall death rates in the nation. Nevertheless, relatively few reports have been published focusing specifically on New Jersey. Here we report on molecular, clinical, and epidemiologic observations, from the largest healthcare network in the state, in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We conducted molecular surveillance of SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs collected in nine hospitals from December 2020 through June 2022, using both whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a real-time RT-PCR screening assay targeting spike protein mutations found in variants of concern (VOCs) within our region. De-identified clinical data were obtained retrospectively, including demographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, ICU admission, ventilator support, mortality, and medical history. Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between SARS-CoV-2 variants, vaccination status, clinical outcomes, and medical risk factors. A total of 5007 SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs were successfully screened and/or sequenced. Variant screening identified three predominant VOCs, including Alpha (n = 714), Delta (n = 1877), and Omicron (n = 1802). Omicron isolates were further sub-typed as BA.1 (n = 899), BA.2 (n = 853), or BA.4/BA.5 (n = 50); the remaining 614 isolates were classified as "Other". Approximately 31.5% (1577/5007) of the samples were associated with vaccine breakthrough infections, which increased in frequency following the emergence of Delta and Omicron. Severe clinical outcomes included ICU admission (336/5007 = 6.7%), ventilator support (236/5007 = 4.7%), and mortality (430/5007 = 8.6%), with increasing age being the most significant contributor to each (p < 0.001). Unvaccinated individuals accounted for 79.7% (268/336) of ICU admissions, 78.3% (185/236) of ventilator cases, and 74.4% (320/430) of deaths. Highly significant (p < 0.001) increases in mortality were observed in individuals with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, but not with obesity, thyroid disease, or respiratory disease. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in clinical outcomes were also noted between SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2. Vaccination was associated with significantly improved clinical outcomes in our study, despite an increase in breakthrough infections associated with waning immunity, greater antigenic variability, or both. Underlying comorbidities contributed significantly to mortality in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, with increasing risk based on the total number of comorbidities. Real-time RT-PCR-based screening facilitated timely identification of predominant variants using a minimal number of spike protein mutations, with faster turnaround time and reduced cost compared to WGS. Continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants will likely require ongoing surveillance for new VOCs, with real-time assessment of clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Mediavilla
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tara Lozy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Annie Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Justine Kim
- Hackensack Meridian Health Biorepository, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Veronica W. Kan
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Elizabeth Titova
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Ashish Amin
- Hackensack Meridian Health Biorepository, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Michael C. Zody
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | - André Corvelo
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Amy Baldwin
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | | | - Jerry M. Zuckerman
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Hackensack Meridian Health, Edison, NJ 08837, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Thomas Kirn
- Public Health and Environmental Laboratories, New Jersey Department of Health, Ewing, NJ 08628, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kar Fai Chow
- Hackensack Meridian Health Biorepository, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Tom Maniatis
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA (S.F.); (T.M.)
| | - David S. Perlin
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Barry N. Kreiswirth
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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8
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Nyamuryekung'e KK, Amour M, Mboya I, Ndumwa H, Kengia J, Njiro BJ, Mhamilawa L, Shayo E, Ngalesoni F, Kapologwe N, Kalolo A, Metta E, Msuya S. Health care workers' self-perceived infection risk and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: A mixed methods study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001223. [PMID: 37285332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most cost-effective way of preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) although there was a considerable delay in its institution in Tanzania. This study assessed health care workers' (HCWs) self-perceived infection risk and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. A concurrent embedded, mixed methods design was utilized to collect data among HCWs in seven Tanzanian regions. Quantitative data was collected using a validated, pre-piloted, interviewer administered questionnaire whereas in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) gathered qualitative data. Descriptive analyses were performed while chi-square test and logistic regression were used to test for associations across categories. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. A total of 1,368 HCWs responded to the quantitative tool, 26 participated in the IDIs and 74 in FGDs. About half of the HCW (53.6%) reported to have been vaccinated and three quarters (75.5%) self-perceived to be at a high risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection. High perceived infection risk was associated with increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake (OR 1.535). Participants perceived that the nature of their work and the working environment in the health facilities increased their infection risk. Limited availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was reported to elevate the perceived infection risks. Participants in the oldest age group and from low and mid-level health care facilities had higher proportions with a high-risk perception of acquiring COVID-19 infection. Only about half of the HCWs reported to be vaccinated albeit the majority recounted higher perception of risk to contracting COVID-19 due to their working environment, including limited availability and use of PPE. Efforts to address heightened perceived-risks should include improving the working environment, availability of PPE and continue updating HCWs on the benefits of COVID-19 vaccine to limit their infection risks and consequent transmission to their patients and public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasusu Klint Nyamuryekung'e
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Maryam Amour
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Innocent Mboya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Harrieth Ndumwa
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - James Kengia
- Presidents Office Regional Administration and Local Government, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Belinda J Njiro
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lwidiko Mhamilawa
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth Shayo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Ntuli Kapologwe
- Presidents Office Regional Administration and Local Government, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Albino Kalolo
- Department of Public Health, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Emmy Metta
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sia Msuya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Community Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
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9
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Bastuji-Garin S, Brouard L, Bourgeon-Ghittori I, Zebachi S, Boutin E, Hemery F, Fourreau F, Oubaya N, De Roux Q, Mongardon N, Fourati S, Decousser JW. The Relative Contributions of Occupational and Community Risk Factors for COVID-19 among Hospital Workers: The HOP-COVID Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031208. [PMID: 36769854 PMCID: PMC9917902 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relative contributions of occupational and community sources of COVID-19 among health-care workers (HCWs) are still subject to debate. In a cohort study at a 2814-bed tertiary medical center (five hospitals) in the Paris area of France, we assessed the proportion of hospital-acquired cases among staff and identified risk factors. Between May 2020 and June 2021, HCWs were invited to complete a questionnaire on their COVID-19 risk factors. RT-PCR and serology test results were retrieved from the virology department. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to account for clustering by hospital. The prevalence of COVID-19 was 15.6% (n = 213/1369 respondents) overall, 29.7% in the geriatric hospitals, and 56.8% of the infections were hospital-acquired. On multivariable analyses adjusted for COVID-19 incidence and contact in the community, a significantly higher risk was identified for staff providing patient care (especially nursing assistants), staff from radiology/functional assessment units and stretcher services, and staff working on wards with COVID-19 clusters among patients or HCWs. The likelihood of infection was greater in geriatric wards than in intensive care units. The presence of significant occupational risk factors after adjustment for community exposure is suggestive of a high in-hospital risk and emphasizes the need for stronger preventive measures-especially in geriatric settings. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04386759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Bastuji-Garin
- IMRB, INSERM, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Department of Public Health, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
- Correspondence: (S.B.-G.); (J.-W.D.)
| | - Ludivine Brouard
- Clinical Research Unit (URC Mondor), Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Irma Bourgeon-Ghittori
- IMRB, INSERM, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- CARMAS, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- DMU SAPHIRE, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Sonia Zebachi
- Clinical Research Unit (URC Mondor), Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boutin
- IMRB, INSERM, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Clinical Research Unit (URC Mondor), Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Francois Hemery
- Département d’Information Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Frédéric Fourreau
- Equipe Opérationnelle d’Hygiène, Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des Infections, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nadia Oubaya
- IMRB, INSERM, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Department of Public Health, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Quentin De Roux
- Service D’Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, DMU CARE, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Nicolas Mongardon
- IMRB, INSERM, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- Service D’Anesthésie-Réanimation Chirurgicale, DMU CARE, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
- IMRB, EnvA, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Slim Fourati
- Département de Virologie, Bactériologie, Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Winoc Decousser
- Equipe Opérationnelle d’Hygiène, Département Prévention, Diagnostic, Traitement des Infections, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor AP-HP, 94010 Créteil, France
- DYNAMYC, University Paris Est Creteil, 94010 Créteil, France
- DYNAMYC, EnvA, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Correspondence: (S.B.-G.); (J.-W.D.)
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10
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Pellerano MB, Hill D, Jimenez ME, Gordon M, Macenat M, Ferrante JM, Rivera-Núñez Z, Devance D, Lima D, Sullivan B, Crabtree BF, Georgopoulos P, Barrett ES, Reed DJ, Pernell CT, Dawkins MR, Lynn B, Dixon F, Castañeda M, Garcia H, Blaser MJ, Panettieri RA, Hudson SV. Connect: Cultivating Academic-Community Partnerships to Address Our Communities' Complex Needs During Public Health Crises. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2023; 17:447-464. [PMID: 37934443 PMCID: PMC11041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black and Latino communities have been disproportionately impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 and we sought to understand perceptions and attitudes in four heavily impacted New Jersey counties to develop and evaluate engagement strategies to enhance access to testing. OBJECTIVE To establish a successful academic/community partnership team during a public health emergency by building upon longstanding relationships and using principles from community engaged research. METHODS We present a case study illustrating multiple levels of engagement, showing how we successfully aligned expectations, developed a commitment of cooperation, and implemented a research study, with community-based and health care organizations at the center of community engagement and recruitment. LESSONS LEARNED This paper describes successful approaches to relationship building including information sharing and feedback to foster reciprocity, diverse dissemination strategies to enhance engagement, and intergenerational interaction to ensure sustainability. CONCLUSIONS This model demonstrates how academic/community partnerships can work together during public health emergencies to develop sustainable relationships.
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11
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Jalil M, Ashkan Z, Gholamnezhad M, Jamalidoust S, Jamalidoust M. Effect of COVID‐19 on healthcare workers' morbidity and mortality compared to the general population in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer‐Ahmad Province, Iran. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e961. [PMCID: PMC9742827 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the Covid‐19 pandemic, the adverse effects of recent coronaviruses on healthcare professionals cannot be ignored. This study compared the admission rates due to Covid‐19 and characteristics of hospitalized healthcare workers with the general population of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer‐Ahmad (K.B) province. 18546 hospitalized patients infected with Covid‐19 in hospitals in four cities of K.B province were enrolled in this study; of them, 236 (1.27%) patients were healthcare workers. Demographic and clinical data of hospitalized cases due to Covid‐19 infection were collected from August 2020 to September 2021. The underlying diseases were also considered in this study. According to our findings, 55.5% of the hospitalized healthcare workers were male, and 44.5% were female; their mean age was 41.41 years. However, in the general population, hospitalization rates were higher for women than for men (51.2% and 48.8%, respectively). Although the SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity rate was higher in healthcare workers compared to the general population (68.6% vs. 56.1%), the mortality rate was significantly lower in them (1.7% vs. 3.8%). Fever, cough, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, headache, and myalgia were the most prevalent symptoms in both groups. Among the cases examined in this study, inpatient ones aged 30–40 years and the general population aged over 60 seemed to be more likely to be hospitalized for Covid‐19. The hospitalization rate of healthcare workers during the pandemic follows the same pattern as the general population, but since the start of vaccination, this rate has decreased among healthcare workers compared to the general population of KB province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jalil
- Emergency Medical ServiceYasuj University of Medical SciencesYasujIran
| | - Zahra Ashkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic ScienceShahrekord UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Mohammad Gholamnezhad
- Clinical Research Development, Behashti HospitalYasuj University of Medical SciencesYasujIran
| | - Somayeh Jamalidoust
- Training Center of Department of Education District 2 ShirazFars ProvinceShirazIran
| | - Marzieh Jamalidoust
- Department of Virology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi HospitalShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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12
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Barrett ES, Andrews TR, Roy J, Greenberg P, Ferrante JM, Horton DB, Gordon M, Rivera-Núñez Z, Pellerano MB, Tallia AF, Budolfson M, Georgopoulos P, Reed D, Lynn B, Rosati R, Castañeda M, Dixon F, Pernell C, Hill D, Jimenez ME, Blaser MJ, Panettieri R, Hudson SV. Community- Versus Health Care Organization-Based Approaches to Expanding At-Home COVID-19 Testing in Black and Latino Communities, New Jersey, 2021. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S918-S922. [PMID: 36265092 PMCID: PMC9707722 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
At-home COVID-19 testing offers convenience and safety advantages. We evaluated at-home testing in Black and Latino communities through an intervention comparing community-based organization (CBO) and health care organization (HCO) outreach. From May through December 2021, 1100 participants were recruited, 94% through CBOs. The odds of COVID-19 test requests and completions were significantly higher in the HCO arm. The results showed disparities in test requests and completions related to age, race, language, insurance, comorbidities, and pandemic-related challenges. Despite the popularity of at-home testing, barriers exist in underresourced communities. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S9):S918-S922. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306989).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Barrett
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Tracy R Andrews
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jason Roy
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jeanne M Ferrante
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Marsha Gordon
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Maria B Pellerano
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Alfred F Tallia
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mark Budolfson
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Panos Georgopoulos
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Dorothy Reed
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Beverly Lynn
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Robert Rosati
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Manuel Castañeda
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Francis Dixon
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Chris Pernell
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Diane Hill
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Manuel E Jimenez
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Shawna V Hudson
- Emily S. Barrett, Tracy R. Andrews, Jason Roy, Patricia Greenberg, Zorimar Rivera-Núñez, Mark Budolfsen, and Panos Georgopoulos are with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ. Jeanne M. Ferrante, Daniel B. Horton, Marsha Gordon, Maria B. Pellerano, Alfred F. Tallia, Manuel E. Jimenez, and Shawna V. Hudson are with the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dorothy Reed is with Sister2Sister Inc, Somerset, NJ. Beverly Lynn is with Programs for Parents Inc, Newark, NJ. Robert Rosati is with the Connected Health Institute, Visiting Nurse Association Health Group, Holmdel, NJ. Manuel Castañeda is with New Brunswick Tomorrow, New Brunswick, NJ. Francis Dixon is with New Hope NOW Community Development Corporation, Newark, NJ. Chris Pernell is with University Hospital, Newark, NJ. Diane Hill is with Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ. Martin J. Blaser is with the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ. Reynold Panettieri Jr. is with the Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ
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Alnaeem MM, Hamdan‐Mansour AM, Nashwan AJ, Abuatallah A, Al‐Hussami M. Healthcare providers' intention to leave their jobs during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e859. [PMID: 36226321 PMCID: PMC9531873 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims During the coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19), healthcare providers confronted risks of disease transmission to themselves and their family members, resulting in physical and psychological burdens. This might affect their decisions to leave their jobs temporarily or permanently, fearing infection and protecting their families. This study examined the factors related to the intention to leave a job among healthcare providers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Jordan. Methods A cross‐sectional correlational design was used to collect data using a convenience sample of 557 healthcare providers working in different sectors across Jordan. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire about the intention to leave jobs during the pandemic. Results The sample included 368 females (63.8%) and 209 males (36.6%) participants. The mean age of participants was 30.8 years (SD = 6.65). Differences found in intention to leave job during COVID‐19 in relation to age (t = 2.60, p < 0.05), gender (X2 = 4.25, p < 0.001), and marital status (X2 = 18.2, p < 0.001). Participants with a high risk of exposure to COVID‐19 and who experienced higher workloads had higher scores of intention to leave their job during COVID‐19, while being married had lower scores. Conclusions Policy‐makers need to pay attention to young and single healthcare providers during the COVID‐19 pandemic to prevent them leave their job. Crucial guidelines for managing workload during the COVID‐19 pandemic are needed. Policy‐makers during pandemics have to protect healthcare providers who feel they are at high risk of infection.
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Risk Factors for COVID-19 Infection among Healthcare Workers in North-East Nigeria. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101919. [PMID: 36292365 PMCID: PMC9601610 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) face an unprecedented higher risk of COVID-19 infection due to their work and exposure. In this study, we aim to examine the associated risk factors for COVID-19 infection among HCWs in North-East Nigeria. We used data collected retrospectively among a cohort of clinical and non-clinical HCWs in six healthcare facilities in Adamawa State, Nigeria. We estimated the marginal probability of COVID-19 infection among HWCs using alternating logistic regression via the generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach. Among the 318 HCWs, 178 (55.97%) were males, mean (±SD) age was 36.81 (±8.98), 237 (74.76%) were clinical, and 80 (25.24) were non-clinical staff. The overall prevalence of COVID-19 was 16.67% among HCWs. After adjusting for other variables in the model, our results showed that clinical staff had a 5-fold higher risk of COVID-19 infection than non-clinical staff (aOR = 5.07, 95% CI: 1.32–19.52). Moreover, significant exposure risk factors for COVID-19 infection for HCWs increase with age, time spent attending to patients, caring for COVID-19 patients, and having worked with COVID-19 samples, while the risk decreases with the use of an N95 mask. Our findings suggested that the burden of COVID-19 infection is higher for clinical staff than non-clinical staff, and increasing age contributed to the increased risk.
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15
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Sirijatuphat R, Leelarasamee A, Horthongkham N. Prevalence and factors associated with COVID-19 among healthcare workers at a university hospital in Thailand. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30837. [PMID: 36197236 PMCID: PMC9508950 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, healthcare workers (HCWs) have a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but less is known about healthcare workers in Thailand. We estimated the prevalence and risk factors for COVID-19 among HCWs in Bangkok, Thailand. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large tertiary care academic hospital in Thailand from May 2020 to May 2021. HCWs that presented with fever and/or acute respiratory tract symptoms who tested with RT-PCR were identified, and their clinical data were collected. There were 1432 HCWs with fever and/or acute respiratory tract symptoms during May 2020 and May 2021. A total of 167 patients were front-line HCWs and 1265 were non-front-line HCWs. Sixty HCWs (4.2%) developed COVID-19; 2 were front-line and 58 were non-front-line HCWs. The prevalence of COVID-19 in front-line HCWs was 1.7% (2/167), and 4.6% (58/1265) in non-front-line HCWs (P = .04). In addition, non-front-line HCWs, non-medical staffs, history of contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case at home/family, unvaccinated status, fair compliance to personal protective equipment (PPE) standard, and initial presentation with pneumonia were significantly more common in HCWs with COVID-19 than those without COVID-19 (P < .05). Front-line HCWs, history of contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case at the clinical care areas in the hospital, vaccinated status, good compliance to PPE standards, and initial presentation with upper respiratory infection were significantly more common in HCWs without COVID-19 than those with COVID-19 (P < .05). Multivariate analysis revealed history of exposure with confirmed COVID-19 case at home or in family, unvaccinated status, non-frontline-HCWs, non-medical staffs, and fair compliance to PPE standard to be independent factors associated with COVID-19 in HCWs. COVID-19 was more common in non-front-line HCWs at this tertiary hospital. Thai guidelines on infection prevention and control for COVID-19 seem to be effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Therefore, the adherence to these recommendations should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujipas Sirijatuphat
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Rujipas Sirijatuphat, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand (e-mail: )
| | - Amorn Leelarasamee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Siam University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Navin Horthongkham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Ford JD, Marengo D, Olff M, Armour C, Elhai JD, Almquist Z, Spiro ES. Temporal trends in health worker social media communication during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:636-651. [PMID: 36121149 PMCID: PMC9538053 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Ford
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Davide Marengo
- Department of Psychology University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
| | | | - Jon D. Elhai
- Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Zack Almquist
- Department of Sociology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Emma S. Spiro
- Department of Sociology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
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17
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Valderrama-Beltrán SL, Cuervo-Rojas J, Ariza B, Cardozo C, Ángel J, Martinez-Vernaza S, Juliana Soto M, Arcila J, Salgado D, Rondón M, Cepeda M, Castellanos JC, Gómez-Restrepo C, Franco MA. Cumulative incidence, prevalence, seroconversion, and associated factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of a University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274484. [PMID: 36121816 PMCID: PMC9484677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the cumulative incidence, prevalence, and seroconversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) of a University Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. An ambispective cohort was established from March 2020 to February 2021. From November 2020 to February 2021, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured on two occasions 14–90 days apart to determine seroprevalence and seroconversion. We used multivariate log-binomial regression to evaluate factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among 2,597 HCWs, the cumulative incidence of infection was 35.7%, and seroprevalence was 21.5%. A reduced risk of infection was observed among those aged 35–44 and ≥45 years (adjusted relative risks [aRRs], 0.84 and 0.83, respectively), physicians (aRR, 0.77), those wearing N95 respirators (aRR, 0.82) and working remotely (aRR, 0.74). Being overweight (aRR, 1.18) or obese (aRR, 1.24); being a nurse or nurse assistant (aRR, 1.20); working in the emergency room (aRR, 1.45), general wards (aRR, 1.45), intensive care unit (aRR, 1.34), or COVID-19 areas (aRR, 1.17); and close contact with COVID-19 cases (aRR, 1.47) increased the risk of infection. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection found in this study reflects the dynamics of the first year of the pandemic in Bogotá. A high burden of infection calls for strengthening prevention and screening measures for HCWs, focusing especially on those at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Liliana Valderrama-Beltrán
- PhD Program in Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Infectious Diseases Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail: (SLVB); (MAF)
| | - Juliana Cuervo-Rojas
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Beatriz Ariza
- Clinical Laboratory Science Research Group, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Cardozo
- Clinical Laboratory Science Research Group, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Ángel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Samuel Martinez-Vernaza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Infectious Diseases Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Juliana Soto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Infectious Diseases Research Group, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julieth Arcila
- Clinical Laboratory Science Research Group, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Salgado
- Clinical Laboratory Science Research Group, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martín Rondón
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Magda Cepeda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Cesar Castellanos
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel Antonio Franco
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail: (SLVB); (MAF)
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Noh EY, Park YH, Chai YJ, Kim HJ, Kim E. Frontline nurses' burnout and its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. Appl Nurs Res 2022; 67:151622. [PMID: 36116862 PMCID: PMC9349023 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus disease pandemic is a global health crisis with psychological consequences for healthcare workers. Purpose To identify the prevalence and potential factors influencing burnout among frontline nurses in South Korea. Methods This cross-sectional study comprised 161 nurses who voluntarily participated in the survey through advertisements at a general hospital. Data on sociodemographic and professional characteristics, insomnia, depression, anxiety, stress, and burnout were collected via an online questionnaire in 2021. Results Among the participants, 90 had a high level of burnout. Overall, 59.6 %, 23.0 %, 36.0 %, and 17.4 % of nurses experienced insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. The results showed that the assigned number of patients, insomnia, and depression were the major factors affecting burnout levels of nursing staff. Conclusions Frontline nurses were the main force in the fight against public health emergencies. The government and medical institutions must consider professional and psychological factors in ameliorating burnout and safety for nurses.
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Mohr NM, Krishnadasan A, Harland KK, Ten Eyck P, Mower WR, Schrading WA, Montoy JCC, McDonald LC, Kutty PK, Hesse E, Santibanez S, Weissman DN, Slev P, Talan DA. Emergency department personnel patient care-related COVID-19 risk. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271597. [PMID: 35867681 PMCID: PMC9307202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency department (ED) health care personnel (HCP) are at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to determine the attributable risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from providing ED care, describe personal protective equipment use, and identify modifiable ED risk factors. We hypothesized that providing ED patient care increases the probability of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of 1,673 ED physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), nurses, and nonclinical staff at 20 U.S. centers over 20 weeks (May to December 2020; before vaccine availability) to detect a four-percentage point increased SARS-CoV-2 incidence among HCP related to direct patient care. Participants provided monthly nasal and serology specimens and weekly exposure and procedure information. We used multivariable regression and recursive partitioning to identify risk factors. RESULTS Over 29,825 person-weeks, 75 participants (4.5%) acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection (31 were asymptomatic). Physicians/APPs (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 0.56-2.03) did not have higher risk of becoming infected compared to nonclinical staff, but nurses had a marginally increased risk (aOR 1.91; 95% CI 0.99-3.68). Over 99% of participants used CDC-recommended personal protective equipment (PPE), but PPE lapses occurred in 22.1% of person-weeks and 32.1% of SARS-CoV-2-infected patient intubations. The following factors were associated with infection: household SARS-CoV-2 exposure; hospital and community SARS-CoV-2 burden; community exposure; and mask non-use in public. SARS-CoV-2 intubation was not associated with infection (attributable risk fraction 13.8%; 95% CI -2.0-38.2%), and nor were PPE lapses. CONCLUSIONS Among unvaccinated U.S. ED HCP during the height of the pandemic, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection was similar in nonclinical staff and HCP engaged in direct patient care. Many identified risk factors were related to community exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Mohr
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anusha Krishnadasan
- Olive View-UCLA Education and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karisa K. Harland
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Patrick Ten Eyck
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - William R. Mower
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Walter A. Schrading
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama and Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos C. Montoy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - L. Clifford McDonald
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Preeta K. Kutty
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Hesse
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Scott Santibanez
- Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David N. Weissman
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Patricia Slev
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - David A. Talan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Olive View-UCLA Education and Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Clinical and occupational risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare personnel. ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP & HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY : ASHE 2022; 2:e123. [PMID: 36505949 PMCID: PMC9727206 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2022.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To identify characteristics associated with positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in healthcare personnel. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting A multihospital healthcare system. Participants Employees who reported SARS-CoV-2 exposures and/or symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between March 30, 2020, and September 20, 2020, and were subsequently referred for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. Methods Data from exposure and/or symptom reports were linked to the corresponding SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result. Employee demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, and symptoms were evaluated as potential risk factors for having a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Results Among 6,289 employees who received SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing, 873 (14%) had a positive test. Independent risk factors for a positive PCR included: working in a patient care area (relative risk [RR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.40), having a known SARS-CoV-2 exposure (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.37), reporting a community versus an occupational exposure (RR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.49-2.34), and having an infected household contact (RR, 2.47; 95% CI, 2.11-2.89). Nearly all HCP (99%) reported symptoms. Symptoms associated with a positive PCR in a multivariable analysis included loss of sense of smell (RR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.09-3.24) or taste (RR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.40-2.20), cough (RR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.40-2.20), fever, and muscle aches. Conclusions In this cohort of >6,000 healthcare system and academic medical center employees early in the pandemic, community exposures, and particularly household exposures, were associated with greater risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than occupational exposures. This work highlights the importance of COVID-19 prevention in the community and in healthcare settings to prevent COVID-19.
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Rapid review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100280. [PMID: 35722539 PMCID: PMC9190185 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide have and are using personal protective equipment (PPE) as COVID-19 prevention measures, including gloves, gowns, goggles, masks and hand hygiene. Although several reviews have been published on the effectiveness of PPE, these often include studies on other inflectional diseases. This is problematic, because these diseases differ with regard to, e.g. the transmissibility and viral loads in the days after infection. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of PPE to protect HCWs from COVID-19 infections. Design Rapid review of literature. Methods We followed a practical guide to conduct the rapid review based on a protocol established by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Meta-analyses have been conducted to synthesize the results. The confidence in the evidence was determined using the GRADE method. Results We found 461 reviews and 208 primary studies, of which 16 systematic reviews included 11 observational studies of interest. Wearing PPE conferred significant protection against infection with COVID-19 as opposed to not wearing adequate PPE. Overall, the review results show that wearing face masks can significantly protect HCWs from infection. We found no effects for wearing gloves and gowns. Practicing thorough hand hygiene and having proper PPE, as compared to lacking proper PPE, showed a protective but not statistically significant effect. No studies reported the side effects of wearing PPE or acceptance rates. Conclusion This evidence supports PPE use by HCW, and especially N95 masks, to reduce the risk of a COVID-19 infection.
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Bueno-Hernández N, Carrillo-Ruíz JD, Méndez-García LA, Rizo-Téllez SA, Viurcos-Sanabria R, Santoyo-Chávez A, Márquez-Franco R, Aguado-García A, Baltazar-López N, Tomita-Cruz Y, Barrón EV, Sánchez AL, Márquez E, Fossion R, Rivera AL, Ruelas L, Lecona OA, Martínez-Mekler G, Müller M, Arroyo-Valerio AG, Escobedo G. High Incidence Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers at a Dedicated COVID-19 Hospital: Experiences of the Pandemic from a Large Mexican Hospital. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:896. [PMID: 35628032 PMCID: PMC9141357 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Health care workers (HCW) are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW has been examined in cross-sectional studies by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) tests, which may lead to underestimating exact incidence rates. We thus investigated the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a group of HCW at a dedicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospital in a six-month follow-up period. We conducted a prospective cohort study on 109 participants of both sexes working in areas of high, moderate, and low SARS-CoV-2 exposure. qPCR tests in nasopharyngeal swabs and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG serum antibodies were assessed at the beginning and six months later. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were analyzed according to IgG seropositivity by paired Student's T-test or the chi-square test. The incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection was considerably high in our cohort of HCW (58%), among whom 67% were asymptomatic carriers. No baseline risk factors contributed to the infection rate, including the workplace. It is still necessary to increase hospital safety procedures to prevent virus transmissibility from HCW to relatives and non-COVID-19 patients during the upcoming waves of contagion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nallely Bueno-Hernández
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - José Damian Carrillo-Ruíz
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (J.D.C.-R.); (R.M.-F.); (A.A.-G.); (N.B.-L.); (Y.T.-C.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
| | - Lucía A. Méndez-García
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (S.A.R.-T.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Salma A. Rizo-Téllez
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (S.A.R.-T.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Rebeca Viurcos-Sanabria
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (S.A.R.-T.); (R.V.-S.)
| | - Alisson Santoyo-Chávez
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (N.B.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - René Márquez-Franco
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (J.D.C.-R.); (R.M.-F.); (A.A.-G.); (N.B.-L.); (Y.T.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Aguado-García
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (J.D.C.-R.); (R.M.-F.); (A.A.-G.); (N.B.-L.); (Y.T.-C.)
| | - Neyla Baltazar-López
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (J.D.C.-R.); (R.M.-F.); (A.A.-G.); (N.B.-L.); (Y.T.-C.)
| | - Yoshio Tomita-Cruz
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (J.D.C.-R.); (R.M.-F.); (A.A.-G.); (N.B.-L.); (Y.T.-C.)
| | - Eira Valeria Barrón
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (E.V.B.); (A.L.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Ana Laura Sánchez
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (E.V.B.); (A.L.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Edna Márquez
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (E.V.B.); (A.L.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.F.); (A.L.R.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.R.); (O.A.L.)
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.F.); (A.L.R.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.R.); (O.A.L.)
| | - Luis Ruelas
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.R.); (O.A.L.)
| | - Octavio A. Lecona
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.R.); (O.A.L.)
| | - Gustavo Martínez-Mekler
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Markus Müller
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico;
| | - América G. Arroyo-Valerio
- Research Directorate, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (J.D.C.-R.); (R.M.-F.); (A.A.-G.); (N.B.-L.); (Y.T.-C.)
| | - Galileo Escobedo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Research Division, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06726, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (S.A.R.-T.); (R.V.-S.)
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Astbury S, Reynolds CJ, Butler DK, Muñoz‐Sandoval DC, Lin K, Pieper FP, Otter A, Kouraki A, Cusin L, Nightingale J, Vijay A, Craxford S, Aithal GP, Tighe PJ, Gibbons JM, Pade C, Joy G, Maini M, Chain B, Semper A, Brooks T, Ollivere BJ, McKnight Á, Noursadeghi M, Treibel TA, Manisty C, Moon JC, Valdes AM, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM. HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19. Immunology 2022; 166:68-77. [PMID: 35156709 PMCID: PMC9111350 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection results in different outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to mild or severe disease and death. Reasons for this diversity of outcome include differences in challenge dose, age, gender, comorbidity and host genomic variation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms may influence immune response and disease outcome. We investigated the association of HLAII alleles with case definition symptomatic COVID-19, virus-specific antibody and T-cell immunity. A total of 1364 UK healthcare workers (HCWs) were recruited during the first UK SARS-CoV-2 wave and analysed longitudinally, encompassing regular PCR screening for infection, symptom reporting, imputation of HLAII genotype and analysis for antibody and T-cell responses to nucleoprotein (N) and spike (S). Of 272 (20%) HCW who seroconverted, the presence of HLA-DRB1*13:02 was associated with a 6·7-fold increased risk of case definition symptomatic COVID-19. In terms of immune responsiveness, HLA-DRB1*15:02 was associated with lower nucleocapsid T-cell responses. There was no association between DRB1 alleles and anti-spike antibody titres after two COVID vaccine doses. However, HLA DRB1*15:01 was associated with increased spike T-cell responses following both first and second dose vaccination. Trial registration: NCT04318314 and ISRCTN15677965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Astbury
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - David K. Butler
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Kai‐Min Lin
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Ashley Otter
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandPorton DownUK
| | - Afroditi Kouraki
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Lola Cusin
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Jessica Nightingale
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Amrita Vijay
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Simon Craxford
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Guruprasad P. Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Joseph M. Gibbons
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryBlizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Corinna Pade
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryBlizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - George Joy
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Mala Maini
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Amanda Semper
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandPorton DownUK
| | - Timothy Brooks
- National Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandPorton DownUK
| | - Benjamin J. Ollivere
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Áine McKnight
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryBlizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Thomas A. Treibel
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - James C. Moon
- Barts Heart CentreSt. Bartholomew's HospitalLondonUK
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Department of Infectious DiseaseImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Lung DivisionRoyal Brompton and Harefield HospitalsGuy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Immunology and InflammationImperial College LondonLondonUK
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Kosztin A, Merkely B, Szabó AJ, Blaha B, Varga P, Vásárhelyi B, Vokó Z. Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and seropositivity among healthcare workers and medical students in summer 2020, Hungary. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2022; 35:209-216. [PMID: 34981793 PMCID: PMC10464783 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to compare the prevalence of acute infection and seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students. MATERIAL AND METHODS A high-volume, single-center analysis was conducted in the period of July 1‒August 1, 2020, at the Semmelweis University. Naso- and oropharyngeal samples were collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and blood samples for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. A questionnaire was also administered about the infection symptoms and the obtained results were assessed by profession and site of care delivery. RESULTS From the total cohort (N = 7948), 4478 (56%) and 3470 (44%) were health professionals and medical students, respectively. They were mainly female (67%), and the mean age of HCWs and students was 40 and 25 years, respectively. By profession, physicians (1.5%) and other HCWs (1.8%) showed a comparable SARS-CoV-2 exposure. International students had the highest (2.1%), whereas Hungarian students had the lowest (0.6%) prevalence of seropositivity. The highest prevalence was detected among the staff of COVID-19 wards (12.1%). By PCR, medical students showed the lowest occurrence of active infection with a prevalence of 0.17%, while physicians and other HCWs had a higher prevalence (1.46% and 1.71%, respectively). By site of care delivery, positive test results were the most frequent at COVID-19 wards (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS Physicians and other HCWs showed comparable SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prevalence, approximately twice as high as in the general population of Budapest. Hungarian students had lower prevalence of seropositivity than this reference. High prevalence among international students suggests that they had imported the infection. The very high prevalence of documented exposure among staff members at COVID-19 wards urges for improving the safety measures. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(2):209-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Kosztin
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Heart and Vascular Center)
| | - Béla Merkely
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Heart and Vascular Center)
| | - Attila J Szabó
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (1st Department of Pediatrics)
| | - Béla Blaha
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Department of Laboratory Medicine)
| | - Péter Varga
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Clinical Centre)
| | - Barna Vásárhelyi
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Center for Health Technology Assessment)
| | - Zoltán Vokó
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Center for Health Technology Assessment)
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25
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Sundberg A, Gottschalk R, Wicker S. [Occupationally acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare personnel in Frankfurt am Main from March to August 2020]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2022; 65:639-649. [PMID: 35384444 PMCID: PMC8984668 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standardised surveillance of COVID-19 infections among healthcare personnel during the current pandemic was and is not available. In particular, the proportion of occupational infections among healthcare personnel and which workers among them are most at risk remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyse the reported COVID-19 cases among healthcare personnel in Frankfurt/Main during the first six months of the pandemic, to determine the number of occupational infections and thus to allow a better interpretation of the data published by the Robert Koch Institute. METHODS Data from the Frankfurt/Main Health Protection Authority was analysed for the period from 1 March to 31 August 2020, and healthcare personnel were recruited for a cross-sectional survey. Three subgroups were defined and analysed according to whether the infectious contact occurred at work, in private or in an unknown setting. RESULTS Healthcare personnel accounted for 11.8% (319/2700) of all reported COVID-19 cases in Frankfurt/Main during the period studied. In the survey, 47.2% of respondents reported that their infection was acquired in the workplace. There was an association of contact with COVID-19 patients as well as employment in the internal medicine ward and a reported work-related infection. Also apparent was an association between suspected occupational infections and consequently filed reports for alleged occupational disease. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Health protection authorities are in a position to collect relevant data on work-related transmissions in healthcare occupations and workplaces and should generate standardised data on infected healthcare personnel. This data is necessary to take targeted infection control and prevention measures that protect healthcare personnel and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sundberg
- Gesundheitsamt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland. .,Betriebsärztlicher Dienst, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Deutschland.
| | - René Gottschalk
- Gesundheitsamt, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.,Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Deutschland
| | - Sabine Wicker
- Betriebsärztlicher Dienst, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt/Main, Deutschland
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The NJ Alliance for Clinical and Translational Science (NJ ACTS) experience: Responding at “warp speed” to COVID-19. J Clin Transl Sci 2022; 6:e62. [PMID: 35720969 PMCID: PMC9161045 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Thomas-Hawkins C, Zha P, Flynn L, Ando S. Effects of Race, Workplace Racism, and COVID Worry on the Emotional Well-Being of Hospital-Based Nurses: A Dual Pandemic. Behav Med 2022; 48:95-108. [PMID: 35318891 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.1977605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Persons of color in the US experience the worst COVID-related outcomes and account for the majority of COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations among healthcare workers. In a pandemic where minority populations and healthcare workers are among the hardest hit, nurses of color are undoubtedly taxed. Moreover, their workplace racism experiences represent a dual pandemic in that the effects of COVID-19 worries and workplace racism may synergize to the detriment of their emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to examine the direct, indirect, and interactive effects of individual (race, COVID worry), interpersonal (workplace racial microaggressions), and institutional (racial climate) factors on hospital-based nurses' emotional well-being. A sample of 788 registered nurses who worked in New Jersey hospitals completed an electronic survey. Compared to White nurses, nonwhite nurses reported higher emotional distress, more negative racial climates, more racial microaggressions, and higher levels of COVID worry. Nurses' worry about getting sick from COVID and multiple racial microaggression experiences had the largest effects on the likelihood of high emotional distress. Racism variables and worry about COVID mediated indirect effects of nonwhite race on emotional distress. Racial microaggressions mediated an indirect effect of racial climate on this outcome. Nurses who were worried about getting sick from COVID and experienced multiple microaggressions and/or the most negative racial climates had severe emotional distress. There is a need for sustained investment in a racially diverse nursing workforce. Mitigating workplace racism in hospitals is crucial, particularly during public health crises that disproportionately threaten minority populations and healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peijia Zha
- School of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Linda Flynn
- School of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sakura Ando
- School of Nursing, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Wang RC, Murphy CE, Kornblith AE, Hohenstein NA, Carter CM, Wong AHK, Kurtz T, Kohn MA. SARS COV-2 anti-nucleocapsid and anti-spike antibodies in an emergency department healthcare worker cohort: September 2020 – April 2021. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 54:81-86. [PMID: 35144108 PMCID: PMC8808429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency department (ED) workers have an increased seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, breakthrough infections in ED workers have led to a reduced workforce within a strained healthcare system. By measuring levels of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike antigens in ED workers, we determined the incidence of infection and described the course of antibody levels. We also measured the antibody response to vaccination and examined factors associated with immunogenicity. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of ED workers conducted at a single ED from September 2020–April 2021. IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months, and IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen were measured at 6 months. Results At baseline, we found 5 out of 139 (3.6%) participants with prior infection. At 6 months, 4 of the 5 had antibody results below the test manufacturer's positivity threshold. We identified one incident case of SARS-COV-2 infection out of 130 seronegative participants (0.8%, 95% CI 0.02–4.2%). In 131 vaccinated participants (125 BNT162b2, 6 mRNA-1273), 131 tested positive for anti-spike antibodies. We identified predictors of anti-spike antibody levels: time since vaccination, prior COVID-19 infection, age, and vaccine type. Each additional week since vaccination was associated with an 11.1% decrease in anti-spike antibody levels. (95% CI 6.2–15.8%). Conclusion ED workers experienced a low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and developed antibodies in response to vaccines and prior infection. Antibody levels decreased markedly with time since infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph C Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Charles E Murphy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Aaron E Kornblith
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of California, , San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Nicole A Hohenstein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Cornelius M Carter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Angela H K Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Theodore Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, , San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Michael A Kohn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, , San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
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High failure rate of ChAdOx1-nCoV19 immunization against asymptomatic infection in healthcare workers during a Delta variant surge. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1726. [PMID: 35365648 PMCID: PMC8975928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization is expected to confer protection against infection and severe disease for vaccines while reducing risks to unimmunized populations by inhibiting transmission. Here, based on serial serological studies of an observational cohort of healthcare workers, we show that during a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus 2 Delta-variant outbreak in Delhi, 25.3% (95% Confidence Interval 16.9-35.2) of previously uninfected, ChAdOx1-nCoV19 double vaccinated, healthcare workers were infected within less than two months, based on serology. Induction of anti-spike response was similar between groups with breakthrough infection (541 U/ml, Inter Quartile Range 374) and without (342 U/ml, Inter Quartile Range 497), as was the induction of neutralization activity to wildtype. This was not vaccine failure since vaccine effectiveness estimate based on infection rates in an unvaccinated cohort were about 70% and most infections were asymptomatic. We find that while ChAdOx1-nCoV19 vaccination remains effective in preventing severe infections, it is unlikely to be completely able to block transmission and provide herd immunity. The authors study a cohort of healthcare workers in India who received two doses of the ChAdOx-1-nCoV19 vaccine during the Delta wave. Using serological data, they infer that 25% of the cohort were infected within 60 days of vaccination, although there were no severe infections leading to hospitalisations.
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Darvishian M, Sharafkhah M, Mohammadi Z, Sadeghniiat-haghighi K, Abdollahi A, Jafary M, Talaschian M, Tabarsi P, Baghai P, Mardani M, Shayanrad A, Shafighian F, Markarian M, Roozafzai F, Zamani M, Alvand S, Hariri S, Sadeghi A, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Health Care Workers in Major Private and Public Hospitals With COVID-19 Patient's Referral in Tehran, Iran. Front Public Health 2022; 10:832003. [PMID: 35400056 PMCID: PMC8987007 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity among health care workers (HCWs) is crucial. In this study, the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs of five hospitals of Tehran, Iran with high COVID-19 patient's referrals from April to June, 2020, was assessed. In this cross-sectional study, HCWs from three public and two private hospitals, selected randomly as a pilot, were included. Participants were asked questions on their demographic characteristics, medical history, hospital role, and usage of personal protective equipment (PPE). Iran FDA-approved SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kits were used to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in blood samples. The seroprevalence was estimated on the basis of ELISA test results and adjusted for test performance. Among the 2,065 participants, 1,825 (88.4%) and 240 (11.6%) HCWs were recruited from public and private hospitals, respectively. A total of 340 HCWs were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG or IgM antibodies, and 17.9% of seropositive individuals were asymptomatic. The overall test performance-adjusted seroprevalence estimate among HCWs was 22.6 (95% CI: 20.2–25.1), and PPE usage was significantly higher among HCWs of public vs. private hospitals (66.5 vs. 20.0%). This study found that seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs was higher in private hospitals (37.0%; 95% CI: 28.6–46.2) than public hospitals (20.7%; 95% CI: 18.2–23.3), and also highest among assistant nurses and nurses, and lowest among janitor or superintendent categories. The PPE usage was especially suboptimal among HCWs in private hospitals. Continued effort in access to adequate PPE and regular screening of hospital staff for detecting asymptomatic personnel, especially during the upcoming wave of infection, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darvishian
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Talaschian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Tabarsi
- Clinical Tb and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Baghai
- Clinical Tb and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mardani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amaneh Shayanrad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafighian
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melineh Markarian
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roozafzai
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Alvand
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanam Hariri
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Sadeghi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Hossein Poustchi
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reza Malekzadeh
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Simon P, Chiniara G, St-Pierre L, Ahossi E, Dogba MJ, Cléophat J, Chénier C, Dubuc É, Landry C, Vonarx N, Pilote B. [First wave of COVID-19 in Quebec: Healthcare workers' motivation to treat infected patients]. SANTE PUBLIQUE (VANDOEUVRE-LES-NANCY, FRANCE) 2022; Vol. 33:853-862. [PMID: 35485017 DOI: 10.3917/spub.216.0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retention of healthcare workers (HCWs) in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic could become a challenge. It is therefore important to better understand what are the motivational elements that could explain a greater or lesser motivation to care for infected patients. OBJECTIVES To evaluate factors modulating HCWs' willingness to treat COVID-19 infected patients. METHODS HCWs from Québec, Canada, were invited to complete an online survey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between the months of April and July 2020. The survey focused on the intention to avoid treating infected patients, prior experiences in treating COVID-19 patients and anxiety levels. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to assess which factors explained differences in HCWs intention to avoid treating patients. RESULTS A total of 430 HCW completed the survey. A majority were women (87%) and nurses (50%). Of those, 12% indicated having considered measures to avoid working with COVID-19 infected patients and 5% indicated having taken actions to avoid working with infected patients. A further 18% indicated that they would use a hypothetical opportunity to avoid working with infected patients. Having previously treated infected patients was associated with a significant reduction in the intention to avoid work (OR: 0.56 CI 0.36-0.86). Amongst HCWs, physicians had a significantly reduced intention to avoid treating infected patients (OR: 0.47 CI 0.23-0.94). We also found that an increase in anxiety score was associated with a greater intention to avoid treating COVID-19 infected patients (OR: 1.06 CI 1.04-1.08). CONCLUSION Study results suggest that previous experience in treating COVID-19 infected patients is protective in terms of work-avoidance intentions. We also found that amongst HCWs, physicians had a significantly lower intention to avoid working with COVID-19 infected patients. Finally, our results show that increase in anxiety is associated with a higher intention to avoid treating infected patients. Characterization of factors associated with low anxiety levels and low reluctance to work during the COVID-19 pandemic could be useful in staffing facilities during the present and future healthcare crisis.
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Haq M, Rehman A, Haq M, Haq H, Rajab H, Ahmad J, Ahmed J, Anwar S, Ahmad S, Haq NU. Identifying higher risk subgroups of health care workers for priority vaccination against COVID-19. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2022; 10:25151355221080724. [PMID: 35295994 PMCID: PMC8918754 DOI: 10.1177/25151355221080724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to close contact with infected patients in hospital. The objective of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence and to identify the exposure risk of various subgroups among HCWs to prioritize them for early vaccination. Methods: This was a multicentre cross-sectional study conducted between 15 and 29 June 2020. A total of 987 HCWs were recruited randomly from two major tertiary-care hospitals of Peshawar city, Pakistan. The HCWs included doctors, nurses, paramedics and hospital support staff. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved kit was used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Results: Overall, 310 (31.4%) HCWs were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (95% confidence interval, CI: 28.5–34.4). Seroprevalence was higher in males (33.5%) and in age group 51–60 years (40.9%). Seropositivity increased with increasing age from 8.3% in age group ⩽20 to 40.9% in 51–60 years of age group (p < 0.05). The highest seroprevalence was identified in paramedical staff (42·5%, 95% CI: 36.6–48.6) followed by nursing staff (38·8%, 95% CI: 32.1–45.7). In logistic regression, being a male HCW led to higher risk of seropositivity (odds ratio, OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1·06–2.13. p < 0.05) compared with female staff members. The odds of seropositivity was higher in nurses (OR: 3·47, 95% CI: 1.99–6.05. p < 0.01), paramedical staff (OR: 3·19, 95% CI: 1.93–5.28. p < 0.01) and hospital support staff (OR: 2·47, 95% CI: 1.29–4.7. p < 0.01) compared with consultants. Conclusion: Overall, our results concluded that nursing and paramedical staff are at higher risk and should be vaccinated on priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Haq
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Rehman
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Momina Haq
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hala Haq
- Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hala Rajab
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Anwar
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najib Ul Haq
- Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Warsak Road Peshawar, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Murphy MJ. Exploring the Ethics of a Nurses' Strike During a Pandemic. Am J Nurs 2022; 122:49-54. [PMID: 35200190 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000823000.39601.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT It's usually considered a violation of professional ethics for health care workers, including nurses, to refuse to work during mass medical emergencies, especially if their refusal is over concerns like compensation. Strikes and other forms of work stoppage may result in harm to patients and, therefore, violate professional obligations of beneficence. However, in rare circumstances a health care worker's choice to remain on the job despite risk or potential harm to themselves or even their family may be considered beyond their professional obligation. During a pandemic such as COVID-19, the ethical calculus (that is, finding the right balance between beneficence and harm before deciding on a course of action) must take account of a confluence of factors, including the risks to present patients, future patients, and health care workers; the severity and duration of the risks; and the availability of ameliorative or protective steps that reduce risk and harm. The principle of beneficence to both future patients and health care workers may be thwarted if the risk analysis is confined only to short-term concerns (that is, to concerns occurring within a narrow temporal window). If a significantly elevated risk has been demonstrated to affect nurses and other health care workers of color disproportionately, racial justice must also be considered. The purpose of this article is to assess the moral framework of a work stoppage by nurses during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Murphy
- Michael J. Murphy is a distinguished professor emeritus at the State University of New York at Cobleskill. Contact author: . The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Youssef D, Abou-Abbas L, Berry A, Youssef J, Hassan H. Determinants of acceptance of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among Lebanese health care workers using health belief model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264128. [PMID: 35192664 PMCID: PMC8863223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Health care workers (HCWs) are at high occupational risk for COVID-19, they are prioritized for immunization. This study aimed to assess the acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs and to identify its determinants. A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between10 and 31 December 2020 among Lebanese HCWs. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a theoretical framework. Multivariable logistic analyses were carried out to identify the factors associated with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs. A total of 1800 HCWs have completed the survey. Around half (58.10%) of them were frontline HCWs and aged between (30-49) years old. Over two-thirds (67.33%) of the participants have received the seasonal influenza vaccine. The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among surveyed HCWs was 58%. HCWs who were male (aOR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.41-2.80)), working in the frontlines (aOR = 1.61, 95% CI (1.17-2.21), and those who have received influenza vaccination for the current year (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI(0.99-1.92)) were more willing to get the COVID-19 vaccine. However, factors such as living in rural areas (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.44-0.84)), and being previously diagnosed with COVID-19 (aOR = 0.66, 95%CI (0.45-0.96) were found negatively associated with vaccine acceptance. In terms of health beliefs items, concerns related to the novelty of vaccine (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI (0.25-0.71)), side effects/vaccine safety (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI (0.23-0.73), reliability of manufacturer (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI (0.30-0.63)), and the number of required doses (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.40-0.84)) were also negatively associated with the willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Remarkably, concerns such as the limited accessibility (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI (1.14-2.47)), and availability of vaccines (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI (1.46-3.20)) were associated with an increased likelihood of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. With regards to cues of action, receiving reliable and adequate information about the vaccine (aOR = 1.98, 95% CI (1.36-2.88)), recommendation by health authorities (aOR = 1.93, 95% CI(1.33-2.81)), and recommendations from health facilities (aOR = 2.68, 95% CI(1.80-3.99)) were also positively associated with vaccine acceptance. Lastly, perception of COVID-19 vaccine benefits by HCWs in terms of protecting them and their close contacts (patients, family members, and friends) from COVID-19 infection (aOR = 4.21, 95% CI (2.78-7.11)) was associated with an increased likelihood of vaccine uptake. The moderate acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs found in our study could have broader extents. Understanding and pointing out factors impairing vaccine acceptance such as concerns about the novelty of vaccine and manufacturers' reliability are required to reach a higher vaccination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Youssef
- Preventive Medicine Department, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health, Institut de santé publique, d’épidémiologie et de développement (ISPED), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
- Clinical trial Program, Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Linda Abou-Abbas
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Atika Berry
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health, Institut de santé publique, d’épidémiologie et de développement (ISPED), Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Janet Youssef
- Al Zahraa hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Taremwa IM, Ashaba S, Kyarisiima R, Ayebazibwe C, Ninsiima R, Mattison C. Treatment-seeking and uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years during COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities in South West Uganda: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:373. [PMID: 35189865 PMCID: PMC8860364 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite efforts to avert the negative effects of malaria, there remain barriers to the uptake of prevention measures, and these have hindered its eradication. This study explored the factors that influence uptake of malaria prevention strategies among pregnant women and children under-five years and the impact of COVID-19 in a malaria endemic rural district in Uganda. Methods This was a qualitative case study that used focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and key informant interviews involving pregnant women, caregivers of children under-five years, traditional birth attendants, village health teams, local leaders, and healthcare providers to explore malaria prevention uptake among pregnant women and children under-five years. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and data were analyzed using thematic content approach. Results Seventy-two participants were enrolled in the Focus Group Discussions, 12 in the in-depth interviews, and 2 as key informants. Pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years were able to recognize causes of malaria, transmission, and symptoms. All participants viewed malaria prevention as a high priority, and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito bed nets (ITNs) was upheld. Participants' own experiences indicated adverse effects of malaria to both pregnant women and children under-five. Home medication and the use of local herbs were a common practice. Some participants didn’t use any of the malaria prevention methods due to deliberate refusal, perceived negative effects of the ITNs, and family disparity. The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) control measures did not abate the risk of malaria infection but these were deleterious to healthcare access and the focus of malaria prevention. Conclusions Although pregnant women and caregivers of children under-five years recognized symptoms of malaria infection, healthcare-seeking was not apt as some respondents used alternative approaches and delayed seeking formal healthcare. It is imperative to focus on the promotion of malaria prevention strategies and address drawbacks associated with misconceptions about these interventions, and promotion of health-seeking behaviors. As COVID-19 exacerbated the effect of malaria prevention uptake and healthcare seeking, it’s critical to recommit and integrate COVID-19 prevention measures in normative living and restrict future barriers to healthcare access. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12771-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Rose Kyarisiima
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Ruth Ninsiima
- Rwamanja Refugee Settlement, Kamwenge District, Uganda
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Banu B, Akter N, Chowdhury SH, Islam KR, Islam MT, Hossain SM. Infection and vaccination status of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals in academic platform: Prevision vs. reality of Bangladesh context. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263078. [PMID: 35180216 PMCID: PMC8856526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 posed the healthcare professionals at enormous risk during this pandemic era while vaccination was recommended as one of the effective preventive approaches. It was visualized that almost all health workforces would be under vaccination on a priority basis as they are the frontline fighters during this pandemic. This study was designed to explore the reality regarding infection and vaccination status of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals of Bangladesh. It was a web-based cross-sectional survey and conducted among 300 healthcare professionals available in the academic platform of Bangladesh. A multivariate logistic regression model was used for the analytical exploration. Adjusted and Unadjusted Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for the specified setting indicators. A Chi-square test was used to observe the association. Ethical issues were maintained according to the guidance of the declaration of Helsinki. Study revealed that 41% of all respondents identified as COVID-19 positive whereas a significant number (18.3%) found as non-vaccinated due to registration issues as 52.70%, misconception regarding vaccination as 29.10%, and health-related issues as 18.20%. Respondents of more than 50 years of age found more significant on having positive infection rather than the younger age groups. Predictors for the non-vaccination guided that male respondents (COR/p = 3.49/0.01), allied health professionals, and respondents from the public organizations (p = 0.01) who were ≤29 (AOR/p = 4.45/0.01) years of age significantly identified as non-vaccinated. As the older female groups were found more infected and a significant number of health care professionals found as non-vaccinated, implementation of specific strategies and policies are needed to ensure the safety precautions and vaccination among such COVID-19 frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilkis Banu
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Akter
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Kazi Rakibul Islam
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanzeerul Islam
- Department of Public Health, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Janowski AB, Polgreen PM, Beekmann SE, Newland JG. Perceptions of risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in social and educational activities by infectious diseases and general pediatric healthcare providers, a pre-vaccine risk perception cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263767. [PMID: 35148344 PMCID: PMC8836310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perception of the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 in social and educational settings by US healthcare providers have not been previously quantified. METHODS Respondents completed an online survey between September and October 2020 to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission on a scale of 0-10 for different social and educational activities prior to the availability of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Demographic information and experiences during the pandemic were also collected. The risk assessment was emailed to three listservs of healthcare providers, including national listservs of pediatric (PID) and adult infectious diseases (AID) providers, and a listserv of general pediatric practitioners in the St Louis, USA metropolitan area. RESULTS Respondents identified the highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in spending time in a bar, eating at a restaurant, and attending an indoor sporting event. In the school setting, lower risk was identified in elementary and daycare students compared to high school or university-level students. Comparatively, the risk of transmission to students and teachers was lower than the identified high-risk social activities. Factors increasing risk perception in social activities included the absence of children in the respondent's household and female gender. For the school setting, AID providers perceived greater risk compared to PID providers or pediatric practitioners. CONCLUSIONS Respondents identified high risk activities that were associated with a high density of participants in an indoor space where masks are removed for eating and drinking. Differences were apparent in the school setting where pediatric providers perceived lower risks when compared to adult providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Janowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Polgreen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Beekmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Newland
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Polastri M. Getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2021.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Polastri
- Department of Continuity of Care and Disability, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Hong BE, Myo Bui CC, Huang YM, Grogan T, Duval VF, Cannesson M. Implementing COVID-19 Simulation Training for Anesthesiology Residents. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2022; 18:11215. [PMID: 35178468 PMCID: PMC8801548 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, anesthesiology residents faced increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 while performing aerosolizing procedures. We developed an airway simulation on the out-of-operating-room management of COVID-19 patients. METHODS A 90-minute simulation focused on caring for a 45-year-old COVID-19 patient provided training in donning and doffing personal protective equipment, intubation, management of postinduction hypotension, management of ICU ventilators, treatment strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), interpersonal communication, and resource management. Presimulation, postsimulation, and 3-months postsimulation questionnaires measured changes in confidence, knowledge, and clinical practice. Statistical analysis was completed using related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS Twenty-four residents participated in the simulation. Questionnaire response rates were 100% presimulation and postsimulation and 88% 3-months postsimulation. Confidence scores (1 = not at all, 5 = extremely) improved with donning and doffing personal protective equipment (from 3.0 to 4.1, p < .001), ARDS management (from 3.1 to 4.0, p < .001), and COVID-19 airway management (from 2.8 to 4.0, p < .001). Correct answers on 10 knowledge questions increased significantly between presimulation and postsimulation (from 5.1 to 9.0, p < .001) but not between presimulation and 3-months postsimulation (from 5.1 to 5.8, p = .27). All participants who cared for COVID-19 patients at 3 months agreed or strongly agreed that their current management of COVID-19 patients was directly influenced by the simulation session (M = 4.4). DISCUSSION This simulation is a safe, effective method of providing the experiential training necessary to care for actual COVID-19 patients during an active pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant E. Hong
- Resident, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Christine C. Myo Bui
- Associate Clinical Professor and Associate Residency Program Director, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Yue Ming Huang
- Interim Executive Director, UCLA Simulation Center; Associate Adjunct Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Principal Statistician, Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Victor F. Duval
- Anesthesiology Liaison and Lead Instructor, UCLA Simulation Center; Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
| | - Maxime Cannesson
- Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine
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Prasithsirikul W, Pongpirul K, Nopsopon T, Phutrakool P, Pongpirul W, Samuthpongtorn C, Suwanwattana P, Jongkaewwattana A. Immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccination Following Two CoronaVac Shots in Healthcare Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:217. [PMID: 35214675 PMCID: PMC8878194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries, including Thailand, provided two shots of CoronaVac to healthcare workers. Whereas ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is the promising vaccine as the booster dose, the data on immunogenicity when administered after CoronaVac have been limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 as the third dose vaccine in healthcare workers who previously received two shots of CoronaVac. The blood samples were obtained before the third vaccination dose, and one month and three months after vaccination. All participants were measured for humoral immunity including anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibody by ELISA. Twenty participants were stratified by random samples based on baseline IgG status for a cellular immunity function test at three-month post-vaccination, which included T cell and B cell functions by ELISpot. This study showed significant improvement for both humoral and cellular immunity one month after vaccination. Subgroup analysis indicated a significantly higher neutralizing antibody improvement for the population with a negative anti-spike IgG at baseline. Our study suggests that, while immunity level declines at three months post-vaccination, the level was sufficiently high to protect against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisit Prasithsirikul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Phanupong Phutrakool
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Wannarat Pongpirul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Chatpol Samuthpongtorn
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawita Suwanwattana
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (W.P.); (C.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
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Pierce M, Gudowski SW, Roberts KJ, Jackominic A, Zumstein KK, Shuttleworth A, Ho J, Susser P, Parikh A, Chandler JM, Huffenberger AM, Scott MJ, Hanson CW, Laudanski K. The Rapid Implementation of Ad Hoc Tele-Critical Care Respiratory Therapy (eRT) Service in the Wake of the COVID-19 Surge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030718. [PMID: 35160170 PMCID: PMC8837076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 24/7 telemedicine respiratory therapist (eRT) service was set up as part of the established University of Pennsylvania teleICU (PENN E-LERT®) service during the COVID-19 pandemic, serving five hospitals and 320 critical care beds to deliver effective remote care in lieu of a unit-based RT. The eRT interventions were components of an evidence-based care bundle and included ventilator liberation protocols, low tidal volume protocols, tube patency, and an extubation checklist. In addition, the proactive rounding of patients, including ventilator checks, was included. A standardized data collection sheet was used to facilitate the review of medical records, direct audio–visual inspection, or direct interactions with staff. In May 2020, a total of 1548 interventions took place, 93.86% of which were coded as “routine” based on established workflows, 4.71% as “urgent”, 0.26% “emergent”, and 1.17% were missing descriptors. Based on the number of coded interventions, we tracked the number of COVID-19 patients in the system. The average intervention took 6.1 ± 3.79 min. In 16% of all the interactions, no communication with the bedside team took place. The eRT connected with the in-house respiratory therapist (RT) in 66.6% of all the interventions, followed by house staff (9.8%), advanced practice providers (APP; 2.8%), and RN (2.6%). Most of the interaction took place over the telephone (88%), secure text message (16%), or audio-video telemedicine ICU platform (1.7%). A total of 5115 minutes were spent on tasks that a bedside clinician would have otherwise executed, reducing their exposure to COVID-19. The eRT service was instrumental in several emergent and urgent critical interventions. This study shows that an eRT service can support the bedside RT providers, effectively monitor best practice bundles, and carry out patient–ventilator assessments. It was effective in certain emergent situations and reduced the exposure of RTs to COVID-19. We plan to continue the service as part of an integrated RT service and hope to provide a framework for developing similar services in other facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Pierce
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Steven W. Gudowski
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Karsten J. Roberts
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Anthony Jackominic
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Karen K. Zumstein
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Amanda Shuttleworth
- Respiratory Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (M.P.); (S.W.G.); (K.J.R.); (A.J.); (K.K.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Joshua Ho
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Phillip Susser
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alomi Parikh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (J.H.); (P.S.); (A.P.)
| | - John M. Chandler
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ann Marie Huffenberger
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
| | - Michael J. Scott
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - C. William Hanson
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Penn Medicine Center for Connected Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (A.M.H.); (M.J.S.); (C.W.H.III)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute for Healthcare Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Colonial Penn Center, 3641 Locust Walk #210, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wilson AM, Sleeth DK, Schaefer C, Jones RM. Transmission of Respiratory Viral Diseases to Health Care Workers: COVID-19 as an Example. Annu Rev Public Health 2022; 43:311-330. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) can acquire infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from patients. Herein, COVID-19 is used with the source–pathway–receptor framework as an example to assess evidence for the role of aerosol transmission and indirect contact transmission of viral respiratory infectious diseases. Evidence for both routes is strong for COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses, but aerosol transmission is likely dominant for COVID-19. Key knowledge gaps about transmission processes and control strategies include the distribution of viable virus among respiratory aerosols of different sizes, the mechanisms and efficiency by which virus deposited on the facial mucous membrane moves to infection sites inside the body, and the performance of source controls such as face coverings and aerosol containment devices. To ensure that HCWs are adequately protected from infection, guidelines and regulations must be updated to reflect the evidence that respiratory viruses are transmitted via aerosols. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Wilson
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;, ,
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Darrah K. Sleeth
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;, ,
| | - Camie Schaefer
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;, ,
| | - Rachael M. Jones
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;, ,
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Murugesan M, Venkatesan P, Ramasamy J, Samuel P, Karthik R, Rose W, Rupali P. Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19 and Utility of Contact Tracing in Risk Assessment of Health-Care Worker Exposure during COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:82-86. [PMID: 35368479 PMCID: PMC8971878 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1097_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the COVID-19 pandemic, the frontline health-care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring infection either through household or workplace exposure. Objectives To assess the risk of acquiring infection after COVID-19 exposure, we evaluated the effectiveness of a contact tracing assessment to identify the high-risk contacts. Materials and Methods All HCW who tested COVID-19 positive in July 2020 were interviewed to do risk assessment based on their exposure, advised quarantine, and then followed up on day 14 for development of symptoms of COVID-19. Results Contact tracing identified 2569 HCW contacts for 422 index positive cases, among which 1642 (63.9%) were contactable for follow-up. Among 1642 contacts, 12.97% developed COVID-19 symptoms within 14 days of the exposure. Household contacts comprising (142 out of 956, 14.9%) had a higher risk of becoming symptomatic than workplace contacts (71 out of 686, 10.3%) ([odds ratio 0.66 (confidence interval 0.49-0.89)]. Of these, 76.6% of the household exposure and 55.4% of significant workplace exposure were tested positive for COVID-19. Conclusions Based on the risk assessment, we found that a HCW is likely to acquire infection at home rather than at the workplace, and hence, an appropriate quarantine policy can help decrease the transmission and mitigate staff shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malathi Murugesan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Infection Control Committee, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jagadish Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prasanna Samuel
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajiv Karthik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Winsley Rose
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priscilla Rupali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Videon TM, Rosati RJ, Landers SH. COVID-19 infection rates early in the pandemic among full time clinicians in a home health care and hospice organization. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:26-31. [PMID: 34606966 PMCID: PMC8486576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-facing health care workers (HCW) experience higher rates of COVID-19 infection, particularly at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, rates of COVID-19 among front-line home health and hospice clinicians are relatively unknown. METHODS Visit data from a home health care and hospice agency in New Jersey early in the pandemic was analyzed to examine COVID-19 infection rates separately for clinicians exposed to COVID-19-contagious patients, and those without exposure to known COVID-19 contagious patients. RESULTS Between March 5 and May 31, 2020, among home health clinicians providing in-person care, clinicians treating at least one COVID-19 contagious patient had a case rate of 0.8% compared to 15.7% for clinicians with no exposure to known COVID-19 contagious patients. Among hospice clinicians providing in-person care, those who treated at least one COVID-19 contagious patient had a case rate of 6.5%, compared to 12.9% for clinicians with no known exposure to COVID-19 contagious patients. Non-White clinicians had a higher COVID-19 case rate than White clinicians (10.9% vs 6.2%). DISCUSSION Lower rates of COVID-19 infection among clinicians providing care to COVID-19-contagious patients may result from greater attentiveness to infection control protocols and greater precautions in clinicians' personal lives. Greater exposure to COVID-19-contagious patients prior to patient diagnosis ("unknown exposures") may explain differences in infection rates between home health and hospice clinicians with workplace exposures. CONCLUSION Clinicians providing in-person care to COVID-19-contagious patients experience lower rates of COVID-19 infection than clinicians providing face-to-face care with no known exposure to COVID-19 contagious patients. Our findings suggest there was a low incidence of potential workplace infections.
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Hammami AS, Jellazi M, Mahjoub L, Fedhila M, Ouali S. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals in Tunisia: Risk and Protective Factors. Front Psychol 2022; 12:754047. [PMID: 34970189 PMCID: PMC8712446 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of different psychological outcomes among Tunisian healthcare professionals (HCPs) during the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the associated factors. Methods: Healthcare professionals completed a cross-sectional questionnaire during a 3-week period in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia. The survey collected demographic information, factors that may interfere with the psychological outcomes, behavioral changes, and mental health measures. Mental health was assessed using three scales: the Seven-Item Insomnia Severity Index, the Two-Item Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Two-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder instrument. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with psychological outcomes. Results: A total of 503 HCPs successfully completed the survey, and 493 agreed to enroll in the study: 411 (83.4%) physicians, 323 (64.2%) women, and 271 (55%) with a second-line work position. A significant proportion of HCPs had anxiety (35.7%), depression (35.1%), and insomnia (23.7%). Women, those with a psychiatric history, and those using public transportation had higher proportions for overall symptoms compared with other groups, for example, depression in 44.9% of female participants vs. 18.2% of male participants (p = 0.00). Those with a previous medical history and nurses had more anxiety and insomnia compared with other groups, for example, anxiety in 45.1% of nurses, 36.1% of interns/residents, and 27.5% of attending physicians (p = 0.04). Multivariable logistic regression showed that female gender was a risk factor for all psychological outcomes, whereas psychiatric history was a risk factor for both anxiety and insomnia [odds ratio (OR) = 2.86, 95% CI 1.78–4.60, p = 0.00 for insomnia]. Using protective equipment was associated with a lower risk for depression (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.27–0.62, p = 0.00) and anxiety. Physical activity was also protective against depression and anxiety (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.25–0.67, p = 0.00). Conclusion: Psychological symptoms are usually overlooked or dismissed by HCPs, although the COVID-19 pandemic played a major role in exacerbating this burden. Prompt psychological support should be endorsed and simple measures, such as physical activity and ensuring the availability of personal protective equipment, are paramount to improve mental health outcomes and the quality of care provided to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sami Hammami
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU F Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food and Vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Jellazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU F Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Mahjoub
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU F Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maya Fedhila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ouali
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHU F Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Biochemistry Laboratory, LR12ES05 LR-NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food and Vascular Health", Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Duru H. The Continuing Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Well-Being and Mental Health of ICU Healthcare Workers in Turkey: A Single-Centre Cross-Sectional Later-Phase Study. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 37:1206-1214. [PMID: 34967250 PMCID: PMC9393404 DOI: 10.1177/08850666211070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on physical
well-being and mental health of ICU healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods A total of 51 ICU HCWs working at a tertiary care hospital were included in
this cross-sectional study conducted before (January 2019-January 2020) and
during (January 2021-April 2021) COVID-19 pandemic. Data on sociodemographic
and work-related characteristics, COVID 19 history and current mental health
issues via Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale (HADS), Pittsburgh Sleep
Quality Index (PSQI), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Suicidal Ideation
Scale (SIS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were recorded. Results Overall, 62.7% of participants were nurses, heavy workload (working
≥200 h/month) was reported by 76.5% of participants and previous history of
COVID-19 was confirmed by 62.7%. Current mental health issues involved poor
sleep quality in majority (96.1%) of participants, anxiety (51.0%),
depression (51.0%) in at least half of them and a moderate degree of
emotional exhaustion Heavy workload was associated with more remarkable
decrease in sleep duration (median change: −0.5 vs. −1.0 h/day,
P = .020), Vit B12 (median change: 60[−48-293] vs.
−65[−371-262] pg/mL, P < .001) and Vit D (median change:
−1.6[−13.1-20] vs. −9.7[−39.7-21.8] ng/mL, P = .004) during
pandemic, while working hours per month were also significantly higher in
those with versus without anxiety (264[150-390] vs. 240[150-264] h,
P = .003) and with versus without depression
(264[150-390] vs. 240[150-264] h, P = .037). Conclusion Our findings indicate high prevalence of mental health issues including
anxiety and depression as well as poor sleep quality and emotional burnout
among ICU HCWs, particularly those with heavy workload.
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Fogh K, Strange JE, Scharff BFSS, Eriksen ARR, Hasselbalch RB, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Jørgensen CS, Erikstrup C, Norsk J, Nielsen PB, Kristensen JH, Østergaard L, Ellermann-Eriksen S, Andersen B, Nielsen H, Johansen IS, Wiese L, Simonsen L, Fischer TK, Folke F, Lippert F, Ostrowski SR, Benfield T, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S, Koch A, Sönksen UW, Vangsted AM, Krause TG, Fomsgaard A, Ullum H, Skov R, Iversen K. Testing Denmark: a Danish Nationwide Surveillance Study of COVID-19. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0133021. [PMID: 34908473 PMCID: PMC8672904 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01330-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
"Testing Denmark" is a national, large-scale, epidemiological surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 in the Danish population. Between September and October 2020, approximately 1.3 million people (age >15 years) were randomly invited to fill in an electronic questionnaire covering COVID-19 exposures and symptoms. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was determined by point-of care rapid test (POCT) distributed to participants' home addresses. In total, 318,552 participants (24.5% invitees) completed the study and 2,519 (0.79%) were seropositive. Of the participants with a prior positive PCR test (n = 1,828), 29.1% were seropositive in the POCT. Although seropositivity increased with age, participants 61 years and over reported fewer symptoms and were tested less frequently. Seropositivity was associated with physical contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals (risk ratio [RR] 7.43, 95% CI: 6.57-8.41), particular in household members (RR 17.70, 95% CI: 15.60-20.10). A greater risk of seropositivity was seen in home care workers (RR 2.09, 95% CI: 1.58-2.78) compared to office workers. A high degree of adherence with national preventive recommendations was reported (e.g., >80% use of face masks), but no difference were found between seropositive and seronegative participants. The seroprevalence result was somewhat hampered by a lower-than-expected performance of the POCT. This is likely due to a low sensitivity of the POCT or problems reading the test results, and the main findings therefore relate to risk associations. More emphasis should be placed on age, occupation, and exposure in local communities. IMPORTANCE To date, including 318,522 participants, this is the largest population-based study with broad national participation where tests and questionnaires have been sent to participants' homes. We found that more emphasis from national and local authorities toward the risk of infection should be placed on age of tested individuals, type of occupation, as well as exposure in local communities and households. To meet the challenge that broad nationwide information can be difficult to gather. This study design sets the stage for a novel way of conducting studies. Additionally, this study design can be used as a supplementary model in future general test strategy for ongoing monitoring of COVID-19 immunity in the population, both from past infection and from vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, however, with attention to the complexity of performing and reading the POCT at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamille Fogh
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jarl E Strange
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bibi F S S Scharff
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra R R Eriksen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus B Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne D Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Erikstrup
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospitalgrid.154185.c, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Norsk
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Brok Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas H Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospitalgrid.154185.c, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Svend Ellermann-Eriksen
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospitalgrid.154185.c, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Berit Andersen
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isik S Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospitalgrid.7143.1, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lothar Wiese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lone Simonsen
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thea K Fischer
- Department of Clinical Research, North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Public health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freddy Lippert
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse R Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kåre Mølbak
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Koch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Ullum
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Skov
- Statens Serum Institutgrid.6203.7, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospitalgrid.4973.9, Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Datta P, Ukey R, Bruiners N, Honnen W, Carayannopoulos MO, Reichman C, Choudhary A, Onyuka A, Handler D, Guerrini V, Mishra PK, Dewald HK, Lardizabal A, Lederer L, Leiser AL, Hussain S, Jagpal SK, Radbel J, Bhowmick T, Horton DB, Barrett ES, Xie YL, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Weiss SH, Woortman M, Parmar H, Roy J, Dominguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ, Carson JL, Panettieri RA, Libutti SK, Raymond HF, Pinter A, Gennaro ML. Highly versatile antibody binding assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. J Immunol Methods 2021; 499:113165. [PMID: 34634317 PMCID: PMC8500840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the burden and spread of infection with the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, whether within small communities or in large geographical settings, is of paramount importance for public health purposes. Serology, which detects the host antibody response to the infection, is the most appropriate tool for this task, since virus-derived markers are most reliably detected during the acute phase of infection. Here we show that our ELISA protocol, which is based on antibody binding to the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit of the viral Spike protein expressed as a novel fusion protein, detects antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. We also show that our ELISA is accurate and versatile. It compares favorably with commercial assays widely used in clinical practice to determine exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, our protocol accommodates use of various blood- and non-blood-derived biospecimens, such as breast milk, as well as dried blood obtained with microsampling cartridges that are appropriate for remote collection. As a result, our RBD-based ELISA protocols are well suited for seroepidemiology and other large-scale studies requiring parsimonious sample collection outside of healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Datta
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - William Honnen
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Mary O Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Charles Reichman
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Alok Choudhary
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Hannah K Dewald
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Alfred Lardizabal
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Leeba Lederer
- Bikur Cholim of Lakewood, Lakewood, NJ 08701, United States of America
| | - Aliza L Leiser
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States of America
| | - Sabiha Hussain
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Sugeet K Jagpal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Jared Radbel
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Tanaya Bhowmick
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Yingda L Xie
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | | | - Stanley H Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Melissa Woortman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Heta Parmar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Martin J Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States of America
| | - Henry F Raymond
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America.
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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49
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Do DP, Frank R. U.S. frontline workers and COVID-19 inequities. Prev Med 2021; 153:106833. [PMID: 34624386 PMCID: PMC8492358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We overcome a lack of frontline worker status information in most COVID-19 data repositories to document the extent to which occupation has contributed to COVID-19 disparities in the United States. Using national data from over a million U.S. respondents to a Facebook-Carnegie Mellon University survey administered from September 2020 to March 2021, we estimated the likelihoods of frontline workers, compared to non-frontline workers, 1) to ever test positive for SARs-Cov-2 and 2) to test positive for SARs-Cov-2 within the past two weeks. Net of other covariates including education level, county-level political environment, and rural residence, both healthcare and non-healthcare frontline workers had higher odds of having ever tested positive for SARs-Cov-2 across the study time period. Similarly, non-healthcare frontline workers were more likely to test positive in the previous 14 days. Conversely, healthcare frontline workers were less likely to have recently tested positive. Our findings suggest that occupational exposure has played an independent role in the uneven spread of the virus. In particular, non-healthcare frontline workers have experienced sustained higher risk of testing positive for SARs-Cov-2 compared to non-frontline workers. Alongside more worker protections, future COVID-19 and other highly infectious disease response strategies must be augmented by a more robust recognition of the role that structural factors, such as the highly stratified U.S. occupational landscape, have played in the uneven toll of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Phuong Do
- Public Health Policy & Administration, University of Wisconsin Zilber School of Public Health, USA.
| | - Reanne Frank
- Sociology and Faculty Affiliate of the Institute for Population Research, Ohio State University, USA.
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50
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Zhao A, Kumaravel K, Massaro E, Gonzalez M. A network-based group testing strategy for colleges. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE 2021; 6:93. [PMID: 34841044 PMCID: PMC8611643 DOI: 10.1007/s41109-021-00431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Group testing has recently become a matter of vital importance for efficiently and rapidly identifying the spread of Covid-19. In particular, we focus on college towns due to their density, observability, and significance for school reopenings. We propose a novel group testing strategy which requires only local information about the underlying transmission network. By using cellphone data from over 190,000 agents, we construct a mobility network and run extensive data-driven simulations to evaluate the efficacy of four different testing strategies. Our results demonstrate that our group testing method is more effective than three other baseline strategies for reducing disease spread with fewer tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Zhao
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, USA
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