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Xu Q, Zhou Y, Lou J, Fu Y, Lu Y, Xu M. Construction and evaluation of a metabolic correlation diagnostic model for diabetes based on machine learning algorithms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38682583 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease marked by significant metabolic dysfunctions. Understanding its molecular mechanisms is vital for early diagnosis and treatment strategies. METHODS We used datasets GSE7014, GSE25724, and GSE156248 from the GEO database to build a diagnostic model for DM using Random Forest (RF) and LASSO regression models. GSE20966 served as a validation cohort. DM patients were classified into two subtypes for functional enrichment analysis. Expression levels of key diagnostic genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from DM patients and healthy controls, focusing on CXCL12 and PPP1R12B with GAPDH as the internal control. RESULTS After de-batching the datasets, we identified 131 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DM and control groups, with 70 up-regulated and 61 down-regulated. Enrichment analysis revealed significant down-regulation in the IL-12 signaling pathway, JAK signaling post-IL-12 stimulation, and the ferroptosis pathway in DM. Five genes (CXCL12, MXRA5, UCHL1, PPP1R12B, and C7) were identified as having diagnostic value. The diagnostic model showed high accuracy in both the training and validation cohorts. The gene set also enabled the subclassification of DM patients into groups with distinct functional traits. qRT-PCR results confirmed the bioinformatics findings, particularly the up-regulation of CXCL12 and PPP1R12B in DM patients. CONCLUSION Our study pinpointed seven energy metabolism-related genes differentially expressed in DM and controls, with five holding diagnostic value. Our model accurately diagnosed DM and facilitated patient subclassification, offering new insights into DM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yina Zhou
- Chinese Internal Medicine, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfen Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Fu
- Xiaoshan District Chengxiang street community health Service center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhu Lu
- Xiaoshan District Beigan street community health Service center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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Karlson O, Arnell H, Gudjonsdottir AH, Agardh D, Torinsson Naluai Å. Intestinal gluconeogenesis is downregulated in pediatric patients with celiac disease. BMC Med 2022; 20:440. [PMID: 36369023 PMCID: PMC9652951 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated celiac disease (CD) patients have increased levels of blood glutamine and a lower duodenal expression of glutaminase (GLS). Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a process through which glutamine is turned into glucose in the small intestine, for which GLS is crucial. Animal studies suggest impaired IGN may have long-term effects on metabolic control and be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to thoroughly investigate IGN at the gene expression level in children with untreated celiac disease. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify the expression of 11 target genes related to IGN using the delta-delta Ct method with three reference genes (GUSB, IPO8, and YWHAZ) in duodenal biopsies collected from 84 children with untreated celiac disease and 58 disease controls. RESULTS Significantly lower expression of nine target genes involved in IGN was seen in duodenal biopsies from CD patients compared with controls: FBP1, G6PC, GLS, GPT1, PCK1, PPARGC1A, SLC2A2, SLC5A1, and SLC6A19. No significant difference in the expression was observed for G6PC3 or GOT1. CONCLUSIONS Children with untreated celiac disease have lower expression of genes important for IGN. Further studies are warranted to disentangle whether this is a consequence of intestinal inflammation or due to an impaired metabolic pathway shared with other chronic metabolic diseases. Impaired IGN could be a mechanism behind the increased risk of NAFLD seen in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Karlson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Audur H Gudjonsdottir
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Celiac Disease and Diabetes, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Multiple allelic associations from genes involved in energy metabolism were identified in celiac disease. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Hu X, Yang J, Lei Q, Liu W, Han H, Li F, Cao D. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Profile of Long Non-coding RNAs During Chicken Muscle Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660370. [PMID: 34040544 PMCID: PMC8141850 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental complexity of muscle arises from elaborate gene regulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in muscle development through the regulation of transcription and post-transcriptional gene expression. In chickens, previous studies have focused on the lncRNA profile during the embryonic periods, but there are no studies that explore the profile from the embryonic to post-hatching period. Here, we reconstructed 14,793 lncRNA transcripts and identified 2,858 differentially expressed lncRNA transcripts and 4,282 mRNAs from 12-day embryos (E12), 17-day embryos (E17), 1-day post-hatch chicks (D1), 14-day post-hatch chicks (D14), 56-day post-hatch chicks (D56), and 98-day post-hatch chicks (D98), based on our published RNA-seq datasets. We performed co-expression analysis for the differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, using STEM, and identified two profiles with opposite expression trends: profile 4 with a downregulated pattern and profile 21 with an upregulated pattern. The cis- and trans-regulatory interactions between the lncRNAs and mRNAs were predicted within each profile. Functional analysis of the lncRNA targets showed that lncRNAs in profile 4 contributed to the cell proliferation process, while lncRNAs in profile 21 were mainly involved in metabolism. Our work highlights the lncRNA profiles involved in the development of chicken breast muscle and provides a foundation for further experiments on the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jingchao Yang
- Shandong Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia Lei
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Haixia Han
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Fuwei Li
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Dingguo Cao
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
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5
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Uechi L, Jalali M, Wilbur JD, French JL, Jumbe NL, Meaney MJ, Gluckman PD, Karnani N, Sakhanenko NA, Galas DJ. Complex genetic dependencies among growth and neurological phenotypes in healthy children: Towards deciphering developmental mechanisms. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242684. [PMID: 33270668 PMCID: PMC7714163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms of childhood development in its many facets remain largely undeciphered. In the population of healthy infants studied in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) program, we have identified a range of dependencies among the observed phenotypes of fetal and early childhood growth, neurological development, and a number of genetic variants. We have quantified these dependencies using our information theory-based methods. The genetic variants show dependencies with single phenotypes as well as pleiotropic effects on more than one phenotype and thereby point to a large number of brain-specific and brain-expressed gene candidates. These dependencies provide a basis for connecting a range of variants with a spectrum of phenotypes (pleiotropy) as well as with each other. A broad survey of known regulatory expression characteristics, and other function-related information from the literature for these sets of candidate genes allowed us to assemble an integrated body of evidence, including a partial regulatory network, that points towards the biological basis of these general dependencies. Notable among the implicated loci are RAB11FIP4 (next to NF1), MTMR7 and PLD5, all highly expressed in the brain; DNMT1 (DNA methyl transferase), highly expressed in the placenta; and PPP1R12B and DMD (dystrophin), known to be important growth and development genes. While we cannot specify and decipher the mechanisms responsible for the phenotypes in this study, a number of connections for further investigation of fetal and early childhood growth and neurological development are indicated. These results and this approach open the door to new explorations of early human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Uechi
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mahjoubeh Jalali
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jayson D. Wilbur
- Metrum Research Group, Tariffville, CT, United States of America
| | | | - N. L. Jumbe
- Pharmactuarials LLC, Mountain View, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nikita A. Sakhanenko
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJG); (NAS)
| | - David J. Galas
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJG); (NAS)
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Feng LY, Li L. Low expression of NCALD is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:35. [PMID: 32228639 PMCID: PMC7106630 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low expression of NCALD(neurocalcin delta) in peripheral blood of ovarian cancer patients predicts poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of NCALD in ovarian cancer and its relationship with chemotherapy outcomes is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential signaling pathways of NCALD and to evaluate its ability to predict chemotherapy outcomes and prognosis. Methods High-throughput RNA sequencing data were downloaded from TCGA. GSEA explored the potential signaling pathways of NCALD. The expression of NCALD in chemotherapy sensitive and chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer patients was detected by TCGA data and clinical samples. ROC analysis confirmed the ability of NCALD to predict chemotherapy outcomes. The association between NCALD expression and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results In patients with NCALD overexpression, genes expression related to ERK1 / 2 signaling pathway, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and immune response pathway was increased, especially ERK1 / 2 signaling pathway. The expression of NCALD in chemoresistant patients was significantly lower than chemosensitive patients. In TCGA data and immunohistochemical samples, the AUC of NCALD expression predicting chemotherapy outcome was 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. In clinical samples, low expression of NCALD was associated with poor OS and PFS. Conclusions NCALD may activate the ERK1 / 2 signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. As a new biomarker of chemotherapy sensitivity, NCALD was significantly down-regulated in chemotherapy resistance ovarian cancer patients. Low expression of NCALD in ovarian cancer is associated with poor OS and PFS. In the future, further research will be needed on the potential mechanism and clinical application value of NCALD in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yuan Feng
- Department of Gynecologic oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gynecologic oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, 71 Hedi Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China.
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Ciccocioppo R, Panelli S, Conti Bellocchi MC, Cangemi GC, Frulloni L, Capelli E, Corazza GR. The Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Immune Cells in a Celiac Family Unveils Further Insights Into Disease Pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:182. [PMID: 29971234 PMCID: PMC6018082 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD), the most common chronic enteropathy worldwide, is triggered and sustained by a dysregulated immune response to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Up to date either the role of environmental factors and the pathways leading to mucosal damage have been only partially unraveled. Therefore, we seized the unique opportunity to study a naturally-occurring experimental model of a family composed of both parents suffering from CD (one on a gluten-free diet) and two non-celiac daughters. The control group consisted in four unrelated cases, two celiac and two non-celiac subjects, all matching with family members for both disease status and genetic susceptibility. In this privileged setting, we sought to investigate gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a population known to mirror the immune response state within the gut. To this purpose, PBMCs were obtained from the four biopsied-proven CD patients and the four non-celiac cases. Each group included two family members and two unrelated control subjects. After RNA purification and cDNA synthesis, each sample underwent a microarray screen on a whole-transcriptome scale, and the hybridization results were visualized by hierarchical clustering. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were partitioned into clusters displaying comparable regulations among samples. These clusters were subjected to both functional and pathway analysis by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Interestingly, on a global gene expression level, the family members clustered together, regardless of their disease status. A relevant fraction of DEG belonged to a limited number of pathways, and could be differentiated based on disease status: active CD vs. treated CD and CD vs. controls. These pathways were mainly involved in immune function regulation, cell-cell junctions, protein targeting and degradation, exosome trafficking, and signal transduction. Worth of noting, a small group of genes mapping on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome, and previously linked to cardiovascular risk, was found to be strongly upregulated in the active CD case belonging to the family, who suddenly died of a heart attack. Our results provide novel information on CD pathogenesis and may be useful in identifying new therapeutic tools and risk factors associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Invernizzi", University of Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Conti Bellocchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina C Cangemi
- Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino R Corazza
- Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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Wu Y, Zhuang J, Zhao D, Zhang F, Ma J, Xu C. Cyclic stretch-induced the cytoskeleton rearrangement and gene expression of cytoskeletal regulators in human periodontal ligament cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:507-516. [PMID: 28681629 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1347823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the stretch-induced cell realignment and cytoskeletal rearrangement by identifying several mechanoresponsive genes related to cytoskeletal regulators in human PDL cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS After the cells were stretched by 1, 10 and 20% strains for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 or 24 h, the changes of the morphology and content of microfilaments were recorded and calculated. Meanwhile, the expression of 84 key genes encoding cytoskeletal regulators after 6 and 24 h stretches with 20% strain was detected by using real-time PCR array. Western blot was applied to identify the protein expression level of several cytoskeletal regulators encoded by these differentially expressed genes. RESULTS The confocal fluorescent staining results confirmed that stretch-induced realignment of cells and rearrangement of microfilaments. Among the 84 genes screened, one gene was up-regulated while two genes were down-regulated after 6 h stretch. Meanwhile, three genes were up-regulated while two genes were down-regulated after 24 h stretch. These genes displaying differential expression included genes regulating polymerization/depolymerization of microfilaments (CDC42EP2, FNBP1L, NCK2, PIKFYVE, WASL), polymerization/depolymerization of microtubules (STMN1), interacting between microfilaments and microtubules (MACF1), as well as a phosphatase (PPP1R12B). Among the proteins encoded by these genes, the protein expression level of Cdc42 effector protein-2 (encoded by CDC42EP2) and Stathmin-1 (encoded by STMN1) was down-regulated, while the protein expression level of N-WASP (encoded by WASL) was up-regulated. CONCLUSION The present study confirmed the cyclic stretch-induced cellular realignment and rearrangement of microfilaments in the human PDL cells and indicated several force-sensitive genes with regard to cytoskeletal regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Zhuang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Ma
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Montén C, Torinsson Naluai Å, Agardh D. Role of proneurotensin as marker of paediatric coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:387-392. [PMID: 27612962 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) is a gut hormone functioning proinflammatory through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-8 secretion or anti-inflammatory through epidermal growth factor receptors. NT mRNA is down-regulated in duodenal biopsies of children with untreated coeliac disease. The aim of this study was to investigate if plasma pro-NT levels correlated with the degree of intestinal mucosal damage and tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA) levels in children with coeliac disease. Fasting plasma samples from 96 children with coeliac disease and 89 non-coeliac disease controls were analysed for NT precursor fragment pro-NT 1-117 by a chemiluminometric immunoassay. Pro-NT levels were compared with NT mRNA from duodenal biopsies, assessed previously with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Illumina core exome arrays were used for human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing and the Marsh criteria applied to score mucosal damage. Tissue TGA was measured by radio binding assay. A general linear model compared pro-NT levels with diagnosis of coeliac disease, Marsh score and HLA DQ haplotype. Spearman's rank test was used to compare pro-NT levels with tTGA, age and duodenal NT mRNA levels, respectively. Plasma pro-NT levels were elevated in children with coeliac disease (median 23 pmol/l higher, P = 0·003) and in those with severe intestinal mucosal damage (median 24 pmol/l higher for ≥ Marsh 3b versus not, P = 0·0004). Pro-NT levels correlated further with tTGA (r2 = 0·22, P = 0·002), but not with duodenal NTS mRNA levels (r2 = -0·12, P = 0·14). Pro-NT was not associated with any of the HLA risk-haplotypes. Elevated peripheral pro-NT levels reflect more severe forms of active coeliac disease, indicating a potential role of NT in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Å Torinsson Naluai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Mostowy J, Montén C, Gudjonsdottir AH, Arnell H, Browaldh L, Nilsson S, Agardh D, Torinsson Naluai Å. Shared Genetic Factors Involved in Celiac Disease, Type 2 Diabetes and Anorexia Nervosa Suggest Common Molecular Pathways for Chronic Diseases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159593. [PMID: 27483138 PMCID: PMC4970800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genetic regions involved in immune-regulatory mechanisms to be associated with celiac disease. Previous GWAS also revealed an over-representation of genes involved in type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa associated with celiac disease, suggesting involvement of common metabolic pathways for development of these chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to extend these previous analyses to study the gene expression in the gut from children with active celiac disease. Material and Methods Thirty six target genes involved in type 2 diabetes and four genes associated with anorexia nervosa were investigated for gene expression in small intestinal biopsies from 144 children with celiac disease at median (range) age of 7.4 years (1.6–17.8) and from 154 disease controls at a median (range) age 11.4.years (1.4–18.3). Results A total of eleven of genes were differently expressed in celiac patients compared with disease controls of which CD36, CD38, FOXP1, SELL, PPARA, PPARG, AGT previously associated with type 2 diabetes and AKAP6, NTNG1 with anorexia nervosa remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusion Shared genetic factors involved in celiac disease, type 2 diabetes and anorexia nervosa suggest common underlying molecular pathways for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mostowy
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Montén
- Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Audur H. Gudjonsdottir
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Arnell
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Browaldh
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Sodersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Diabetes and Celiac Disease Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åsa Torinsson Naluai
- Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Agarwal S, Kovilam O, Zach TL, Agrawal DK. Immunopathogenesis and therapeutic approaches in pediatric celiac disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:857-69. [PMID: 26999328 PMCID: PMC4975578 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1168294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease is an autoimmune enteropathy with increasing incidence worldwide in both adults and children. It occurs as an inflammatory condition with destruction of the normal architecture of villi on consumption of gluten and related protein products found in wheat, barley and rye. However, the exact pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. A gluten-free diet remains the main modality of therapy to date. While some patients continue to have symptoms even on a gluten-free diet, adherence to this diet is also difficult, especially for the children. Hence, there is continued interest in novel methods of therapy and the current research focus is on the promising novel non-dietary modalities of treatment. Here, we critically reviewed the existing literature regarding the pathogenesis of celiac disease in children including the role of in-utero exposure leading to neonatal and infant sensitization and its application for the development of new therapeutic approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Agarwal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Oormila Kovilam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Terence L. Zach
- Department of Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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