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Armentano M, Alisi L, Giovannetti F, Iannucci V, Lucchino L, Bruscolini A, Lambiase A. The Co-Occurrence of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1006. [PMID: 39202748 PMCID: PMC11355887 DOI: 10.3390/life14081006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the deletion of the q11.2 band of chromosome 22. It may affect various systems, including the cardiovascular, immunological, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurocognitive systems. Additionally, several ocular manifestations have been described. RESULTS We report a case of a 34-year-old female diagnosed with 22q11.2DS who presented with visual discomfort and foreign body sensation in both eyes. She had no history of recurrent ocular pain. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination was performed, including anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy. Overall, the exams revealed bilateral corneal map-like lines, dots, and fingerprint patterns, consistent with a diagnosis of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). In addition to presenting with this novel corneal manifestation for 22q11.2 DS, we review the ocular clinical features of 22q11.2DS in the context of our case. CONCLUSIONS The EBMD may represent a new corneal manifestation associated with 22q11.2 syndrome, although the link between these conditions is unknown. Further research is warranted to investigate potentially shared genetic or molecular pathways to the understanding of the phenotypic variety observed among this rare syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice Bruscolini
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (L.A.); (F.G.); (V.I.); (L.L.); (A.L.)
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Patel R, Nair S, Choudhry H, Jaffry M, Dastjerdi M. Ocular manifestations of liver disease: an important diagnostic aid. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:177. [PMID: 38622271 PMCID: PMC11018673 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review examined existing literature to determine various ocular manifestations of liver pathologies, with a focus on metabolic deficiencies as well as viral and immune liver conditions. METHODS Recent data were compiled from PubMed from 2000 to 2020 using keywords that were relevant to the assessed pathologies. Ocular presentations of several liver pathologies were researched and then summarized in a comprehensive form. RESULTS Several ocular manifestations of liver disease were related to vitamin A deficiency, as liver disease is associated with impaired vitamin A homeostasis. Alcoholic liver cirrhosis can result in vitamin A deficiency, presenting with Bitot spots, xerosis, and corneal necrosis. Congenital liver diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses and peroxisomal disorders are also linked with ocular signs. Viral causes of liver disease have associations with conditions like retinal vasculitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, retinopathies, Mooren's ulcer, and Sjogren's syndrome. Autoimmune hepatitis has been linked to peripheral ulcerative keratitis and uveitis. CONCLUSIONS Building strong associations between ocular and liver pathology will allow for early detection of such conditions, leading to the early implementation of management strategies. While this review outlines several of the existing connections between hepatic and ophthalmic disease, further research is needed in the area in order to strengthen these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Smriti Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Hassaam Choudhry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA.
| | - Mustafa Jaffry
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
| | - Mohammad Dastjerdi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
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Martin JB, Herman K, Houssin NS, Rich W, Reilly MA, Plageman TF. Arvcf Dependent Adherens Junction Stability is Required to Prevent Age-Related Cortical Cataracts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:840129. [PMID: 35874813 PMCID: PMC9297370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.840129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of age-related cortical cataracts is not well understood but is speculated to be related to alterations in cell adhesion and/or the changing mechanical stresses occurring in the lens with time. The role of cell adhesion in maintaining lens transparency with age is difficult to assess because of the developmental and physiological roles that well-characterized adhesion proteins have in the lens. This report demonstrates that Arvcf, a member of the p120-catenin subfamily of catenins that bind to the juxtamembrane domain of cadherins, is an essential fiber cell protein that preserves lens transparency with age in mice. No major developmental defects are observed in the absence of Arvcf, however, cortical cataracts emerge in all animals examined older than 6-months of age. While opacities are not obvious in young animals, histological anomalies are observed in lenses at 4-weeks that include fiber cell separations, regions of hexagonal lattice disorganization, and absence of immunolabeled membranes. Compression analysis of whole lenses also revealed that Arvcf is required for their normal biomechanical properties. Immunofluorescent labeling of control and Arvcf-deficient lens fiber cells revealed a reduction in membrane localization of N-cadherin, β-catenin, and αN-catenin. Furthermore, super-resolution imaging demonstrated that the reduction in protein membrane localization is correlated with smaller cadherin nanoclusters. Additional characterization of lens fiber cell morphology with electron microscopy and high resolution fluorescent imaging also showed that the cellular protrusions of fiber cells are abnormally elongated with a reduction and disorganization of cadherin complex protein localization. Together, these data demonstrate that Arvcf is required to maintain transparency with age by mediating the stability of the N-cadherin protein complex in adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B. Martin
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Herman
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nathalie S. Houssin
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wade Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew A. Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Timothy F. Plageman
- College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Timothy F. Plageman Jr.,
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Allegrini D, Pagano L, Ferrara M, Borgia A, Sorrentino T, Montesano G, Angi M, Romano MR. Optic disc drusen: a systematic review : Up-to-date and future perspective. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:2119-2127. [PMID: 32383130 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optic disc drusen (ODD) are acellular deposits in the prelaminar optic nerve head. The most accredited theory is that they are secondary to abnormalities in axonal metabolism and degeneration, but the pathogenesis is not clear to date. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION Although ODD are often considered a benign condition, the great majority of patients with ODD show visual field defects and are at higher risk for developing anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. ODD are classified as superficial or buried, with the latter being often misdiagnosed as papilledema with optic nerve head swelling, leading to an unnecessary investigation for causes of increased intracranial pressure. AIM The recent technological improvements in OCT imaging which allowed an earlier and more certain diagnosis even of the smallest ODD, renovated the interest around this pathology. However, an updated systematic review is still missing. Therefore, the aim of this work is to provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the current state of art, focusing on pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities and potential future perspectives of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Allegrini
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.,Eye Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Pagano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy. .,Eye Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128, Bergamo, Italy. .,Department of Bioscience, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Mariantonia Ferrara
- Eye Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Borgia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.,Eye Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tania Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.,Eye Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montesano
- Eye Clinic, Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Angi
- National Cancer Institute IRCCS Foundation, Via Venezian, 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario R Romano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy.,Eye Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, 24128, Bergamo, Italy
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