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Li N, Wang YZ, Zhang Y, Zhang WL, Huang DS. Characteristics of patients with recurrent retinoblastoma: a survival analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:287. [PMID: 38438837 PMCID: PMC10910724 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management guidelines and corresponding survival data for patients with recurrent retinoblastoma (RB) are lacking. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent RB and analyze their survival outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 68 patients with recurrent RB who underwent treatment in our institution from January 2016 to December 2020. Patients were grouped according to location of recurrence: intraocular, orbital, and distant metastasis. RESULTS The male:female ratio was 1.3:1 and the median age at recurrence was 37.5 months (range, 30.3-62.8). The number of patients in the intraocular recurrence, orbital recurrence, and metastasis groups was 13 (19.1%), 23 (33.8%), and 32 (47.1%), respectively. Thirty patients died, 36 were alive at last follow-up, and two were lost to follow-up. Eye enucleation was performed in 94.1% of patients. Five-year overall survival in patients with intraocular recurrence, orbital recurrence, and metastasis was 84.6%, 69.6%, and 31.3%, respectively (P = 0.001). Most deaths occurred within 2 years of recurrence. Presence of high-risk pathological factors, central nervous system invasion, and absence of combination therapy were independent predictors of worse 5-year overall survival. CONCLUSION The rate of eye preservation in survivors of recurrent RB was very low. Although 5-year overall survival in patients who underwent treatment for intraocular and orbital recurrence was high, it was low in those with metastasis. RB patients may need lifelong follow-up for recurrence and secondary malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 2, Xihuan South Road, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 2, Xihuan South Road, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 2, Xihuan South Road, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Wei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 2, Xihuan South Road, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 2, Xihuan South Road, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Kakarala CL, Raval VR, Mallu A, Rao R, Gavara S, Reddy VAP, Mishra DK, Jakati S, Kaliki S. Metastatic retinoblastoma at presentation: Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes. Oman J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:524-528. [PMID: 38059077 PMCID: PMC10697251 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_176_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine clinical features, treatment outcomes, and overall survival in four patients with metastatic retinoblastoma at presentation. The mean age at diagnosis was 63 months (range: 24-108 months). Three patients had overt orbital disease of at least one eye and one patient had microscopic orbital disease with scleral infiltration on histopathology. Metastatic sites included regional lymph nodes (RLN) (n = 4), bone marrow (BM) (n = 2), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n = 1). The most common sites of RLN were ipsilateral preauricular nodes (two patients) and contralateral parotid gland involvement (one patient). The treatment administered included primary enucleation (n = 1), high-dose intravenous chemotherapy (n = 4), secondary enucleation (n = 2), orbital external beam radiotherapy (n = 3), and intrathecal chemotherapy (n = 1). High-risk features included massive choroidal and microscopic scleral infiltration in the eye that underwent primary enucleation. At a mean follow-up of 33 months (range, 4-68 months), one patient with CSF involvement deceased in 4 months. The remaining three patients were alive and disease-free at the last mean follow-up period of 43 months (range, 18-68 months). The results of our study showed that RLN and BM metastasis respond well to treatment while CSF metastasis is associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra L. Kakarala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Vishal Rameshkumar Raval
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Akhila Mallu
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Suneetha Gavara
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vijay Anand P. Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip K. Mishra
- Department of Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saumya Jakati
- Department of Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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3
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Dhandapani K, Nagarjun BR, Shah R, Mehta S, Trivedi P, Rathod P. Retinoblastoma with Isolated Parotid Gland Metastasis: A Report of 2 Cases with Review of Literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1315-1320. [PMID: 37275011 PMCID: PMC10235327 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the most common primary intraocular malignant neoplasm in young children, show frequent metastasis to lymph nodes, central nervous system and bones. However, retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid gland is very rare. We here present 2 cases of isolated parotid gland metastasis in two children with unilateral retinoblastoma. Case 1 was a one-year-old child presenting with left globe lesion which was diagnosed as Retinoblastoma. Post chemotherapy, enucleation was done which on histopathology examination showed retinoblastoma with scleral invasion and anterior chamber seeding. On 3 month follow up, patient presented with left parotid swelling. He underwent Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Core needle biopsy which confirmed retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid following which superficial parotidectomy was done as it was a solitary hotspot on PET-CT followed by localized radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While case 2, a 6-year-old child presented with left parotid swelling with a history of undergoing enucleation 3 months earlier in an outside hospital; Enucleation slides were reviewed in addition to patient undergoing FNAC and Biopsy from parotid swelling, all of which were consistent with Retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid; This patient was lost to follow up; Although rare with only a few case reports in literature, both the pathologist and the clinician should be aware of retinoblastoma metastasizing to parotid, which when diagnosed and treated promptly has overall better prognosis in the cases reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Dhandapani
- Department of Onco-pathology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - B R Nagarjun
- Department of Onco-pathology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Rujuta Shah
- Department of Onco-pathology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Shailee Mehta
- Department of Onco-pathology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Priti Trivedi
- Department of Onco-pathology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
| | - Priyank Rathod
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute (GCRI), Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Sarangi J, Kakkar A, Roy D, Mishra D, Thakar A, Deo SVS, Sharma A, Bhasker S. Metastases to the Parotid Gland: Study from a Tertiary Care Centre. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:1034-1042. [PMID: 35576094 PMCID: PMC9729487 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastases account for 6-25% of parotid tumors, often presenting dilemmas in their diagnosis. METHODS Parotid metastases diagnosed on histology/cytology were retrieved. MUC2, MUC5AC, androgen receptor immunohistochemistry was performed in select cases. RESULTS Fifty-one samples were identified from 42 patients, including 14 aspirates, 7 biopsies and 30 parotidectomies. Previous history was available in 17 cases, 13 parotidectomies accompanied excision of the primary, and relevant clinical data was unavailable for 12 patients. Majority (81%) had head and neck primaries; eye and ocular adnexa were the commonest subsite (52.4%), and sebaceous carcinoma the commonest histology (33%). When history was unavailable, most metastases were initially diagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinoma/malignant tumor, or mucoepidermoid carcinoma on cytology. CONCLUSIONS Intraparotid metastases encompass a wide spectrum, often mimicking primary salivary gland neoplasms, particularly on limited samples. Metastases should be considered when histological/cytological features are unusual; detailed clinical information and ancillary techniques aid in arriving at an accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Sarangi
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Aanchal Kakkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Diya Roy
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Division of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre of Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suryanarayan V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BRA Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital and National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRA Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital and National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Suman Bhasker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BRA Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital and National Cancer Institute, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Li N, Wang YZ, Huang DS, Zhang Y, Zhang WL, Ma JM, Zhou Y, Liu TT. Clinical Analysis of 16 Distant Metastatic Retinoblastoma Cases with Event-Free Survival. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:367-375. [PMID: 35115833 PMCID: PMC8805837 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s349035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of distant metastatic retinoblastoma with event-free survival. Design Retrospective interventional case series. Methods We screened patients with retinoblastoma who survived without events after the comprehensive treatment of distant metastases from June 2015 to February 2021 and collected information regarding their basic characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment. All patients received systemic intravenous chemotherapy. Other treatments included surgical treatment, radiotherapy, intrathecal chemotherapy, and autologous stem cell transplantation. Results Among 780 hospitalized patients with retinoblastoma in the pediatric ward, a total of 94 patients with retinoblastoma were diagnosed with distant metastases, and 16 patients with distant metastatic retinoblastoma who survived more than 6 months without events were screened, including eight male and eight female patients. The median age of onset was 29 (range, 11–120) months. Among the 16 patients, central nervous system metastasis (8/16), bone metastasis (8/16), bone marrow infiltration (4/16), lymph node metastasis (4/16), and parotid gland metastasis (3/16) were presented. All patients received treatment for more than 6 months, completed their regimen by February 2021, and survived without events. The median survival time after the onset of retinoblastoma was 50.5 (range, 23–102) months, the median survival time after metastasis was 43.5 (range, 16–71) months, and the median event-free survival was 29.0 (range, 6–59) months. Conclusion Metastatic retinoblastoma may benefit from comprehensive treatments including systemic intravenous chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, recurrence after treatment still needs attention, and patients in complete remission still need long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dong-Sheng Huang, Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 2, Xihuan South Road, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Ma
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China
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Liu H, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu H. Detection of parotid metastasis from retinoblastoma by [ 18F]FDG PET/CT scan. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2021; 41:S2253-654X(21)00028-7. [PMID: 34344630 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, China
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Li A, Yang J, Zhang T, Li L, Li M. Long Noncoding RNA TRPM2-AS Promotes the Growth, Migration, and Invasion of Retinoblastoma via miR-497/WEE1 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:592822. [PMID: 33986660 PMCID: PMC8112210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.592822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit vital roles in many types of cancer, including retinoblastoma (RB), the most common primary intraocular malignancy tumor of infancy. A novel lncRNA TRPM2-AS has been demonstrated to be related to multiple cancers; however, its role in RB remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of TRPM2-AS in RB. In this study, TRPM2-AS expression in 35 human RB tissues and RB cell lines was detected by real-time PCR. And, the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological characteristics of RB patients was analyzed. RB cells’ proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle were explored after silencing TRPM2-AS. The mechanism of TRPM2-AS in RB was focused on miR-497/WEE1 axis. Additionally, the role and mechanism of TRPM2-AS were confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. We found TRPM2-AS expression was enhanced in RB tissues and cells. And, higher TRPM2-AS expression was related to advanced clinical stage and optic nerve invasion in patients. Downregulation of TRPM2-AS significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, elevated apoptosis, attenuated G2/M phase arrest in RB cells, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. TRPM2-AS acted as a ceRNA for miR-497 to positively regulate WEE1 expression. miR-497 inhibitor or WEE1 overexpression dramatically reversed the effects of TRPM2-AS downregulating on the malignant phenotypes of RB cells. Therefore, TRPM2-AS is an oncogenic lncRNA in RB, and it functions largely through the miR-497/WEE1 pathway. Despite the limited sample size, this study indicates that TRPM2-AS may be a candidate target in RB therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingpu Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Abdomen Ultrasound, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu H, Liu Y, Chen Y, Liu H. Detection of Parotid Metastasis from Retinoblastoma by 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2021; 41 Suppl 1:S8-S9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Padma M, Kumar N, Nesargi PS, Aruna Kumari BS, Appaji L, Viswanathan A. Epidemiology and clinical features of retinoblastoma: A tertiary care center's experience in India. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 9:56-58. [PMID: 31956625 PMCID: PMC6956589 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_89_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Retinoblastoma (RB) is a prototype of heritable cancers. It is more common in the lower socioeconomic strata. Delayed presentation significantly reduces the overall outcome. We have analyzed the epidemiological and clinical data of children who were diagnosed with RB between the years 2009 and 2014. Aim: RB being a disease of the poor, delayed presentation is common due to lack of awareness. We have analyzed the epidemiological profile of our patients and tried to establish the link between delayed presentation and the presence of high-risk features. High-risk features are associated with higher chance of metastasis and poor rates of vision salvage in RB. Methodology: Data were collected in a retrospective manner from the patient case files retrieved from the Medical Records Department, Kidwai cancer Institute. The data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software (IBM Corp. released 2016, IBM SPSS statistics software for Mac OS, version 24, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results: A total of 53 patients were diagnosed with RB in the years 2009–2014. There was a male predominance with 1.2:1 incidence. Bilateral RB was present in 21 cases. The mean age of children with bilateral RB was 2.1 years, against 1.5 years in unilateral cases. High-risk features such as optic nerve invasion, choroidal invasion, intracranial extension, and orbital involvement were found in 12, 6, 5, and 5 eyes, respectively. Bone marrow involvement was detected in 5% and lung metastasis in 2%. Intracranial involvement was found in 10.4% and cerebrospinal fluid positivity in 15%. Children with high-risk features had a significant delay in presentation in comparison to those without high-risk features (P = 0.035). Conclusion: Incidence of metastatic disease and delayed presentation is still high in developing countries. Routine eye examination during vaccination visits can ensure early diagnosis and appropriate referral in many of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneya Padma
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nuthan Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prerana S Nesargi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Aruna Kumari
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - L Appaji
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aarthi Viswanathan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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