1
|
He S, Bulloch G, Zhang L, Meng W, Shi D, He M. Comparing Common Retinal Vessel Caliber Measurement Software with an Automatic Deep Learning System. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:843-849. [PMID: 37246501 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2212881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System (RMHAS) with Integrative Vessel Analysis (IVAN) for retinal vessel caliber measurement. METHODS Eligible fundus photographs from the Lingtou Eye Cohort Study were obtained alongside their corresponding participant data. Vascular diameter was automatically measured using IVAN and RMHAS software, and intersoftware variations were assessed by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Scatterplots and Bland-Altman plots assessed the agreement between programs, and a Pearson's correlation test assessed the strength of associations between systemic variables and retinal calibers. An algorithm was proposed to convert measurements between software for interchangeability. RESULTS ICCs between IVAN and RMHAS were moderate for CRAE and AVR (ICC; 95%CI)(0.62; 0.60 to 0.63 and 0.42; 0.40 to 0.44 respectively) and excellent for CRVE (0.76; 0.75 to 0.77). When comparing retinal vascular calibre measurements between tools, mean differences (MD, 95% confidence intervals) in CRAE, CRVE, and AVR were 22.34 (-7.29 to 51.97 µm),-7.01 (-37.68 to 23.67 µm), and 0.12 (-0.02 to 0.26 µm), respectively. The correlation of systemic parameters with CRAE/CRVE was poor and the correlation of CRAE with age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and CRVE with age, sex, and serum glucose were significantly different between IVAN and RMHAS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CRAE and AVR correlated moderately between retinal measurement software systems while CRVE correlated well. Further studies confirming this agreeability and interchangeability in large-scale datasets are needed before softwares are deemed comparable in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liangxin Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Eyetelligence Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danli Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Eyetelligence Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Y, Xu L, He N, Ding Y, Zhao W, Meng T, Li M, Wu J, Haddad Y, Zhang X, Ji X. A narrative review of retinal vascular parameters and the applications (Part I): Measuring methods. Brain Circ 2023; 9:121-128. [PMID: 38020955 PMCID: PMC10679626 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is often used to evaluate the vascular health status of eyes and the whole body directly and noninvasively in vivo. Retinal vascular parameters included caliber, tortuosity and fractal dimension. These variables represent the density or geometric characteristics of the vascular network apart from reflecting structural changes in the retinal vessel system. Currently, these parameters are often used as indicators of retinal disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Advanced digital fundus photography apparatus and computer-assisted analysis techniques combined with artificial intelligence, make the quantitative calculation of these parameters easier, objective, and labor-saving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning He
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yazeed Haddad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xuxiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thuma TBT, Bogovic JA, Gunton KB, Jimenez H, Negreiros B, Pulido JS. The big warp: Registration of disparate retinal imaging modalities and an example overlay of ultrawide-field photos and en-face OCTA images. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284905. [PMID: 37098039 PMCID: PMC10129009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an algorithm and scripts to combine disparate multimodal imaging modalities and show its use by overlaying en-face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and Optos ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal images using the Fiji (ImageJ) plugin BigWarp. METHODS Optos UWF images and Heidelberg en-face OCTA images were collected from various patients as part of their routine care. En-face OCTA images were generated and ten (10) images at varying retinal depths were exported. The Fiji plugin BigWarp was used to transform the Optos UWF image onto the en-face OCTA image using matching reference points in the retinal vasculature surrounding the macula. The images were then overlayed and stacked to create a series of ten combined Optos UWF and en-face OCTA images of increasing retinal depths. The first algorithm was modified to include two scripts that automatically aligned all the en-face OCTA images. RESULTS The Optos UWF image could easily be transformed to the en-face OCTA images using BigWarp with common vessel branch point landmarks in the vasculature. The resulting warped Optos image was then successfully superimposed onto the ten Optos UWF images. The scripts more easily allowed for automatic overlay of the images. CONCLUSIONS Optos UWF images can be successfully superimposed onto en-face OCTA images using freely available software that has been applied to ocular use. This synthesis of multimodal imaging may increase their potential diagnostic value. Script A is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16879591.v1 and Script B is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17330048.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobin B T Thuma
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John A Bogovic
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kammi B Gunton
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiram Jimenez
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Jose S Pulido
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Díaz-Alemán VT, Fumero Batista FJ, Alayón Miranda S, Ángel-Pereira D, Arteaga-Hernández VJ, Sigut Saavedra JF. Ganglion cell layer analysis with deep learning in glaucoma diagnosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 96:181-188. [PMID: 33279356 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine and compare the diagnostic precision in glaucoma of two deep learning models using infrared images of the optic nerve, eye fundus, and the ganglion cell layer (GCL). METHODS We have selected a sample of normal and glaucoma patients. Three infrared images were registered with a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The first corresponds to the confocal scan image of the fundus, the second is a cut-out of the first centered on the optic nerve, and the third was the SD-OCT image of the GCL. Our deep learning models are developed on the MatLab platform with the ResNet50 and VGG19 pre-trained neural networks. RESULTS 498 eyes of 298 patients were collected. Of the 498 eyes, 312 are glaucoma and 186 are normal. In the test, the precision of the models was 96% (ResNet50) and 96% (VGG19) for the GCL images, 90% (ResNet50) and 90% (VGG19) for the optic nerve images and 82% (ResNet50) and 84% (VGG19) for the fundus images. The ROC area in the test was 0.96 (ResNet50) and 0.97 (VGG19) for the GCL images, 0.87 (ResNet50) and 0.88 (VGG19) for the optic nerve images, and 0.79 (ResNet50) and 0.81 (VGG19) for the fundus images. CONCLUSIONS Both deep learning models, applied to the GCL images, achieve high diagnostic precision, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco José Fumero Batista
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática y de Sistemas. Facultad de Física. Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Silvia Alayón Miranda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática y de Sistemas. Facultad de Física. Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Denisse Ángel-Pereira
- Unidad de Glaucoma. Servicio de Oftalmología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | | | - José Francisco Sigut Saavedra
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática y de Sistemas. Facultad de Física. Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng X, Wang H, Kong Y, Zhang J, He J, Zhang B, Zhang J, Qi H, Wang Y. Diagnosis of chronic stage of hypertensive retinopathy based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1247-1252. [PMID: 32618435 PMCID: PMC7496937 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive retinopathy refers to the retinal vascular changes associated with systemic arterial hypertension. Hypertensive retinopathy can be divided into chronic and acute phases. A cross-sectional study was performed to explore a method of measurement in the diameters of retinal vessels for diagnosis of chronic hypertensive retinopathy based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). The central retinal artery diameter (CRAD), the central retinal vein diameter (CRVD), and the artery-to-vein ratio (AVR) were measured. A total of 119 subjects with 119 eyes were included in this study, in which 56 subjects with 56 eyes were included in hypertensive group and 63 subjects with 63 eyes were included in normotensive group. There were significant differences between the two groups in the CRAD (t = -2.14, P = .04) and the AVR (t = -2.59, P = .01). The cutoff point of 0.75 was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (area under the curve, AUC 0.786; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.70-0.87). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the probability of AVR below to 0.75 was more in patients with high systolic blood pressure (odds ratio OR 4.39; P = .048), more in male (OR 4.15; P = .004) and more in smokers (OR 5.80; P = .01). Bland-Altman plots showed small mean bias between the measurements of the two technicians in the CRAD, the CRVD, and the AVR. In summary, application of SD-OCT is an accurate, reproducible, convenient method for measuring the diameters of retinal vessels. It is valuable for the diagnosis of chronic stage of hypertensive retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Moslem People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Clinical Epidemiology and EBM Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Bothwin Clinical Study Consultant, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfang He
- Bothwin Clinical Study Consultant, Shanghai, China
| | - Bozheng Zhang
- Bothwin Clinical Study Consultant, Bellevue, Washington, USA
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Moslem People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|