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Aboagye RG, Mohammed A, Duodu PA, Adnani QES, Seidu AA, Ahinkorah BO. Sex-related inequalities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 39237953 PMCID: PMC11375970 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-024-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risky behaviours, including tobacco use, are highly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Although these behaviours are largely influenced by various sociodemographic factors, including sex, there is a paucity of regionally representative literature on the sex-related inequalities in cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. This study examined the sex-based disparities in current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 years in Africa. METHODS The present study employed a secondary analysis of nationally representative data on 45 African countries obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, accessible through the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory. We used the online version of the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) to generate the results. RESULTS The prevalence of current cigarette smoking among the adolescents surveyed ranged from 1.6% in Eritrea to 10.4% in Mali among the low-income countries, from 1.3% in Tanzania to 13.1% in Mauritania among the lower-middle-income countries, from 5.2% in Gabon to 15.3% in Mauritius among the upper-middle-income countries, and 14.7% in Seychelles, the only high-income country in the study. The absolute summary measure (D) showed diverse sex-related disparities in the burden of current cigarette smoking among adolescents across the sub-regions. In all countries surveyed, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher among male adolescents compared to females, except in Liberia and Mozambique, where female adolescents bore a more significant burden than their male counterparts. Furthermore, male adolescents were more burdened with high cigarette smoking prevalence than females in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia, where such disparities were most pronounced. Meanwhile, we found less disparity in the burden of cigarette smoking between male and female adolescents in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the sex-based inequalities in the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adolescents in Africa. In contrast to female adolescents, male adolescents bear a greater burden of current cigarette smoking. The burden of cigarette smoking is most pronounced in low-income countries such as Mali, Madagascar, Guinea, Burkina Faso, and The Gambia. Conversely, in most of the lower and upper-middle-income countries surveyed, the burdens of current cigarette smoking among male and female adolescents were found to be less disparate. Consequently, cigarette smoking prevention programmes and strategies must be implemented in all African nations. There is also the need to intensify interventions aimed at altering the smoking behaviour of male adolescents. Policymakers can develop and implement evidence-based interventions to address the burden of cigarette smoking among the adolescents. Finally, existing policies and programmes addressing adolescents' cigarette smoking should be re-assessed and strengthened to achieve their objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | | | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- REMS Consultancy Services, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- REMS Consultancy Services, Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Londani M, Oladimeji O. Tobacco use and behaviour among South African adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e079657. [PMID: 38413155 PMCID: PMC10900320 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco use, particularly the initiation of smoking during adolescence and young adulthood, represents a significant public health concern in South Africa. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive review of published literature about tobacco use and behaviour among adolescents and young adults and to determine an aggregated prevalence estimate of tobacco use within this demographic. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2000 through 31 October 2023. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were cross-sectional studies conducted in South Africa and measured the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young adults aged 12-24 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two reviewers independently extracted information for each article and saved it into an Excel spreadsheet. Risk of bias analysis was conducted using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for non-randomised studies. The methodology quality of each selected study was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The heterogeneity of prevalence estimates was assessed using I2 statistic (random-effects DerSimonian-Laid approach). RESULTS Out of 73 articles identified, 12 articles were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of current tobacco use among South African adolescents and young adults was estimated to be 22%. The pooled prevalence of tobacco use among school dropouts, university students and secondary school learners was 51%, 20% and 16%, respectively. Stratifying using gender, boys (26%) were two times more likely to use tobacco than girls (13%). CONCLUSION The elevated occurrence of tobacco usage among South African adolescents and young adults is a relevant public health concern. There is a need for more population-based prevalence studies at a national level to estimate the burden of tobacco use in South Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023428369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhethwa Londani
- Directorate of Research and Innovation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Evans DS, O'Farrell A, Sheridan A, Kavanagh P. Social Connectedness and Smoking among Adolescents in Ireland: An Analysis of the Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095667. [PMID: 37174186 PMCID: PMC10178360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuing progress with preventing smoking initiation is a key to the tobacco endgame. Home- and school-based social networks shape the health behaviour of children and adolescents. This study described the relationship between social connectedness and smoking behaviour in school-aged children in Ireland. The 2014 Irish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveyed self-reported smoking status and measured perceptions of social connectedness and support with validated and reliable questions across a random stratified sample of 9623 schoolchildren (aged 10-19). Overall, 8% of school-aged children reported smoking, in the last 30 days 52% reported smoking daily, and prevalence increased with age (p < 0.001). Compared with schoolchildren who did not smoke, perceptions of social connectedness and perceptions of support at home, from peers, and at school were significantly poorer for schoolchildren who smoked across all measures examined (p < 0.001). The poorest rated measures were for school connectedness and teacher support for smokers. Policies and practices that build and support positive environments for schoolchildren must continue to be prioritised if progress on preventing smoking initiation is to be sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Evans
- National Social Inclusion Office, Health Service Executive, D20 KH63 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne O'Farrell
- Health Intelligence Unit, Health Service Executive, D20 DV79 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aishling Sheridan
- Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Health Service Executive, DO1 W596 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Kavanagh
- Tobacco Free Ireland Programme, Health Service Executive, DO1 W596 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Population Health, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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Zubair F, Husnain MIU, Zhao T, Ahmad H, Khanam R. A gender-specific assessment of tobacco use risk factors: evidence from the latest Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1133. [PMID: 35668426 PMCID: PMC9172179 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high prevalence of tobacco use in Pakistan poses a substantial health and economic burden to Pakistani individuals, families, and society. However, a comprehensive assessment of the key risk factors of tobacco use in Pakistan is very limited in the literature. A better understanding of the key risk factors of tobacco use is needed to identify and implement effective tobacco control measures. OBJECTIVES To investigate the key socioeconomic, demographic, and psychosocial determinants of tobacco smoking in a recent large nationally representative sample of Pakistani adults. METHODS N = 18,737 participants (15,057 females and 3680 males) from the 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic Health Survey, aged 15-49 years, with data on smoking use and related factors were included. Characteristics of male and female participants were compared using T-tests (for continuous variables) and χ2-tests (for categorical variables). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify gender-specific risk factors of tobacco use. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve test was used to evaluate the predictive power of models. RESULTS We found that the probability of smoking for both males and females is significantly associated with factors such as their age, province/region of usual residence, education level, wealth, and marital status. For instance, the odds of smoking increased with age (from 1.00 [for ages 15-19 years] to 3.01 and 5.78 respectively for females and males aged 45-49 years) and decreased with increasing education (from 1.00 [for no education] to 0.47 and 0.50 for females and males with higher education) and wealth (from 1.00 [poorest] to 0.43 and 0.47 for richest females and males). Whilst the odd ratio of smoking for rural males (0.67) was significantly lower than that of urban males (1.00), the odds did not differ significantly between rural and urban females. Finally, factors such as occupation type, media influence, and domestic violence were associated with the probability of smoking for Pakistani females only. CONCLUSIONS This study identified gender-specific factors contributing to the risk of tobacco usage in Pakistani adults, suggesting that policy interventions to curb tobacco consumption in Pakistan should be tailored to specific population sub-groups based on their sociodemographic and psychosocial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Zubair
- Department of Economics, COMSATS University, Islamabad, 45550 Pakistan
| | | | - Ting Zhao
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000 Australia
| | - Hasnat Ahmad
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000 Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
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Fagbule O, Kanmodi K, Samuel V, Isola T, Aliemeke E, Ogbeide M, Ogunniyi K, Nnyanzi L, Adewuyi H, Lawal F, Ibiyemi O. PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2021; 19:112-123. [PMID: 36159039 PMCID: PMC9484315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette and alcohol use are the most common causes of noncommunicable diseases. Studies related to cigarette and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents have shown increases in the habits and require urgent intervention. Nationally representative data is needed to develop effective national policies and interventions, but this is lacking. Hence, this study aimed to provide nationally representative empiric information about cigarette and alcohol use prevalence and predictors among Nigerian secondary school students. Methods This study included 2,530 Nigerian students in Nigeria from five of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information about the participants' sociodemographic and school-based characteristics, cigarette and alcohol use status, and harm perception of tobacco and alcohol use. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 at p<0.05. Results Participants' mean age (±SD) was 16.34 (±2.0) years. The prevalences (95%CI) for ever-cigarette and current-cigarette smoking were 11.1% (95%CI:9.9-12.4) and 8.4% (95%CI:7.3-9.5), respectively. While 21.0% (95%CI:19.4-22.7) and 15.6% (14.2-17.1) were the prevalences for lifetime and current alcohol use, respectively. The predictors of current cigarette smoking were studying in northern-Nigeria (aOR:1.94;95%CI:1.10-3.44), attending private-schools (aOR:1.56;95%CI:1.03-2.38), boarding-student (aOR:1.75;95% CI:1.15-2.69), male-gender (aOR:3.03; 95%CI:1.80-5.10), current alcohol use (aOR:12.50;95%CI:8.70-18.18), having no (aOR:2.59;95%CI:1.58-4.26) or low tobacco harm perception (aOR:2.04;95%CI:1.18-3.53). The predictors of current alcohol use were male (aOR:1.32; 95%CI:1.01-1.72) and current cigarette smoking (aOR:12.5;95%CI:8.77-17.86). Conclusion The prevalences of cigarette and alcohol use were high among Nigerian secondary school students, and both habits were strongly associated. Their predictors were school-related factors, sociocultural characteristics, and tobacco harm perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.F. Fagbule
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - K.K. Kanmodi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Medical Research Unit, Adonai Hospital, Karu, Nigeria,School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - V.O. Samuel
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - T.O. Isola
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - E.O. Aliemeke
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M.E. Ogbeide
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - K.E. Ogunniyi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - L.A. Nnyanzi
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - H.O. Adewuyi
- Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria,Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - F.B. Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O. Ibiyemi
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Itanyi IU, Onwasigwe CN, Ossip D, Uzochukwu BSC, McIntosh S, Aguwa EN, Wang S, Onoka CA, Ezeanolue EE. Predictors of current tobacco smoking by adolescents in Nigeria: Interaction between school location and socioeconomic status. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:13. [PMID: 32180690 PMCID: PMC7067232 DOI: 10.18332/tid/117959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is the largest preventable cause of global mortality, with its prevalence increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among adolescents. We sought to determine the factors associated with tobacco smoking among Nigerian school adolescents and investigate the interaction between school location and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Using a cross-sectional study design, 4332 eighth to tenth grade students in rural and urban secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria, were selected by stratified two-stage cluster sampling. We collected data using a modified Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Core Questionnaire. Outcome measures were current smoking of cigarettes and other smoked tobacco. Multilevel mixed effects logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with current tobacco smoking and were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. RESULTS Prevalences of current smoking of cigarettes and other smoked tobacco were 13.3% (95% CI: 11.3-15.7) and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.6-7.2), respectively. Possession of higher weekly allowance, exposure to secondhand smoke or tobacco advertisements, having smoking parents, friends or classmates who smoke, and sale of cigarettes near school, were positively associated with current smoking of tobacco. Female sex, having both parents employed and being exposed to tobacco teaching in school were negatively associated with current cigarette smoking while increasing age and high father's SES were negatively associated with current smoking of other tobacco products. There was an interaction between school location and father's SES in the association with cigarette smoking. The higher odds of smoking in rural versus urban schools were much higher for students with fathers of high SES compared to low SES. In rural schools, high SES was associated with higher odds of smoking, but in urban schools low SES was associated with higher odds of smoking. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors are associated with adolescent tobacco smoking. Tobacco control programs should use targeted strategies that vary depending on the local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma U. Itanyi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chika N. Onwasigwe
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Benjamin S. C. Uzochukwu
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Emmanuel N. Aguwa
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sijiu Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Chima A. Onoka
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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Shadmehr R, Moradinazar M, Rezaeian S, Najafi F. Smoking and its related factors among adolescents aged 13–17 years: Data from 13 countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1632947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Shadmehr
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Peterson E, Harrell M, Springer A, Medina J, Martinez L, Perry C, Estol D. Uruguayan secondary school students speak up about tobacco: results from focus group discussions in and around Montevideo. Glob Health Promot 2019; 26:15-24. [PMID: 28704137 PMCID: PMC5748367 DOI: 10.1177/1757975917703302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative research study investigated intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors that shape young adolescent tobacco use behaviors in Uruguay. Focus groups were conducted in the summer of 2012 and fall of 2013 in four secondary schools in Montevideo, Uruguay, including two private schools and two public schools. A total of four focus groups were led in each school, composed of 4-6 students each, 16 focus groups in total. Data analysis utilized NVivo software and included deductive and inductive content analysis. Overwhelmingly, students reported that the onset of smoking occurred in the second year of secondary school. The primary intrapersonal factors that were found to be universal among respondents identified that smoking was a performance in groups, to garner attention from their peers. Students interviewed most often stated that the greatest interpersonal factors for smoking were to look older, as a rite of passage, and for group membership. Environmental factors cited most often indicate that they smoked during unsupervised time, either at night or around the short Uruguayan school day. Focus group interviews revealed that adolescents had easy access to cigarettes for purchase through small family owned grocery stores, even though laws exist preventing the sale of cigarettes to minors. Few differences were cited between strata related to cigarette use in adolescents. The differences that do exist are most apparent across gender, though there were a few observed differences when stratified by public and private school. Findings from this study indicate that key factors across ecological levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental) should be taken into consideration when designing tobacco prevention programs for youth in Uruguay. A multiple-component approach which addresses risk factors at all of these levels, implemented in schools, may be particularly well-suited to this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Peterson
- University of Texas Health Science Center – School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Harrell
- University of Texas Health Science Center – School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Springer
- University of Texas Health Science Center – School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - José Medina
- University of Texas Health Science Center – School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lucía Martinez
- Centro de Investigación de la Epidemia de Tabaquismo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cheryl Perry
- University of Texas Health Science Center – School of Public Health, Austin Regional Campus, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Diego Estol
- Centro de Investigación de la Epidemia de Tabaquismo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ra JS, Jung MS. School-related factors affecting smoking intention among Korean middle school students. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 39:34-40. [PMID: 29422173 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined school-related factors affecting smoking intention among Korean middle school students who were current non-smokers. METHODS We used a descriptive, cross-sectional design based on the model explaining smoking initiation among Asian adolescents, to analyze data from 561 adolescents aged 14-16years in middle school. RESULTS School-related cognitive and psychological engagement and close friends' smoking were significantly associated with smoking intention after controlling for covariates, such as personal and familial factors. Of the familial factors, mothers' previous or current smoking status were significantly associated with smoking intention. In addition, for personal factors, smoking experience was associated with smoking intention. The explanatory power of these variables in the predictive model was 36.0%. CONCLUSION Health care providers in schools and communities should develop smoking prevention strategies reflecting school-related factors associated with smoking intention such as improving school engagement and providing healthy alternative methods for social interaction with peers rather than smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Ra
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, South Korea
| | - Mi Sook Jung
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-747, South Korea.
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Gaete J, Araya R. Individual and contextual factors associated with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among Chilean adolescents: A multilevel study. J Adolesc 2017; 56:166-178. [PMID: 28259098 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the association between individual and contextual variables and the use of tobacco, alcohol, or cannabis in the last 30 days preceding the study, considering the hierarchical nature of students nested in schools. We used the 7th Chilean National School Survey of Substance Use (2007) covering 45,273 students (aged 12-21 years old) along with information from 1465 schools provided by the Chilean Ministry of Education. Multilevel univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed. We found a significant intra-class correlation within schools for all substances in the study. Common (e.g., availability of pocket money, more time spent with friends, poor parental monitoring, poor school bonding, bullying others, and lower risk perception of substance use) and unique predictors (e.g., school achievement on national tests) were identified. These findings may help in planning and conducting preventive interventions to reduce substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gaete
- Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ricardo Araya
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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