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Verhoef E, Allegrini AG, Jansen PR, Lange K, Wang CA, Morgan AT, Ahluwalia TS, Symeonides C, Eising E, Franken MC, Hypponen E, Mansell T, Olislagers M, Omerovic E, Rimfeld K, Schlag F, Selzam S, Shapland CY, Tiemeier H, Whitehouse AJO, Saffery R, Bønnelykke K, Reilly S, Pennell CE, Wake M, Cecil CAM, Plomin R, Fisher SE, St Pourcain B. Genome-Wide Analyses of Vocabulary Size in Infancy and Toddlerhood: Associations With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Literacy, and Cognition-Related Traits. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:859-869. [PMID: 38070845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of words children produce (expressive vocabulary) and understand (receptive vocabulary) changes rapidly during early development, partially due to genetic factors. Here, we performed a meta-genome-wide association study of vocabulary acquisition and investigated polygenic overlap with literacy, cognition, developmental phenotypes, and neurodevelopmental conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS We studied 37,913 parent-reported vocabulary size measures (English, Dutch, Danish) for 17,298 children of European descent. Meta-analyses were performed for early-phase expressive (infancy, 15-18 months), late-phase expressive (toddlerhood, 24-38 months), and late-phase receptive (toddlerhood, 24-38 months) vocabulary. Subsequently, we estimated single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability (SNP-h2) and genetic correlations (rg) and modeled underlying factor structures with multivariate models. RESULTS Early-life vocabulary size was modestly heritable (SNP-h2 = 0.08-0.24). Genetic overlap between infant expressive and toddler receptive vocabulary was negligible (rg = 0.07), although each measure was moderately related to toddler expressive vocabulary (rg = 0.69 and rg = 0.67, respectively), suggesting a multifactorial genetic architecture. Both infant and toddler expressive vocabulary were genetically linked to literacy (e.g., spelling: rg = 0.58 and rg = 0.79, respectively), underlining genetic similarity. However, a genetic association of early-life vocabulary with educational attainment and intelligence emerged only during toddlerhood (e.g., receptive vocabulary and intelligence: rg = 0.36). Increased ADHD risk was genetically associated with larger infant expressive vocabulary (rg = 0.23). Multivariate genetic models in the ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) cohort confirmed this finding for ADHD symptoms (e.g., at age 13; rg = 0.54) but showed that the association effect reversed for toddler receptive vocabulary (rg = -0.74), highlighting developmental heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The genetic architecture of early-life vocabulary changes during development, shaping polygenic association patterns with later-life ADHD, literacy, and cognition-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Andrea G Allegrini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip R Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Clinical Genetics, Department Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angela T Morgan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Minderoo Foundation, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Christine Franken
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elina Hypponen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitchell Olislagers
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus University Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emina Omerovic
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
| | - Fenja Schlag
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Selzam
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chin Yang Shapland
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Harvard, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J O Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sheena Reilly
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Maternity and Gynaecology John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Ganelin-Cohen E, Pilowsky Peleg T, Leibovich N, Bachrachg E, Watemberg N. Word-Finding Difficulties as a Prominent Early Finding in a Later Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuropediatrics 2024; 55:49-56. [PMID: 38029778 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychological disorder primarily diagnosed in childhood. Early intervention was found to significantly improve developmental outcomes, implicating on the role of early identification of ADHD markers. In the current study, we explored the developmental history of children referred to neurological assessment to identify early ADHD predictors. METHODS A total of 92 children and adolescents (41 females) recruited at a pediatric neurology clinic, with suspected ADHD (n = 39) or other neurological difficulties (n = 53) such as headaches, seizures, tic disorders, orthostatic hypotension, postischemic stroke, intermittent pain, and vasovagal syncope. Developmental history information was obtained from caregivers, and evaluation for possible ADHD was performed. Developmental details were compared between children with and without current ADHD diagnosis. RESULTS Word-finding difficulties (WFDs) in preschool age was reported in 30.4% of the sample. Among children diagnosed with ADHD, 43% had WFDs history, compared with only 5% in children without ADHD. Among children with WFDs history, 93% were later diagnosed with ADHD compared with 42% in children without WFDs history. The relationship between WFDs and ADHD was significant (chi-square test [1, N = 92] = 20.478, p < 0.0001), and a logistic regression model demonstrated that asides from a family history of ADHD, the strongest predictor for ADHD in school age children was a history of WFDs. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence supports a predictive link between preschool WFDs and later ADHD diagnosis, highlighting the importance of early WFDs clinical attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ganelin-Cohen
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tammy Pilowsky Peleg
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Neuropsychological Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
| | - Noa Leibovich
- Institute of Pediatric Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Esther Bachrachg
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hoza B, Shoulberg EK, Dennis M, Waschbusch DA, Pelham WE. Do Language-Related Cognitive Capacities Help Predict Adjustment in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01560-7. [PMID: 37358801 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this paper was to examine the role that language-related cognitive capacities (LRCC) might play in explaining adjustment of 7 to 12 year-old children (Mage = 9.24; SDage = 0.91) with and without ADHD. The sample was comprised of 178 children with ADHD and 86 typically-developing children (77.3% male; 81.4% White; 9.5% Black; 1.9% Hispanic; 0.8% Asian; 5.7% multiracial; 0.8% did not report race/ethnicity). Using simultaneous regression, we examined whether LRCC accounted for unique variance in achievement, attention problems, oppositional problems, conduct problems, and internalizing, over and above what standard covariates and ADHD diagnostic status could explain. Finally, we examined LRCC as a mediator of the relation between ADHD diagnostic status and these adjustment measures. Results indicated that LRCC significantly predicted 6 of 7 and partially mediated 5 of 7 measures, suggesting that language-related constructs warrant greater attention in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Hoza
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
- Department of Psychological Science, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Erin K Shoulberg
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Marissa Dennis
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Daniel A Waschbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center and College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - William E Pelham
- Department of Psychology and Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Dennis M, Krasner A, Shoulberg EK, Hoza B, Scott H, Martin CP. Language Problems and ADHD Behaviors: Unique and Interactive Associations with School Readiness in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Preschool Sample. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:597-608. [PMID: 34694560 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the unique and interactive effects of receptive language ability and ADHD behaviors on six school readiness outcomes, over and above the effects of socioeconomic status, in 49 preschoolers (Mage = 3.98, SDage = .58; 53.06% female) recruited from Head Start-affiliated classrooms. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed unique positive associations between receptive language ability and cognitive and mathematics readiness, and unique negative associations between ADHD behaviors and social-emotional, physical, cognitive, and literacy readiness. Moderation analyses indicated that at higher, but not lower, levels of ADHD behaviors, lower receptive language ability was associated with lower social-emotional readiness. Results highlight that, when considered together, children's receptive language ability and ADHD behaviors vary in how they predict school readiness. Further, results provide preliminary evidence for ADHD behaviors as a risk factor in the association between receptive language deficits and social-emotional school readiness. Educational and clinical practice implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Dennis
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Allison Krasner
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Erin K Shoulberg
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Betsy Hoza
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hannah Scott
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Caroline P Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
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Scaff C, Fibla L, Cristia A. Factors structuring lexical development in toddlers: The effects of parental education, language exposure, and age. JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE 2022; 50:1-21. [PMID: 35508901 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000922000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that individual variation in young children's word comprehension (indexed by response times and accuracy) is structured and meaningful. In this paper, we assess how children's word comprehension correlates with three factors: socio-economic status (indexed by maternal education), lingual status (based on language exposure), and age. We present results from 91 2- to 3-year-old children using a paired forced-choice task built on a child-friendly touch screen. Effects associated with maternal education and exposure to the tested language (French) were small, and they were greater for accuracy than response times. This pattern of results is compatible with an interpretation whereby the greatest effects of these two variables are on cumulative knowledge (vocabulary size) rather than on processing. Effects for age were larger and affected both accuracy and response times. Finally, response time variation did not mediate the effects of socio-economic status on accuracy or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Scaff
- Human Ecology Group, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (IEM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et de Psycholinguistique, Departement d'Etudes Cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Laia Fibla
- School of Psychology, The University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Alejandrina Cristia
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et de Psycholinguistique, Departement d'Etudes Cognitives, ENS, EHESS, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France
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Shephard E, Zuccolo PF, Idrees I, Godoy PBG, Salomone E, Ferrante C, Sorgato P, Catão LFCC, Goodwin A, Bolton PF, Tye C, Groom MJ, Polanczyk GV. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Science of Early-Life Precursors and Interventions for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:187-226. [PMID: 33864938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate which early neurocognitive and behavioral precursors are associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and whether these are currently targeted in early interventions. METHOD We conducted 2 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of empirical studies to examine the following: (1) early-life (0-5 years) neurocognitive and behavioral precursors associated with familial likelihood for ADHD, an early ADHD diagnosis/elevated ADHD symptoms, and/or the presence of later-childhood ADHD; and (2) interventions delivered to children aged 0 to 5 years targeting the identified precursors or measuring these as outcomes. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) and pre-post-treatment change scores (SMD) were computed. RESULTS A total of 149 studies (165,095 participants) investigating 8 neurocognitive and behavioral domains met inclusion criteria for part 1. Multi-level random-effects meta-analyses on 136 studies revealed significant associations between ADHD and poorer cognitive (g = -0.46 [95% CIs: -0.59, -0.33]), motor (g = -0.35 [CIs: -0.48, -0.21]) and language (g = -0.43 [CIs: -0.66, -0.19]) development, social (g = 0.23 [CIs: 0.03, 0.43]) and emotional (g = 0.46 [CIs: 0.33, 0.58]) difficulties, early regulatory (g = 0.30 [CIs: 0.18, 0.43]) and sleep (g = 0.29 [CIs: 0.14, 0.44]) problems, sensory atypicalities (g = 0.52 [CIs: 0.16, 0.88]), elevated activity levels (g = 0.54 [CIs: 0.37, 0.72]), and executive function difficulties (g = 0.34 [CIs: 0.05, 0.64] to -0.87 [CIs: -1.35, -0.40]). A total of 32 trials (28 randomized, 4 nonrandomized, 3,848 participants) testing early interventions that targeted the identified precursors met inclusion criteria for part 2. Multi-level random-effects meta-analyses on 22 studies revealed significant intervention-related improvements in ADHD symptoms (SMD = 0.43 [CIs: 0.22, 0.64]) and working memory (SMD = 0.37 [CIs: 0.06, 0.69]). CONCLUSION Children aged 0 to 5 years with current or later-emerging ADHD are likely to experience difficulties in multiple neurocognitive/behavioral functions. Early interventions show some effectiveness in reducing ADHD symptoms, but their effects on neurocognitive/behavioral difficulties require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Pedro F Zuccolo
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iman Idrees
- Ms. Idrees and Dr. Groom are with Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Priscilla B G Godoy
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Salomone
- Dr. Salomone and Mss. Ferrante and Sorgato are with the University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrante
- Dr. Salomone and Mss. Ferrante and Sorgato are with the University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Paola Sorgato
- Dr. Salomone and Mss. Ferrante and Sorgato are with the University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Luís F C C Catão
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amy Goodwin
- Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick F Bolton
- Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom; Prof. Bolton is also with The Maudsley NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health, King's College London and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tye
- Drs. Shephard, Goodwin, Tye, and Prof. Bolton are with Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J Groom
- Ms. Idrees and Dr. Groom are with Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Drs. Shephard, Zuccolo, Prof. Polanczyk, Ms. Godoy, and Mr. Catão are with Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Scheiber FA, Ryckman KK, Demir-Lira ÖE. Maternal depressive symptoms and maternal child-directed speech: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:194-207. [PMID: 34656673 PMCID: PMC8827171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 1 in 5 children are exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. Children exposed to maternal depressive symptoms have poorer language skills than children not exposed to maternal depressive symptoms. Due to the crucial role of children's language skills in school readiness and academic achievement, it is imperative to understand the factors that underlie the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and children's language skills. Previous reviews have examined the mechanistic role of social-pragmatic features of mother-child interactions. However, the literature on the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and data-providing aspects of mother-child interactions, including child-directed speech, has yet to be consolidated. In this systematic review, we present maternal child-directed speech as a potential pathway through which maternal depressive symptoms influence children's language skills. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, three database searches produced 546 articles related to maternal depressive symptoms, child-directed speech, and children's language skills, ten of which examined the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child-directed speech. RESULTS Findings revealed that increases in maternal depressive symptoms may be associated with decreases in amount of child-directed speech but not necessarily with decreases in the complexity of child-directed speech. LIMITATIONS The studies in this review varied in sample size, the inclusion of important sociodemographic factors, and the operationalization of depression and child-directed speech, thereby limiting conclusions, especially about whether maternal depressive symptoms are associated with the complexity of child-directed speech. CONCLUSIONS This review has implications for prevention and intervention efforts aimed at optimizing children's language skills; child-directed speech is modifiable, and mothers experiencing depressive symptoms may benefit from resources encouraging rich child-directed speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Scheiber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, PBSB 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health,University of Iowa, 145N Riverside Dr., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ö Ece Demir-Lira
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, PBSB 340 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; DeLTA Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
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Guez A, Peyre H, Williams C, Labouret G, Ramus F. The epidemiology of cognitive development. Cognition 2021; 213:104690. [PMID: 33931198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiology of cognitive development is an approach essentially based on large observational studies, which examines individual differences in cognitive abilities throughout childhood and their determinants. Although different in terms of methodology and main interests from developmental psychology, cognitive epidemiology offers complementary viewpoints on cognitive development and addresses fundamental research questions of interest to developmental psychologists. The present paper depicts the contributions of the epidemiological approach to the field of cognitive development and highlights the methodological advances that have made such contributions possible. We discuss the stability and developmental trajectories of cognitive functions, their main predictors, the complex interplay between environmental and genetic predictors, and the relationships between the different domains of cognition from birth to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Guez
- Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France; Neurodiderot. INSERM UMR 1141, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, APHP, France
| | - Camille Williams
- Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Labouret
- Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France.
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Effects of depression and cognitive impairment on quality of life in older adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder: Results from a multicenter study. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:164-175. [PMID: 31176189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the respective effects of depression and cognitive impairment on quality of life among older adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. METHODS We used data from the Cohort of individuals with Schizophrenia Aged 55-years or more (CSA) study, a large multicenter sample of older adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N = 353). Quality of life (QoL), depression and cognitive impairment were assessed using the Quality of Life Scale (QLS), the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination, respectively. We used structural equation modeling to examine the shared and specific effects of depression and cognitive impairment on QoL, while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, general medical conditions, psychotropic medications and the duration of the disorder. RESULTS Depression and cognitive impairment were positively associated (r = 0.24, p < 0.01) and both independently and negatively impacted on QoL (standardized β = -0.41 and β = -0.32, both p < 0.01) and on each QLS quality-of-life domains, except for depression on instrumental role and cognitive impairment on interpersonal relations in the sensitivity analyses excluding respondents with any missing data. Effects of depression and cognitive impairment on QoL were not due to specific depressive symptoms or specific cognitive domains, but rather mediated through two broad dimensions representing the shared effects across all depressive symptoms and all cognitive deficits, respectively. LIMITATIONS Because of the cross-sectional design of this study, measures of association do not imply causal associations. CONCLUSIONS Mechanisms underlying these two broad dimensions should be considered as important potential targets to improve quality of life of this vulnerable population.
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10
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Havron N, Ramus F, Heude B, Forhan A, Cristia A, Peyre H, Annesi-Maesano I, Bernard JY, Botton J, Charles MA, Dargent-Molina P, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Ducimetière P, De Agostini M, Foliguet B, Forhan A, Fritel X, Germa A, Goua V, Hankard R, Heude B, Kaminski M, Larroque B, Lelong N, Lepeule J, Magnin G, Marchand L, Nabet C, Pierre F, Slama R, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Schweitzer M, Thiebaugeorges O. The Effect of Older Siblings on Language Development as a Function of Age Difference and Sex. Psychol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797619861436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of older siblings a child has is negatively correlated with the child’s verbal skills, perhaps because of competition for parents’ attention. In the current study, we examined the role of siblings’ sex and age gap as moderating factors, reasoning that they affect older siblings’ tendency to compensate for reduced parental attention. We hypothesized that children with an older sister have better language abilities than children with an older brother, especially when there is a large age gap between the two siblings. We reanalyzed data from the EDEN cohort ( N = 1,154) and found that children with an older sister had better language skills than those with an older brother. Contrary to predictions, results showed that the age gap between siblings was not associated with language skills and did not interact with sex. Results suggest that the negative effect of older siblings on language development may be entirely due to the role of older brothers. Our findings invite further research on the mechanisms involved in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Havron
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, PSL Université
| | - Franck Ramus
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, PSL Université
| | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, CRESS Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France
| | - Anne Forhan
- Université de Paris, CRESS Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France
| | - Alejandrina Cristia
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, PSL Université
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, PSL Université
- Université de Paris, CRESS Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
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11
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Vermeij BAM, Wiefferink CH, Knoors H, Scholte R. Association of language, behavior, and parental stress in young children with a language disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 85:143-153. [PMID: 30553175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies show that language problems, child behavior problems, and parental stress can co-occur in children. Still, little is known about how these domains are related in toddlers with a language disorder (LD). AIMS This study examined relations between language problems, child behaviour problems, and parental stress in toddlers with LD and if these relations differ for children with different types of LD. METHOD Data of 185 children with LD (mean age 38 months) were collected using Routine Outcome Monitoring. Children were divided into two groups: presence of receptive and expressive problems (REP) and expressive problems only (EP). Relations were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. RESULTS A better receptive language was associated with less teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. A better expressive vocabulary was associated with more parent-reported internalizing problems and more teacher-reported externalizing problems. No relation was found between language and parental stress. Associations between language, behavior, and parental stress did not differ for children with REP or children with EP. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that when specific language domains are examined, the pattern of associations between language and behavior becomes more complex, because relations exist between specific language domains and behavior, but not between all of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette A M Vermeij
- Dutch Foundation for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Child (NSDSK), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carin H Wiefferink
- Dutch Foundation for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Child (NSDSK), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harry Knoors
- Royal Dutch Kentalis, Sint-Michielsgestel, the Netherlands; Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ron Scholte
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Praktikon, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Demontis D, Walters RK, Martin J, Mattheisen M, Als TD, Agerbo E, Baldursson G, Belliveau R, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækvad-Hansen M, Cerrato F, Chambert K, Churchhouse C, Dumont A, Eriksson N, Gandal M, Goldstein JI, Grasby KL, Grove J, Gudmundsson OO, Hansen CS, Hauberg ME, Hollegaard MV, Howrigan DP, Huang H, Maller JB, Martin AR, Martin NG, Moran J, Pallesen J, Palmer DS, Pedersen CB, Pedersen MG, Poterba T, Poulsen JB, Ripke S, Robinson EB, Satterstrom FK, Stefansson H, Stevens C, Turley P, Walters GB, Won H, Wright MJ, Andreassen OA, Asherson P, Burton CL, Boomsma DI, Cormand B, Dalsgaard S, Franke B, Gelernter J, Geschwind D, Hakonarson H, Haavik J, Kranzler HR, Kuntsi J, Langley K, Lesch KP, Middeldorp C, Reif A, Rohde LA, Roussos P, Schachar R, Sklar P, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Sullivan PF, Thapar A, Tung JY, Waldman ID, Medland SE, Stefansson K, Nordentoft M, Hougaard DM, Werge T, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Daly MJ, Faraone SV, Børglum AD, Neale BM. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Genet 2019; 51:63-75. [PMID: 30478444 DOI: 10.1101/145581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood behavioral disorder affecting 5% of children and 2.5% of adults. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ADHD susceptibility, but no variants have been robustly associated with ADHD. We report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 20,183 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,191 controls that identifies variants surpassing genome-wide significance in 12 independent loci, finding important new information about the underlying biology of ADHD. Associations are enriched in evolutionarily constrained genomic regions and loss-of-function intolerant genes and around brain-expressed regulatory marks. Analyses of three replication studies: a cohort of individuals diagnosed with ADHD, a self-reported ADHD sample and a meta-analysis of quantitative measures of ADHD symptoms in the population, support these findings while highlighting study-specific differences on genetic overlap with educational attainment. Strong concordance with GWAS of quantitative population measures of ADHD symptoms supports that clinical diagnosis of ADHD is an extreme expression of continuous heritable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Martin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gísli Baldursson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rich Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felecia Cerrato
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claire Churchhouse
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Dumont
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Gandal
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olafur O Gudmundsson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Christine S Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mads Engel Hauberg
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads V Hollegaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julian B Maller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genomics plc, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Palmer
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timothy Poterba
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesper Buchhave Poulsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elise B Robinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Christine Stevens
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Turley
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hyejung Won
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christie L Burton
- Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics (855) and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children´s Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN4) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadephia, PA, USA
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Langley
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christel Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Russell Schachar
- Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Demontis D, Walters RK, Martin J, Mattheisen M, Als TD, Agerbo E, Baldursson G, Belliveau R, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækvad-Hansen M, Cerrato F, Chambert K, Churchhouse C, Dumont A, Eriksson N, Gandal M, Goldstein JI, Grasby KL, Grove J, Gudmundsson OO, Hansen CS, Hauberg ME, Hollegaard MV, Howrigan DP, Huang H, Maller JB, Martin AR, Martin NG, Moran J, Pallesen J, Palmer DS, Pedersen CB, Pedersen MG, Poterba T, Poulsen JB, Ripke S, Robinson EB, Satterstrom FK, Stefansson H, Stevens C, Turley P, Walters GB, Won H, Wright MJ, Andreassen OA, Asherson P, Burton CL, Boomsma DI, Cormand B, Dalsgaard S, Franke B, Gelernter J, Geschwind D, Hakonarson H, Haavik J, Kranzler HR, Kuntsi J, Langley K, Lesch KP, Middeldorp C, Reif A, Rohde LA, Roussos P, Schachar R, Sklar P, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Sullivan PF, Thapar A, Tung JY, Waldman ID, Medland SE, Stefansson K, Nordentoft M, Hougaard DM, Werge T, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Daly MJ, Faraone SV, Børglum AD, Neale BM. Discovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Genet 2019; 51:63-75. [PMID: 30478444 PMCID: PMC6481311 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1198] [Impact Index Per Article: 239.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable childhood behavioral disorder affecting 5% of children and 2.5% of adults. Common genetic variants contribute substantially to ADHD susceptibility, but no variants have been robustly associated with ADHD. We report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 20,183 individuals diagnosed with ADHD and 35,191 controls that identifies variants surpassing genome-wide significance in 12 independent loci, finding important new information about the underlying biology of ADHD. Associations are enriched in evolutionarily constrained genomic regions and loss-of-function intolerant genes and around brain-expressed regulatory marks. Analyses of three replication studies: a cohort of individuals diagnosed with ADHD, a self-reported ADHD sample and a meta-analysis of quantitative measures of ADHD symptoms in the population, support these findings while highlighting study-specific differences on genetic overlap with educational attainment. Strong concordance with GWAS of quantitative population measures of ADHD symptoms supports that clinical diagnosis of ADHD is an extreme expression of continuous heritable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Martin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gísli Baldursson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rich Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækvad-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Felecia Cerrato
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Claire Churchhouse
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashley Dumont
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Gandal
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline I Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olafur O Gudmundsson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Christine S Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mads Engel Hauberg
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads V Hollegaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julian B Maller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genomics plc, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonatan Pallesen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Palmer
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marianne Giørtz Pedersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Timothy Poterba
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesper Buchhave Poulsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elise B Robinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Christine Stevens
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Turley
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hyejung Won
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christie L Burton
- Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bru Cormand
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics (855) and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment and Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children´s Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN4) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadephia, PA, USA
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Langley
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHENS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christel Middeldorp
- Department of Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Russell Schachar
- Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Irwin D Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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