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Afulani PA, Getahun M, Ongeri L, Aborigo R, Kinyua J, Ogolla BA, Okiring J, Moro A, Oluoch I, Dalaba M, Odiase O, Nutor J, Mendes WB, Walker D, Neilands TB. A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of the 'Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience' intervention on person-centered maternity care in Kenya and Ghana: Study Protocol. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4344678. [PMID: 38766153 PMCID: PMC11100884 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4344678/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Poor person-centered maternal care (PCMC) contributes to high maternal mortality and morbidity, directly and indirectly, through lack of, delayed, inadequate, unnecessary, or harmful care. While evidence on poor PCMC prevalence, as well as inequities, expanded in the last decade, there is still a significant gap in evidence-based interventions to address PCMC. We describe the protocol for a trial to test the effectiveness of the "Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience" (CPIPE) intervention, which includes five strategies for provider behavior change, targeting provider stress and bias as intermediate factors to improve PCMC and to address inequities. Methods The trial will assess the effect of CPIPE on PCMC, as well as on intermediate and distal outcomes, using a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial in 40 health facilities in Migori and Homa Bay Counties in Kenya and Upper East and Northeast Regions in Ghana. Twenty facilities in each country will be randomized to 10 intervention and 10 control sites. The primary intervention targets are all healthcare workers who provide maternal health services. The intervention impact will also be assessed first among providers, and then among women who give birth in health facilities. The primary outcome is PCMC measured with the PCMC scale, via multiple cross-sectional surveys of mothers who gave birth in the preceding 12 weeks in study facilities at baseline (prior to the intervention), midline (6 months after intervention start), and endline (12 months post-baseline) (N = 2000 across both countries at each time point). Additionally, 400 providers in the study facilities across both countries will be followed longitudinally at baseline, midline, and endline, to assess intermediate outcomes. The trial incorporates a mixed-methods design; survey data alongside in-depth interviews (IDIs) with healthcare facility leaders, providers, and mothers to qualitatively explore factors influencing the outcomes. Finally, we will collect process and cost data to assess intervention fidelity and cost-effectiveness. Discussion This trial will be the first to rigorously assess an intervention to improve PCMC that addresses both provider stress and bias and will advance the evidence base for interventions to improve PCMC and contribute to equity in maternal and neonatal health.
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Spector PE, Pindek S, Hayman MR, Howard DJ, Arvan ML. Travel nurse work experiences: A comparison of staff and travel nurses' burnout and job attitudes. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2024; 55:12-20. [PMID: 38651752 PMCID: PMC11060056 DOI: 10.1097/nmg.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A survey of 330 hospital RNs assessed burnout, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and perceptions of work assignments. Understanding how travel nurses' work experiences differ from the experiences of staff nurses can help nurse leaders determine the best approaches to manage and support these nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Spector
- Paul E. Spector is an organizational behavior science contractor at the Florida Health Sciences Center-Tampa General Hospital and a part-time professor at the Muma College of Business, University of South Florida in Tampa, Fla. Shani Pindek is an assistant professor at the University of Haifa in Haifa, Israel. Melisa R. Hayman is the director of patient care services at the Muma Children's Hospital, Tampa General Hospital in Tampa, Fla. David J. Howard is the director of the People Development Institute at the Florida Health Sciences Center-Tampa General Hospital in Tampa, Fla. Maryana L. Arvan is a courtesy professor at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Fla
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Afulani PA, Getahun M, Okiring J, Ogolla BA, Oboke EN, Kinyua J, Oluoch I, Odiase O, Ochiel D, Mendes WB, Ongeri L. Mixed methods evaluation of the Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience intervention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:487-506. [PMID: 38146777 PMCID: PMC11021171 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the Caring for Providers to Improve Patient Experience (CPIPE) intervention, which sought to improve person-centered maternal care (PCMC) by addressing two key drivers: provider stress and bias. METHODS CPIPE was successfully piloted over 6 months in two health facilities in Migori County, Kenya, in 2022. The evaluation employed a mixed-methods pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. Data are from surveys with 80 providers (40 intervention, 40 control) at baseline and endline and in-depth interviews with 20 intervention providers. We conducted bivariate, multivariate, and difference-in-difference analysis of quantitative data and thematic analysis of qualitative data. RESULTS In the intervention group, average knowledge scores increased from 7.8 (SD = 2.4) at baseline to 9.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8) at endline for stress (P = 0.001) and from 8.9 (SD = 1.9) to 10.7 (SD = 1.7) for bias (P = 0.001). In addition, perceived stress scores decreased from 20.9 (SD = 3.9) to 18.6 (SD = 5.3) (P = 0.019) and burnout from 3.6 (SD = 1.0) to 3.0 (SD = 1.0) (P = 0.001), with no significant change in the control group. Qualitative data indicated that CPIPE had an impact at multiple levels. At the individual level, it improved provider knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, attitudes, behaviors, and experiences. At the interpersonal level, it improved provider-provider and patient-provider relationships, leading to a supportive work environment and improved PCMC. At the institutional level, it created a system of accountability for providing PCMC and nondiscriminatory care, and collective action and advocacy to address sources of stress. CONCLUSION CPIPE impacted multiple outcomes in the theory of change, leading to improvements in both provider and patient experience, including for the most vulnerable patients. These findings will contribute to global efforts to prevent burnout and promote PCMC and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience A. Afulani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jaffer Okiring
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | - Osamuedeme Odiase
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dan Ochiel
- County Health Directorate, Migori, Kenya
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Luehring MC, Romani PW, Ariefdjohan M. Preliminary evaluation of behavior technician burnout when working with boarded and traditional psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with developmental disabilities. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12461. [PMID: 38564318 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a youth mental health crisis, with research demonstrating an increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and disruptive behavior in youth compared to pre-pandemic years. Consequently, the insurgence of emergency psychiatric evaluations has increased the demands for extended inpatient stay (or patient boarding) at various licensed treatment facilities. Questions remain about the extent of burnout being experienced by behavior technicians who are caring for these patients. METHODS The Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure was used to evaluate symptoms of burnout of behavior technicians practicing at a specialized psychiatric inpatient unit. Comparisons were made for instances of caring for boarded (meeting criteria for discharge but unable to be discharged due to disposition) and traditional patients (short-term treatment). FINDINGS Behavior technicians caring for boarded patients reported significantly higher scores in overall stress, physical exhaustion, cognitive fatigue, and emotional exhaustion than those managing patients getting traditional care. CONCLUSIONS Extensive burnout can have adverse impacts at both the personal level (staff well-being, individual staff-patient interactions) and clinic level (daily operations and service, general quality of care). Efforts need to be made to address this issue to prevent staff turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew C Luehring
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Patrick W Romani
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Merlin Ariefdjohan
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Turjeman-Levi Y, Itzchakov G, Engel-Yeger B. Executive function deficits mediate the relationship between employees' ADHD and job burnout. AIMS Public Health 2024; 11:294-314. [PMID: 38617412 PMCID: PMC11007411 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often face significant deficits in executive function and adverse work-related outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD. We hypothesized that employees with ADHD, relative to employees without ADHD, will experience higher levels of job burnout and deficits in executive function. We also hypothesized that the ADHD-job burnout relationship would be mediated through executive function deficits, specifically by self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving. A field study with 171 employees provided support for the research hypotheses and mediation model in which the employees' ADHD-job burnout relationship was mediated through executive function deficits. Additional mediation analyses indicated that the specific executive function of self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving mediated the effect of ADHD on job burnout and its facets. Specifically, for physical fatigue, the mediation was realized through self-management to time, and for emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness, the mediation was significant through self-organization/problem-solving. The present findings shed light on the relevance of referring ADHD among employees, their vulnerability to job burnout, and the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Turjeman-Levi
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Guy Itzchakov
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Batya Engel-Yeger
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Hushi Ave. Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
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Bentulila Y, Lev Shalem L, Cohen B, Adler L. Physical work environment and burnout among primary care physicians in Israel: a cross-sectional study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38418978 PMCID: PMC10900697 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physician burnout remains a prevalent issue globally, negatively affecting work satisfaction and patient care. However, exploration of the physical work environments of physicians, a potential influencing factor for burnout, remains scarce. The physical work environment is everything that surrounds the physician, including the doctor's office, the clinic, the clinic's building, the waiting, and staff rooms. The aims of this study were to describe aspects of the physical work environment of primary care physicians (PCPs) and to explore the association between the physical work environment and burnout. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we emailed questionnaires to an online community of PCPs in Israel in October 2021. We asked physicians about their satisfaction with their physical work environment, evaluated elements of the work environment, and assessed burnout status (with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure, SMBM). We used the Chi-square and Mann-Witney tests to compare categorical and continuous variables and used logistic regression for the final model. RESULTS Two hundred twenty-one PCPs answered the questionnaire (27.6% response rate). Over a third (35.7%) of respondents reported high burnout. PCPs who were satisfied with their general physical environment had lower burnout rates than those who were unsatisfied (28.1% vs. 47.8%, p-value < 0.001). We found positive correlations between general satisfaction with the physical work environment and the scores achieved for the doctor's office, the clinic, the clinic's building, and the waiting room. In the multivariate analysis, high satisfaction with the general physical work environment was associated with decreased odds for burnout (OR-0.50, 95% CI 0.25-0.99, p-value-0.048). CONCLUSION The doctor's office, the clinic, the clinic's building, and the waiting room affected general satisfaction from the physical work environment. High satisfaction with the physical work environment reduced burnout rates. Future studies are needed to determine whether PCPs and managers should invest in the physical work environment to decrease burnout and increase satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaara Bentulila
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Liat Lev Shalem
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Bar Cohen
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Limor Adler
- Health Division, Maccabi HealthCare Services, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Shalaby M, ElSheikh AM, Hamed H. Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:48. [PMID: 38273390 PMCID: PMC10810224 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. RESULTS Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Shalaby
- Department of General Surgery, Mansoura University, 60 ElGomhouria Street, Mansoura, Dakahliya, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M ElSheikh
- Department of Quality and Patient Safety, Security Forces Program Hospital Makkah, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam Hamed
- Department of General Surgery, Mansoura University, 60 ElGomhouria Street, Mansoura, Dakahliya, 35516, Egypt
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Prendergast M, Cardoso Pinto AM, Harvey CJ, Muir E. Burnout in early year medical students: experiences, drivers and the perceived value of a reflection-based intervention. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:7. [PMID: 38172864 PMCID: PMC10765935 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases, burnout is defined as a syndrome resulting from chronic work-related stress that has not been successfully managed. Burnout is increasingly prevalent amongst medical students and has been shown to lead to worsened academic engagement, feelings of inadequacy, poor mental health and increased risk of withdrawal from the course. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of burnout amongst early year medical students and evaluate the perceived impact of a reflection-based intervention on their awareness and experience of burnout. METHODS The reflection-based intervention comprised two tutorials covering the presentation, drivers, impact and management strategies for burnout syndrome. These were introduced into the second-year medical curriculum at Imperial College London. As part of the reflection-based intervention, students were invited to complete an anonymous Qualtrics form three times during the academic year. This included the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) and a free-text question prompting the student to consider their stressors at the time of completing the intervention. The former is composed of 14-questions measuring the extent of feelings or behaviours suggestive of burnout, divided into three categories: physical fatigue, cognitive weariness and emotional exhaustion. At the end of the academic year, students were invited to participate in an online focus group to further explore their experience of burnout and their perceived value of the reflection-based intervention. Results of the SMBM were explored descriptively; free-text questions and the focus group transcript were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 59 submissions for the reflection-based intervention were analysed: 26 students participated and consented in the first round, 8 in the second and 25 in the third round. Overall median burnout scores were 4 (IQR 3-5), 2 (IQR 1-4) and 3 (IQR 2-5) in each round of the SMBM, respectively. A total of 8 (30.8%) met the threshold for severe burnout (≥ 4.4) in round 1 of the questionnaire, zero in the second round and 4 (16%) in the third round. Physical and cognitive fatigue showed higher median scores than emotional exhaustion in every round. Four students participated in the focus group, which had two sections. The first was reflecting on burnout in medical school and the intervention, which revealed four themes: (1) indicators of burnout (often insidious, but may involve lack of energy and motivation, or changes in perceived personality); (2) perceived drivers of burnout (perceived expectation that medical school is supposed to be challenging and consistent prioritisation of work over wellbeing); (3) working habits of medical students (unachievable self-expectations and feelings of guilt when not working); (4) value of the intervention (the teaching and reflection-based intervention prompted students to identify signs of burnout in themselves and consider management strategies). The second section included considerations for implementing burnout interventions into the medical school curriculum, which revealed three themes: (1) desire to learn about burnout (students hoped to gain insight into burnout and methods of prevention as part of their curriculum); (2) importance of community (group interventions and the involvement of Faculty helped students feel less isolated in their experiences); (3) feasibility of interventions (sustainable interventions are likely to be those that are efficient, such as using multiple-choice questions, and with allocated periods in their timetable). CONCLUSION Second-year medical students demonstrated symptoms and signs of burnout, including exhaustion, lack of motivation and changes in personality. They also expressed a desire to gain greater awareness of burnout and insight into preventative strategies within the medical curriculum. Whilst certain drivers of burnout can be prevented by students themselves through adequate prevention strategies, many remain systemic issues which require curriculum-level change to be effectively addressed. The students found that the reflection-based intervention was effective at improving their perception of burnout and a convenient tool to use, which could be implemented more widely and continued longer-term throughout medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Muir
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
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Ye S, Wang R, Pan H, Zhao F, Li W, Xing J, Wu J. Development and validation of a prediction nomogram for academic burnout among Chinese adolescents: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068370. [PMID: 37130664 PMCID: PMC10163519 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to screen the potential risk factors for academic burnout among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, develop and validate a predictive tool based on the risk factors for predicting academic burnout. DESIGN This article presents a cross-sectional study. SETTING This study surveyed two high schools in Anhui Province, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1472 adolescents were enrolled in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES The questionnaires included demographic characteristic variables, living and learning states and adolescents' academic burnout scale. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to screen the risk factors for academic burnout and develop a predictive model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the accuracy and discrimination of the nomogram. RESULTS In this study, 21.70% of adolescents reported academic burnout. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that single-child family (OR=1.742, 95% CI: 1.243 to 2.441, p=0.001), domestic violence (OR=1.694, 95% CI: 1.159 to 2.476, p=0.007), online entertainment (>8 hours/day, OR=3.058, 95% CI: 1.634 to 5.720, p<0.001), physical activity (<3 hours/week, OR=1.686, 95% CI: 1.032 to 2.754, p=0.037), sleep duration (<6 hours/night, OR=2.342, 95% CI: 1.315 to 4.170, p=0.004) and academic performance (<400 score, OR=2.180, 95% CI: 1.201 to 3.958, p=0.010) were independent significant risk factors associated with academic burnout. The area under the curve of ROC with the nomogram was 0.686 in the training set and 0.706 in the validation set. Furthermore, DCA demonstrated that the nomogram had good clinical utility for both sets. CONCLUSIONS The developed nomogram was a useful predictive model for academic burnout among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is essential to emphasise the importance of mental health and promote a healthy lifestyle among adolescents during the future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ye
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqing Pan
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Feiyang Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Weijia Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jinting Wu
- Department of Psychology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
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Lacombe N, Hey M, Hofmann V, Pagnotta C, Squillaci M. School Burnout after COVID-19, Prevalence and Role of Different Risk and Protective Factors in Preteen Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050823. [PMID: 37238371 DOI: 10.3390/children10050823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current data show an increase in stress among youth since the COVID-19 pandemic, raising the question of the measures to be put in place to limit it. AIM The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of burnout and the different risk and protective factors of burnout among students and to compare the mean scores obtained with those collected in a similar sample in 2014. METHOD Perceived health, school burnout, and the different risk and protective factors among students were measured by self-reported questionnaires among a sample of 184 students (11-13 years old). RESULTS The results indicate significantly higher burnout scores than in 2014. Different variables were predictive of school burnout: 1. At the individual level, a low academic achievement in mathematics, somatic symptoms, and the expressed stress; 2. At the interpersonal level, lack of support from peers, teachers, and parents and a negative classroom climate; 3. At the pandemic level, the increased workload related to the consequences of COVID-19. The factors with the greatest impact are confidence in the future, perceived stress, parental supports, and mathematics results. CONCLUSIONS An intervention program targeting these four factors among burned out students would be relevant to set up in order to reduce its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Lacombe
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Fribourg, St-Pierre Canisius 21, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Maryelle Hey
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Fribourg, St-Pierre Canisius 21, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Verena Hofmann
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Fribourg, St-Pierre Canisius 21, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Céline Pagnotta
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Fribourg, St-Pierre Canisius 21, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Squillaci
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Fribourg, St-Pierre Canisius 21, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Ferreira PDC, Barros A, Pereira N, Marques Pinto A, Veiga Simão AM. How Presenteeism Shaped Teacher Burnout in Cyberbullying Among Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:745252. [PMID: 34744919 PMCID: PMC8567169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 has had an impact on the education sector, and its stakeholders, such as teachers who had to do remote work from their home, despite many constraints. These professionals tried to perform their teaching functions, despite having to deal with adverse situations, such as cyberbullying among their students, as well as their difficulties related to presenteeism and burnout. In this context, this study aimed to understand whether observing cyberbullying among students can be associated with teachers’ productivity loss due to presenteeism and burnout. This study also proposed to examine the role of productivity loss due to presenteeism in the relationship between observing cyberbullying situations among students and teacher burnout. A random sample of 1,044 (Mage=51.05, SD=7.35; 76.6% female) middle school and high school teachers answered an inventory about their experience working at home during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically with regards to cyberbullying incidents they observed among their students, their productivity loss due to presenteeism, and their burnout levels. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that observing students engaging in cyberbullying situations was positively associated with productivity loss due to presenteeism and teacher burnout. Also, teacher’s productivity loss due to presenteeism mediated the relationship between observing cyberbullying incidents among their students and their burnout levels. Specifically, the effect of productivity loss due to presenteeism explained the effect of observing cyberbullying incidents on teachers’ burnout levels. These results are innovative and shed light on the importance of teacher wellbeing at their job in the midst of a pandemic, namely, when they observe their students engaging in hostile situations, which may lead them to greater levels of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula da Costa Ferreira
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Barros
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nádia Pereira
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Marques Pinto
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Veiga Simão
- Research Center for Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pakarinen S, Lohilahti J, Sokka L, Korpela J, Huotilainen M, Müller K. Auditory deviance detection and involuntary attention allocation in occupational burnout-A follow-up study. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2592-2611. [PMID: 34415092 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the central auditory processing and attentional control associated with both recovery and prolongation of occupational burnout. We recorded the event-related brain potentials N1, P2, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a to nine changes in speech sounds and to three rarely presented emotional (happy, angry and sad) utterances from individuals with burnout (N = 16) and their matched controls (N = 12). After the 5 years follow-up, one control had acquired burnout, half (N = 8) of the burnout group had recovered, and the other half (prolonged burnout) still had burnout. The processing of acoustical changes in speech sounds was mainly intact. Prolongation of the burnout was associated with a decrease in MMN amplitude and an increase in P3a amplitude for the happy stimulus. The results suggest that, in the absence of interventions, burnout is a persistent condition, associated with alterations of attentional control, that may be amplified with the prolongation of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Pakarinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura Sokka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Korpela
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- CICERO Learning, Faculty of Education, and Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kiti Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Jakovljevic B, Stojanovic K, Nikolic Turnic T, Jakovljevic VL. Burnout of Physicians, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serbian Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168728. [PMID: 34444476 PMCID: PMC8392171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 128 health workers in the central part of the Republic of Serbia. The study surveyed health workers (physicians, pharmacists and nurses) who worked during peaks of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Serbia in June and November 2020. The Maslach Burnout Survey for Medical Personnel addresses three scales: (a) emotional exhaustion (EE) measures feelings of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one’s work; (b) depersonalization (DP) measures an unfeeling and impersonal response toward recipients of one’s service, care treatment, or instruction; and (c) personal accomplishment (PA) measures feelings of competence and successful achievement in one’s work. Linear regression and the chi-square test were used to test a relationship between the input variables (x) and the single output variable (y). We can conclude that most health workers had a high degree of emotional exhaustion, but also a low degree of depersonalization and a high degree of sense of personal achievement. Nurses and physicians had similar answers on the pandemic during their work, but pharmacists had different answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Jakovljevic
- Academy for Applied Studies, The College of Health Studies, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Katarina Stojanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (K.S.); (T.N.T.)
| | - Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 8 Trubetskaya Street 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Flattening the Latent Growth Curve? Explaining Within-Person Changes in Employee Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5:247-275. [PMID: 34007876 PMCID: PMC8120500 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-021-00087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the greatest global crises in modern history. In addition to recession and high unemployment, agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warn that stressors associated with a pandemic can cause increased strains, including difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and decreased mental health (CDC, 2020). Two general frameworks that explain these stressor-strain relationships over time include stress-reaction and adaptation models. Stress-reaction models suggest that stressors, such as heightened job demands due to the pandemic, accumulate over time and thus prolonged exposure to these stressors results in both immediate and long-term strain; conversely, adaptation models suggest that people adapt to stressors over time, such that strains produced by ongoing stressors tend to dissipate. After controlling for county-level COVID-19 cases, we found that (a) workers in general exhibited decreasing cognitive weariness and psychological symptoms over time, providing support for the adaptation model; (b) on-site workers experienced increasing physical fatigue over time, supporting the stress-reaction model among those workers; and (c) engaging in recovery behaviors was associated with improvements in cognitive weariness and psychological symptoms for all workers. We also found that our Time 1 outcomes were significantly different than pre-pandemic norms, such that our participants displayed lower initial levels of job-related burnout and higher initial levels of psychological symptoms than pre-pandemic norms. Furthermore, supplemental qualitative data support our quantitative findings for recovery behaviors. These findings have important implications for understanding workers' responses to the pandemic and they can help inform organizational practice.
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15
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Student burnout and engagement: Relationship with adolescent use of alcohol and attitudes towards authority. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100225. [PMID: 33679999 PMCID: PMC7890408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The burnout syndrome has been related to development of transgressive attitudes toward norms that facilitate risk behaviors in youth, such as drinking alcohol. On the contrary, academic engagement is related to positive attitudes toward authority which can slow down its use. The objective was analyze the relationships between burnout and academic engagement, attitudes toward authority and use of alcohol. Method: The sample included a total of 1,287 high school students who anonymously filled out the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students and the Scale of Attitudes toward Institutional Authority in adolescents, along with questions on drinking alcohol. Results: It was observed that cynicism had a significant effect on positive attitude toward rule-breaking, and this in turn, on frequency of drinking. The engagement dedication factor was shown to have a significant direct effect on positive attitude toward institutional authority, and this on drinking frequency. Conclusions: Promoting measures for decreasing burnout in youth and stimulating academic engagement could have repercussions on attitudes toward rules and the presence of risk behavior.
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16
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Psychological and physiological stress and burnout among maternity providers in a rural county in Kenya: individual and situational predictors. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:453. [PMID: 33676479 PMCID: PMC7936594 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress and burnout among healthcare workers has been recognized as a global crisis needing urgent attention. Yet few studies have examined stress and burnout among healthcare providers in sub-Saharan Africa, and even fewer among maternity providers who work under very stressful conditions. To address these gaps, we examined self-reported stress and burnout levels as well as stress-related physiologic measures of these providers, along with their potential predictors. Methods Participants included 101 maternity providers (62 nurses/midwives, 16 clinical officers/doctors, and 23 support staff) in western Kenya. Respondents completed Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, the Shirom-Melamed Burnout scale, and other sociodemographic, health, and work-related items. We also collected data on heart rate variability (HRV) and hair cortisol levels to assess stress-related physiologic responses to acute and chronic stress respectively. Multilevel linear regression models were computed to examine individual and work-related factors associated with stress, burnout, HRV, and cortisol level. Results 85% of providers reported moderate stress and 11.5% high stress. 65% experienced low burnout and 19.6% high burnout. Average HRV (measured as the root mean square of differences in intervals between successive heart beats: RMSSD) was 60.5 (SD = 33.0) and mean cortisol was mean cortisol was 44.2 pg/mg (SD = 60.88). Greater satisfaction with life accomplishments was associated with reduced stress (β = − 2.83; CI = -5.47; − 0.18), while motivation to work excessively (over commitment) was associated with both increased stress (β = 0.61 CI: 0.19, 1.03) and burnout (β = 2.05, CI = 0.91, 3.19). Female providers had higher burnout scores compared to male providers. Support staff had higher HRV than other providers and providers under 30 years of age had higher HRV than those 30 and above. Although no association between cortisol and any predictor was statistically significant, the direction of associations was consistent with those found for stress and burnout. Conclusions Most providers experienced moderate to high levels of stress and burnout. Individuals who were more driven to work excessively were particularly at risk for higher stress and burnout. Higher HRV of support staff and providers under age 30 suggest their more adaptive autonomic nervous system response to stress. Given its impact on provider wellbeing and quality of care, interventions to help providers manage stress are critical. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10453-0.
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Chou DW, Staltari G, Mullen M, Chang J, Durr M. Otolaryngology Resident Wellness, Training, and Education in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2021; 130:904-914. [PMID: 33412923 DOI: 10.1177/0003489420987194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine changes in the residency experience early in the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate wellness measures among otolaryngology residents. METHODS A web-based survey was administered to U.S. otolaryngology residents. Responses to the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale were recorded along with data on burnout, demographics, wellness, sleep, training, and education. RESULTS 119 U.S. otolaryngology residents representing 27 of 42 states with otolaryngology residency programs responded to the survey. 24.4% (95% CI 17.0-31.8%) self-reported some level of burnout, while 10.9% met SMBM criteria for "clinically relevant" burnout. 51.3% experienced more stress, and 58.8% reported more anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Compared to males, females had a higher prevalence of burnout (38.9% vs 12.3%, P = .001) and anxiety (75.9% vs 43.8%, P < .001). PGY-2s had a greater mean SMBM index (3.64) and higher rates of self-reported burnout (54.2%) than their counterparts at other levels of training. Residents reported less time spent in the hospital, lower surgical volume, and less procedural independence. Educational didactics, primarily via videoconference, were more frequent for 63.9% of respondents. CONCLUSION While burnout among otolaryngology residents was low early in the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to separation from the workplace environment, trainees had higher levels of anxiety and stress. The surgical experience was negatively impacted by the pandemic, but remote didactics and educational opportunities increased. These findings may inform otolaryngology residency programs on the need to promote resident wellness and aid in devising strategies to improve the educational experience during this unique global health crisis as well as in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Chou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Staltari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Mullen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jolie Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan Durr
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA.,Department of Graduate Medical Education, Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, CA, USA
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18
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Stelnicki AM, Jamshidi L, Angehrn A, Hadjistavropoulos HD, Carleton RN. Associations Between Burnout and Mental Disorder Symptoms Among Nurses in Canada. Can J Nurs Res 2020; 53:254-263. [PMID: 33283544 DOI: 10.1177/0844562120974194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses appear to be at a greater risk of burnout compared to other medical professionals. Higher levels of burnout are significantly associated with higher levels of anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms. PURPOSE The current study was designed to estimate levels of burnout among Canadian nurses, examine the association between burnout and mental disorder symptoms, and identify characteristics that may increase the risk for reporting symptoms of burnout. METHOD Canadian nurses (n = 3257; 94.3% women) were surveyed online in both English and French. The survey assessed current symptoms of burnout and mental disorders (i.e., Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder). RESULTS Most nurses (63.2%) reported at least some symptoms of burnout and many (29.3%) reported clinically significant levels of burnout. Age and years of service were the only demographic variables that explained burnout rates. Participants reporting clinically significant levels of burnout were significantly more likely than participants with no burnout to screen positive for all mental disorders, but particularly for Major Depressive Disorder. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring burnout may be an effective way to identify nurses at risk of developing symptoms of mental disorders. Younger and early-career nurses are an important group to target for prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Stelnicki
- Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Laleh Jamshidi
- Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
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19
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Hod K, Melamed S, Dekel R, Maharshak N, Sperber AD. Burnout, but not job strain, is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in working adults. J Psychosom Res 2020; 134:110121. [PMID: 32371342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although stress is an important component of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology, the possibility that work-related stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of IBS has not been widely studied. This study aimed to examine whether job strain (a combination of high job demands and low control at work) and/or burnout, the outcome of a gradual depletion of energetic resources resulting from chronic exposure to work-related stress, are associated with IBS. METHODS Fifty-five patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for IBS and 214 matched healthy controls (HC) participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants completed a job strain measure, the Shirom - Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM), and dietary and health questionnaires. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of job strain between IBS patients and HC (25.5% vs. 23.0%, respectively). Job strain was not associated with increased IBS prevalence (adjusted OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 0.54-7.33). In contrast, the mean burnout score in the IBS group was significantly higher than in HC (2.9 ± 1.1 vs. 2.1 ± 0.8, p < .001). Burnout was associated with a 2.41-fold elevated prevalence of IBS (95% CI: 1.16-5.02), after adjusting for potential confounding variables including job strain. Moreover, the odds of having IBS increased in patients with a high burnout level (adjusted OR = 3.3, 95% CI:1.09-10.03). CONCLUSION Burnout, but not job strain, is associated with the prevalence of IBS in working adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Hod
- Department of Academy and Research, Assuta Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Samuel Melamed
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Dekel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Medical Centre, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitsan Maharshak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Medical Centre, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ami D Sperber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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20
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Frenetic, under-Challenged, and Worn-out Burnout Subtypes among Brazilian Primary Care Personnel: Validation of the Brazilian "Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire" (BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031081. [PMID: 32046282 PMCID: PMC7036968 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary healthcare personnel show high levels of burnout. A new model of burnout has been developed to distinguish three subtypes: frenetic, under-challenged, and worn-out, which are characterized as overwhelmed, under-stimulated, and disengaged at work, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the long/short Brazilian versions of the "Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire" (BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12) among Brazilian primary healthcare staff and its possible associations with other psychological health-related outcomes. An online cross-sectional study conducted among 407 Brazilian primary healthcare personnel was developed. Participants answered a Brazil-specific survey including the BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12, "Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey", "Utrecht Work Engagement Scale", "Hospital Anxiety/Depression Scale", "Positive-Negative Affect Schedule", and a Visual Analogue Scale of guilt at work. The bifactor was the model with the best fit to the data using the BCSQ-36, which allowed a general factor for each subtype. The three-correlated factors model fit better to the BCSQ-12. Internal consistence was appropriate, and the convergence between the long-short versions was high. The pattern of relationships between the burnout subtypes and the psychological outcomes suggested a progressive deterioration from the frenetic to the under-challenged and worn-out. In sum, the Brazilian BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12 showed appropriate psychometrics to be used in primary healthcare personnel.
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21
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Protano C, De Sio S, Cammalleri V, Pocino RN, Murano S, Perri R, Buomprisco G, De Giusti M, Vitali M. A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout among a Sample of Pharmacists Employed in Pharmacies in Central Italy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8590430. [PMID: 31950056 PMCID: PMC6944955 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8590430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is defined as an occupational phenomenon linked to chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed and included among the factors influencing health status or contact with health services. Although several studies were performed for assessing this phenomenon, there is a lack of data on the prevalence of burnout and associated predictors, due to different definitions of the syndrome and heterogeneity of assessment methods. One of the well-known evidences on burnout is related to the highest risk professions, which include policemen, firemen, teachers, psychologists, medical students, nurses, physicians, and other health professionals, such as pharmacists. Objective. The aims of the present study were to (1) assess the occurrence of burnout syndrome among a sample of pharmacists employed in public and private pharmacies located in Rome province (Latium Region; central Italy); (2) evaluate the role of some potential predictors for the development of the syndrome. Materials and Methods. A questionnaire elaborated ad hoc was administered online to 2,000 members of the Association of Professional Pharmacists of Rome and its province and employed in public or private pharmacies. The questionnaire included the 14-item Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) tool and questions on demographic characteristics and working conditions. Results. Physical exhaustion was the burnout dimension with the highest score; besides, approximately 11% of the studied pharmacists were categorized as having clinically relevant burnout levels (≥4.40). Several of the investigated variables significantly influenced the single burnout dimensions at the univariate analyses; multivariate analyses demonstrated that alcohol consumption and workplace location have a significant independent role on the overall SMBM index, while working time significantly influences clinically relevant burnout level. Conclusions. The results revealed that pharmacists are at risk of burnout, and thus, it is necessary to perform specific preventive intervention for managing this occupational threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Protano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Sio
- Specialty School of Occupational Medicine—Research Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammalleri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Noemi Pocino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Murano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Perri
- Specialty School of Occupational Medicine—Research Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buomprisco
- Specialty School of Occupational Medicine—Research Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Giusti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Vitali
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Gerber M, Isoard-Gautheur S, Schilling R, Ludyga S, Brand S, Colledge F. When Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity Meets Unsatisfied Psychological Needs: Insights From a Stress-Buffer Perspective. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2097. [PMID: 30450065 PMCID: PMC6224427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have tested whether the stress-buffering effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) depend on other resources, such as the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Therefore, the present study examines the interaction between perceived stress, LTPA and psychological need satisfaction (PNS) on occupational burnout symptoms in a sample of Swiss workers. Methods: The sample consisted of 306 employees (48% women; Mage = 42.9 years, SD = 14.1). Perceived stress was assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale, LTPA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, PNS (autonomy, relatedness, and competence) with the Need Satisfaction Scale, and occupational burnout symptoms with the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. A hierarchical regression analysis and single slopes tests were performed to examine two- and three-way interactions. Results: Stress was positively correlated with burnout, and negatively correlated with LTPA and PNS levels. LTPA was positively associated with PNS, and negatively correlated with burnout. A negative association existed between PNS and burnout. In the hierarchical regression analysis, all main effects, two- and three-way interactions were significant. People who engaged in more LTPA reported fewer burnout symptoms, if they reported high stress. However, the potential of LTPA to buffer stress was particularly evident in participants who reported low PNS. Conclusion: If adult workers are exposed to elevated stress, they are particularly likely to show increased burnout levels if they report low LTPA in combination with low PNS, specifically a lack of autonomy, competence and relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - René Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Substance Abuse Prevention and Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Science Section, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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