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Porter CD, Groves CI, Huong C, Brown DMY. Predicting physical activity behavior among university students using the multi-process action control framework. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 75:102716. [PMID: 39094851 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Most university students do not engage in enough physical activity (PA) despite the known physical and mental health benefits. Action control theories such as the Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) framework have been proposed to better understand the translation of intentions into action by incorporating post-intentional processes. However, the explanatory power of the M-PAC framework beyond traditional social cognitive constructs has received limited attention. This study examined the predictive utility of the M-PAC framework for explaining variance in self-reported and device-measured PA behavior among university students. A total of 2418 undergraduate students (Mean age = 19.1 ± 1.73 [SD] years) completed an online survey that included a self-reported measure of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) as well as constructs outlined in the M-PAC framework: instrumental and affective attitudes, perceived capability and opportunity, behavioral regulation, habit and identity. A subsample (n = 376) also wore an ActiGraph wGT3x-BT accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven full days to assess MVPA. Robust linear regression models were computed to investigate associations between M-PAC framework constructs and PA behavior. Findings showed the M-PAC framework explained as high as 14.3 % and 37.9 % of the variance in device-measured and self-reported MVPA, respectively. Regulatory (behavioral regulation), and reflexive (habit and identity) processes were significant predictors of self-reported MVPA when examining the full M-PAC framework, whereas the role identity dimension of PA identity was the only significant predictor of device-assessed MVPA. Taken together, these results reinforce the importance of post-intentional processes, specifically role identity, in understanding PA behavior among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carah D Porter
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Psychology, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Claire I Groves
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Psychology, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Huong
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Psychology, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Denver M Y Brown
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, Department of Psychology, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Adams EK, Murray K, Trost SG, Christian H. Longitudinal effects of dog ownership, dog acquisition, and dog loss on children's movement behaviours: findings from the PLAYCE cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:7. [PMID: 38287372 PMCID: PMC10826268 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity is important for children's physical and mental health, yet many children do not achieve recommended amounts of physical activity. Dog ownership has been associated with increased physical activity in children, however, there have been no longitudinal studies examining this relationship. This study used data from the Play Spaces and Environments for Children's Physical Activity (PLAYCE) cohort study to examine the longitudinal effects of dog ownership status on children's movement behaviours. METHODS Change in dog ownership from preschool (wave 1, age 2-5) to fulltime school (wave 2, age 5-7) was used as a natural experiment with four distinct dog ownership groups: continuing non-dog owners (n = 307), continuing dog owners (n = 204), dog acquired (n = 58), and dog loss (n = 31; total n = 600). Daily movement behaviours, including physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, and screen time, were measured using accelerometry and parent-report surveys. Differences between groups over time and by sex were tested using linear mixed effects regression models. RESULTS Girls who acquired a dog increased their light intensity activities and games by 52.0 min/day (95%CI 7.9, 96.0) and girls who lost a dog decreased their light intensity activities and games by 62.1 min/day (95%CI -119.3, -4.9) compared to no change among non-dog owners. Girls and boys who acquired a dog increased their unstructured physical activity by 6.8 (95%CI 3.2, 10.3) and 7.1 (95%CI 3.9, 10.3) occasions/week, compared to no changes among non-dog owners. Girls and boys who lost a dog reduced their unstructured physical activity by 10.2 (95%CI -15.0, -5.3) and 7.7 (95%CI -12.0, -3.5) occasions/week. Girls who lost a dog decreased their total physical activity by 46.3 min/day (95%CI -107.5, 14.8) compared to no change among non-dog owners. Continuing dog ownership was typically not associated with movement behaviours. Dog ownership group was not associated with changes in sleep and had mixed associations with screen time. CONCLUSION The positive influence of dog ownership on children's physical activity begins in early childhood and differs by child sex. Further research should examine the specific contributions dog-facilitated physical activity makes to children's overall physical activity, including the intensity and duration of dog walking and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Adams
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Stewart G Trost
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Rhodes RE. Translating Physical Activity Intentions into Behavior: Reflective, Regulatory, and Reflexive Processes. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2024; 52:13-22. [PMID: 38126402 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review predictors of the physical activity (PA) intention-behavior relationship. The review provides evidence for the hypothesis that reflective (consciously deliberated expectations of PA), regulatory (tactics used to enact intentions), and reflexive (stimulus-based associative motivation) processes represent independent determinants of translating PA intentions into action, yet differ in relative contribution across time and circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Lefferts EC, Saavedra JM, Song BK, Brellenthin AG, Pescatello LS, Lee DC. Increasing Lifestyle Walking by 3000 Steps per Day Reduces Blood Pressure in Sedentary Older Adults with Hypertension: Results from an e-Health Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:317. [PMID: 37623330 PMCID: PMC10455876 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing daily steps by an additional 3000 steps/day on 5 days/week equates to ~150 min/week of aerobic physical activity to meet the physical activity guidelines; however, its effectiveness for blood pressure control in older adults with hypertension is unknown. A 20-week, single-arm, pilot e-health lifestyle walking intervention was conducted in 21 sedentary older adults (73 ± 5 years old) with hypertension (13 female, 8 male) to investigate the effectiveness of increasing daily steps by an additional 3000 steps/day for blood pressure control. The intervention consisted of two phases, with behavior change assistance provided during the first active phase (weeks 1-10) to help reach step goals and minimal assistance provided during the second self-maintenance phase (weeks 11-20). Nineteen participants (91%) completed both the 10- and 20-week assessments. The participants wore the pedometer for ≥10 h on 97% of the days over 20 weeks. They significantly increased average steps/day from 3899 ± 2198 at baseline to 6512 ± 2633 at 10 weeks and 5567 ± 2587 at 20 weeks. After 20 weeks, both systolic (137 ± 10 to 130 ± 11 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and diastolic (81 ± 6 to 77 ± 6 mm Hg, p = 0.01) blood pressure improved. The response was consistent in participants with (n = 8) and without (n = 13) anti-hypertensive medication. The results of our lifestyle walking intervention are encouraging for reducing blood pressure in older adults with hypertension; however, larger randomized, controlled trials need to be performed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Lefferts
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.C.L.); (J.M.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Joseph M. Saavedra
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.C.L.); (J.M.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Bong Kil Song
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.C.L.); (J.M.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Angelique G. Brellenthin
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.C.L.); (J.M.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | | | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (E.C.L.); (J.M.S.); (A.G.B.)
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Tabaczynski A, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Rhodes RE, Sabiston CM, Trinh L. Correlates of Physical Activity Participation among Individuals Diagnosed with Cancer: An Application of the Multi-Process Action Control Framework. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4345. [PMID: 36901355 PMCID: PMC10002463 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to test Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) processes as correlates of physical activity (PA) intention formation and translation (i.e., action control) in individuals diagnosed with cancer. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional survey, completed from July to November of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. PA and M-PAC processes were self-reported using the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and questionnaires for reflective (instrumental/affective attitudes, perceived opportunity/capability), regulatory (e.g., goal-setting, planning), and reflexive processes (habit, identity). Separate hierarchical multinomial logistic regression models determined correlates of intention formation and action control. RESULTS Participants (n = 347; Mage= 48.2 ± 15.6) were primarily diagnosed with breast cancer (27.4%) and at a localized stage (85.0%). Most participants intended to perform PA (70.9%), yet only 50.4% met guidelines. Affective judgements (p < 0.001) and perceived capability (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with intention formation. Preliminary models indicated employment, affective judgements, perceived capability, and self-regulation to be significant (ps < 0.05) correlates of action control, but in the final model, only surgical treatment (p = 0.02) and PA identity (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with action control. CONCLUSION Reflective processes were associated with PA intention formation, while reflexive processes were associated with PA action control. Behavior change efforts for individuals diagnosed with cancer should extend beyond social-cognitive approaches to include regulatory and reflexive processes of PA behavior (i.e., PA identity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Tabaczynski
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada
| | | | - Ryan E. Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Catherine M. Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada
| | - Linda Trinh
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada
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Testing Leash Walking Training as a Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adult Dog Owners: A Feasibility Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7060120. [PMID: 36412609 PMCID: PMC9680302 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog walking is a physical activity (PA) with many health benefits for older adults. Dog behavior issues can be a barrier to dog walking. This study piloted leash manners training as a PA intervention for dog owners ages 60+ years. Fourteen dog owners (mean age = 65 years, female = 71%) enrolled in a leash manners training course. Process evaluation data were collected to determine feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures. Twelve of fourteen enrolled participants (86%) completed the course, and most were highly engaged with the program, as evidenced by high class attendance (92% of participants who completed the course attended ≥5 of 6 classes) and a majority (64%) reporting frequent skills practice at home. Further, most participants (73%) reported their leash walking skills improved. The PA assessment protocol (7 days of 24 h data collection using activPAL monitors) was well tolerated, with all participants who completed assessments at each time point (pre-program, post-program, 4-week follow-up) providing ≥6 valid days of data. In sum, the intervention approach and study procedures were feasible and acceptable in this sample of older adults. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of leash manners training for increasing PA in this population.
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Hielscher-Zdzieblik B, Gansloßer U, Serpell J, Froboese I. The Long-Term Influence of Puppy Acquisition on Physical Activity: Results of a 3-Year, Longitudinal, Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091687. [PMID: 36141299 PMCID: PMC9498865 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog ownership has been associated with increased levels of physical activity (PA), including increases in total PA and walking time in some but not in all studies. These earlier studies did not consider puppy acquisition, in particular, and were limited to a maximum of 10 months duration. The purpose of the current pilot study was, therefore, to analyze long-term changes in participants’ PA behavior after puppy acquisition. Participants who acquired a puppy from one of nine preselected breeds differing in size and energy level were included. PA was assessed at baseline and 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after puppy acquisition using an online questionnaire. Participants, who were initially included, did not differ in their PA at baseline (n = 38). In the group that completed the trial (n = 11) total PA, leisure time walking, total dog-related PA, and total dog walking increased within the first two years and decreased while remaining above baseline values during the last year, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-dog-related PA did not change over time. We conclude that the acquisition of a puppy increases PA and thus, could have a long-lasting positive effect on physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hielscher-Zdzieblik
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Udo Gansloßer
- Institute of Zoology and Evolutionary Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - James Serpell
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ingo Froboese
- Institute of Movement Therapy and Movement-Oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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8
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Westgarth C, Christley RM, Christian HE. A cross-sectional study of factors associated with regular dog walking and intention to walk the dog. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:570. [PMID: 35317770 PMCID: PMC8941754 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog walking is important for public health and dog welfare, yet some owners do not walk with their dogs regularly. This study examined factors associated with participation in regular dog walking and intention to dog walk, in order to inform physical activity interventions. METHODS 191 dog-owning adults from a UK community were surveyed about their participation in dog walking, intention to dog walk, attitudes and behavioural beliefs regarding dog walking, and dog and owner demographics. Principal components analysis identified owner profiles regarding attitudes and behavioural beliefs about dog walking. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with being a regular dog walker (achieving 150mins per week of dog walking) and having a high intention to dog walk (at least 30 mins per day for at least 5 days per week over the next month). RESULTS Participants walked with their dogs for a median 7 times/week and 230 total minutes/week; regular dog walkers 9 times/week (400 minutes/week), compared to twice/week for irregular dog walkers (45 minutes/week). Being a regular dog walker was positively associated with having a high level of intention to walk the dog in the next month (OR=12.1 95%CI=3.5-42.4, P<0.001), being married or living with a partner (OR=33.5, 95%CI=2.5-458.8, P=0.01), and higher scores on a dog walking habit index (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.3-3.5, P<0.01). However, higher support from friends for walking was negatively associated with being a regular dog walker (OR=0.3, 95%CI=0.1-0.7, P<0.01). High intention to dog walk was associated with female owners (OR=4.7, 95%CI=1.2-18.5, P=0.03), dogs that lay on the sofa (OR=6.9, 95%CI=1.5-31.8, P=0.01), high levels of self-efficacy to walk the dog over the next month (OR=5.8, 95%CI=1.5-21.9, P=0.01), owner type with an attitude of high responsibility and enjoyment from walking (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.2-3.8, P=0.02), and higher scores on a dog walking habit index (OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.0-3.7, P=0.05). Reporting someone else walks the dog was negatively associated with high intention (OR=0.1, 95%CI=0.0-0.7, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Interventions to promote dog walking may benefit from increasing intention to dog walk in male owners, forming schedules and routines that involve multiple household members in dog walking, and establishing habits around dog walking. Interventions may also need to address how to overcome barriers and perceived challenges in regards to self-efficacy of dog walking, that may prevent intention from being translated into action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carri Westgarth
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Robert M Christley
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire, CH64 7TE, UK
- Dogs Trust, London, UK
| | - Hayley E Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Rhodes RE, Cox A, Sayar R. What Predicts the Physical Activity Intention-Behavior Gap? A Systematic Review. Ann Behav Med 2021; 56:1-20. [PMID: 34231844 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intention is theorized as the proximal determinant of behavior in many leading theories and yet intention-behavior discordance is prevalent. PURPOSE To theme and appraise the variables that have been evaluated as potential moderators of the intention-physical activity (I-PA) relationship using the capability-opportunity-motivation- behavior model as an organizational frame. METHODS Literature searches were concluded in August 2020 using seven common databases. Eligible studies were selected from English language peer-reviewed journals and had to report an empirical test of moderation of I-PA with a third variable. Findings were grouped by the moderator variable for the main analysis, and population sample, study design, type of PA, and study quality were explored in subanalyses. RESULTS The search yielded 1,197 hits, which was reduced to 129 independent studies (138 independent samples) of primarily moderate quality after screening for eligibility criteria. Moderators of the I-PA relationship were present among select variables within sociodemographic (employment status) and personality (conscientiousness) categories. Physical capability, and social and environmental opportunity did not show evidence of interacting with I-PA relations, while psychological capability had inconclusive findings. By contrast, key factors underlying reflective (intention stability, intention commitment, low goal conflict, affective attitude, anticipated regret, perceived behavioral control/self-efficacy) and automatic (identity) motivation were moderators of I-PA relations. Findings were generally invariant to study characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Traditional intention theories may need to better account for key I-PA moderators. Action control theories that include these moderators may identify individuals at risk for not realizing their PA intentions. Prospero # CRD42020142629.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Amy Cox
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Reza Sayar
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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Perdew M, Liu S, Rhodes R, Ball GDC, Mâsse LC, Hartrick T, Strange K, Naylor PJ. The Effectiveness of a Blended In-Person and Online Family-Based Childhood Obesity Management Program. Child Obes 2021; 17:58-67. [PMID: 33370164 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 10-week blended family-based childhood obesity management program, relative to a wait-list control, in improving child body mass index (BMI) z-scores, child lifestyle behaviors, parental support for healthy eating and physical activity, and self-regulation for healthy eating and physical activity support. Methods: This study was registered as a randomized wait-listed controlled trial; however, due to low recruitment and program delivery logistics, this study transitioned into a quasi-experimental design. Families with children 8-12 years of age with a BMI ≥85th percentile for age and sex were recruited (October 2018 to March 2019) in British Columbia, Canada. The intervention provided families 10 weeks of in-person and online support on improving lifestyle behaviors. Results: Children's BMI z-scores were not significantly changed. Intervention group significantly improved their days of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity relative to control (0.75 ± 1.5; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.15); however, child dietary behaviors were not significantly changed. Relative to control, intervention group showed significant improvements in parental support for healthy eating (0.13 ± 0.36; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.06) and physical activity (1.0 ± 1.6; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.09) and self-regulation for healthy eating (2.0 ± 3.5; p < 0.01; ηp2 = 0.11) and physical activity support (2.0 ± 3.2; p < 0.05; ηp2 = 0.28). Conclusions: Preliminary evidence showed that the intervention was not effective in improving child BMI z-scores, but it was effective in promoting children's physical activity and parents' support behaviors. A longer study period may be required to change BMI z-scores. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03643341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Perdew
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teresa Hartrick
- Childhood Obesity Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Strange
- Childhood Obesity Foundation, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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11
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Grant SJ, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DER, Rhodes RE. Parents and children active together: a randomized trial protocol examining motivational, regulatory, and habitual intervention approaches. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1436. [PMID: 32957959 PMCID: PMC7507646 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity (PA) is associated with many health benefits during childhood, and tracks into desirable PA patterns and health profiles in adulthood. Interventions designed to support these behaviours among young children are critical. Family-based interventions focusing on parent-child activities together (i.e., co-activity) among preschool-aged children are warranted. Targeting parental support practices can increase the frequency of co-activity, however interventions must move beyond merely building intention and planning skills for successful maintenance. Interventions designed to increase co-activity habit strength may facilitate the sustainability and thus impact child PA. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of three intervention conditions designed to increase child PA through co-activity: a standard education condition (information about benefits), a planning (action planning, coping planning) + education condition and a habit (context-dependent repetition from prompts and cues) + planning +education condition. METHODS/DESIGN A longitudinal three-arm parallel design randomized trial will compare three conditions over six months. Families are eligible if they have at least one child between 3y and 5y that is not meeting 60mins/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The primary outcome (child MVPA) is assessed via accelerometry at baseline, six weeks, three months and six months (primary endpoint). Intervention materials targeting co-activity are delivered post baseline assessment, with booster sessions at six weeks and three months. Parental co-activity habit, parent-child co-activity and other behavioural constructs are also assessed via questionnaire at all measurement occasions. As tertiary outcomes, parental PA is measured via accelerometry and co-activity is measured via a Bluetooth-enabled proximity feature. A total of 106 families have been recruited thus far from the Greater Victoria region. The study is ongoing with a minimum target of 150 families and an anticipated recruitment completion date of August 2022. DISCUSSION This protocol describes the implementation of a randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of a habit formation group compared with a planning group and an education only group to increase child PA through targeting parent-child co-activity. This information could prove useful in informing public health initiatives to promote PA among families with preschool-aged children. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov in February 2016, identifier NCT03055871 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina J Grant
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Room 205 Centre for Clinical Research, 5790 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 1V7, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Cox A, Rhodes R. Increasing Physical Activity in Empty Nest and Retired Populations Online: A Randomized Feasibility Trial Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3544. [PMID: 32438600 PMCID: PMC7277598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive evidence on the benefits of physical activity (PA) in older adults, including reduced risk of disease, mortality, falls, and cognitive and functional decline, most do not attain sufficient PA levels. Theoretical work suggests that behavioral change interventions are most effective during life transitions, and as such, a theory-based, online intervention tailored for recently retired and empty nest individuals could lend support for increasing levels of PA. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of the intervention and study procedures for a future controlled trial. This study has a randomized controlled trial design with an embedded qualitative and quantitative process evaluation. Participants are randomized at 1:1 between the intervention and waitlist controls. Potential participants are within six months of their final child leaving the familial home or within six months of retiring (self-defined), currently not meeting the Canadian PA guidelines, have no serious contraindications to exercise, and are residing in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Participants are recruited by online and print flyers as well as in-person at community events. The study aims to recruit 40 empty nest and 40 retired participants; half of each group received the intervention during the study period. The internet-delivered intervention is delivered over a 10-week period, comprising 10 modules addressing behavior change techniques associated with PA. Primary outcomes relate to recruitment, attrition, data collection, intervention delivery, and acceptability. Secondary behavioral outcomes are measured at baseline and post-treatment (10 weeks). Intervention-selected participants are invited to an optional qualitative exit interview. The results of this feasibility study will inform the planning of a randomized effectiveness trial, that will examine the behavior change, health-related fitness, and well-being outcomes by exploring how reflexive processes of habit and identity may bridge adoption and maintenance in behavioral adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Cox
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, Department of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3N4, Canada;
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Medd ER, Beauchamp MR, Blanchard CM, Carson V, Gardner B, Warburton DE, Rhodes RE. Family-based habit intervention to promote parent support for child physical activity in Canada: protocol for a randomised trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033732. [PMID: 32295773 PMCID: PMC7200035 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity (PA) participation has many important physical and psychological health benefits, managing and preventing over 25 chronic conditions. Being more physically active as a child is associated with being more active as an adult, but less than 10% of Canadian children are achieving the recommended PA guidelines of 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA. Parental support is a predictor of child PA, but parent intention to support child PA does not always predict enacted support. Targeting factors that assist in the sustainability of parent support behaviour of child PA may have an impact on child PA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an intervention designed to promote habit formation of parental support (HABIT, independent variable) on child PA (dependant variable) compared with a planning and education group (PLANNING) and an education only group (EDUCATION). METHODS AND ANALYSIS The three conditions will be compared using a 6-month longitudinal randomised trial. Eligible families have at least one child aged 6-12 years who is not meeting the 2011 Canadian PA Guidelines. Intervention materials are delivered at baseline, with check-in sessions at 6 weeks and 3 months. Child's moderate-to-vigorous PA, measured by accelerometry, is assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months as the primary outcome. At baseline and 6 months, children perform fitness testing. Parents and children complete questionnaires at all timepoints. So far, 123 families have been recruited from the Greater Victoria and surrounding area. Recruitment will be continuing through 2020 with a target of 240 families. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol has been approved by the University of Victoria Human Research Ethics Board (Victoria, Canada). Results will be shared at conferences as presentations and as published manuscripts. Study findings will be made available to interested participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03145688; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Medd
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris M Blanchard
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Er Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Rhodes RE, Baranova M, Christian H, Westgarth C. Increasing physical activity by four legs rather than two: systematic review of dog-facilitated physical activity interventions. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1202-1207. [PMID: 31959677 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regular walking is a critical target of physical activity (PA) promotion, and dog walking is a feasible PA intervention for a large segment of the population. The purpose of this paper was to review PA interventions that have involved canine interactions and to evaluate their effectiveness. A secondary aim of this review was to highlight the populations, settings, designs and intervention components that have been applied so as to inform future research. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES We carried out literature searches to August 2019 using six common databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies included published papers in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature (theses and dissertations) in the English language that included any PA behaviour change design (ie, randomised controlled trial, quasi-experimental) that focused on canine-related intervention. We grouped findings by population, setting, medium, research design and quality, theory and behaviour change techniques applied. RESULTS The initial search yielded 25 010 publications which were reduced to 13 independent studies of medium and high risks of bias after screening for eligibility criteria. The approaches to intervene on PA were varied and included loaner dogs, new dog owners and the promotion of walking among established dog owners. Findings were consistent in showing that canine-assisted interventions do increase PA (82% of the studies had changes favouring the canine-facilitated intervention). Exploratory subanalyses showed that specific study characteristics and methods may have moderated the effects. Compared with studies with longer follow-up periods, studies with shorter follow-up favoured behaviour changes of the canine intervention over the control condition. CONCLUSION Canine-based PA interventions appear effective, but future research should move beyond feasibility and proof of concept studies to increase rigour, quality and generalisability of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria Baranova
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hayley Christian
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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Potter K, Sartore-Baldwin M. Dogs as Support and Motivation for Physical Activity. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:275-280. [PMID: 31283629 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity behavior change theorists are actively shifting the field to better align with the science of motivation and decision making. With this shift has come increasing interest in the role of affective judgments, habit, and identity in long-term physical activity maintenance, as well as the importance of framing physical activity in ways that protect autonomy and support personal values. This special communication makes the case for dog walking as a physical activity modality that fits well with the field's new focus. The authors provide an overview of dog walking research performed to date and discuss unanswered research questions. Given the large percentage of U.S. households that own a dog and the mainstream animal welfare movement to rehome adoptable shelter pets, there are innumerable opportunities to leverage the human-dog bond to increase physical activity levels.Dog walking interventions may be a highly practical approach to population-level physical activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Potter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA
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Powell L, Edwards KM, McGreevy P, Bauman A, Podberscek A, Neilly B, Sherrington C, Stamatakis E. Companion dog acquisition and mental well-being: a community-based three-arm controlled study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1428. [PMID: 31684914 PMCID: PMC6829935 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dog ownership is suggested to improve mental well-being, although empirical evidence among community dog owners is limited. This study examined changes in human mental well-being following dog acquisition, including four measures: loneliness, positive and negative affect, and psychological distress. Methods We conducted an eight-month controlled study involving three groups (n = 71): 17 acquired a dog within 1 month of baseline (dog acquisition); 29 delayed dog acquisition until study completion (lagged control); and 25 had no intentions of acquiring a dog (community control). All participants completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale (possible scores 0–60), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Kessler10 at baseline, three-months and eight-months. We used repeated measures ANCOVAs to analyse data with owner age and sex included as covariates. Post-hoc tests were performed for significant effects (p < 0.05). Results There was a statistically significant group by time interaction for loneliness (p = 0.03), with an estimated reduction of 8.41 units (95% CI -16.57, − 0.26) from baseline to three-months and 7.12 (95% CI -12.55, − 1.69) from baseline to eight-months in the dog acquisition group. The group by time interaction for positive affect was also significant (p = 0.03), although there was no change in the dog acquisition group. Conclusions Companion dog acquisition may reduce loneliness among community dog owners. Our study provides useful direction for future larger trials on the effects of dog ownership on human mental well-being. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered on 5th July 2017 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000967381).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Powell
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kate M Edwards
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul McGreevy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Podberscek
- Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brendon Neilly
- Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Das BM, Sartore-Baldwin ML. Development of a logic model for a service learning, dog walking course for college students. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2019; 76:101667. [PMID: 31202117 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite overwhelming evidence of the importance of physical activity, only 20% of US adults meet physical activity recommendations. A subsector of the population vulnerable to inactivity is college students. There is a disconnect between evidence-based physical activity programming and dissemination into college communities, which may be overcome through logic model development and evaluation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss logic model development for a service-learning, dog walking program for undergraduates. Participants were undergraduates (18-25 years). Process evaluations and observational data were used in a content analysis to determine major themes to create the logic model. A set of resources were needed to complete program activities, which led to short- and long-term outcomes. The overarching goal of the program is to improve the overall health status of college students and companion animals. This logic model may have significant public health impact as it can serve as a framework for universities wanting to develop, implement, and evaluate a service-learning, dog walking program for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhibha M Das
- East Carolina University, 172 Minges Coliseum, Greenville, NC 27858, United States.
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Christian H, Bauman A, Epping JN, Levine GN, McCormack G, Rhodes RE, Richards E, Rock M, Westgarth C. Encouraging Dog Walking for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:233-243. [PMID: 30202393 PMCID: PMC6124971 DOI: 10.1177/1559827616643686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity is associated with numerous health benefits, including the prevention of many chronic diseases and conditions or a reduction in their adverse effects. Intervention studies suggest that promoting dog walking among dog owners who do not routinely walk their dogs may be an effective strategy for increasing and maintaining regular physical activity. Strategies that emphasize the value of dog walking for both dogs and people, promote the context-dependent repetition of dog walking, enhance the social-interaction benefits, encourage family dog walking, and ensure availability of public space for dog walking may encourage increased dog walking. Research also supports organizing buddy systems via "loaner" dogs to facilitate informal walking by dog owners and non-dog owners. Given the number of homes that have dogs, strategies that promote dog walking could be effective at increasing physical activity levels among a significant proportion of the population. Maximizing the potential for dog walking to positively influence the health of individual people (and dogs) will only occur through implementing programs with broad population-level reach. Policies that facilitate dog walking at the community and population levels, such as "dogs allowed" places, off-leash zones, and dog-friendly built environments and parks, may contribute to greater physical activity through dog walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Christian
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Jacqueline N Epping
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Glenn N Levine
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Gavin McCormack
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Elizabeth Richards
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Melanie Rock
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
| | - Carri Westgarth
- School of Population Health and Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia (HC)
- School of Public Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia (AB)
- International Dog Walking Activity Group (ID-WAG), Atlanta, Georgia (JNE)
- Baylor College of Medicine and Michael E. DeBakey Medical Center, Houston, Texas (GNL)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (GM, MR)
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada (RER)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (ER)
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK (CW)
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Vallerand JR, Rhodes RE, Walker GJ, Courneya KS. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exercise telephone counseling intervention for hematologic cancer survivors: a phase II randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv 2018; 12:357-370. [PMID: 29411314 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-018-0675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supervised exercise interventions produce the largest improvements in patient-reported outcomes in cancer survivors but their scalability has been questioned. Telephone counseling has been proposed as a more feasible alternative but its impact on exercise behavior and health outcomes have been modest. Basing telephone counseling exercise (TCE) interventions on the theoretical advances described in the multi-process action control framework (M-PAC) may improve these outcomes. PURPOSE To assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a M-PAC-based TCE intervention for increasing aerobic exercise behavior in hematologic cancer survivors (HCS). METHODS We recruited 51 HCS who were randomized to either a weekly TCE group (n = 26) or a self-directed exercise (SDE) group (n = 25). Participants completed online measures of self-reported aerobic exercise behavior, quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and program satisfaction at baseline and post-intervention (12 weeks). RESULTS Adherence to the TCE intervention was 93% and retention was 100%. Participants receiving TCE increased their weekly aerobic exercise by 218 min compared to 93 min in the SDE group [mean-adjusted between-group difference (MBGDadj) = 139, 95%CI = 65 to 213, p < .001, effect size (d) = 2.19]. Clinically meaningful QoL improvements favored the TCE group for mental health (MBGDadj = 3.7, 95%CI = - 0.4 to 7.9, p = .08, d = 0.42) and mental health component (MBGDadj = 3.6, 95%CI = - 0.8 to 8.1, p = .10, d = 0.35) subscales. CONCLUSIONS The 12-week TCE intervention substantially increased exercise behavior and may have meaningfully improved QoL in HCS. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Though more definitive trials are needed, remote TCE interventions based on the M-PAC may improve exercise behavior and QoL in HCS and perhaps other cancer survivor groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinical Trials ID: NCT03052777.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Vallerand
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonto, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon J Walker
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonto, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonto, Canada.
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Abstract
The rise in life expectancy requires strategies to enable healthy ageing and the promotion of a high quality of life in old age. Poor mental health including depression and social isolation can blight older people's lives. Despite the positive benefits of physical activity for both mental and physical health, only a minority of those over 65 years are attaining the recommended levels of physical activity. The evidence relating to the benefits of pet dogs as promoters of wellbeing is set out in this article, although meeting their care needs may place an additional strain on an older person and/or their carer who has limited resources and physical capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison While
- Emeritus Professor of Community Nursing, King's College London, Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery and Fellow of the QNI
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Westgarth C, Christley RM, Marvin G, Perkins E. I Walk My Dog Because It Makes Me Happy: A Qualitative Study to Understand Why Dogs Motivate Walking and Improved Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080936. [PMID: 28825614 PMCID: PMC5580638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dog walking is a popular everyday physical activity. Dog owners are generally more active than non-owners, but some rarely walk with their dog. The strength of the dog–owner relationship is known to be correlated with dog walking, and this qualitative study investigates why. Twenty-six interviews were combined with autoethnography of dog walking experiences. Dog walking was constructed as “for the dog”, however, owners represented their dog’s needs in a way which aligned with their own. Central to the construction of need was perceptions of dog personality and behaviour. Owners reported deriving positive outcomes from dog walking, most notably, feelings of “happiness”, but these were “contingent” on the perception that their dogs were enjoying the experience. Owner physical activity and social interaction were secondary bonuses but rarely motivating. Perceptions and beliefs of owners about dog walking were continually negotiated, depending on how the needs of the owner and dog were constructed at that time. Complex social interactions with the “significant other” of a pet can strongly motivate human health behaviour. Potential interventions to promote dog walking need to account for this complexity and the effect of the dog-owner relationship on owner mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carri Westgarth
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
| | - Robert M Christley
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
| | - Garry Marvin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PJ, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Perkins
- Department of Health Services Research, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK.
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Dog Ownership and Dog Walking: The Relationship With Exercise, Depression, and Hopelessness in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2017; 33:E7-E14. [PMID: 28489725 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog ownership has been associated with increased physical activity in the general adult population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine dog ownership and dog walking and their relationship with home-based and phase II cardiac rehabilitation exercise, depression, and hopelessness in patients with ischemic heart disease. METHODS A total of 122 patients with ischemic heart disease were included in this prospective observational study. Patients completed dog ownership/walking questions during their hospitalization. The Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Participation Tool, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and State-Trait Hopelessness Scale were completed by mail at 3, 8, or 12 months later. Regression modeling was used to evaluate the significance of dog ownership/walking on exercise, depression and hopelessness. RESULTS The sample was 34.4% female and had a mean age of 64.7 ± 9.1 years. Forty-two patients (34.4%) reported owning a dog. Patients who owned but did not walk their dog reported significantly lower levels of home exercise compared with patients who walked their dogs at least 1 day per week (36.8% for non-dog walkers vs 73.9% for dog walkers, P = .019). The odds of participating in home exercise were significantly higher for dog walkers compared with non-dog walkers (odds ratio, 8.1 [1.7, 38.5] vs 1.0). There were no differences in phase II cardiac rehabilitation exercise, depression, or hopelessness between dog owners and non-dog owners or between dog walkers and non-dog walkers. CONCLUSIONS These findings show a beneficial effect on home-based exercise for those who dog-walk at least 1 day per week. Healthcare professionals should encourage dog walking to increase dog owners' physical activity levels.
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