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Akhtar S, Ali A, Asghar M, Hussain I, Sarwar A. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068445. [PMID: 37640460 PMCID: PMC10462943 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in Sri Lanka. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Sri Lankan Journals online and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles published between January 1990 and June 2022 investigating the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes in Sri Lanka. METHODS Random effect meta-analyses were conducted to derive the pooled prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes and their 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the impact of any single study on the pooled estimates. Two authors screened articles, extracted data and evaluated the quality of selected studies. RESULTS A total of 479 articles were reviewed, and 15 studies (n=30 137 participants) were selected in the final analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of diabetes was 12.07% (95% CI, 8.71% to 15.89%; prediction interval: 1.28-31.35). The pooled pre-diabetes prevalence was 15.57% (95% CI, 9.45% to 22.88%; prediction interval: 0.02-49.87). The pooled type 2 diabetes prevalence was the highest in the latest period of 2011-2021 (17.25%) than in the period of 2000s (11.84%) and 1990s (5.62%). CONCLUSIONS The growing trend of diabetes and pre-diabetes over the last 30 years is alarming in Sri Lanka. The government of Sri Lanka needs to take steps to improve diabetes education, screening, diagnosis and treatment. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021288591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Akhtar
- Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Ali
- Department of Statistics, GCU, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Aqsa Sarwar
- Department of Statistics, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mulikaburt T, Apidechkul T, Wongnuch P, Kitchanapaibul S, Udplong A, Srichan P, Upala P, Chomchoei C, Yeemard F, Tamornpark R, Singkhorn O. Components of stigma and its impact on maternal and child health service and outcomes: perspective of Akha hill tribe women in Thailand. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1263. [PMID: 36261838 PMCID: PMC9583464 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal and child health (MCH) is crucial to the well-being of mothers and children. Stigma regarding access to MCH services is a major challenge, especially for hill tribe people in Thailand. The study aimed to understand the components of stigma and its impact on MCH service and outcomes including experiences and expectations to address the stigma in perspective of Akha hill tribe women in Thailand. METHODS A phenomenological qualitative approach was used to gather information from Akha women who had attended MCH service one year prior and had an experience with stigma. A validated question guide was used in the study. The interview was conducted in private and confidential rooms in the Akha hill tribe villages between June and September 2021. A thematic analysis was used to extract the major and minor themes and develop the findings. RESULTS A total of 61 Akha postdelivery participants were recruited to provide information; the average age was 28.9 years, 32.8% had no Thai ID card, and 93.4% were married. Language, traditional clothing, poverty, and name were identified as drivers of stigma, while health care providers' background, gender differences between clients and health care providers, and knowledge gaps facilitated the stigma. Being a member of a hill tribe acted as the stigma marker. Stigma manifestation was presented in the forms of verbal or physical abuse, refusal to provide treatment, and intentional disclosure of personal information to the public. Accepting the situation with no better option, defending oneself to receive better care and services, and using a private care service were experiences in addressing the stigma. Gender matching, active MCH service, mobile emergency clinics, and appropriate, permanent medical equipment in health care facilities located in their villages were the expectations. CONCLUSION Akha women face a variety of stigmas in access to MCH services, with substantial impacts on health outcomes, especially the rate of services in women and child health. Creating laws to prevent the occurrence of any forms of stigma and implementing gender matching in MCH services should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo 1, Ta Sud Subdistrict, Muang District, 57100, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand.
| | - Pilasinee Wongnuch
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siwarak Kitchanapaibul
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Udplong
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Peeradone Srichan
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chalitar Chomchoei
- Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Fartima Yeemard
- Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ratipark Tamornpark
- School of Health Sciences, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Onnalin Singkhorn
- Center of Excellence for Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,School of Nursing, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Irwan AM, Potempa K, Abikusno N, Syahrul S. Self-Care Management for Hypertension in Southeast Asia: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2015-2032. [PMID: 36110577 PMCID: PMC9470121 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s367638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-care practices such as lifestyle modifications in diet, exercise, and stress management are effective in reducing the incidence of and enhancing better management of hypertension. However, little is known about the self-care management practices of people with hypertension in Southeast Asia (SEA) countries where the prevalence of hypertension is sharply increasing. Methods A scoping review of research and grey literature (2006-2021) was performed using Scoping Review Frameworks by Arkey and O'Malley. For the research literature, ten databases were searched followed by a manual search of the reference lists of relevant topical papers. Criteria for inclusion included both qualitative and quantitative primary data studies, focused on adult (18 years and over) hypertensive patients, self-care management methods, conducted in SEA. The study protocol has been registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/s4nvk/). Results Out of 1667 studies examined, there were 57 studies that met criteria and were included in this review. Results indicate a paucity of relevant literature. Moreover, most studies reviewed showed an incident rate of 50% or more incidence of behavioural risk factors in people diagnosed with hypertension, including overweight/obesity, poor physical exercise, poor/low-quality dietary intake, and not adhering to medication. Few studies indicated adequate traditional self-care practice among SEA hypertension populations. Use of a non-prescription herbal as the medication is identified in some studies. Several reviewed articles indicated that there is individual variation in the facilitators and barriers to implementing self-care practices and we put it into a working framework. The facilitators and barriers are relevant to personal choice (internal factors) or to the environment or context (external factors). Conclusion Enhancing self-care management of hypertension in SEA may require a multi-focused approach including targeting personal choice as well as external factors such as cultural relevance, environment, and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Masyitha Irwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia,School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Correspondence: Andi Masyitha Irwan, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia, Tel +6285342600183, Email
| | | | | | - Syahrul Syahrul
- Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Muche Ewunie T, Sisay D, Kabthymer RH. Diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269877. [PMID: 35687581 PMCID: PMC9187119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, diabetes mellitus is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia that has a profound impact on the health care system. However, no systematic synthesis and meta-analysis has been performed to depict the national prevalence. Hence, we authors aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its association with central obesity, overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 eligible studies on the national prevalence of DM and its association with central obesity, and overweight/obesity among adults in Ethiopia. We searched PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, from August 01 up to October 28, 2021, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of studies. Analysis was done using STATA version 14 software. Heterogeneity was checked using the I-squared test, and the publication bias was examined by funnel plot and eggers test. Moreover, Sensitivity analysis was done to check the influence of small studies on the outcome. The trim and fill analysis was performed to estimate the potentially missing articles because of publication bias. Result Total of 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included and the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was 6.26 (95%CI: 4.74–7.78). In the subgroup analysis, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the studies conducted in 2017 and before was 4.56 (95%CI: 2.98–6.14) but in studies done after 2017 was 7.55(95%CI: 4.69–10.41). The burden of diabetes mellitus was 5.79 times higher among those adults who had central obesity (OR = 5.79; 95%CI; 3.14–10.70), 5.70 times higher among adults who had overweight/obesity (OR = 5.70, 95%CI: 3.35–9.70). Conclusion The national prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults in Ethiopia was higher and associated with central obesity, and overweight/obesity. Hence, the government of Ethiopia and stakeholders should give attention to strengthen the current health system regarding non-communicable diseases like diabetes mellitus and obesity/overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Muche Ewunie
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Sisay
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Robel Hussen Kabthymer
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Pitchalard K, Wimolphan P, Singkhorn O, Purkey E, Moonpanane K. Feasibility and Acceptability of the HOME Model to Promote Self-Management Among Ethnic Minority Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Thailand: A Pilot Study. Health Equity 2022; 6:629-637. [PMID: 36081879 PMCID: PMC9448522 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ethnic minority elderly (EME) people are recognized as a vulnerable group who have higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than the majority of the population. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and effect of the HOME model (Home intervention; Online monitoring; Multidisciplinary approach; and Equity and education) specifically for enhancing self-management activities, glycemic control, and satisfaction of EME with T2DM in rural areas in Thailand. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, a single group used a pre-test and post-test, which were conducted as a pilot study to examine the effect of the HOME model. Results: Overall, 23 dyads of EME with T2DM and their family caregivers completed the 12-week intervention. They reported that the HOME model was helpful and motivating, and they reported satisfaction with the service provided. EME with T2DM showed significant reduction of blood glucose level, and significant improvement in self-management activities, happiness, and satisfaction compared with baseline. Family caregivers had also significant improvements in happiness and reported satisfaction with the HOME model. Conclusion: The primary evidence suggested that the HOME model was acceptable and feasible for EME with T2DM and their families in rural Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eva Purkey
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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“Life is Bitter and Sweet”: The Lived Experience of Ethnic Minority Elders with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in rural, Thailand. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2022; 16:155-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Apidechkul T, Chomchoei C, Upala P. Epidemiology of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus among hill tribe adults in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3969. [PMID: 35273290 PMCID: PMC8913599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A community-based cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of and determine factors associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among hill tribe adults aged 30 years and over. Data were collected from the target hill tribe people living in the 30 selected villages in Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand. A total of 2365 people were invited to participate in the study; 65.9% were female, 72.4% were aged 40-69 years, 0.9% regularly received preventive healthcare, and only 41.2% understood Thai. The overall prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM was 7.5%. After adjusting for age and sex, two factors were found to be associated with T2DM: triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Those with high triglyceride levels were 2.80 (95% CI 1.99-3.94) times more likely to be suffering from T2DM than those with a normal triglyceride level. Those with low HDL-C levels were 1.65 (95% CI 1.16-2.34) times more likely to be suffering from T2DM than those with normal HDL-C. Appropriate public health interventions should be developed and implemented to reduce T2DM by providing regular preventive healthcare, educating patients on DM prevention and control, and encouraging regular exercise and reduced consumption of fatty food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Center of Excellence for The Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | - Chalitar Chomchoei
- Center of Excellence for The Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for The Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on blood pressure reduction in Chinese elderly hypertension patients with type 2 diabetes and its possible mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3525. [PMID: 35241720 PMCID: PMC8894447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effect of SGLT-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on blood pressure reduction in Chinese elderly hypertension patients with type 2 diabetes and investigated its possible mechanisms. 124 patients were randomized to receive 25 mg empagliflozin QD, or placebo double blind for 12 weeks. Patients underwent 24-h ABPM. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness were also measured prior to randomization and at week 12. At week 12, adjusted mean difference versus placebo in change from baseline in mean 24-h SBP was − 8.14 mmHg (95% CI − 10.32, − 3.96, P = 0.005). At week 12, adjusted mean difference versus placebo in change from baseline in mean 24-h DBP was − 5.27 mmHg (95% CI − 8.19, − 1.35, P < 0.001). Changes in office BP were consistent with ABPM. Empagliflozin was well tolerated. Empagliflozin was associated with significant and clinically meaningful reductions in BP versus placebo in Chinese elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The underlying mechanisms possiblely at least in part were the improvements of endothelial function and arterial stiffness associated with empagliflozin. Registration number: ChiCTR2100054678, Registration date: December 23, 2021.
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Seah SJ, Harding SC, Pay JY, Wang J, Aw S, Lam J, Lim RBT. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with self-care and quality of life among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:179-187. [PMID: 34955386 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess how well community-dwelling older adults in Singapore were coping with their diabetes, and the sociodemographic characteristics that were associated with their level of coping. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 257 older adults. Multiple regression was used to assess the associations between various sociodemographic characteristics and coping measures of present quality of life and level of self-care. RESULTS Older adults mainly sought care in the primary care setting. They were not coping well given their mean scores for diabetes-dependent quality of life and the self-care index were -3.57 and 3.55 respectively. Compared to those with post-secondary education, individuals who had no formal (adjusted B -0.92, p 0.003), primary level (adjusted B -0.76, p < 0.001) and secondary level (adjusted B -0.50, p < 0.02) education reported lower present quality of life. Those with prior lowest skill level occupations were less likely to consume a healthy diet per week than those with prior highest skill level occupations (adjusted B -1.48, p 0.004). CONCLUSIONS There should be provision of diabetes self-care interventions targeting older adults in Singapore especially for those with lower education and work skill levels. As the first line of contacts, primary care providers should advocate for diabetes self-care and develop community-based interventions for these priority groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siang Joo Seah
- Health Systems & Behavioural Sciences, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore City, Singapore; Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Jin Yu Pay
- Tsao Foundation, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jing Wang
- Tsao Foundation, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Su Aw
- Tsao Foundation, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Raymond Boon Tar Lim
- Health Systems & Behavioural Sciences, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore City, Singapore.
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Sodeno M, Aung MN, Yuasa M, Moolphate S, Klinbuayaem V, Srikhamsao A, Aung TNN, Sato S, Tanigawa T. Association Between Physical Activity and Type 2 Diabetes Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaires: A Case-Control Study at a Health Promoting Hospital in Chiang Mai, Northern Thailand. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3655-3667. [PMID: 36452131 PMCID: PMC9701779 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s382528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health education and promotion is active in Thailand where diabetes is prevalent at 11.6% of the general adult population in 2021. PURPOSE This study aimed to describe and compare the levels of physical activity between patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and non-diabetic controls in northern Thailand. METHODS This observational case-control study included participants aged between 25 and 74 years in Chiang Mai. We recruited 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Sanpatong District Hospital and 150 control participants (non-T2DM) in the community. Interviews were conducted using the International Physical Activity Questionnaires-Short Form. Anthropometric measurements and social demographic information were collected from both patients and controls in 2019. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 58.8 ± 8.4 years in the T2DM group and 56.5 ± 9.9 years in the non-T2DM group. Compared to controls, patients with T2DM had received significantly more physical activity education (P < 0.001, Fisher's test). Most cases (93.3%) had received such education at a hospital or health center. The median total metabolic equivalents (METs) minutes per week (min/week) for participants in the T2DM group were higher than those in the non-T2DM group (2726 vs 1140 METs min/week) (P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test). Comparing the case and control groups in the category of PA level, we found that the case group had a higher proportion of high-level physical activity (P < 0.001, chi-square test). CONCLUSION Diabetes patients attending a community hospital exhibited high levels of physical activity. The majority of them received education related physical activity from a primary health care service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Sodeno
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Myo Nyein Aung
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: Myo Nyein Aung; Miho Sodeno, Juntendo University, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan, Email ;
| | - Motoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health Research, Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saiyud Moolphate
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | | | - Aranya Srikhamsao
- Ban Hua Rin Subdistrict Health Promotion Hospital, Chiang Mai, 50120, Thailand
| | - Thin Nyein Nyein Aung
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Setsuko Sato
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zeru MA, Tesfa E, Mitiku AA, Seyoum A, Bokoro TA. Prevalence and risk factors of type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21733. [PMID: 34741064 PMCID: PMC8571297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a public health problem in developing as well as developed nations. DM leads to many complications that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the current study was planned to assess the prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. Six electronic databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Web of science, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online were searched for studies published in English up December 30, 2020. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of the included studies. The data was extracted by Microsoft excel and analyzed through Stata version 16 software. The random effect meta-regression analysis was computed at 95% CI to assess the pooled prevalence and risk factors of type-2 DM. Forty observational studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of DM in Ethiopia was 6.5% (95% CI (5.8, 7.3)). The sub-group analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of DM was found in Dire Dawa city administration (14%), and the lowest prevalence was observed in Tigray region (2%). The pooled prevalence of DM was higher (8%) in studies conducted in health facility. Factors like: Age ≥ 40 years ((Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.91 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.49)), Illiterate (AOR: 2.74 (95% CI: 1.18, 6.34)), Cigarette smoking (AOR: 1.97 (95% CI: 1.17, 3.32)), Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (AOR: 2.01 (95 CI: 1.46, 2.27)), family history of DM (AOR: 6.14 (95% CI: 2.80, 13.46)), history of hypertension (AOR: 3.00 (95% CI: 1.13, 7.95)) and physical inactivity (AOR: 5.79 (95% CI: 2.12, 15.77)) were significantly associated with type-2 DM in Ethiopian population. In this review, the prevalence of type-2 DM was high. Factors like: Older age, illiteracy, cigarette smoking, MBI ≥ 25, family history of DM, history of hypertension and physical inactivity were an identified risk factors of type-2 DM. Therefore, health education and promotion will be warranted. Further, large scale prospective studies will be recommended to address possible risk factors of type-2 DM in Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melkamu A. Zeru
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalamaw Tesfa
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Aweke A. Mitiku
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Agriculture Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Awoke Seyoum
- grid.442845.b0000 0004 0439 5951Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Abera Bokoro
- grid.192267.90000 0001 0108 7468Department of Statistics, College Computing and Informatics, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Dziedzic B, Idzik A, Kobos E, Sienkiewicz Z, Kryczka T, Fidecki W, Wysokiński M. Loneliness and mental health among the elderly in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1976. [PMID: 34727897 PMCID: PMC8561080 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The unexpected changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic related to the fear of developing the disease, and the need for social distancing and isolation have had an effect on people’s mental health. These drastic changes can result in the development of anxiety, depressive symptoms and sense of loneliness. Elderly and chronically ill individuals are at a particularly high risk of developing COVID-19, suffering severe illness and dying as a result of it. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, irritability and loneliness in the elderly aged 60 years and older as a group exposed to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze the relationships between loneliness and mental health of the respondents and sociodemographic variables and chronic diseases. Materials and methods The study was conducted in Poland among 221 individuals aged 60+. The study material was collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-M) and a revised University of California Los Angeles loneliness scale (R-UCLA). Women accounted for 47.51% and men for 52.49% of study participants; the mean age was 65.18 (SD = 4.06). Results In total, according to HADS-M, depressive symptoms were present in 19.15% of the participants and borderline states in 14.18% of them. Based on R-UCLA, moderate and moderately high sense of loneliness was present in 58.83% of the participants. Sense of loneliness was significantly correlated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Conclusions In this study, one in five participants experienced anxiety and depressive symptoms. Two out of three participants experienced a moderate sense of loneliness. Individuals who displayed a higher level of loneliness also had a higher severity of anxiety level depressive symptoms and irritability. Elderly individuals should be under special care due to their high risk of experiencing physical and mental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Dziedzic
- Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Anna Idzik
- Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Kobos
- Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zofia Sienkiewicz
- Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kryczka
- Department of Development of Nursing, Social and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Wiesław Fidecki
- Department of Basic Nursing and Medical Teaching, Department of Development of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Wysokiński
- Department of Basic Nursing and Medical Teaching, Department of Development of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081, Lublin, Poland
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Kantow S, Seangpraw K, Ong-Artborirak P, Tonchoy P, Auttama N, Bootsikeaw S, Choowanthanapakorn M. Risk Factors Associated with Fall Awareness, Falls, and Quality of Life Among Ethnic Minority Older Adults in Upper Northern Thailand. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1777-1788. [PMID: 34629869 PMCID: PMC8495147 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s328912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Falls are a major public health issue and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among the older adults in many countries. Falls and their consequences have an impact on people’s quality of life, particularly the older adults. However, there have been very few studies on falls among ethnic minority groups living in rural areas. The aim of this study was to examine factors related to fall awareness, falls, and quality of life among ethnic minority older adults living in northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 older adults from ethnic minority groups living in rural communities in Phayao and Lamphun provinces of northern Thailand using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, with structured questionnaires covering health information, fall awareness, and quality of life (WHOQOL-OLD). The factors were determined using simple linear regression and binary logistic regression. Results The mean age of the participants was 68.2, Karen (35.5%), Mien (24.2%), indigenous (20.8%), and Hmong (19.5%). In the previous 12 months, 20.6% of elders had experienced a fall, and 4.5% of them had experienced multiple falls. More than half of the elders had moderate fall awareness and quality of life (71.6% and 68.6%, respectively). Univariate analysis revealed that minority group, sociodemographic characteristics, sleep duration, and fear of falling were all found to be associated with fall awareness, falls, and quality of life score (p<0.001). There was a significant relationship among fall awareness, falls, and quality of life score (p<0.001). Compared to those who had not fallen in the previous year, the quality of life of the older adults who had fallen was about 11 points lower. Conclusion Several independent variables were discovered to be fall risk factors and quality of life indicators. It is critical to recognize the risk factors to promote fall prevention programs that are appropriate for the older adults among ethnic minorities. Therefore, public health agencies and local government should be aware of the problem and initiate an implementation program and policy to prevent falls and improve the quality of life among ethnic minority older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakan Kantow
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | | | | | - Prakasit Tonchoy
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Nisarat Auttama
- School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension. PAJAR - PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGING RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/2357-9641.2021.1.39756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: hypertension (HTN) is rapidly emerging as a public health problem among elderly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors among the elderly in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.Methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out to assess hypertension among 323 community dwelling elderly in Pokhara Metropolitan from October 2019 to March 2020. Quota sampling was used to collect the samples. Elderly those who were attending hospitals or with any serious medical conditions were excluded from the study. Face to face interview was done for data collection and anthropometric measurements, and semi structured standard STEPS questionnaires were used as data collection tools. Data were entered in Epi DATA [Version 3.1] and analyzed using SPSS [Version 20] as per data analysis plan. Bivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted and statistical significance was declared at a p-value ≤ 0.05.Results: prevalence of hypertension was reported among 34.4 percent (Male: 39.3%, Female 29%) elderly in Pokhara Metropolitan. The higher proportion of hypertensive cases were in age group 60-69 years (36%). The prevalence of hypertension was significantly associated with ethnicity (OR= 1.74, CI: 1.07-2.83), current alcohol intake (OR= 2.56, CI: 1.30-5.05) and mental stress (OR= 2.25, CI: 1.19-4.28).Conclusion: more than one third of the elderly had hypertension. Ethnicity, current alcohol intake and mental stress are found to be factors associated with hypertension. Periodic screening for early detection of hypertension and implementing health promotion interventions to encourage behavior change among elderly may promote healthy ageing.
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Apidechkul T, Tamornpark R, Chomchoei C, Upala P, Yeemard F. Association Between Lifestyle Behaviors and Hypertension Among Hill Tribe Adults in Thailand: a Cross-Sectional Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 9:1517-1527. [PMID: 34185305 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HT) is a serious problem in the adult population, particularly among individuals who are living in poor economic conditions and have a low education level. This study aimed to determine the associations between lifestyle and HT among adult hill tribe populations in Thailand. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather information on several risk behaviors related to HT among the hill tribe population aged 30 years and older by using a validated questionnaire and 5 mL blood specimens. The study was conducted in 30 selected hill tribe villages in Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. Logistic regression was used to detect the associations. RESULTS A total of 2552 participants participated in the project; 65.9% were female, 72.4% were aged 40-69 years, and 54.2% were Buddhist. The overall prevalence of HT was 33.7%. After controlling for all potential confounding variables, two variables were found to be associated with HT: participants who used moderate (AOR=1.57; 95% CI=1.03-3.76) and high amounts (AOR=1.59; 95% CI=1.05-3.78) of oil for cooking had greater odds of having HT than those who used small amounts. Those who had low (AOR=1.45; 95% CI=1.13-1.88), moderate (AOR=2.68; 95% CI=1.80-8.78), and high (AOR=1.61; 95% CI=1.36-7.26) levels of depression had greater odds of having HT than those who were not depressed. CONCLUSIONS Effective public health programs that focus on reducing the use of daily oil for cooking and decreasing the prevalence of depression in hill tribe people are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | | | - Chalitar Chomchoei
- Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Fartima Yeemard
- Center of Excellence for the Hill Tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Upala P, Apidechkul T, Wongfu C, Khunthason S, Kullawong N, Keawdounglek V, Chomchoei C, Yeemard F, Tamornpark R. Factors associated with hypertriglyceridemia among the hill tribe people aged 30 years and over, Thailand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:581. [PMID: 33757484 PMCID: PMC7989000 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triglycerides are lipids in the human body that are produced from the consumption of daily food and drink. However, elevated serum triglycerides, also known as hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), are key biomarkers indicating an unhealthy status and increased risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and pancreatitis. Different groups of people have different patterns and styles of cooking and different patterns of consumption, such as hill tribe people, who have their own unique culture and cooking practices. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with HTG among the hill tribe population in Thailand. METHOD A cross-sectional study was performed. Data and a-5 mL blood sample were collected from participants who were members of one of the six main hill tribes in Thailand: Akah, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. People who lived in 30 selected hill tribe villages and aged 30 years over were asked to participate the study. Pearson correlation and logistic regression were used to detect the correlations and determine the associations between variables, respectively, at a significant level of α = 0.05. RESULTS A total of 2552 participants participated this study; 65.9% were females, 72.35% were aged 40-69 years, 76.7% had no education, 48.7% worked in the agricultural section, and 71.2% had an annual income of less than 50,000 baht/family. Regarding the triglyceride level, 41.7% of participants had elevated levels of serum triglyceride or HTG; 16.4% had a borderline high level, and 25.3% had a high level. After controlling for all potential confounder factors, three variables were found to be associated with elevated serum triglycerides. Those who were members of the Lahu and Hmong tribes were 1.62 times (95%CI = 1.25-2.01) and 1.63 times (95%CI = 1.23-2.16) more likely to have elevated serum triglycerides than those who were members of the Akha tribe, respectively. Those who used a high quantity of cooking oil for daily cooking were 0.73 times less likely to have an abnormal level of triglycerides than those who used a low quantity of cooking oil for daily cooking (95%CI = 0.58-0.91), and those who had a waist circumference indicating obesity were 1.28 times more likely to have an abnormal level of triglycerides than those who had a normal waist circumference (95%CI = 1.08-1.52). CONCLUSION Public health programs that focus on encouraging people to have regular exercise to reduce their body weight, particularly in some tribes, such as Lahu and Hmong, should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chanyanut Wongfu
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siriyaporn Khunthason
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Niwed Kullawong
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Vivat Keawdounglek
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Fartima Yeemard
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ratipark Tamornpark
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Kullawong N, Apidechkul T, Upala P, Tamornpark R, Keawdounglek V, Wongfu C, Yeemard F, Khunthason S, Chomchoei C. Factors associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among hill tribe people aged 30 years and over in Thailand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:498. [PMID: 33711970 PMCID: PMC7953743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the most important types of cholesterol and has an impact on health. Certain lifestyle and dietary habits in different populations may leads to increased levels of LDL-C, particularly among those with poor education and economic statuses, such as hill tribe people in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and determine the factors associated with high LDL-C levels among hill tribe people in northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to gather information from six main hill tribe populations: Akha, Lahu, Hmong, Yao, Karen, and Lisu. Individuals who were aged over 30 years and living in 30 selected hill tribe villages were invited to participate in the study. A validated questionnaire and 5-mL blood specimens were used to obtain data. Correlation analyses, chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to detect correlations and associations. Results A total of 2552 participants were recruited into the study; 65.9% were females, and 64.1% were aged younger than 60 years old. Approximately 69.6% of participants had abnormal LDL-C levels; 33.6% had above-optimal levels, 24.3% had borderline high levels, 8.0% had high levels, and 3.7% had very high levels. A total of 17.4% of participants had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high LDL-C levels, while 14.9% had high triglyceride and LDL-C levels. After controlling for sex, age, religion, education, annual family income, and marital status in the multivariate model, three variables were found to be associated with high LDL-C levels: occupation, the amount of lard used in daily cooking, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Those who were working as agriculturalists had a 1.34-fold greater chance of having abnormal LDL-C than traders and others (95% CI = 1.09–1.34). Those who used moderate and high quantities of lard in their daily cooking had a 1.45-fold (95% CI = 1.15–1.82) and 1.31-fold (95% CI = 1.04–1.68) greater likelihood of having abnormal LDL-C levels than those who used low quantities, respectively. Those who had abnormal HbA1c levels were less likely to develop abnormal LDL-C levels than those who had normal HbA1c levels (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–92). Conclusions Effective public health programs that do not conflict with the cultures of hill tribes are urgently needed, particularly programs encouraging the use of small quantities of lard for daily cooking practices. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10577-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niwed Kullawong
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Apidechkul
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
| | - Panupong Upala
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Ratipark Tamornpark
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Vivat Keawdounglek
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Chanyanut Wongfu
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Fartima Yeemard
- Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Siriyaporn Khunthason
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for The Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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Haron H, Kamal NF, Yahya HM, Shahar S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of Malay Elderly on Salt Intake and Its Relationship With Blood Pressure. Front Public Health 2021; 8:559071. [PMID: 33614563 PMCID: PMC7890185 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.559071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a worldwide problem and a major global health burden with high salt intake as one of the factors often related to it. Public exposure to a high salt diet has contributed to the increase in prevalence of hypertension among the Malaysian population. Improving the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to salt intake is a key component of effective blood pressure control. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the association of KAP of healthy salt intake toward blood pressure among the elderly residing in a semi urban area of Klang Valley Malaysia. A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among Malay elderly, aged 60–81 years old residing in Bandar Baru Bangi. Subjects were required to answer the questionnaire via face to face interview regarding KAP of Salt Intake, together with sociodemographic and health profiles. Anthropometry parameters and blood pressure were measured. A total of 94 elderly [57.5% women with mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 26. 46 ± 4.16, 42.5% men with mean BMI of 27.31 ± 5.19] have participated in the study. Results indicated that the overall KAP score was average (57.4%). However, majority showed a positive attitude toward reducing the salt intake. BMI was found to have significant correlation with blood pressure (r = 0.278, p < 0.05). Higher education level was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with good knowledge scores while younger subjects have a positive attitude toward healthy intake of salt (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher knowledge scores were also observed to have the more controlled blood pressure compared to those who scored less. Attitude and practices score showed no significance difference (p > 0.05) with blood pressure. Younger age, higher level of education and living partner or elderly was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Overall, this study showed that knowledge toward healthy salt intake, BMI, education level, and living with others were significantly associated with the blood pressure among the elderly. Further education and intervention is required to improve knowledge on healthy salt intake among elderly as part of the prevention from hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnah Haron
- Nutritional Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - NurAisyah Farhana Kamal
- Nutritional Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Mastura Yahya
- Nutritional Science Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Seesen M, Lucchini RG, Siriruttanapruk S, Sapbamrer R, Hongsibsong S, Woskie S, Kongtip P. Association between Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Insulin Resistance in Pesticide Sprayers and Nonfarmworkers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8140. [PMID: 33158102 PMCID: PMC7662827 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for various diseases. Chronic organophosphate exposure has been reported to be a cause of insulin resistance in animal models. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between organophosphate exposure and insulin resistance in pesticide sprayers and nonfarmworkers. Participants aged 40-60 years, consisting of 150 pesticide sprayers and 150 nonfarmworkers, were interviewed and assessed for their homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level. Organophosphate (OP) exposure was measured in 37 sprayers and 46 nonfarmworkers by first morning urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites. The DAP metabolite levels were not different in either group except for diethylthiophosphate (DETP; p = 0.03), which was higher in sprayers. No significant association was observed between DAP metabolite levels and HOMA-IR. Wearing a mask while handling pesticides was associated with lower dimethyl metabolites (95% CI = -11.10, -0.17). Work practices of reading pesticide labels (95% CI = -81.47, -14.99) and washing hands after mixing pesticide (95% CI = -39.97, -3.35) correlated with lower diethyl alkylphosphate level. Overall, we did not observe any association between OP exposure and insulin resistance in pesticide sprayers and the general population. However, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization and work practice were associated with OP exposure level in sprayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Occupational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Science Research, Research Institute for Health Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Pornpimol Kongtip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Fontes WHDA, Gonçalves Júnior J, de Vasconcelos CAC, da Silva CGL, Gadelha MSV. Impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on the Mental Health of the Elderly. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:841. [PMID: 32973583 PMCID: PMC7461950 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Mungmonphoncharoen S, Apidechkul T, Dokmaingam P. Factors associated with the recurrence of dengue fever in villages in Chiang Rai, Thailand. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-11-2018-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors associated with DF occurrence in recurrence villages in Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Design/methodology/approach
A case-control study was conducted between June 2017 and December 2017. A validated questionnaire was used to detect the factors associated with recurrence of DF. χ2 and logistic regression were used to detect the associations between variables at α=0.05.
Findings
In total, 213 cases and 436 controls were recruited into the analysis. Cases were recruited from 20 DF recurring villages, while controls were recruited from 20 non-DF recurring villages in Chiang Rai province. At community level, three variables were associated with recurrence of DF; size of the village (p=0.007), number of villagers (p=0.009), tribe (p=0.043) and distance to a hospital (p=0.003). Three variables were associated with DF at personal and family levels in multivariate model: children whose parents worked as daily employees, and government officers and traders were more likely to have DF 1.56 (95%CI=1.22–2.48) and 4.31 (95%CI=4.66–9.38) times greater than of those whose parents’ worked as agriculturists, respectively; children aged less than one year were 2.89 (95%CI=2.17–4.33) times more likely to have DF than those aged=6 and children who were under standard growth and over standard growth were more likely to have DF than those standard growth 1.61 (95%CI=1.18–2.53) and 7.33 (95%CI=4.39–10.37) times, respectively.
Originality/value
This is the original research article which was conducted in detecting the factors associated with recurrence of DHF in Northern Thailand.
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Dagnew B, Yeshaw Y. Predictors of isolated systolic hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:510. [PMID: 31416481 PMCID: PMC6694682 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systolic blood pressure rise among T2DM patients was main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objective of this study was to identify predictors of isolated systolic hypertension among T2DM patients at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, 2016. We conducted cross sectional study using simple random sampling and interviewer administered questionnaire. Isolated systolic hypertension is SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and < 90 mmHg. Data entered and analyzed using Epi Data and SPSS respectively. Predictor factor was declared at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 315 T2DM took part. Prevalence of ISH was 27.6% [95% CI (22.7, 32.5%)]. One hundred sixty and two (51.4%) patients were males with mean age of 54.1 from 22 to 87 years. Male sex [AOR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.21-4.72, p = 0.012], unemployment [AOR = 3.22, 95% CI 1.48-7.03, p = 0.003], age of 47-55 [AOR = 2.63, 95% CI 1.03-6.70, p = 0.044], single [AOR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.13-4.51, p = 0.021], ≤ Grade 8 [AOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.10-7.85, p = 0.03] and income (ETB) 501-800 [AOR = 21.9, 95% CI 7.62-63.1, p < 0.001], 801-1500 [AOR = 5.78, 95% CI 2.55-13.1, p < 0.001] and > 1500 [AOR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.74-10.30, p = 0.001] were significant factors of ISH. The health sector has to establish preventive strategies for ISH among T2DM patients by giving special attention to predictor factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baye Dagnew
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Lapo P, Inmutto N, Tanaka H, Suksom D. Cardiorespiratory burden of brass neck coils placed on Kayan Karen long-neck women of Thailand. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:894-901. [PMID: 31313969 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is only scarce information regarding the physiological and health impact of lifelong wearing of the neck brass coils in Karen Kayan women. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of wearing brass neck coils on cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular functions in long-neck Karen women. A total of 28 Karen women (aged 23-66 years) were studied. Fourteen Karen women who had been wearing neck brass coils were compared with 14 Karen women with no neck coils. We also studied 14 age-matched city-living controls. Radiographic examination of 2 older Karen women wearing neck coils showed low levels of the clavicles. There were no group differences in resting heart rate and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was greater and functional capacity was lower in both Karen women than city-living controls (all p < 0.05). Karen women wearing neck coils demonstrated lower flow-mediated dilation, lung functions, including forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume during the first second, and cerebral blood flow velocity than Karen women without neck coils (all p < 0.05). Karen women wearing neck coils demonstrate reduced endothelial and pulmonary functions as well as cerebral perfusion compared with age-matched Karen women without neck coils living in the same villages. Brass neck coils worn by Karen women may elevate risks of developing cardiopulmonary and cerebrovascular diseases. Novelty Cerebral blood flow velocity and macrovascular and microvascular functions were lower in Karen wearing neck coils. There appears to be substantial burden of brass neck coils exerted on physiological systems in Karen women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattawan Lapo
- a Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Inmutto
- b Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Hirofumi Tanaka
- c Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daroonwan Suksom
- a Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,d Exercise Physiology in Special Population Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Apidechkul T. Seroprevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among the hill tribe youths, northern Thailand. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:125. [PMID: 30727952 PMCID: PMC6366101 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major viral infection, particularly in people living in the Western Pacific region, including the hill tribe people living in northern Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and to detect the factors associated with HBV infection among hill tribe youths in Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and determine the factors associated with HBV infection among hill tribe youths living in northern Thailand. A validated questionnaire and 5 mL blood sample were used for data collection. The Wondfo Diagnostic Kit®, the Wondfo One Step HBsAg Serum/Plasma Test®, and the Wondfo One Step HBsAg Serum/Plasma Test® were used for anti-HBsAg, HBsAg, and total anti-HBc detections, respectively. Logistic regression was used to detect associations between variables with an α = 0.05 significance level. Results A total of 836 participants were included in the study; 62.7% were female, 58.9% were aged 15–17 years, 58.7% were Buddhist, 78.4% graduated high school, and 89.1% had no income. The majority were Akha (30.0%), Yao (16.3%), and Hmong (15.8%); 13.2% smoked, 21.5% used alcohol, 13.3% had tattoos, 3.9% experienced drug injection from illegal practitioners, and 35.7% had no history of HBV immunization. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.0%; anti-HBs, 10.2%; and total anti-HBc, 8.1%. In the multivariate analysis, four variables were found to be significantly associated with HBV infection among the hill tribe youths: age, tribe, work experience, and number of partners. Those aged 18–20 years and 21–24 years had 2.13 times (95%CI = 1.35–3.29) and 2.39 times (95%CI = 1.05–3.90) greater odds of HBV infection, respectively, than those aged 15–17 years. Akha, Lahu, and Hmong youths had 3.12 times (95%CI = 1.07–9.12), 3.71 times (95%CI = 1.21–11.41), and 3.84 times (95%CI = 1.26–11.69) greater odds of HBV infection, respectively, than Lisu youths. Those who had experience working outside of the village had a 1.77 times (95%CI = 1.18–2.98) greater chance of HBV infection than those who did not have experience working outside of the village, and those who had ≥2 partners had a 2.66 times (95%CI = 1.96–3.87) greater chance of HBV infection than those who had no partner. Conclusions Effective HBV prevention programs should be promoted in Akha, Lahu, and Hmong youth populations, particularly to those who have sexual partners, work outside of the village and are aged 18–24 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawatchai Apidechkul
- Center of Excellence for the Hill tribe Health Research, Mae Fah Laung University, 333 Mo.1 Tasud Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Rai Province, 57100, Thailand. .,School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
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